Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
Gregg D. Caruso
Science, Religion and Culture
...of profound interest for philosophers, scientists, theologians, and cultural historians for centuries. In fact, as far back as the ancient Greeks, when Thales of Miletus and other pre-Socratic philosophers began to offer scientific explanations of the natural world, questions about the relationship between science and religion began to emerge. Given that...
Victor J. Stenger
Science, Religion and Culture
...-align: justify;">Philosopher Massimo Pigliucci has written an article highly critical of the new atheists and accusing them of scientism. He implies that only professional philosophers like himself are qualified to discuss the subject. However, the books Pigliucci criticizes were not intended to be philosophical treat...
Keith Ward
Science, Religion and Culture
...Books, London, 2010), Stephen Hawking agrees that we should attempt to answer the questions ‘Why is there something rather than nothing? Why do we exist?’ and ‘Why this particular set of laws and not some other?’ (p. 19). In his book he proposes to answer those questions, from a purely scientific point of view (‘Philosophy is dead’, he announces on p. 13, even though the whole book is an e...
Robert E. Pollack
Science, Religion and Culture
... bible’s Torah, Prophets and Writings that are millennia old.
...
John Shook
Science, Religion and Culture
...religions and anthropomorphic gods can’t survive, but science vs. religion is hardly the whole story. Only science joined by philosophical reflection suffices to skeptically analyze the natural theology arguments for supernatural gods, too aloof and abstract for direct confrontation over evidence. Theology’s desperate maneuvers for avoiding science and scientific atheology only...
Ruse, Michael, The Gaia Hypothesis: Science on a Pagan Planet, The University of Chicago Press, 2013, 251 pp, $26.00, ISBN 978-0-226-73170-4
Science, Religion and Culture
Timothy Helton
In a Mirror Dimly: Anthropology and Restoring a Sense of Presence to an Empty World
...hrough which the ethnographers gaze at the objects of their study. Scholars that approach religion as an object fit only for analysis discover in it a model of an objectified universe; and those that assume a universe subject only to natural law find in the religions that they study worlds devoid of others–sterile worlds populated only by selves incapable of meaningful relationships. The essay urges that those who see in religions only objects for analys...
Johanna Lindahl 1, 2
British Journal of Virology
...lated virus Japanese encephalitis virus is the most important cause of mosquito-borne encephalitis in the world, and is maintained in avian reservoirs and amplified by pigs. The occasional spill-over of the virus into humans results in more than 60 000 clinical cases of Japanese encephalitis annually, with high case fatality rates. The main vectors preferably feed on livestock and breed i...
Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1
British Journal of Virology
Reviewed by John Shook, University at Buffalo, USA; Email: jshook@pragmatism.org
Science, Religion and Culture
...This opportunity came to philosopher Gregg D. Ca- ruso, thanks to a publisher whose “5 Questions” series is permitting readers to examine direct answers on all sorts of topics from today’s premier public intellectu- als. Reading the answers about science and religion in this volume is consistently informative and inspi- rational, and frequently revealing in stunning ways. Comparing the answers from the impr...
Reviewed by Rick Repetti, Kingsborough Community College, CUNY; Email: Rick.Repetti@kbcc.cuny.edu
Science, Religion and Culture
...t is replete with pithy aphorisms, guidelines, strategies, talking points, dialectical examples and analyses of real-life “interventions” designed to progressively tutor armies of atheist evangelists in the art of demolishing faith, which Boghossian claims is “pretending to know things one doesn’t know.”...
Reviewed by Elly Vintiadis (www.ellyvintiadis.com)
...onsists of the autobiographical accounts of the journey of ex-believers from a life of faith to a life of atheism or agnosticism. It brings together the so-called ‘deconversion’ stories of 16 people of different gender, race, age, and religion. If, like me, you have never heard of the term “deconversion” before, it is the atheist equivalent to the religious finding of faith – it is a conversion from belief to agnosticism or atheis...
H. Bruce Rinker
...umptions inherent in the physical sciences delayed unification and, thereby, contributed inadvertently to the present-day scourges of fragmentation such as human-accelerated climate change and biodepletion. A philosophia prima is now required to repair and reunite human thought to achieve a consilient valuing as a platform for our survival. One such system of consilient valuing is presentl...
Mark Zelcer
...iefs Matter is a book of philosophy, science, and religion written for a lay audience. Comprised of five loosely connected chapters dealing with a plethora of interesting themes, the book is principally a polemic against inserting metaphysical assumptions into mathematics, science, and religion. The book focuses on the metaphysical worldviews of
Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan
...ns in terms of genetics, physiology, intestinal anatomy, and immune system, pig is particularly a suitable animal species for the modeling of human enteric pathogen infections, immune responses and for vaccine evaluations. These are the basis for the successful establishment of the infection and disease models for human rotavirus, human norovirus and human enterovirus 71 using neonatal gnotobiotic pigs. The differences between germ-free and normal animals in t...
Dana Kay Nelkin
...nversation about the metaphysics of free will, about morality, about moral responsibility and our related emotions and practices, about the pressing practical and moral issues concerning punishment, and about meaning in life. Finally, the book itself is a wonderful manifestation of a commitment to certain intellectual values--including seeing philosophy as an inclusive conversation, and t...
Arshad Ali Khan1, Muhammad Sajid1, Abdur Rab1, Sahib Alam2, Abdul Bari3
...try manure (PM) and Sul- phate of Potash (SOP). All the factors (K-sources, cultivars and years) alone and in combination sig- nificantly affected the growth, yield and fruit quality of tomato. The highest number of leaves plant-1 (75.25) and yield (49.25 t ha-1) were gained by Falcon in 50-50 treatment during, 2010. However, the plant height (134 cm) and fruit size (147.1 cm3) were higher at 25-75 and 75-25 treatment, respec- tively. Whereas, the less number ...
Mohammed Ali Hussain, Zakiya Ahmed Hassan
...30 (leaf area) while the phe- notypic variance ranged from 5.27 to 3473.97 for the same trait. High estimates for the broad sense heritability were found in various plant traits under study. The yield exhibited positive and significant relationship with grains row-1 (0.851) and row ear-1 (0.510). The grains row-1 had positive direct effect on grain yield plant-1 and high positive indirect effect through some traits, so that these traits could be used as an ind...
Hussein Rashid
...emed insulting to the Prophet Muhammad. Such an understanding seems to flow logically from the re- sponse of certain Muslims to the publication of Salman Rushdie’s Satanic Verses in 1989, and of cartoons of Muhammad printed in Jyllands-Postens, a Danish newspaper, in 2005. In addition, the release of a You- Tube film in 2011 called Innocence of Muslims is often cited as a proximate cause of an attack on a US consulate in Benghazi, Libya. This narrative s...
Frank Griffel
...liar depiction of the prophet Muhammad as drawn by the caricaturist Luz, a member of Charlie Hebdo’s staff, who survived the attack on its office simply because he happened to be out at the time. For the magazine’s frequent readers the front page needed no further explanation. Foreign observers, however, did not understand so quickly and when a journalist of Slate.com asked him to explain, Luz said that the drawing is a callback to an earlier 2011 ...
Gerald Misinzo1,*, Tebogo Kgotlele1, Epaphras A. Muse1, Jan Van Doorsselaere2, Mikael Berg3, and Muhammad Munir4
... nucleotide sequence and phylogenetic analysis clus- tered the PPRV from Tandahimba into lineages II and IV. The results give evidence of at least two separate introductions of PPRV into Southern Tanzania, underlining the transboundary nature of the disease, particularly in regions with uncontrolled livestock movements....
Ghazalah Yasmin1*, Mir Ajab Khan2, Nighat Shaheen3, Umbreen Javed Khan4
E-mail | ghazalahrizwan@yahoo.com
Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...e), we studied pollen morphology in three (A. alpinum, A. rumicifolium and A. tortuosum) of five species distributed in Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that Aconogonon is characterized by tricolpate pollen with microspinulose type of exine ornamentation. One distinctive pollen type was recognized on the basis of aperture number and sculpturing of exine under SEM. Based on analyses in the present study, diagnosti...
Yashab Tur
Science, Religion and Culture, Vol. 2, Iss. 2
...ing machines, the telegraph, the steam ships and railways—all coming from countries dimly perceived and barely understood. These fruits of modern science are accompanied by a host of ideas about the emergence and propagation of life on earth which, to the lay believer, seemed outright un-Godly. Marwa Elshakry, now an Associate Professor of History at Columbia University, explores the encounter of the Arab world with these and many other Western technolog...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Salman2, Shah Alam Khan2, Alamzeb1, Inamullah Khan1
... flat-headed borer, Sphenoptera dadkhani (Oben.) is the major insect-pest of stone fruit orchards. Survey of three districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa revealed the highest mean infestation in plum orchards of district Peshawar (89.60%), followed by Nowshera (75.79%) and Swat (45.42%). In peach orchards, highest mean infestation was recorded in Peshawar (88.33%), followed by Nowshera (72.77%) and Swat (53.72%). The mean infestation of 70.86% was recorded i...
Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1
...tments (T1, control; Phosphorus and Potash (PK) (80-60 kg ha-1) + inoculation, T3, (120-80-60 NPK kg ha-1); T4, poultry manure (PM) @ 15 t ha-1 and half PM+ half PK+ inoculation, half poultry manure (7.5 t ha-1) + half PK (40-30 kg ha-1) + inoculation. According to statistical analysis, data revealed that plots treated with PK + inoculation with Rhizobium gave 33% higher mungbean seed yield over control. Similarly, higher values for yield contributing factors ...
Suresh V Kuchipudi* and Kin-Chow Chang
...lity to undergo dramatic phenotypic changes in response to physical demands, age and disease. The contributions of skeletal muscle to immune response and virus pathogenesis are increasingly recognized. Recent evidence strongly indicated that skeletal muscle cells fully support productive replication of influenza A virus (IAV) and could play an important role in disease outcome. We are of the opinion that skeletal muscle cou...
Galina N. Leonova1*, Ilya G. Kondratov2, Sergei I. Belikov2
Hu Zenglei1 and Xiufan Liu1, 2*
...organs, especially in lymphoid tissues. Genotype VIId of NDV, which is currently endemic in many countries of Asian and Middle East, replicates at a significantly higher level, induces more potent innate antiviral and inflammatory response, and causes more severe damages in lymphoid tissues when compared with virulent viruses of other genotypes. Therefore, severe pathology in immune organs, caused by genotype VIId of NDV, is...
Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1
..., leaf area index, chlorophyll content, green fodder yield, dry matter yield, crude protein, crude fiber and ash percentage were significantly increased with increase nitrogen levels (200, 240, and 280 kg N ha-1). However, highest benefit-cost ratio was estimated when 240 kg N ha-1 was applied which was found best compromise between forage yield and quality for maize cultivar Kissan under the agro-climatic conditions of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. The study al...
Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*
.../sup> and inoculation by phosphorus mobilizing microorganisms 2.5 packets ha-1, in addition to control were evaluated under lentil-sorghum and lentil-mungbean cropping patterns. Fertilizer treatments were only applied to lentil while their residual effect was studied on sorghum and mungbean. The results revealed that net benefits and marginal rate of return from NPK were the highest mainly due to high lentil yield...
Josef D. Jarhult1, 2
... is still standard as prophylaxis, treatment of severely ill patients and patients with risk factors for severe influenza disease as well as an important part of pandemic preparedness plans. Resistance development is a potential problem both in treated humans and in the environment. The use of oseltamivir for treatment of uncomplicated influenza in otherwise healthy patients should be questioned....
Hayat Badshah1*, Farman Ullah1, Abid Farid2, Ahmad-U-Rahman Saljoqi1, Sajjad Ahmad3
.... and 12:12 light: dark, photoperiod) during 2012. Results revealed that P. solenopsis successfully and significantly (P<0.05) completed its life cycle along with highest body weight gain on China rose followed by potato. Moreover, P. solenopsis had the best survival (34.2 ± 3.8 days) and reproduction (7.8 ± 0.4 nymphs/adult female) when separated and kept without food from their respective host plants. Chin...
Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Isreal Ogunlade1, Opeyemi Eyitayo Ayinde2
...nsion service delivery emphasize the need for accountability of extension to the end users. This study analysed farmers’ perception of the accountability of agricultural extension services rendered in Oyo State, Nigeria. Structured interview schedule was used in eliciting information from 195 farmers in rural communities across the four agro-ecological zones in the study area using a two-stage random sampling technique. Data used for the study were analy...
Asma Noshad1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Hamida Bibi2, Saifullah3, Salma Bibi4, Hamid Ullah Shah1
...cent mortality of Macrosiphum rosae (rose aphids) and the LC50 values were calculated and used as an indicative of insecticidal potential. The maximum mortality of aphids was achieved at 80 µg mL-1 and the LC50 for the fruit body extract after 24 HRS was calculated as 12.83μg mL-1, followed by the extract from the fermentation filtrate w...
Shahid Iqbal Awan1*, Syed Dilnawaz Ahmad2, Muhammad Amjad Ali3, Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed1, Aurangzeb Rao1
...6 wheat genotypes for morpho-physiological traits. Simple correlation coefficients indicated that grain weight had a significant positive relationship with residual transpiration, osmotic adjustment, cell membrane stability, flag leaf weight, specific flag leaf weight, while negatively correlated with specific flag leaf area. These results indicated the importance of physiological traits a...
Thomas J. Coleman III1*, Ralph W. Hood Jr.1 and John R. Shook2
...icantly. Moreover, these phenomena have been researched, studied and documented by multiple disciplines ranging from cognitive science to religious studies, and from anthropology to sociology. The study of atheism and secularity is of high interest to not only scholars, but also the public in general. In this special issue of Science, Religion & Culture, Guest Edited by John R. Shook, Ralph W. Hood Jr., and Thomas J. Col...
Jonathan Jong
...on religion (and related phenomena, including nonreligion, atheism, and secularity) is invariably prefaced by sheepish attempts to define these terms, followed by apologies for the inevitable inadequacy of the proposed definitions. This paper argues that scholars of religion and nonreligion should accept the fact that “religion” and “nonreligion” are, like all social scientific concepts (and some biological ones), fuzzy categories. Ther...
Ryan T. Cragun1*, Joseph H. Hammer2, Michael Nielsen3
...internal consistency (α > .94) and high test-retest reliability (r = .92). Two exploratory and one confirmatory factor analysis of the NRNSS supported the hypothesized two-factor solution: (a) institutional religiousness and (b) individualistic spirituality. The NRNSS also demonstrated convergent validity through theoretically-expected correlations with established measures of religiousness and spirituality (the Cross-Cultural Dimensions of Religiosit...
Benjamin Beit-Hallahmi
Rabbi Paul Shrell-Fox
...Judaism places a great emphasis on communal deeds rather than cultural creed, the rabbis still feel comfortable functioning in communities, school settings and informal educational roles. We therefore may expect little existential angst; this was found to be only partially true. Some have found other expressions of their talents, while others anxiously await the opportunity to find alternate means of financial support. Specific issues of Jewish dietary practic...
Marcus Mann
... God Delusion, cognitive philosopher Daniel Dennett came out with Breaking the Spell and journalist and literary critic Christopher Hitchens concluded the movement’s must-read canon with God is Not Great. While these four polemics are indicative of each author’s expertise, they are united in their claim that organized religion is an affront to reason and that we ignore its pote...
Rick Repetti
...er read on Buddhist philosophy, a subject I’ve studied for over 40 years, and in this assessment I include both primary and secondary sources, both Western and Buddhist. It is also one of the best philosophy books I’ve ever read—my few (minor) objections notwithstanding. Engaging Buddhism is directed primar...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa and Muhammad Arshad Khan
...n of urea and diammonium phosphate (DAP). Urea at the rate of 608 kg/ha and DAP at the rate of 260 kg/ha was applied on six mulberry varieties. The results showed a deficiency in nitrogen, phosphorus, zinc and manganese in soil before the fertilizer application. Contrarily, high copper and potassium contents were found. After three weeks of fertilizer ap...
Ali Muhammad*, Muhammad Ayub
...dual water were analyzed physicochemically. Result showed that data is significantly different from each other at alpha (α) level ≤ 0.05. Physicochemical analysis showed that decrease was observed in ascorbic acid (15.18 to 7.21), pH (4.56 to 3.9) and TSS (5 to 2.5). Standard deviation showed the least variation in data. Results show that on nutritional basis R...
Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3
E-mail | abdur_rahman@aup.edu.pk
...157: H7 and Salmonella typhymurium. This was aimed to investigate the effects of these acids on the total viable count (TVC) of these bacteria. Three diluted concentra- tions (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0%) of both citric acid and lactic acid were used. A total of 3024 meat samples were collected from cattle slaughtered at Peshawar, Pakistan. Samples were processed and analyzed for TVC of E. coli and S. typhymurium at 0, 48, 144 and 288...
Guoyi Li1, Haiyan Tong1, Jiansheng Chen2, Jinliang Wei2, Xiaoming Zhao2, Guoping Zhang2, Zixue Shi2*
E-mail | shizixue@gmail.com
...: justify;">Japanese encephalitis (JE) is an arthropod-borne disease causing dreadful central nervous system signs and high mortality in adults and children. It is caused by the JE virus (JEV), which belongs to the family Flaviviridae. JEV is endemic to many parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia, where periodic outbreaks take thousands of lives. With rapid globalisation and climatic shift, JEV has started to emerge in previously unaffected ...
Brittany D. Rife 1,2, Marco Salemi 1,2*
E-mail | salemi@pathology.ufl.edu
...lign: justify;">Bayesian phylogeographic analysis has recently been at the forefront of understanding epidemiological processes through the reconstruction of evolutionary history and spatial dissemination of pathogens. Infection of a single host can be viewed similarly as an epidemic spread on a microscale, creating a unique opportunity for the application of phylogeogra
Rick Repetti
...in contemporary analytic philosophy: Peter van Inwagen’s consequence argument, which asserts that if choices are lawfully necessary consequences of prior events, then they are unfree; Derk Pereboom’s two arguments for hard incompatibilism: the manipulation argument, which asserts that manipulated choices are unfree, determinism is functionally equivalent to manipulation, and thus determined ch...
Reviewed by Dr William Patterson
...ying science (with its emphasis on rationality, evidence, experimentation, and observation) and religion (with its emphasis on faith) are intrinsically opposed and that all attempts to reconcile them must result in failure. Coyne has much of use to say on the topic and many of his points are powerfully made. His case is weakened, however, by his incoherent treatment of epistemology. This problem is serious in that it lies at...
Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas Faleye1, Johnson Adekunle Adeniji1, 2 *
...quenced and subjected to phylogenetic analysis. Both sites yielded two isolates each on MCF-7 cell line while on RD cell line one site yielded one and the other seven isolates. None of the twelve isolates replicated on L20B cell line. All were positive for both the panenterovirus 5l-UTR and partial VP1 PCR reactions while only the four isolates recovered on MCF-7 where positive for the EV-C-3Dpol/3’-UTR-PCR assay. The eleven isolates with exploitable VP1...
Elly Vintiadis
...n by a professor of physics at Oxford University who is also a devout Christian. The aim of this book, as the author describes it in the introduction, is to show that scientific study of the natural world and mainstream theistic belief are at ease with each other. It is a main contention of the book that the question of the conflict between science and religion is ill-posed because, properly understood, theism incorporat...
Shumaila Manzoor1, Afshan Ahmed1 and Muhammad Abubakar2*
...bsp;test (SNT) and solid-phase competitive ELISA (SPCE) for foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) structural antibodies detection in terms of their sensitivity and specificity. These methods were performed by using set of sera collected from cattle with foot-and-mouth disease vaccination. The pattern of antibody titers in animals of different age groups was observed as less than 1 year, 1-2 years and more than 2 years for both ELISA and SNT. ...
Youssef Lhor1*, Mounir Khayli1, Mohamed Bouslikhane2, Mehdi El Harrak3, Ouafaa Fassi Fihri2
Email: y.lhor@yahoo.fr
... of these species was bi-phasic and higher from April to June, and October to November 2009. Interestingly, the infectivity rate of BTV was also higher during these periods indicating that high risk of infection is directly proportional to that of transmission vectors. Moreover, results demonstrate that the life stage “bumper” of the female imicola is the indicator of the infecting activity of C. imicola. Collectively, the distr...
Muhammad Zubair, Sajid Mahmood Sajid
...ent of semen....
Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2
E-mail | Tomas.Jinnerot@sva.se
... of culture-negative nasopharyngeal swabs from dogs with (n=57) or without (n=17) clinical signs of CIRD, three resulted PCR-positive for B. bronchiseptica. Altogether, the novel assay is highly specific and sensitive for detection of B. bronchiseptica in clinical samples....
Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman
E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com
...ecticide Imidacloprid on photosynthetic pigments and antioxidative enzymes in Brassica juncea L. cv. alankar was investigated. Forty-day-old pot plants were exposed to different concentrations of the insecticide, ranging from 0 to 40 grams active ingredient per hectare (g.a.i ha-1) through foliar spray. Analyses were done at days 3, 7, and 15 after treatment. Lipid peroxidation rates and contents of proline, ascorbate (ASC), glutathione (GLU), antioxidative en...
Muhammad Arif Zafar1*, Arfan Yousaf1, Murtaz-ul-Hasan1, Faisal Ayub Kiayani1, Matee ul Islam2 and Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1
...ique was used. Herniorrhaphy was done with sliding mattress sutures. After first 10 days post-surgical decompression and administration of fluid, antibiotics and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug, good outcome in the calf was obtained. There was no postoperative complication suggesting that modified two-layer hand-sewn anastomosis technique was a successful technique. It was concluded that traumatic hernia may lead to septic shock and modified two-layer han...
Tauseef Taj Kiani1*, Mozammil Hussain1 and Hidayat ur Rahman2
...ps. Exploitation of this phenom- enon of superior performance of F1 progeny over their parents not only trans gured maize breeding schemes but also constituted the foundation of maize seed industry. Evaluation of per se performance of parental lines and estimation of heterosis and inbreeding depression are prerequisites to start hybrid development program. In this context, we explored heterosis and inbreeding depression in indigenous maize germplasm comprising...
Rick Repetti
...ur bodies, but as our nonphysical souls. On that theology’s “identity thesis,” identity of subjects of experience is preserved through conception, life, death, and the after-life, and thus is capable of preservation in alternate bodies. Thus, God could have created us as better beings in a better world, exhibiting grace and avoiding imperfection. Thus, (b) cannot support God’s satisficing. I entertain an objection that God could create ...
Ghulam Ali Bajwa1, Faizah Abood2, Yusof Bin Ibrahim3
...dm;C, 75% RH and 12:12 h photoperiod. Instar 3rd responded with 100% mortality at 5x107 conidia ml-1, while same level of mortality was recorded in 5th instar at 1x108 conidia ml-1. Instar 5 also showed the lowest mortality (33.3%) at 1x106 conidia ml-1. Median effective concentration (EC50) ranged between 9.87x105 and 21.30x105 conidia ml-1 for 3rd to 5th instars. Median effective time (ET50) ranged between 3.3 days and 8.2 days for different tested concentr...
Mohammad Taghi Karimi
.../p>...
Ali Mohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi
...s with limited degree of physical activity. However, most of young subjects are not recommended to be treated with this method owing to high level of physical activities. KineSpring knee implant system was designed for young subjects with knee OA to reduce knee pain, improve stability and knee function. The aim of this review article is to screen for the available information on knee implant system and to...
Fatemeh Kheiri
...y two sample t-test. The physiological cost index of amputees varied between 0.42 and 0.74 beats per minute. there was no signi cant di erence between the range of motion of ankle, knee, hip and pelvic rang of motions between both sides. The plantar exion moment in prosthesis and sound sides varied from 0.92-0.98 N/BW and 1.19-1.39 N/BW, respectively (p value of di er- ence <0.05). The energy consumption of amputees was high due to reduced walking speed. H...
Rongfei Lu1, 2, Zhiyang Liu1, Peng Fang1, Guangyi Chen1, Feng Sun1, Yongjian Fan1, Yijun Zhou1, Tong Zhou1*
...he RT-qPCR technology, emphasizes the importance of reference genes and enumerates several algorithms to screen reference genes to normalize the RT-qPCR data. Additionally, several possible improvements in the selection of reference genes are discussed....
Jonas Johansson Wensman1*a, Karl-Johan Leuchowius2,3 a, Jiting Yan1, Anna-Lena Berg4, Liv Bode5, Hanns Ludwig5, Sandor Belak6, Ulf Landegren2, Ola Soderberg2, Mikael Berg6
...ein interactions. BDV P (phosphoprotein) and N (nucleoprotein) have previously been reported to interact with several host proteins, thereby interfering with various signaling pathways. In this study, we focused on some of these interactions (BDV P-HMGB1, BDV N/P-Cdc2). First, we used rat glioma cell cultures persistently infected with a laboratory strain of BDV (C6BV ) to establish the assay. Next, in situ PLA was applied t...
Maurice A. Finocchiaro
...lericals,” chiefly philosopher Paul Feyerabend and historian John Heilbron. Their approach is distinctive: it views controversial topics involving the relationship between science and religion from a perspective that is secular-minded, but appreciative of religion, and yet conducted in the belief that such topics are too important to leave to religious believers. This approach also characterizes the work of other Berke...
Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2
...y through improving soil physico-chemical properties and fertility. Two years field experiments were conducted at the Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar- Pakistan (semiarid conditions) to investigate the effect of two green manuring crop species (guar and millet), their incorporation age (40, 70 and 100 days after sowing, DAS) and parts (whole plants incorporation and stubbles incorporation) under varying nitrogen levels (0, 75 and 100 kg ha-1) on...
Rehmat Ullah1*, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan1 and Kalim Ullah2
...association among demographic characteristics and MFSC registration duration and Rank Based Quotient was calculated for problem identification. It was found that machinery was provided to almost half of the respondents. Similarly seed was the most provided input followed by fertilizers. Top most source of agriculture information was input dealers followed by Model Farm Services Center. The top learned skills by respondents in MFSC were the agronomic practices ...
John G. Bruno1*, Chien-Chung Chao2,3, Zhiwen Zhang3, Wei-Mei Ching2,3, Taylor Phillips1, Allison Edge1, Jeffery C. Sivils1
... against Rickettsia typhi (R. typhi) whole cells and individual candidate aptamer sequences were ranked according to affinity by an ELISA-like microplate-screening assay (ELASA). Top three candidate aptamers were then paired in a matrix of all possible capture and reporter aptamer combinations and tested in a fluorescent peroxidase-linked Amplex® UltraRed (AUR; a resazurin-like substrate) version of a rapid...
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El Naggar2, Ahmed M. Helal3, Hussein Ahmed Hussein1 and Neil LeBlanc4
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
...oxin B1 by using reverse phase High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC. Out of total samples Aflatoxin B1 was detected in 33 feed samples, with a percent contamination rate of 83%. The level of aflatoxin B1 ranged from 0 to 225.736 ppb in different feed samples. The maximum level of aflatoxin B1 was detected in cotton seed cake (mean level 137.059 ± 22.293 ppb) followed by wanda, homemade concentrate mixture and ...
Murtaza Ali*, Yasser Durrani and Muhammad Ayub
...0 days and evaluated for physiochemical and sensory parameters (water activity, ash content, percent acidity, pH, moisture content, reducing and non-reducing sugars, taste, texture, color and overall acceptability). Statistically minimum decrease was observed in water activity, pH, moisture content and organoleptic characters. While, stable increase was noted in percent acidity and ash content during storage. It was concluded and recommended on the basis of me...
Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
... (N 46%) and di-ammonium phosphate (N 18% and P 46%), each at sowing time during seedbed preparation and an extra bag of urea in February at stem elongation stage of the crop (each bag 50 kg ha-1). Rests of the cultural practices were kept common to all plots. Both sowing dates and varieties have resulted differences in plant height (cm), spikes m-2, spike weight (g), thousand grains weight (g) which af...
Imtiaz Hussain, M. Sajid, Noor ul Amin, Abdul Mateen Khattak, Abrar Hussain Shah, S. Mussarat Hussain, Sayed Hussain and Nagina Zeb
Mohammad Mushfiqur Rahman1, Rokshana Parvin1, Ataur Rahman Bhuiyan1, Mohammad Giasuddin2, Shah Md. Ziqrul Haq Chowdhury3, Mohammad Rafiqul Islam1, Emdadul Haque Chowdhury1*
... post mortem samples (lymph node, spleen and trachea) of goats and a sheep during the year 2008-2012. The partial N gene of ten isolates and partial F gene of eight isolates were amplified by RT-PCR, and were sequenced. The phylogenetic analysis revealed that PPRVs circulating in Bangladesh belonged to Lineage IV and they formed a separate sub-cluster along with recent isolates from Nepal, Bhutan and China. On genetic analys...
Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2
...st oil blend in terms of physicochemical properties between olive and palm oils. Laboratory experiment on “Effect of stress conditions on the quality and stability of olive and palm oil blends” was conducted at Nuclear Institute for Food and Agriculture (NIFA) Tarnab Peshawar and The University of Agriculture Peshawar KP-Pakistan during 2015. Olive: palm oils treated in sole or admixture at various ratios were kept at different stress conditions fo...
Zahir Shah, Shakoor Ahamd, Mian Saeed Sarwar, Murad Ali Khan and Javid Ali
...hrough clinical sign and physical examination; the area was incised under local anesthesia. After surgical procedure site was closed by applying mattress sutures. Adjunct therapy of broad-spectrum antibiotic was administered intramuscularly for five days as a post-operative measure. Catamnesis revealed that the healing was complete in 14 days with no recurrence and untoward consequences....
Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid
...atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In all the three districts the egg albumen was found to contain significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd and Cr as compared to egg yolk which contains significantly higher levels of essential elements (Fe, Mn and Zn). The mean concentrations of toxic heavy metals; Pb, Cd and Cr in albumen samples collected from Peshawar were 0.13, 0.06 and 0.09 (ppm) respectively. Concentrations of Pb, Cd and Cr in egg albumen of Dir Lower wer...
Mukhtiar Ahmed, Jana Pickova, Taufiq Ahmad, Muhammad Liaquat, Abid Farid, Muhammad Jahangir
...n both triglycerides and phospholipids of food because lipids are divided into two main classes; polar lipids (phospholipids) and neutral lipids (triglycerides). Lipid oxidation has been long been recognized as a major problem in the storage of fatty acids in foods. Oxidation occurs by several molecular mechanisms such as generation of reactive oxygen pr...
Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker
...ks were identified as Boophilus sp. (61.67%), followed by Haemaphysalis sp. (30.0%) and Hyalomma sp. (8.33%) (P=0.00)....
John G. Bruno and Jeffery C. Sivils
...C No. 8739) as well as alpha and gamma intimins and Shiga-like toxin 2 (SLT-2) B subunit verified that the aptamers bound proteins of the correct molecular weights for intact outer membrane proteins (OMPs), intimins and SLT-2. Some bands on the aptamer Western blots were shared between the “Big 6” non-O157 Shiga toxin-producing E. coli (STEC), E. coli O157 and related Gram negative bacteria. However, unrelated Gram positive bacteria exhibited very ...
Ian von Hegner
...ncept of the gods in the philosophical debate has avoided a similar redefinition in light of democracy, despite the fact, that it involves the same negation of modern fundamental rights. The basic democratic idea posits that all of its members have a full and equal status. If this status is generalized to be universally applicable, then it follows that humankind likewise are not second and first class among hypothetical gods...
Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Madeeha Khalid1, Sara Iqbal1, Maira Afzal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...electron microscopy. The physical parameters such as weight and swelling degree of composite were studied. Chitosan starch based composites were used in treatment of waste water to remove a toxic anionic dye Congo red. Congo red solution (0.015 mM) was treated with polymer composite at neutral pH overnight with 150 rpm orbital shaking at room temperature. The same procedure was performed for commercial dyes. The dye was removed due to the interaction with the ...
Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
...30 days and analyzed for physico-chemical composition, functional, textural and sensory quality. The results showed that reduction in fat significantly (p < 0.05) increased the moisture and protein content. The addition of gums further augmented the moisture level owing to owing to their water retention properties. The melt-ability, flow-ability and yield of cheese decreased significantly (p < 0.05) on reducing the fat level, as anticipated. However, the...
Sayeda Sarah and Muhammad Ibrar
...%, 50% and 100%) of rock phosphate (RP) fertilizer on spores density and percent root colonization of selected sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) hybrids in P-deficient soil. It was observed that spore density and AMF root colonization was higher in the soil of control (RP0) plants, which decreases progressively with increasing fertility level. Less number of spores and percent root colonization was found at high RP level (RP1...
Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid
...g System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to identify and record land use changes during past three decades. Detail interviews were also conducted with nomadic and semi-nomadic pastoralists to identify and evaluate the impacts of agriculture land use changes on their pastoral activities. The result shows that since the late 1980’s cash crops cultivation extended from 2880 m asl (above sea level)to 3500 m asl over 1887 ha of pasture...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
...tachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata and Lecanicillium muscarium isolated from root and soil samples collected in Prague, Czech Republic, were cultured on agar media and tested against Meloidogyne hapla both in-vitro and in-vivo. All fungi proved to be efficient in reducing final population of northern root knot nematode M. hapla and giving vigour to the plants. In laboratory experiment, L. muscarium was ...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Rysanek
...management through nematophagous fungus Lecanicillium muscarium with chemical nematicides, Vydate, Basamid (G) and fertilizer, Calcium cyanamide through soil application to control sugar beet cyst nematodes Heterodera schachtii. Lecanicillium muscarium decreased nematode population significantly (P=0.05 and caused reductions in final numbers of cysts per 250 g of soil, eggs and juveniles per cyst. Nematicides effects were not quite significant among each other...
Wan-Long Zhu* and Gao Wenrong
...cues, as temperature and photoperiod, play important roles in animals’ physiological adjustments. In order to determine the contributions of temperature and photoperiod to seasonal changes in body mass and thermogenesis in Apodemus chevrieri, we examined seasonal-acclimatized and lab-acclimated animals on several physiological, hormonal...
Usman Ijaz1, Muhammad Sajid Tahir2, Khalid Abdul Majeed3*, Shahid Iqbal4, Iffat Huma5, S. Firyal6, Ijaz Ahmed7, Shahid Chohan8 and Aamir Riaz Khan9
...single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). SNPs were observed on three loci of the COI gene as compared to reference sequence of Panthera pardus pardus. The specimens found in Pakistan were found to be closely related to Panthera pardus orientalis (Amur Leopard in South eastern Russia) and Panthera pardus japonensis (North Chinese Leopard), with all of these three speculated to be evolved from Panthera pardus pardus in not-so-far past....
Paul I. Ankeli, Mashood A. Raji, Haruna M. Kazeem, Moses O. Odugbo, Nendir J. Umaru, Idowu O. Fagbamila, Livinus T. Ikpa, Obinna O. Nwankiti, Issa A. Muraina, Pam D. Luka and Nicholas D. Nwankpa
...ysed casein. They had no phosphatase activity, did not produce ‘film and spots’ and neither hydrolysed arginine nor urea and were preliminarily identified as members of the Mycoplasma mycoides sub-cluster which comprises Mmm and Mycoplasma mycoides subspecies capri (Mmc). Three (3) of the 8 Mycoplasma isolates were identified as Mmm using the IS1296F/R(all) and MM450/MM451 primer sets. The 574 bp product obtained...
Mazhir Nadeem Ishaq, Li Cui Xia, Rukhsana Rasheed, Zeeshan Ahmad, Muhammad Abdullah
...and Muzzafargrah), geographically located in the southern region of Punjab province of Pakistan. The study analyzed the significance of milk marketing cooperatives by revealing and evaluating possible returns to smallholders in dairy sector. The hypothesis that milk marketing cooperatives are beneficial for milk producers was tested by surveying the cooperatives’ members. Econometric techniques to draw inferences include the application of t-test, binary...
Safdar A. Wahocho, Tanveer F. Miano, Noor U.N. Memon and Niaz A. Wahocho
...ext-align: justify;">The photoperiodic effects on vegetative growth and flower quality of Zinnia (Zinnia elegans Jacq.) were examined during 2015 at the Horticulture orchard, Sindh Agriculture University Tandojam in a three replicated RCBD design. The zinnia plants were grown under four photoperiodic treatments which included T1=Natural photoperiod (Control), T2=4 hours daylight (8 am -12 ...
Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton
...ospects of improved soil physical properties and water productivity by adopting controlled traffic raised bed farming (CTRBF) system, which may be helpful for agriculture sustainability and food security....
Zuhao Huang1, Feiyun Tu2 and Dianhua Ke1*
...>based on Cyt b gene. Morphology, geographical distribution and genetic data suggest the elevation of M. v. americanus to a full species Rufous-crowned Bee-eater M. americanus, supporting the latest taxonomic arrangement by IUCN....
Laila M. Fadda1, Nouf M. Al-Rasheed1, Iman H. Hasan1, Hanaa M. Ali2,3*, Nawal M. Al-Rasheed1,4, Musaed Al-Fayez5, Aly M. Ahmed5, Nada Almutlaq1, Nehal Qasem1 and Reem Khalaf1
...lign: justify;">Acetaminophen (APAP) overdose depleted glutathione (GSH) which lead to liver dysfunction and hence hepatotoxicity. N-acetylcysteine (NAC) is the best antidote for APAP but may induce a variety of side effects. This study was designed to compare the potential impact of NAC with that of Thymoquinone (THQ), and/or Curcumin (CUR) either alone or in combination on liver injury induced by inflammation, oxidative stress in response to APAP toxicity in...
Shagufta Jabeen1, Muhammad Saqlain Raja1, Sadia Saeed1, Muhammad Mobeen Zafar1, Rizwana Abdul Ghani1, Abid Mahmood1, Muhammad Fiaz2, Pakeeza Arzoo Shiaq1, Shahid Mahmood Baig3, S.M. Saqlan Naqvi1 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1*
...dentify the socio-demographic risk factors contributing to increasing susceptibility to heroin addiction in Pakistani populations. In this epidemiological study subjects were interviewed through a comprehensive questionnaire consisting of open and closed-ended questions. Data regarding key factors such as age and ethnicity, communal domain, education level, employment status and demographic factors (drug route, drug dose) ha...
Aqila Shaheen and Mehwish Matien
...nitrogen (TN), available phosphorus (AP), extractable potassium (K) and pH. Statistically (p ≤ 0.05) higher SOC contents of Inceptisols and Mollisols were 14.18 g kg-1 and 23.42 g kg-1, respectively under forest land use. At both sites forest soils had higher SOC and AP while K was higher in grassland use. Forest soils had slightly acidic pH and lower BD than cultivated land uses. Data combined ov...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3*
...nd the other was the monophyletic Gobiinae. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated clade Amblyopinae included all three species and that O. lacepedii has been proved to be a much closer affinity to
Determination of Early Colonizer Urban Blowfly Species Using Small Bait Traps on a University Campus
Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3
...esiprocal Indices). Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia richardsi (Collin) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were identified. C. vicina was found in whole year in 2012 and 2015. All of the fly species identified have forensic importance. The highest taxa richness was observed in 2012, in May (307; 73.80%), while the lowest wa...
Ai Ming Zhou1,2, Guang Wen Liang2, Ling Zeng2, Yong Yue Lu2 and Yi Juan Xu2*
...st ants Tapinoma melanocephalum (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) through interference competition. However, relatively less testing have been done to evaluate the competition for mutual exploitation between the two ant species in the field. Here, we investigated the interference of the fire ant S. invicta on the interactions between the ghost ant T. melanocephalum and the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus solenopsis (Hemiptera: Pseudoc...
Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi
... keys on the basis of morphometric characters. Seventy species belonging to 43 genera and 17 families were recorded from the study area of Indus River. Thirty two species were commercially important. Alpha Diversity Indices study showed that fish diversity of the River was quite rich (species richness, 70) and diverse, (Shannon’s index=3.66), (Simpson-D=0.96), Evenness was also high (Evenness (H/S) =0.55) and Chao-1 (7...
Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen
...ring season 2014-15. Phosphorus (P) was applied at recommended level of 90 kg ha-1. Vermicompost was used as a source of P on the basis of its P concentration. The recommended dose of N @ 120 kg ha-1 was applied in the form of vermicompost and urea, while K was applied in the form of sulphate of potash. Spores of mycorrhiza were isolated from fresh growing crop of berseem at the University research farm and used as inoculums...
Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan
...ocio-economic and demographic characteristics are included in the model. Results indicate that with an increase in the age, household consume more of meat, fruit, wheat and wheat flour, pulses, tea and coffee, backed products and other food in urban region and milk, meat, fruits, vegetables, rice, other cereals, pulses, oil and fats, tea and coffee, backed products and other food in rural region. A significant increase in the consumption of meat, fruits, veget...
Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2
Ayanda Opeyemi Isaac,1,* Oniye Sonnie Joshua2 and Auta Jehu2
...only used herbicides, glyphosate and paraquat was evaluated through changes in fish behaviour and mortality. Juveniles of the African catfish were exposed to varying acute concentrations of glyphosate and paraquat. The fishes responded, exhibiting different behavioural abnormalities like hyperactivity, abnormal swimming, restlessness, loss of equilibrum and haemorrhage. Observation of opercular ventilation count (OVC), tail ...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...he effects of five nematophagous fungi on the population dynamics of this pest in sugar beets in laboratory and greenhouse trials. The fungi chosen were Arthrobotrys oligospora, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, and Lecanicillium muscarium. In the laboratory experiment, S. rugosoannulata proved to be the most efficient biocontrol agent by parasitizing the maximum number of eggs, whereas...
Syeda Farzana Bibi*, Lal Badshah and Siraj-ud-Din
...ctra indicated that Therophytes (53.33%) were the most dominating life form. Leaf size spectra showed that the most abundant leaf size was Microphyll (50%). This study not only gives information about the flora of motorway but can provide a baseline for future studies and plantation of this area. It is suggested that plantation of invasive species should be discouraged which might become problematic in future for the indigen...
Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4
...ing 3-week of May 2009. Aphis gossypii was recorded during the month of March and its maximum population (28.3 individuals / leaf) was observed during 2-week of March 2009. Likewise, Nysius inconspicuous was observed during seeds development and its maximum population (126 individuals / head) was recorded during 4-week of April 2009. Spodoptera spp, Thysanoplusia orichalcea and Heliothus were also found but in small numbers. Among natural enemies, ladybee...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...incognita, and the nematophagous fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium, on tomato. The nematode population densities were measured by determining the number of galls and egg masses, juveniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with antagonistic fungal conidia levels (1×103, 1×104, 1×105, 1×106) were used during the experiments. The roots were stained with Phl...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...e potential of the nematophagous fungus Lecanicillium muscarium and the chemical nematicides Vydate and Basamid (G) with the fertilizer calcium cyanamide in the control of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne hapla, through soil application under greenhouse conditions. A significant (P=0.05) reduction in the number of galls and egg masses, eggs and juveniles (J2), and the reproduction factor (Rf=Pf/Pi) was observed in the plants treated with L. muscarium compared t...
Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*
...nded conformation polymorphism (SSCP) and/or sequencing. No mutation was identified in GPR54 gene, while two mutations in GNRHR gene were observed in one sporadic case of isolated HH. The first was a synonymous substitution mutation of T to G at nucleotide position 123, which did not replace valine with any other amino acid. The other mutation determined at nucleotide position 101, was a missense mutation, which substituted serine with
Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1
...ascribed to reciprocated physiological influences of both somatotropic and gonadal axes, manifested as higher secretion of growth hormone (GH) and testosterone (T). GH and T affect linear growth velocity (LGV) directly through stimulation of chondrocytes and osteoblasts. Furthermore, T promotes LGV through augmentation of GH secretion. Nevertheless, age and developmental stage dependent changes in GH and T and LGV and their associations require further investi...
Pan-pan Guo1, Wei Liu2, Yan Li2, Rui-yu Ma2, Wang Zaigui1*, Kai Zhan2*, Jun-ying Li2 and Sheng-nan Liu2
... identify genetic polymorphisms of the huntingtin (HTT) gene and to further investigate its association with production performances in two Anhui local chicken breeds. A total of 800 chickens (400 Huangshan black chickens and 400 Huainan partridge chickens) of similar age and weight were evaluated in the present study. We extracted DNA from blood samples and analyzed polymorphisms of HTT gene as wells as possible association...
Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2
...method and the total polyphenolic and flavonoids contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. The antiradical scavenging property and the maximum nontoxic concentration of the extract was determined using DPPH assay and MTT method, respectively. Serial concentrations of the extract not exceed the maximum nontoxic concentration were us...
Ali Raza Awan*, Sehrish Firyal, Muhammad Tayyab, Lala Rukh, M. Zia ul Haq, Shagufta Saeed and Muhammad Wasim
...ome b (Cytb) gene polymorphism. Mitochondrial DNA of 24 unrelated Pakistani wild Ring-rose Parakeets was isolated and utilized for amplification and DNA sequencing of Cytb gene. The Phylogenetic analysis of the Cytb gene indicated that the Pakistani wild Rose ringed Parakeet was mono-phyletically claded with P. k. manillensis with a sequence similarity of 99.37%. Comparative analysis indicated 4 Single Nucleotide Polymor
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...stigated the role of peripheral administration of neuromedin S (NMS) on adipokines (adiponectin, leptin and resistin) secretion in 48-h fasting and normal fed adult male Rhesus monkeys. After NMS administration plasma adipokines levels were determined in fed and fasting monkeys. Four intact adult male monkeys were used in this study. 50 nmol of NMS was injected intravenously. Blood samples were collected individually 60 min before and 120 min after NMS adminis...
Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3
...C population, two polymorphic loci in cattle Calpain gene (CAPN1) and one polymorphic locus in Calpastatin gene CAST were studied. In order to sort the allele variants (G/C), PCR products, the ones in CAST with RsaI enzyme, was cut using RFLP method. The allele variants (G/C) of CAPN1 316 and (C/T) of CAPN1 4751 were determined with ARMS-PCR method. This study was conducted to determine three SNPs which were related to meat ...
Tayiba Latif Gulraiz1, Arshad Javid1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Muhammad Shahbaz3, Irfan3 and Sharoon Daud4
...s, Histoplasma and Trichophoton) and six bacterial (Acaligenes, Azotobacter, Bartonella, Nitrsomonas, Pseudomonas and Salmonella) genera were isolated from guano while five fungal (Alternaria, Aspergillus, Chrysosporium, Exophilaand Scopulariopsis) and four bacterial (Bacillus, Corynebacterium, Listeria and Streptomycete) genera were common in bolus and guano samples. Seasonal variations were recorded in occurrence of variou...
Sania Subhan Qureshi, Mian Saeed Sarwar and Zahir Shah
Abdullah Mart1* and Orhan Erman2
...eetles (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae) collected from Bingöl province between May 2003-October 2004 have been described....
Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6
....52% – 13.12%. Phosphorus was found as 0.21%–1.8%. In fish meal preparation, 24 species belonging to different families were noted in which the most abundantly used species were sardine (Dussumieria acuta), mullet (Liza carinata, L. subviridis), herring (Chirocentrus dorab), elongated sole (Solia elongate), black fin sea bream (Acanthopagrus berda), grunts (Pomadasys hasta), croaker (Otolithus ruber), silver sillago (Sillago sihama), sea perch (Lat...
Sabri Unal1, ASır Er2, Erol Akkuzu1* and Lubomir Salek3
...n order to determine the phenology of the predator Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and to evaluate its efficacy on Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Kastamonu, Turkey. Rearing of C. septempunctata was carried out at 21.3±4.00ºC and 78.8±9.44% relative humidity. The first, second, third and fourth larval instars of C. se...
Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud1,2, Fathy A. Abdel-Ghaffar2, Azza El-Amir2, Gamal Badr3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy1*
...vealed an increase in lymphocytes, monocytes and granulocytes count in plasma samples of the live P. chabaudi infected group in comparison to either the control or the gamma irradiated P. chabaudi infected group. Additionally, live P. chabaudi infection has resulted in histopathological changes and increased apoptotic cell death in splenic tissue of infected mice. Moreover, infection with live P. chabaudi was accompanied with an increase in NO, H2O2, and MDA l...
Dallin D. Oaks and Cynthia L. Hallen
...he important role of metaphors in interfaith understanding has received significant attention. The pervasiveness of certain metaphors in the lives of members of a religious community is especially significant when they are incorporated into sacred texts. This would seem to be the case not only for Judaism, Islam, and mainline Christianity, but also for Mormonism, a distinctive branch of Christianity. Officially known as The ...
Imed Ben Salem*, Aymen Ben Ibrahim, M’barek Chetoui and Said Nouira
...This study deals with morphs-genetic analysis of eight species viz. Lemniscomys barbarus, L. bellieri, L. griselda, L. limulus, L. macculus, L. rosalia, L. striatus and L. zebra; which have practically similar external morphologies although they spread in completely different geographical areas. The approach adopted was to identify landmarks on the skulls of all specimens using the tpsDig ...
Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2
...d levels were determined photometrically. The levels decreased significantly at all tested doses. Intermittent administration of Kisspeptin –10 negatively regulates the prostatic citric acid levels in adult male mice....
Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2
.... These include mustard aphids (Lipaphis erysimi) cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis), grain moth eggs (Sitotroga cerealella) and honey. Results revealed complete development of all larval stages on all diets with maximum survival of lady bird beetle larvae on mustard aphid (76.6%) followed by on grain moth’s eggs (20%), immature mealybugs (6%) and the least survival on honey. T...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
...ta (Saunder) (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a major pest of fruits causing severe losses to the fruit production and quality in Pakistan. Its management has largely relied upon the indiscriminate and injudicious use of conventional insecticides resulting in problem of insecticide resistance, environmental pollution, fruit contamination and health hazards. The major goal of the present study was to evaluate the effectiveness of a bio-insecticide, emamectin benzoate ...
Abdul Mannan Babar1* and Abdul Hannan Nagi2
...fy;">Keloids and hypertrophic scars are an exaggeration of fibroplasia in dermal repair. Keloids are found solely in humankind, and not in animals. Thus far no practicable animal model of Keloid has been made. Recently a prototype rabbit ear keloid model has been produced by the authors by giving Transforming Growth Factor Beta 1 injection, and then skin punch excision on rabbit ear. In the present follow-up study consisting of eight refind techniques, best K...
Atta ur Rehman1, Sher Ali2 and Sajid Malik2*
...ention due to the demographic transitions caused by recurrent displacements, fragmentation and migrations. In order to observe the genetic differentiation in lower Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) region, ABO and Rh blood groups record of nine Pashtun populations, i.e., Bannu, Dera Ismail Khan, Hangu, Karak, Kohat, Kurram Agency, Lakki Marwat, South Waziristan Agency, and Tank, was collected. Absolute gene diversity, gene differentiation and genetic diversity were est...
Muhammad Raheel1,*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3 and Sohail Ahmed4
.... feltiae and H. bacteriophora. G. mellonella larvae were exposed to 300 IJs of each species. After inoculation at different temperatures, the reproductive potential of EPNs increased with increasing temperature and was found to be the best at 25oC. No EPNs species could reproduce at 5oC. S. feltiae started reproduction at 10oC, while all remaining species reproduced at 15oC or higher temperatures. Maximum numbers of IJs were recovered from H. bacterio
Ahmed Samy, Wesam Mady, Naglaa M. Haggag, Samah H. Mohamed, Ebtissam N. AlShamy, M.K. Hassan
...nd RSF/1) in chicken peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC). Hemagglutinin gene sequence analysis of the two strains reveal high similarity with difference close to cleavage site (HARSSR/ GLF) and (PARSSR/GLF) for V3 and RSF/1 respectively. Results of growth kinetics in PBMCs showed that V3 replicated more efficiently comparing to RSF/1 at all-time points. Further, strain V3 induced significant up-regulation of IL-1b and IL-6 at 24 hours post infections (hp...
G.E. Odo1*, E.J. Agwu1, N.I. Ossai2, C.O. Ezea3, J. Madu1 and V. Eneje2
...ign: justify;">Aluminium phosphide is a cheap, effective and commonly used pesticide in agriculture for pest control in Nigeria. This study investigated the effects of aluminium phosphide on the behaviour, haematology, oxidative stress biomarkers and biochemistry of African catfish (C. gariepinus) juvenile on days 7, 14, 21 and 28. Fish were exposed to 0...
KM Fakhrul-Islam, Mohammad Shah Jalal, Sonnet Poddr, Md Nurul Quader, Md Sahidur-Rahman, Avijit Dutta and Shuvo Mazumder
...e treatment given was sulphonamaide or amoxicillin along with other supportive drugs. The recovery rate was 60-80%....
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
Sezgi Arman* and Sema Isisag Ucuncu
Noor Us Saher1, Zunaira Amanat2, M. Asif Gondal3 and Naureen Aziz Qureshi4,*
... P<0.005). Various morphometrical relationships were demonstrated that the males of M. planipes and A. lunaris were larger in size and heavier than females (4.34g ± 0.9g; 14.86 ± 6.8g and 3.87g ± 0.6g; 11.66 g ± 5.4 g) respectively. There was a negative allometry for both male and females of M. planipes and A. lunaris for length and weight relationship. The estimated carapace size at onset of sexual maturity was 3.2 cm and 3.3 cm...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
...nvironmental factors and phytoplankton biomass are investigated in Lake Nansihu. A total of 76 zooplankton species were identified in the lake, including 17 protozoa, 36 rotifera, 12 cladocera and 11 copepods species, respectively. Zooplankton species richness changed slightly in the four seasons but varied a lot in different positions. Protozoa was absolutely dominated in zooplankton abundance and its mean value ranged from 2710.2 ind./L in winter to 4259.5 i...
Jixue Hou1,2, Xueling Chen3, Jing Wang4, Hongwei Zhang2, Yu Xi2, Jie Xia2, Xinyu Peng2,* and Xiangwei Wu2,5*
...erful tool to study pathophysiologic process of cardiovascular disease, but for a long time it is just limited to large animals, like pigs, rabbits, and big rats. The mice with reproduction fast cycle, lower costing, and close to human genes, can be showed about some phenomenon quickly, also more easy to form model of atherosclerosis. Thus, a mouse model of vascular injury is vitally important for researching the patho
Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*
...spectrum of neurological phenotypes seen in human diseases. On the contrary, pigs, especially mini-pigs, show exciting potential for modeling human CNS diseases due to similarities in body size, anatomy, life span, CNS structure and neurobiology. Previously, via the somatic cell nuclear transfer technique, we successfully generated transgenic Guangxi Bama mini-pigs carrying a fluorescent protein (DsRed) reporter gene regulated by the 2.2-kb human glial fibrill...
Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...text-align: justify;">Staphylococcus aureus along with other coagulase negative Staphylococci are among the major mastitis causing organisms. Consumers of milk and milk products from mastitic animals are at high risk of foodborne infections. Escalating antibiotic resistance strived us to explore the alternate option to control mastitis. In ongoing era, bacteriophages are an alternate possi...
Shazia Irfan1*, Asima Rani1, Muhammad Arshad2 and Razia Bashir1
...several pathological and physiological conditions. One of them is Rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The exact cause of RA is still unknown. Reduced activity of antioxidants enzymes because of polymorphisms in antioxidant genes and variations in levels of metals and minerals creates oxidative stress may play some role in progression and pathogenesis of RA. The objective of this study was to investigate the role of Superoxide dismuta...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
...ins were subjected to morphological, physiological and biochemical characterization. 16SrRNA sequencing was performed to identify three highly resistant strains at species level. Antimicrobial activity of aqueous and methanolic plant extracts of Camellia sinensis (Green tea), Syzygium aromaticum (Clove) and Mentha piperita (Peppermint) was evaluated against identified isolates. Agar well diffusion assay was used to monitor t...
Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*
...hroated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) is endemic to western China and is known to cooperatively breed in a population habituated to supplemental feeding by humans. The social structure and demography of this species, however, have not been examined in natural populations. To determine if cooperative breeding occurs in populations unassociated with humans, we surveyed two natural populations in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonom...
Sidra-Tul-Muntaha1, Muhammad Sagheer1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan1 and Shahbaz Talib Sahi2
...amethrin) on three geographical populations of Callosobruchus chinensis collected during 2013 from Faisalabad, Multan and Nankana districts of Punjab, Pakistan. Three concentrations of each plant extract (5, 10, 15 and 20%) and synthetic pyrethroids (0.01, 0.02 and 0.03%) were evaluated in this study. We observed significant results with each treatment. For both repellent and growth inhibitory effects, A. indica and deltamethrin were most efficient among plant...
Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran
...nificantly improved soil physical and chemical properties as well as spinach growth compared to other fertilizers with EM. Maximum soil organic matter content (OM) and K was observed in treatment where pressmud was co-applied with EM. While greater N and P were found where compost and poultry manure were co-applied with EM respectively. Significant (P < 0.05) increase in plant height (11%), number of leaves (124%), fresh foliage yield (136%), dry foliage yi...
Fida Mohammad, O.S. Abdalla, Sheraz Ahmed, Fakharuddin and S. Rajaram
...ltivars was planted in alpha lattice design with three replications. Genotypes exhibited significant (p≤0.01) variations for all the studied traits excluding biomass. Genotype by environment interactions (GEI) were significant for all the characters except for thousand kernel weight. The influences of yield components on grain yield were explained by the cluster analysis of environments. Clustering of five test environments based on Shifted Multiplicative M...
Mariano Gastón Asla
...t also in literature and philosophy. Epicurus, William of Ockham, Immanuel Kant or Michael Ruse, to name just a few examples, have used this kind of fictions to analyze and defend very different arguments. Currently, this interest has not diminished. On the contrary, it has spread to other disciplines, including the natural sciences. In fact, this interest does not entail just an expansive theoretical movement, but also the ...
Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar
...d in ARC GIS 10.1. Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based set of procedures used to store and analyze geographically-referenced data. Primary data about crop yield and per acre production, new seed and crop varieties etc. was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 household were surveyed which make 45 percent of the total (114 households). The analysis of acquired data reveals that ...
Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi
...suitable and used for morphological evaluation, phenotypic diversity analysis and their flowering behavior sugarcane under local conditions. Two year data revealed that genotype HSF-242 showed maximum mean values for, internodes length, brix percentage and reducing sugar while S-08-FSD-19 showed maximum values for number of tillers and stem girth, whereas S-05-FSD-307 revealed maximum values for plant height and number of no...
Muhammad Aslam Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Niamatullah
... on fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of Dhakki date palm. Data were recorded for spath length, width, number of strands/spath, number of flower per strands, number of spath per tree, weight of pollen grain/spath, weight of pollen grain/tree, pollen viability, fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics. The results indicated that males were significantly differed from one another in all these c...
Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir
... F3. Soil nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium after wheat-maize cropping rotations significantly responded to tillage, residues and organic and inorganic fertilizers. These results suggest that deep tillage has the potential to increase crop yield and WUE of wheat-maize cropping system in mountainous and sub-humid conditions....
Sana Irshad Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal2, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Shaukat Hussain3
...results against selected phytopathogens compared to GNB medium and selected for further study. Crude (1 µg.mL-1 ) obtained from PDB medium showed 2.50 ± 0.64 mm and 1.97 ± 0.21 mm inhibition zone against X. campestris and C. michiganensis respectively compared to positive reference (streptomycin) and negative refrence (EtOAc) using disc diffusion method. However, the same concentration of crude (1 µg.mL-1) showed 62.20 ± 2.51% ...
Zaffar Malik, Moazzam Jamil, Ghulam Hassan Abassi, Muhammmad Nafees, Muhammad Rafey and Muhammad Kamran
...f soil amendments on the physico-mechanical properties of vertic soils were studied. The potential soil amendments were fly ash (FA) and three types of biochar (straw biochar (SB), woodchips biochar (WCB), waste water sludge biochar (WSB). The physical and mechanical parameters of vertic soil like soil consistency limits like plastic limit (PL), liquid limit (LL) and plasticity index (PI), tensile strength (TS), shear streng...
Zamarud Shah, Safdar Hussain Shah, Asad Jan and Gul Shad Ali
...as recorded in the chlorophyll content of overexpression lines whereas significant decrease was recorded in the chlorophyll content of WT plants following heat stress. Similarly, no significant reduction in the water content of the leaves of overexpression lines was recorded compared to 33.87% reduction in leaf water content of WT plants as a result of heat stress. Furthermore, overexpression lines accumulated significantly ...
Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin
...lanatory aptitude and graphical demonstration....
Gökhan Kuş1,*, Hatice Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Emre Comlekci3
...mide is a metabolite in sphingolipid pathway of the cells that has an ability to promote cell death in tumor cells when produced endogenously in the cells or applied exogenously. Ceramidases, which are main component of ceramide pathway catalyze metabolism of proapoptotic ceramide to anti-apoptotic sphingosine and other fatty acids. In this study we have evaluated the pro-apoptotic effect of ceranib-2, a human ceramidase inh...
Eman Mahmoud El-Diasty1,Madeha Abd El-Halim Ibrahim2 and Ghada Kamal El Khalafawy2,*
...n fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was applied for identification of Candida species, Cryptococcus albidus, Saccharomyces, Trichosporn, Torulopsis and Rhodotorula. Using universal primers ITS1-5.8S-ITS4 amplified ITS region. And it yielded a unique PCR size of approximately 376-930 bp. PCR amplicons were digested with enzyme MspI and the generated bans corresponded to the predicted size.
...
S. Bushra1,*, M. Tariq1, M. Naeem1, M. Ashfaq1, I. Bodlah1 and M. Ali2
...="text-align: justify;">Aphids are the major pests of plant crops in temperate areas of the world. They are monophagous as well as polyphagous and damage wheat, oilseeds, vegetables and fruit crops. This study was carried out to observe the effect of plant extracts and semiochemicals on physiology and performance of endoparasitoid of a
Muhammad Arshad1*, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2*, Faisal Hafeez3, Ravaid Sherazi1 and Naeem Iqbal4
...>L.) and four different aphid species (spinach aphid, Aphis fabae Scopoli; coriander aphid, Hyadaphis coriandri (Das); cabbage aphid, Brevicoryne brassicae L.;pea aphid, Acyrthosiphon pisu...
Waheed Anwar*, Muhammad S. Haider, Ahmad A. Shahid, Hamid Mushtaq, Usman Hameed, Muhammad Zia Ur Rehman and Muhammad Javed Iqbal
... Aleyrodidae, Aphididae and Coccidae of the order Hemiptera, suborder Sternorrhyncha, were isolatedfrom three different agroecological zones of Pakistan. Fusarium equiseti, Fusarium solani, Fusarium incarnatum and Fusarium sp. along with other fungi were isolated and characterized morphologically as well as genetically by amplifying internal transcribed spacer region (I...
Wan-Long Zhu1 and Guang Yang2,*
...gulation under different photoperiods in Eothenomys miletus, body mass, food intake, serum leptin levels and hypothalamic neuropeptide neuropeptide Y (NPY), Agouti related peptide (AgRP), pro-opiomelanocortin (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expressions were measured. The results showed that short photoperiod reduced body mass and body fat mass, and increa...
Effect of Supplemented Algal Carotenoid Diets on Skin Color of Tomato Clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus
Muge Aliye Hekimoglu*, Kgrşat Fırat, Şahin Saka, Cüney Suzer, Aysun Kop and Yaşar Durmaz
...is oculata and Porphyridium cruentum as natural pigment sources on skin color of tomato clownfish, Amphiprion frenatus. Two groups, each of 6 fish were fed on feed containing (69.8±9.158 mg.g-1) N. oculata (Group A), and 67.21±7.068 mg.g-1 of P. cruentum (Group B). The third group (Group C) was fed on control basal diet (34.93±29.07 mg.g-1)...
Blood Selenium and Vitamin E Levels in Heifers: Regional and Seasonal Differences in Northern Cyprus
Serkan Sayiner1* and Hilal Karagul2
...inter months. For the Morphou region we advise that feed supplements should be added during summer due to low levels of selenium found in roughages.
...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
...il health within a geographical region. Family richness, diversity, abundance and evenness of soil inhabiting Mesostigmata mites in cultivated and undisturbed soil were estimated from five different localities of Punjab, Pakistan in 2014. Family richness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as compared to the cultivated soil in all the localities, while low variability in evenness had been found. The highest diversity of soi...
Naime Zülâl Elekcioğlu*
... rate of Citrostichus phyllocnistoides was evaluated on Phyllocnistis citrella at nine constant temperatures ranging from 15ºC±1 to 35ºC±1 in 2.5ºC increments in the laboratory. Developmental periods of immature stages ranged from 34.98 days at 15ºC to 9.15 days at 35ºC. The lower developmental threshold for C. phyllocnistoides estimated was 8.93°C. Mortality ra...
Lingtong Ye1, Chao Cao1,2, Bin Tang1,2, Tuo Yao1, Ruixuan Wang1 and Jiangyong Wang1*
...pproach that combines morphology and molecular analysis of the mitochondrial cytochrome c oxidase subunit 1 (COI) gene. Adult P. websteri exhibit a high degree of morphological plasticity in the palp pigmentation pattern, the shape of the anterior edge of the prostomium, the shape of the major spines on chaetiger 5, and the shape of the pygidium. The COI gene sequence demonstrated that the intraspecific distance of
Mahanama De Zoysa1, Si-yun Ryu1, Hyeon-cheol Kim2 and Bae Keun Park1*
...n Korea. Based on the morphological comparison with all Argulus species, isolated fish lice was identified as Argulus japonicus Thiele, 1899. A. japonicus is native to Asia, which also is a habitat for its typical hosts, such as goldfish and common koi carp (Cyprinus carpio). A. japonicus has not previously been described from goldfish from the ornamental facilities in Korean. This is the first report of A. japonicus m...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel*, Asad Ullah and Abdur Rashid
...vey was conducted in two phases i.e. December 21-24 in Kalam and December 26-29 in Mankial valleys. Vintage point count surveys revealed that the Markhor preferred habitats in Kalam and Mankial valleys in District Swat. Among the six sub valleys of Kalam, only Shahoo and Mahodand valleys have some population of Flare-horned Markhor whereas in Mankial the sub valleys of Basharai, Tanazgah and Bara Dara are the main habitats of this Markhor. The total num...
Zafrullah Khan1, Shah Alam Khan1*, Hamayoon Khan2, Naeem Khan3, Khwaja Junaid1 and Inamullah Khan1
...stify;">Bird cherry oat aphid (Rhopalosiphum padi L.) is a serious pest of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) crop and causes significant production losses to the wheat crop in Pakistan. So far eight genes from the conventional wheat cultivars that are resistant to the attack of R. padi have been incorporated in the commercial wheat cultivars to help manage R. padi. During this study seven wheat ...
Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...e with MTT assay, the morphological changes with an inverted microscope, apoptosis using flow cytometry and statistical significance with one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. IC50 values of licofelone were determined as 171 µM for 24 h and 140 µM for 48 h applications. Used as a positive control, 250 µM 5-Fluorouracil decreased the cell survival by only 40 % after 48 h, but licofelone tre...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
... tolerance/resistance in phosphine-tolerant populations. The level of total esterases, carboxyl esterases, choline esterases, acetylcholine esterases and aryl esterases were determined in 4th & 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of phosphine-tolerant populations (previously exposed to phos
Muhammad Luqman Sohail1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor2, Omer Naseer1 and Muhammad Usman Saleem3
...cytes count (TLC), neutrophils, eosinophils, basophils, lymphocytes, monocytes, red cell distribution width (RDW) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV) were increased significantly (P < 0.05) which indicated hemolytic anemia. While, serum biochemistry showed significant elevation in alanine transaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline
Amjad Islam Aqib1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Riaz Hussain3, Saba Sana2, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Kashif Hussain1 and Syed Saleem Ahmad1
...n were studied for Staphylococcus aureus mastitis infection, associated risk factors and subsequently their antimicrobial susceptibility.The milk samples were screened with surf field mastitis test and furthered to biochemical analysis. Pearson’ Chi-square test at nighty five percent confidence interval was used to analyze the collected data. Antibiotic sensitivity was checked with twenty four antibiotics by disc diffusion method. Over all mastiti...
Rashid Mahmood1,*, Waqar Ahmad1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Anjum Shahzad2
...population decline of Syrphids and Non-Apis bees. Syrphids were recorded as 12.65 to 13.85 per 250 flowers in 2013 but decreased in year 2014 by 7.82 to 7.88 per 250 flowers and Non-Apis bees was recorded as 6.15 to 7.59 per 250 flowers in 2013 which also decreased and recorded as 5.35 to 5.70 per 250 flowers in year 2014. The results showed the trends of increase in population of Apis mellifera and Apis cerana...
Jun Cui, Xiaoxu Zhou, Zhicheng Wang, Derong Kong, Xuemei Qiu, Hongdi Wang and Xiuli Wang*
...9. The CcWap65 is a hydrophilic protein and no trans-membrane topological proteins. The SMART analysis revealed that CcWap65 contains three hemopexin-like repeats (E-value < 0.05). The crucian carp Wap65 was mainly expressed in liver, with limited expression observed in intestine, skeletal muscle and kidney. CcWap65 was significantly up-regulated in the liver of crucian carp after heat stress, suggesting that increase in Wap65 gene may be rela...
Faiz Muhammad,1, 2,*, Zhang Zhi-Feng,1, Shao Ming-Yu1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...t investigation the Cyclophilin A (CypA) of white leg shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) has been cloned by rapid amplification of cDNA (RACE) and anchored PCR method. The full length of the (LvCypA) had 855 bp, containing 495 bp of open reading frame (ORF), encoding 164 amino acids with an estimated molecular mass of 17.6 kDa. The LvCypA has four β- strands. Tissue distribution of the LvCypA after real time analysis revealed that expressi...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...aims to determine the morphological features of amphistome adults and eggs combined with examining pathological, hematological and bile biochemical response in buffaloes to Gigantocotyle explanatum infection. Of the 558 slaughtered buffaloes from central Punjab, Pakistan, 18.99% were infected, and morphometric analyses were made of 115 mature amph...
Andrea Rezic1, Ivica Boskovic2, Piera Lubinu3, Marina Piria1, Tihomir Florijancic2, Massimo Scandura3 and Nikica Sprem1*
...: justify;">Geometric morphometrics analyses are now often used to examine morphological variation in carnivore skull. Differences in golden jackal skull shape and size due to sexual dimorphism were examined using two dimensional geometric morphometrics approach. A total of 21 landmarks described the dorsal side of the skull and lateral side of the mandi...
Rashid Ahmed Khan* and Muhammed Naveed
K.N. ArulJothi1, M. Abinaya1, B. Suruthi Abirami1, Melvin George2, S. Elangovan3 and A. Devi1*
...The effect of the polymorphisms in the gene have varying influences on lipid levels and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in different populations. In this study, we investigated the association of rs5888 polymorphism with serum lipid levels and CVD risk in an Indian population. A total of 412 samples which included 148 myocardial infarction survivors, 162 Normolipidemic healthy controls and 102 patients with hyper...
Zafar Iqbal1* and Muhammad Khurshid2
...rimers. ToLCNDV is geographically wide spread Begomovirus (Family Geminiviridae), considered as a close relative of TYLCV, and cause severe losses for many economical important crops in tropical and subtropical regions of the world. This is the first report of the use of heterologous polyclonal antibodies (PAbs), raised against a geographically distinct begomovirus, ToLCNDV. The described results have shown to exhibit a many...
Hui Zhang2, Yajing Wang2, Kun Li2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Rui Gui2, Yanfang Lan2 and Houqiang Luo1,2*
...: justify;">The avian lymphoid leukosis is caused by various avian retroviruses which induce a variety of benign and malignant neoplasm in domestic chickens with subsequent economic losses to poultry industry. Effected birds show lymphocyte tumor, abnormal proliferation and series of tumors in connective tissues and other visceral organs. To evaluate the status of lymphoid leukosis virussu...
Akbar Ali1,*, Khalil Mohamed2 and Fawzia Toulah3
... of Saudi Arabia. Demographic data was recorded. Specific Toxoplasma gondii IgG and IgM were detected in serum by ELISA method. Toxoplasma gondii DNA was detected using PCR. Most women were in the 20-29 years age group (48%), followed by 30-39 years (33%) and >40 years (14%). Overall prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii IgG was seen in 12%, with significantly more in women with age more than 30 years as compared to those with age less than 3...
Eman M. Farghaly1, Ahmed Samy1,2*, Heba Roshdy
... as Escherichia Coli, Staphylococcus aureus Salmonella and Pasteurella spp. in Egyptian quail farms. Such information is important for drug choice and success of treatment as well as spotting the light on emerging antimicrobial resistance that represent major concern for public health. A total one hundred swabs and 500 organ samples were collected from apparently healthy and freshly dead quails respectively. Bacterial isolation and characterization were perfor...
Abdul Wajid Khalil and Zafar Iqbal
...ential amino acid, Tryptophan (6.23±0.06g/100g), Arginine (3.49±0.08 g/100g), Phenylalanine (1.77±0.08 g/100g) were recorded higher in roots as compared to the aerial parts of B. procumbens. It is concluded that aerial parts may serve as a supplement for human diet as well as fodder for livestock. Detailed studies on amino acid of roots are recommended to determine and isolate compounds responsible for the specific therapeutic properties.<...
Sheraz Ahmed and Fida Mohammad
...-2, E-4 and E-6) using alpha lattice design with three replicates during 2012/13, 2013/14 and 2014/15. Heritability in broad sense was generally low for all traits except nicotine and reducing sugar. Days to flowering was the most environment responsive trait and its heritability fluctuated between 0.22 and 0.91. Plant height was significantly associated with yield at phenotypic level only. Yield exhibited significantly nega...
Abdul Malik1,4, Ghulam Abbas1*, Hameeda Kalhoro2, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Syed Sajjad A. Shah4 and Halima Kalhoro3
Mirza Imran Shahzad1,*, Anna Iqbal2, Farrah Ali1, Nuzhat Sial3, Muhammad Ashfaq4, Abul Hasanat5 and Azra Khanum6
...ncluding Salmonella typhi, Escherichia coli, Pasteuralla multocida, Lactobacillus bulgaricus, Micrococcus luteus and Staphylococcus aureius were used against each other to evaluate their antimicrobial activities. All of bacteria were cultured in LB media and further the culture of each bacterium was divided into three parts, the first part was centrifuged in order to collect supernatant. While the second and th...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...basis of cultural and morphological characters by using slide culture technique. While mean moisture percentage was recorded as 5.3% with a significant difference (P<0.05), the pH was noted to be slightly acidic with non-significant difference (P>0.05) among seasons. Overall mean viable fungal count was 4.72 × 103±708 with a significant association (P<0.05) among seasons. Out comes from study showed that, 44.8% of the assayed s...
Mohammad Raoofi and Mohammad Taghi Alebrahim
...tional value and some morphological traits of alfalfa, forage crop, as factorial and based on a randomized complete block design with three replications in two cuttings during 2013-14 crop years. The experimental treatments were weed interference and non-interference in two levels (hand weeding and non-hand weeding) and plant density in four levels (20, 40, 60 and 80 stems per square meter). The results obtained in two cuttings in the third year of established...
Cansu Akbulut1,*, Tuğba Kotil2, Burcu Öztürk1 and Nazan Deniz Yön1
...ization, mitotic catastrophe in mitochondria , chromatin condensation, mitochondrial vesiculation and dispersion at ooplasm were observed. In mitochondria, mitotic catastrophe , vesiculation, swelling and loss of organization of cristae were detected.Here we showed that TiO2 exposure trigger paraptotic type cell death in zebrafish ovary.
...
Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*
...n Beetle (ALB), Anoplophora glabripennis. It further provides a brief impression of ALB’s biological characteristics, ecology, chemical ecosystem, economic significance, and management. Beetles in the Cerambycidae family have implicit increasing importance as pests of green forest in addition to shade trees, shrubs, and pink wood products as well as vectors of tree ailments. The alien species related to hardwood packing substances have been remark...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...uencing (RNA-seq) in peripheral blood mononucleated cell (PBMC) of piglets, Large White x Landrace crossbreds, infected with live strain PED virus (PEDV). Several gene ontology (GO) and differentially expressed gene (DEG) are also identified by RNA-seq. The analyzed transcriptome provides the 1805 DEGs and gene networks involving cellular processes. Between vaccinated and unvaccinated groups, there were 13 and 17 up- and down-regulated DEGs (2-fold; FDR < 0...
Habib Ullah Khan1*, Saleem Ullah1, Hamid Ullah Shah1, Muhammad Arif2
Muhammad Waqas1*, Anwar Ali Shad1, Omaira Bashir2 and Mohsin Iqbal3
...f carotenoids consisting phytoene (3.15%) followed by phytofluene (2.31%), β-carotene (2.11%), cis-lycopene (1.71%), lutein (1.51%), cis-ζ-carotene (0.61%), ζ-carotene (0.56%), and γ-carotene (0.52%). Lycopene was found in highest amount (87.52 %). Antioxidant activity of carotenoids from tomato peel was assessed by measuring Rancimat’s test and diphenyl-1-picryl...
M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*
...ent, branch development, phenology, yield components, yield and fiber quality attributes of cotton. Yield and quality of cotton were significantly higher when crop was grown from seeds stored in polythene bag as compared to cloth bag. Interaction of genotypes and seed sources indicated that highest sympodial branches plant-1 (19.11), days to 50% flowering and boll splitting (72.00 and 156.33, respectively), number of bolls plant-1 (20.33), boll weight (4.60 g)...
John G. Bruno
...kettsii and Rickettsia typhi. A feasibility study was conducted to generate anti-idiotypic aptamers against Fab fragments of these antibodies and to determine if the aptamers were capable of emulating rickettsial antigens to enable sensitive detection of rickettsia exposure in humans who have seroconverted. Such anti-idiotypic aptamer antigens might also serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five...
Wesam Hasan Mohamed Mady 1*, Bing Liu2, Dong Huang2, A. Arafa1, M.K. Hassan1, M.M. Aly1, Pucheng Chen2, Yongping Jiang2* and Hualan Chen2
...course of infections, oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from all chickens at 3, 5 and 7 days post-challenge (p.c.) for virus titration in eggs. Data indicated that all chickens vaccinated with pCA-Egy-H9 were fully protected without clinical signs and virus shedding. Our results revealed that the pCA-Egy-H9 plasmid DNA vaccine could induce complete protection in chickens against H9N2 virus challenge and may propose an alternative strategy to contr...
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2,*, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Khalid Javed Iqbal4 and FarmanUllah5
...">Specimens of Rhinilophus ferrumequinum (n = 2) and R. lepidus (n =3) were captured from Malakand district, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa during a three years survey extending from June 2010 through May 2013. Mean body mass of the captured R. ferrumequinum specimens was 18.45 ± 0.35 g, head and body length was 60.11 ± 1.42 mm and forearm length was 60.01 ± 1.41 mm. Similarly, average greatest length of skull was 23.35 ± 0...
Sadiq Ali* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan
... weed (Parthenium hysterophorus L.) is an annual, herbaceous invasive weed but it is perennial in Pakistan. Parthenium weed is a weed of a national significance in Pakistan. Although, parthenium weed is infesting many parts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, but more affected regions are Peshawar valley and Hazara division where it has enormously invaded most of the open spaces like roadsides, wasteland and water ways resulting in loss of local biodiversity. Fiel...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain3
Tianzhu Chao, Huiqiang Cai, Yuxun Zhou, Kai Li* and Junhua Xiao
...vestigated the molecular phylogenetics of Chinese house mice based on 466 DNA sequences from mitochondrial D-loop fragments. Our analyses revealed that Mus musculus musculus and M. m. castaneus are older colonized subspecies with broad distributions in East China, while M. m. domestics is a newly arrived subspecies currently restricted to Shanghai, indicating the elevated risk in this cosmopolitan cities. Phylogenetic analysis indicates th...
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
...justify;">To examine the phylogeographic relationships of Microtus fortis in China, we investigated 84 individuals collected from five populations. The mitochondrial cytochrome b gene (cyt b) and control region (CR) were sequenced and 49 haplotypes were observed. No shared haplotype was found among different geographic populations. High Fst values among the ...
Xiang Nong1,2,3,*, Yao-jun Yang1,2, Guang-you Yang3, Feng-zheng Chen2, Mei Tang1,2 and Gang Wang2
...m the Eupatorium adenophorum Sprengas nontoxic and pollution-free pesticides that can be released to the environment. The toxicity test of stigmasterol against Psoroptes cuniculi in vitro showed that stigmasterol was toxic under 0.5% concentration. Treatment under this condition also showed mite mortality of 16.67% within 12 h and 23.33% within 24 h. The insecticidal activity of stigmasterol was weaker than that of agera
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabyasachi Pal2, Ghule Tushar Manohar2, Somnath Bhattacharyya3, Amit Singh4, Prahlad Sarkar5 and Samuel Lalliansanga6
...ed on observations on morphology of different life stages, beta-esterase phenotype and amplification of rDNA and partial sequence homology of ITS-1and ITS-2. Host differential tests confirmed the race 2 of M. incognita infecting passion fruit. Pathogenic relationship with the passion fruit was proved through inoculation studies and inoculated plants also produced almost similar above-ground symptoms and profuse root g...
YaQiu Liu and ZhiJian Wang*
...tudy aimed to observe morphology and ultrastructure of intestinal tract of Paramisgurnus dabryanus with light and electron microscopies. Intestinal tract was divided into three parts. Morphologically complex folds were formed on surfaces of anterior and middle intestines where many secretory cells were present. Highly developed junction complex were seen in anterior intestine. Cytoplasm contained abundant mitochondria...
Urooj Fatima1, Arslan Mehboob2, Muhammad Abid3, Muti-ur-rehman Khan4 and Tahir Yaqub4*
...ted from different geographic areas of the country. Samples were screened for positivity and verified for CPV using PCR. From a 30% positive samples for hemagglutination, nineteen (38.4%) samples were positive in PCR. Sequence analysis of the selected positive samples revealed that both CPV-2 and new CPV-2a strains are circulating in the domestic dog poputlation in Pakistan. This pioneer research on the molecular characterization of CPVs in dogs would establis...
Sanaullah Jalil*, Asim Hayat, Abid Majeed, Syed Haider Abbas, Muhammad Noman, Muhammad Imran Kasana and Muhammad Mazhar Hussain
...tify;">Deficiency of Phosphorus (P) is a serious concern for agricultural productivity in more than 90% of Pakistan’s soils. In addition to P deficiency, high pH level and soil carbonate contents further limit the utilization of P by plants. This research was conducted during wheat cropping season of year 2010 and 2011 and it consisted of determination of the residual effect of six treatments (T0 = control without rock ph<...
Muhammad Qadir Ahmad¹*, Farheen Ashraf Raza¹, Abdul Qayyum¹, Waqas Malik¹, Rao Wali Muhammad2, Muhammad Asif Saleem1, Amir Hamza2, Ahmad Baksh Mahar3
...cross the world. Leaf morphology and physiology provides a balance between leaf temperature, leaf energy exchange and photosynthesis. The experiment was undertaken to study the association of leaf related traits i.e. leaf area (LA), leaf angle position (LP), number of lobes per leaf (NL), leaf chlorophyll contents (SV), relative water content (RWC), leaf...
Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2
...elop maps by using Geographic Information System (GIS). The impacts of agriculture encrachment were determined by means of group discussions, household’s interviews and personel observations. The results showed that crops cultivation occupied 18 % of the bottomlands in Naran valley, where this cultivation is gradually extending towards steeper slopes without any soil conservation measures. The alpine open pastures (45%) is available in deep inside and up...
Antibacterial Activity by Chlorogenic Acid Isolated through Resin from Apricot (Prunus Armeniaca L.)
Ahmed Mujtaba1, Tariq Masud1, Asif Ahmad1, Waqar Ahmed3, Saqib Jabbar3* and Robert E. Levin2
...rmance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). The chlorogenic acid was isolated using resin. The recovered amount of compound was calculated. Aliquots of the extracts at known concentration of chlorogenic acid were then applied against different bacterial strains for antibacterial activity. The minimum inhibitory concentration of isolated compound was also measured. Two antibiotics were used as references compounds for antibacterial activities. The aqueous ethanolic ex...
Usman Shakoor1*, Mudassar Rashid1, Abdul Saboor2, Nabila Khurshid1, Zuhair Husnain2 and Abdul Rehman2
...tify;">Increment in atmospheric CO2, variations in temperature and precipitation are helping tools to forecast scenarios for the climate in an area. Changes in these tools from the past due to any unavoidable circumstances for today and in the future is refers to climate change (CC). Besides other living being, crops are either benefited or adversely affected by these changes in the climate of an area. Maize is one of the widely grown crops in the world and ev...
Mustafa Cengiz1*, Jama Hussein Ali2, H. Mehtap Kutlu2, Djanan Vejselova2 and Adnan Ayhanci3
...inase (AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)). In contrast, in the groups given D-GaIN and EA, a decrease in the damage of the liver tissue, a significant decrease activated Bax and caspase-3-positive hepatocytes, while increase in the number of Bcl-2 positive hepatocytes, a decrease in the biochemistry markers levels were found. Group 4, given EA before D-GaIN, showed better results when compared to Group 5, given EA after D-...
Nirbhay Kushwaha, Achuit K Singh, Brotati Chattopadhyay and Supriya Chakraborty
Recent advances in geminivirus detection and future perspectives
...cation using the bacteriophage 29 DNApolymerase allows for a reliable diagnosis of geminiviruses and presumably all viruses with small single-stranded circular DNA genomes. The results show the efficiency of this technique in characterizing viral DNA components of several geminiviruses from experimental and natural host plant sources. Nucleotide sequence data offers identification of viral molecule to strain/species level for accurate diagnosis....
Honnur Basha, Vinaya Hemannavar, B.Ramanujam, R. Rangeshwaran and S.Sriram
Screening of chilli microflora and other biocontrol agents for their antagonistic effects on Colletotrichum spp. infecting chillies
...solates of bacteria from phylloplane and pomoplane, 44 isolates of endophytic fungi and 45 of endophytic bacteria from inside the leaf and fruit tissues, respectively. Among them, 70 fungal isolates belonged to plant pathogenic genera like,Alternaria, Cercospora, Colletotrichum, Curvularia, Glomerella, Mycosphaerella, Phoma and Stem...
Neerja Agrawal, Mukesh Srivastava, Akhilesh Tripathi and Amrendra Singh
Survey and monitoring of pests, parasites and predators of pulse crops in central and eastern Uttar Pradesh
...lant hopper of Pentatomorpha group, termite Odontotermes spp, and cut worm Agrotis ipsilon in chickpea whereas Campoletis chlorlidae was recorded as natural enemy feeding on H. armigera larvae. In pigeonpea crop, mainly H. armigera, leaf webber Grapholita (Cydia) critica, Myllocerus spp, spotted pod borer Maruca testulalis, plume moth Exelastis atomosa, tur pod bug Clavigralla gibbosa, jassid Amrsca bigutulta, termite Odonto...
Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2
Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...dynamics of the mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. on different 42 cultivars of Indian mustard (B. juncea). The results revealed that the population of L. erysimi exhibited negative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature,rainfall, wind velocity, evaporation and positive with afternoon and morning relative humidity. The values of coefficient of determination (R ) were high (0.92 to 0.99), indicated that the popula...
Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3
Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
...e minimum population of aphids, whitefly and epilachna beetle was observed in the treatment T which received soil application of phorate followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos,imadicloprid and cartap hydrochloride, respectively at 40, 55 and 70 DAP than other treatments. Maximum yield of healty potato tuber was recorded in the plot treated with chlorpyriph
M.K. Pandit,P. K. Pal and B. K. Das
Effect of date of sowing on flowering and incidence and damage of melon fruit fly in snap melon Cucumis melo var.momordica genotypes
... (Coquillett),Diptera: Tephritidae] infected fruits were recorded.Snap melon being a monoecious and warmth loving crop, tends to bear increasing number of female flowers with time; days to first female flower gradually lessened from the first to the third sowing, which signify longer fruiting period from the first to the third sowing. The infestation level of fruit fly has been found to be higher in March sowing than the other two sowing dates, irrespective of...
1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal
Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
... population dynamics of aphids with the help of yellow pan trap and yellow sticky trap. The population of aphid catches was quite lower in yellow pan trap than yellow sticky trap. Aphids were first observed in traps during third week of December and the population of pests gradually increased to reach the peak in second week of February in the first year of study (2006-07) while in second ...
1S. A. Khan and 2S. Jha
Effect of dates of sowing, moisture regimes, varieties and weather factors on incidences of aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.) in rape and mustard
...align="justify">Mustard aphid which is influenced by predisposing abiotic factors, has been widely reported as the most noxious insect pest limiting production of rape and mustard. Field experiment was carried out with 3 varieties of rape and mustard, 6 dates of sowing and 2 moisture regimes to understand aphid population dynamics during different phases of growth of rainfed vis-à-v...
1Parvin Noor and 2Md. Nashir Uddin
Morphological changes of different castes of the subterranean termites (Odontotermes proformosanus) in fungus combs of termitophiles
... have the extra-ordinary phenomena of making fungus combs inside the termitophiles. Considering the consistency of fungus-bed in the termitophiles, an attempt has been made to observe the morphological changes of nymphs while they stayed within the fungus comb. Biological attributes indicated that Odontotermes proformo...
1Bikash Ranjan Ray and 2Mrinal Kanti Dasgupta
Management of root holoparasite Aeginetia pedunculata of (Orobanchaceae), causing wilt of sugarcane by trap and catch crops
...z.; NaOCl, TTC (2,3,5-triphenyl tetrazolium chloride) and GR24-a strigol analogue) and growth of the parasite on excised root pieces of prevalent crop cultivars including sugarcane, were evaluated in A. pedunculata infested sugarcane field for their (crops) efficacy to deplete or recharge the parasite seeds in soil. Rice (Oryza sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum typhoides Staph...
A. K. Chaubey and Satyandra Kumar
Bio-management of root knot nematode and root rot disease by antagonistic fungi and rhizobacteria
... isolates from the rhizosphere of vegetable crops was studied for suppression of root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita and wilt fungus, Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici on tomato in laboratory and pot culture experiment. All the isolates were isolated by serial dilution and cultured in liquid protein supplemented broth medium and culture filtrates (CF) were prepared. In in-vitro test single eggmasses of uniform size were kept in 5ml CF in 5cm diameter...
K.N. Ahmed and M.R. Hasan
Sudden outbreak of mealy bug and armoured scale causing severe damage to economic crops in Bangladesh
...ut now it has become polyphagous in nature. Based on laboratory studies on immature and mature fruits of lady's finger; the total period of all four nymphal stages lasted for 32.6 ± 4.17 days at an average room temperature of 28 ± 2ºC and 70-75% RH during September, 2009. Male mealybug has a short life span of 3.0 ± 0.21 days. Females live for nearly 80.7 ± 10.43 days with an oviposition peri...
Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra
Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
...dia theobromae) and Phytophtora fruit rot (Phytophthora nicotianae var parasitica) of guava were analysed for predictive purpose from regression equations. The simple correlation coefficient matrix showed significantly positive correlation of canker severity with maximum relative humidity at 1% level whereas, anthracnose correlated well with minimum relative humidity, temperature and number of rainy days at 5% level. The neg...
Bijan Kumar Das
Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...ty. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004. A. rugosa adults were active in the boroja throughout the year with two peaks, one in pre-monsoon and another in post-monsoon i.e., period prior initiation of winter season. During ...
S. Subharani, S. S. Thorat, N. Abem, L. Amit Kumar and T. K. Singh
A database on parasitoid of insect pests of crops in Manipur, India
...t insect, host plant, morphological characters, geographical distribution, period of activity, parasitoid behavior and its biology etc. Image of the parasitoid species are also provided for helping in easy identification of the species. Keywords: Database, insect-pest, parasitoids, Manipur
...
...
Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das
Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
...betelvine caused by Phytophthora parasitica and growth, yield, and keeping quality by applying two bioagents, viz., P. fluorescens and Trichoderma harzianum. P. fluorescens inoculated in 500 kg oil cake ha-1 was applied once at pre-monsoon, twice during pre- and post- monsoon and four times at quarterly intervals. T. harzianum inoculated in 500 kg oil cake ha-1was applied at quarterly intervals. Bordeaux mixture (BM) was used to compare the treatments in preve...
K.N. Ahmed , M.A. Al-Helal, N-E-P. Khanom, S. Bulbul
Control strategies of papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink infesting vegetable crops in Bangladesh
.... P. marginatus is a polyphagous pest attacking several agricultural, horticultural crops, ornamental plants and weeds of economic value. The papaya mealybug feeds on the sap of the plants by inserting its stylets into the epidermis of the leaf as well as into the fruit and stem. In doing so, it injects a toxic substance into the leaves. The result is chlorosis, plant stunting, leaf deformation, early dropping of the leaves and fruits, a heavy accumulation of ...
M. S. A. Mamun and M. Ahmed
Integrated pest management in tea: prospects and future strategies in Bangladesh
...t management practices emphasize the host plant resistance, preparation and application methods of new botanicals and microbial pesticide formulations, evaluation of field bio-efficacy and conservation of biological agents, cultural control measures, genetic techniques and sex pheromones technology. In tea husbandry, cultural control measures such as plucking, pruning, shade regulation, field sanitation, fertilizer applicati...
Nilesh Suresh Gole and Bijan Kumar Das
Biology of Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera), a serious pest of Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica
...ify;">Indian ipecac, Tylophora indica (Burm. f.) Merr. commonly known as dumvel or antomul, is an important medicinal plant in the family Asclepiadaceae, indigenous to India. In West Bengal, we observed the herb to be heavily infested by a defoliator pest, Dichromia sagitta (Fabricius) (Noctuidae: Lepidoptera). A study was conducted in the field and laboratory of All India Coordinated Research Project on Medicinal & Aromatic Plants and Betelvine (AICRP on ...
SK Fashi Alam, Atanu Seni and Ajoy K Sahoo
Biology of the mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley (Pseudococcidae: Hemiptera) on sprouted potato and brinjal plant
...aboratory. The female nymphs moulted three times for becoming adults while the male took four moultings. The female and male nymphs completed development in 14.45± 0.96 days and 19.53±1 days, respectively on brinjal plant at 20-36.2° C temperature and 15.1±1 days and 18±0.82 days respectively on sprouted potato. The ratio of the male: female were 1:1.75 and 1:1.87. The duration from nym
Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal
Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...ricket soil treatment of phorate 10 G @ 15kg ha-1 at planting plus drenching the ridges with chlorpyriphos 20 EC @ 2.5ml/L of water on appearance of pest (T5) was found most effective in decreasing the incidence of cutworm and molecricket followed by soil treatment at planting with phorate 10 G @15kg ha-1 with addition drenching the ridges with imidacloprid 17.8 SL @ 0.004% (2ml/10L of wat...
Amitava Konar, S. Paul and Kiran A. More
Efficacy of different insecticidal treatment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal
...tment schedules against aphid and whitefly on brinjal was studied by conducting two field experiments at 'Adisaptagram Block Seed Farm, Hooghly, West Bengal, India in two consecutive kharif seasons i.e., 2010 and 2011. The experiment was laid in RBD with seven treatment schedules and three replications. Among all the treatments soil application of phorate at transplanting, followed by foliar spray with ace
A. Regupathy and R. Ayyasamy
Initiatives of papain industry by private-public-farmer link-ages in classical biocontrol program for papaya mealybug in Tamil Nadu
...e biocontrol agent [Acerophagus papayae (Noyes and Schauff)] through ICAR-NBAII (National Bureau of Agriculturally Important Insects)-TNAU was emphasized as the existing biocontrol agents could not give relief. Later, when the exotic parasitoid was imported by NBAII, Bangalore, the papain industry wholeheartedly supported the training programmes by deploying its field staff in release and multiplication of the parasitoid. Fo...
S.K. Sahoo
Incidence and management of mustard aphid (Lipaphis ery-simi Kaltenbach) in West Bengal
...lign: justify;">Mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi (Kalt.), is the most serious insect-pest of rapeseed- mustard and responsible for causing the yield losses ranging from 35.4 to 96 per cent depending upon weather condition. The experiment was carried out to assess it’s incidence and their management during the winter seasons of 2009-10, 2010-11 and 2011-12 at the Pulses and Oilseeds Research Station, Berhampore, West Ben...
Goutam Samui and Shantanu Jha
Branch gall of mango (Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer) its bioecology and management
...The branch gall, Oligotrophus mangiferae Keiffer has recently appeared in serious proportion in the major mango growing districts of West Bengal, India. The present study had been taken up regarding the biology, population dynamics and management of this pest. Branch gall is a univoltine species. Emergence of adults from gall could be found from 2nd week of February, which continued up to 2nd week of March. Incubation, larval and pupal period lasted for 3-5 da...
Madhuban Gopal, Rajesh Kumar and Arunava Goswami
Nano-pesticides - A recent approach for pest control
...cidal properties. Nanosulphur and nanohexaconazole were prepared using encapsulation technique. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the nano-structure of nanopesticides. Nanoparticles of sulphur and hexaconazole thus characterized were estimated for the presence of active ingredient in the formulation adopting analytical t...
M. A. Al-Helal, K. N. Ahmed, N-E-P. Khanom, and S. Bulbul
Observations on papaya mealybug, Paracoccus marginatus Williams & Willink (Hemiptera : Pseudococcidae) damag-ing some crops in Bangladesh
... 2011. It is a small polyphagous insect pest sucking saps from the attacking fruits and leaves. P. marginatus passes through egg and three nymphal stages to become adult. Generally, three and four nymphal instars occur in case of female and male mealybug, respectively. The adults are most active in warm, dry and humid weather. The male adult mealybugs possess two pairs of wings. Female hav...
Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik and M.L. Chatterjee
Evaluation of new and conventional insecticides for the management of mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi Kalt. (Homoptera: Aphididae) on rapeseed (Brassica juncea L.)
...ticides against mustard aphid, Lipaphis erysimi K. on rapeseed (Brassica juncea L.). Experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design with eight treatments. Insecticides used in the experiments were imidacloprid 17.8% SL at 27g a.i/ha, lambda-cyhalothrin 5% EC at 25g a.i/ha, chlorpyriphos 20% EC at 375g a.i/ha, dichlorvos 75% EC at 375g a.i/ha, thiamethoxam 25% WG at 27g a.i/ha, dimethoa...
M.A. Pendse, P.P. Karwande and M.N. Limaye
Past, present and future of nematophagous fungi as bio-agent to control plant parasitic nematodes
...t-align: justify;">Nematophagous fungi (NF) are the major antagonists of nematodes. They include nematode trapping fungi as well as endoparasitic fungi. For more than a century scientists are studying different facets of biology of NF including their potential as a bioagents to control nematodes. Their inconsistent success in control of nematodes in field trials, however, is enigmatic. This paper takes a review of the researches done by various workers on the ...
A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde
Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...response to rise in atmospheric temperature and carbon dioxide differ from one region to the other. The latest assessment report from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC) predicts an increment in mean atmospheric temperature from 1.1 to 6.4°C toward the year 2100 with equally increasing atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). Such climatic changes could profoundly affect inse...
A. Sajeena and T. Marimuthu
Efficacy, stability and persistence of Ganosol, a Ganoderma based fungicide against plant pathogens
...en. Two isoforms of poly phenol oxidase, PPO 1 and PPO 3 were observed to be induced only in Ganosol 10EC sprayed plants and were absent in control. The formulation was tested to have good emulsion stability. The antifungal activity of the formulation persisted up to seven days after spraying the formulation on rice plants. The formulation retained its 100% antifungal efficacy up to three months of storage. Surprisingly, spraying cowpea plants with the formula...
Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik, Pronobesh Halder and M. L. Chatterjee
Determination of relative toxicity and base line data of dif-ferent insecticides against cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
...es against 3rd instar nymphs of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur during 2012. Both treated food untreated insect and treated food treated insect methods were followed. The lowest LC50 values through treated food untreated insect method were recorded in chlorpyriphos 20 EC (226 ppm) and dichlorvos 75 EC (282 ppm) in trea...
D. C. Khatua, B. Mondal and G. Saha
Bioassay of some agricultural chemicals, human drugs and disinfectants on Phytophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd
...drugs were tested on Phtophthora melonis Katsura causing fruit and vine rot of pointed gourd in aqueous environment. Antifungal antibiotics viz. validamycin, kasugamycin, griseofulvin, fluconazole and ketoconazole did not have any pronounced effect on mycelial growth, sporangia formation and its germination. None of the eight antibiotics used in this study prevented mycelial growth. No sporangia formation was recorded in five antibiotics viz. streptomycin sul<...
S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...3 respectively. Cabbage aphid reached its peak on 9th February (14.17 aphids/inch2 leaf) and 16th February (11.03 aphids/inch2 leaf) of 2011-12 and 2012-13, respectively. Highest parasitized larvae of diamond back moth by Cotesia plutellae were found on 15th and 8th March with 10.42 and 10.50% larval parasitisation during both the seasons, respectively, whereas maximum coccinellid was obse...
Lakshman Chandra Patel and Chandan Kumar Mondal
Management of causal agents of chilli leaf curl complex through bio-friendly approaches
...wo chemicals i.e. profenophos and diafenthiuron, three ecofriendly approaches i.e. garlic extract, spirit and alternate use of garlic with spirit, one predator insect Chrysoperla carnea and untreated control. The lowest population of thrips, mites and white fly was recorded with application of diafenthiuron at 15 days interval from seedling to early fruiting stage. Among the ecofriendly options, alternate use of garlic with spirit performed better than their s...
Dharmishthabahen R. Shah and Abhishek Shukla
Reaction of gerbera cultivars to spider mite, Tetranychus urti-cae Koch (Tetranychidae: Acari) under polyhouse conditions
...s. On the basis of biomorphological characters cultivar stanza has maximum mite population having green coloured leaves and red coloured flowers, while the highly tolerant cultivar Cherany with dark green leaves and pink coloured flower....
Rashid Pervez, Santhosh J. Eapen, S. Devasahayam and M. Dinsha
Characterization of entomopathogenic nematode, Stein-ernema carpocapsae from ginger (Zingiber officinale Rosc.) rhizosphere in India
...matode from ginger rhizosphere was collected from Faizabad district of Uttar Pradesh (India). Morphological and morphometric studies identified the isolate as Stein-ernema carpocapsae. This was further confirmed by ITS-rDNA sequences analysis. Phylogenetic was constructed for studying relationship with known isolates. Pathogenic potential of the isolate of S. carpocapsae (IISR-EPN 06) on t...
A. K. Ganguly and Uma Rao
Decades of researches in biochemical and molecular nematology at IARI
...sm of resistance against phytonematodes and diagnostics of economically important plant parasitic nematodes. Specific isozymes have been identified for differentiating the important root knot nematodes species of India belonging to the genus Meloiodogyne. Further, molecular markers like RAPDs, AFLP, SSRs and PCR–RFLP of rDNA have been employed to study the molecular genetic diversity in major root knot and cyst nematode species of India to assist the bre...
Anjan Bhattacharyya, Suhrid Ranjan Barik & Pritam Ganguly
New pesticide molecules, formulation technology and uses: Present status and future challenges
...ules which could undergo photo-degradation, microbial degradation as well as chemical degradation leaving very less amount of residues in the environment. Conventional pesticide formulations like WP, EC etc are endangering human health and polluting environment. Newly developed modern formulations like water emulsifiable gel, floating granules, drift less dust, macro and micro encapsulated suspension, hollow fibers, monolithic matrix, laminated structures etc ...
Goutam Samui and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal incidence and management of Apsylla cistellata Bucton. on mango in West Bengal
...st week of September. Nymphal period lasted from mid of August to end of February. Adult emergence occurred from fourth week of February and continued up to third week of March. Nymphs initially fed from midrib of leaf and then entered into the gall which they formed on the emerging vegetative buds resulting in total failure of such buds to put forth inflorescence properly. Repeated spraying without proper knowledge on the l...
Amitava Konar and N. Johnson Singh
Occurrence of aphids on various potato germplasms in eastern gangetic plains of West Bengal
... population dynamics of aphids on various potato germplasms. The common potato germplasms viz Kufri Chandramukhi, Kufri Jyoti, Kufri Jawhar along with three processing varieties like Kufri Chipsona-1, Kufri Chipsona-2 and Atlantic were screened against aphids. Potato seed tuber was planted by end of November following all standard agronomic practices except insecticide application. The aph...
Someshwar Bhagat and Sitansu Pan
Comparative ecological behaviour of some pre- and post-tsunami isolates of Trichoderma harzianum and T. viride from Andaman & Nicobar Islands
...asitic ability and rhizosphere colonization when the competition of other organisms withdrawn compared to natural and sun dried soil. Both competitive parasitic behaviour and rhizosphere colonization was low in post-Tsunami isolates of Trichoderma. The chlamydospore inoculum was found best in percentage colonization of sclerotia of boh R. solani and S. rolfsii, followed by mycelial and conidial inoculum. The isolate ThrAN-5 ...
Dhananjoy Mandal
Eco-friendly management of mealybug and wilt in pineapple
...Farmers’ practice: phorate 10 G @ 20 kgha-1 during planting + monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.03% at 100 DAP + endosulfan 35% EC @ 0.02% during 150-180 DAP]; T2 [Treating planting materials (basal portion) with monocrotophos 36% EC @ 0.02% + phorate 10 G @ 15 kg ha-1at 100 DAP + Neem oil 1500 ppm spray @ 2.5 m/L-1 at 150 DAP]; T3 [Treating planting materi...
Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta
Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...oning System, GPS; Geographical Information System, GIS) including geo-referenced thematic maps, image analysis, geostatistics for spatial analysis, land, soil and physiography, farmers’ socio-economic status, meteorological data, crop suitability, crop and pest management, processing strategy and transport, market arrival, demand and price are provided, farmers’ decision-makin...
Partha Pratim Ghosh and 2N. C. Mandal
Some disease management practices for bacterial wilt of potato
...lcake + Single Super Phosphate + Muriate of Potash mixture at 20:5:3:1 in each bacterial wilt affected plant + mancozeb spray @ 2.5 gL-1 at 50, 57 and 60 DAP) were the best treatment in terms of their responses to yield, disease management and higher return per rupee investment. The highest tuber yield and low disease intensity was obtained from T1 (TPS whole tuber planting) followed by T4 (supervised management) but under congenial condition for a particular ...
V. S. Desai, S. D. Desai, A. J. Mayekar and V.G. More
Infestation of coconut eriophyid mite, Aceria guerreronis Keifer in Konkan region of Maharashtra
...justify">The coconut eriophyid mite was reported to cause damage in coconut plantations in Konkan region of Maharashtra from January 2002. Three orchards from this area were surveyed to record infestation level of this pest in April and October of 2004 and March 2005. The survey indicated that the infestation was higher in Thane district followed by Sindhudurg district.
...
S. Choudhury and S. Pal
Population dynamics of mustard aphid on different Brassica cultivars under terai agro-ecological conditions of West Bengal
...ion dynamics of mustard aphid on seven popular rapeseed-mustard cultivars. The incidence of aphid commenced from 52nd to 2nd standard week with a very low population levels on all the cultivars. The aphid (Lipaphis erysimi) population attained peak level from 7th to 9th standard week. The correlation coefficients between aph
S. Pal and I. Sarkar
Pests infesting ornamental plants in hilly region of West Bengal
...raw flower. A number of aphid species were found infesting different ornamental plants viz. Myzus persicae on Carnation, gerbera and Anthurium; Macrosiphoniella sanborni on Chrysanthemum; Aphis gossypii on China rose. Other sucking pests infesting ornamentals included Bemisia tabaci on Gerbera, leafhopper on Gladiolus and scale insect (unspecified) on Anthurium. Amongst the thysanopteran p...
Zhensheng Liu1,2, Hui Gao1,2, Jiapeng Dong1, Mingming Zhang3 and Liwei Teng1,2,*
...) is a sexually dimorphic ungulate. In general, males are larger than females and the two sexes live in separate groups outside the breeding season. We studied the seasonal activity of blue sheep from May 2010 through August 2012 to test the activity budget hypothesis, which predicts that females spend more time on feeding and that the activity synchronization of same-sex groups is higher than for mixed-sex groups. Our results support the hypothesis. Both ...
Beenish Zahid1,*, Asim Aslam2, Zafar Iqbal Chaudhry2 and Raheela Akhtar2
...evere hemorrhages and lymphocytic depletion, follicle necrosis, leukocytic infiltration, cyst formation and fibrous tissue proliferation at medullar region of thymus and bursa were observed. These results indicated that pathogenic field IBDV caused the serum biochemical changes by damaging the liver and kidney tissues with histopathological effect on lymphoid organs of chicken.
...
Jakub Jan Skorupski
...1745 bp. Fourteen polymorphic variable sites were identified: 12 SNP substitutions, one single nucleotide deletion and one ins/del polymorphism. The assessment of informativeness and conclusiveness of the identified variable sitesshows that the highest ability to differentiate the American mink growth hormone gene genotypes has tri-allelic polymorphism g.1219C>G (PIC = 0.3039), and thre...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...ion exchange resin (CM-Sephadex C-25) was used for the isolation of lactoferrin using the fast protein liquid chromatography. The lactoferrin was further characterized through sodium dodecyl sulphate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE). Disc diffusion method was applied for the evaluation of antibacterial activity of lactoferrin. Minimum inhibi...
Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1
... was screened for polymorphic sites in Sahiwal cattle. Samples from Sahiwal cattle breeds were sequenced using six set of primers. A total 15 polymorphisms; 12 in intronic and 3 in exonic region, were identified. The sequences of the amplified Pit1 gene fragments were aligned with the help of BLAST for SNPs identification. This is a first report toward genetic screening of this gene at molecular level in Sahiwal cattl...
Song Li1,* and Zuojian Feng2
...med on mapping its geographic variations in China. In this study, we used 45 P. albiventer specimens from Xizang and Yunnan in China to conduct multivariate analyses and calculate coefficients of differences on cranial measurements, together with a comparison of pelage characteristics. Results indicated that the allopatric samples from Xizang were obviously different from all those previously defined in Yunnan. Therefore, we describe them as new subspec...
Physiological Responses to Fasting and Refeeding in Apodemus chevrieri from Hengduan Mountain Region
Hai-Ji Zhang1, Di Zhang2, Dong-Min Hou1 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...order to investigate the physiological responses to fasting and refeeding in Apodemus chevrieri, body mass and body fat mass, resting metabolic rate (RMR), organs morphology, serum leptin levels and food intake were measured in the present study. The results showed that food deprivation decreased body mass and body fat mass. After refeeding, body mass can not be returned to the control value on refeeding 12 h, and it ...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed
...al crop in Pakistan. An aphid complex feeds and signifcantly decrease the grain yield in wheat crop. Field experiment was conducted at NIAB, Faisalabad to evaluate the use of the planting time and the insecticide sprays for managing aphids to avoid losses to grain yield. During the crop season in year 2015-16, wheat variety (Millat 2011) was sown on three planting dates: mid Nov (crop 1), end Nov (crop 2), and mid Dec (crop ...
Yasemin Bircan Yildirim* and Hediye Tugce Vurmay
... grey mullet (Mugil cephalus), threadfin bream, (Nemipterus randalli), which were caught from the Iskenderun Bay at 6 different locations (local fishermen’s fish market) were evaluated. The Serratia spp., Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterobacter cloacae were isolated from the gill samples, while E. aerogenes, E. cloacae, Proteus vulgaris, K. pneumoniae and Pseudomonas fluorescens wer...
Ayesha Zahid,Ammara Muazzam, Sidra Mustafa, Saba Irshad*,Malik Siddique Mahmood and Rehman Shahzad
Rauf Ahmad1, Karam Ahad2 and Aziz Ullah Shah3
...>Abstract | Milling, physical and cooking quality of candidate hybrid varieties of fine and coarse rice category, were tested for their performance against the respective standards. In hybrid category, 58% candidates milling quality found excellent or good (head rice yield– HRY 51-70%), 23% marginal (HRY 40 – 50%) and 18% below limit (< 40%). Physically, 60% samples were extra-long size, slender shape and coarse type. Nineteen percent sample...
Madeeha Arshad1, Naveed Ahmad2,*, Muhammad Khalid3, Asmatullah1, Mohammad Tahir2, Khadija Naveed1 and Asia Iqbal4
...station and fixed for morphometric and morphological studies. Experimental groups showed variable degree of fetal abnormalities, along with reduction in body weights parallel to increase in dose concentration, as compared to control and vehicle control. Morphometric studies showed significant differences in nervous, integumentary and skeletal systems against control. Exence
Jia-xiang Wang1,2,* and Peng Li1,2
... the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-immunopositive cells in the African ostrich pancreas were investigated using immunohistochemistry. Our results indicate that the pancreas is divided into twosections: the exocrine and endocrine portion.The exocrine portionis comprised of peripheral gland cells and centroacinar cells; the endocrineportion consists of islet cells. Ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip...
P.P. Ghosh*, C. Ghosh, B. Mahato, A. Chakraborty, S.K. Bhattacharya and M.K. Bhattacharjya
... integrated module of prophylactic soil disinfection and bio-control, (ii) only prophylactic soil disinfection, and (iii) only curative soil disinfection over uprooting and destruction of diseased plants (farmers’ practice). Results indicated all the management approaches under study performed significantly superior to farmers’ practice in terms of reduction in disease severity (32.8-43.6%), yield increase (20.9%...
Mohammed M. Ibrahim1,2*, Y.S. Chandel1 and Anil3
...acters were taken for morphometric studies on Apis mellifera L. and samples were collected from four locations representing two different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh during 2012. The findings revealed that the significant differences were observed between the populations for all characters except abdomen length, fore wing width and length of trochanter and tibia. Overall, the mean of populations for head height × width, proboscis lengt...
Obaidullah1, Zafar Ali Shah1* and Sami Ullah2
...solate Lapachol (1, 4- naphthoquinone) from heterophragma adenophyllum seem and to synthesize its copper and silver nanoparticles followed by their antibacterial assessment. Lapachol was isolated from stem heartwood of heterophragma adenophyllum seem through column chromatographic te...
Fariha Imtiaz1, Muhammad Islam1, Hamid Saeed2,*, Bushra Saleem1, Maryam Asghar1 and Zikria Saleem2
...atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Hair growth promoting effects were examined using alopecia mouse model. Phytochemical analysis demonstrated the presence of higherquantities of carbohydrates, proteins and secondary metabolites in methanol compared to other extracting solvents. Moreover, only ethanol (5 and 10%) and petroleum ether (5%) demonstrated significant hair growth promoting effects (p < 0.05) compared to standard, i.e., 5% minoxidil and e...
Hussein Aly Hussein1*, Omneya Mohamed Khattab2, Shereen Mohamed Aly2, and Mohammed Abdel Mohsen Rohaim1
Baohua Chen1,2, Wenzhu Peng3, Jian Xu2, Jingyan Feng1,2, Chuanju Dong1,2 and Peng Xu2,3,*
...y of enzymes with a wide phylogenetic distribution. They are multifunctional enzymes that play a crucial role in cellular detoxification and oxidative stress tolerance. Comparing with that in mammals, investigation of GSTs is more complicated in teleosts because of the greater pressure they suffer in aquatic environment. In this study, we identified a set of 27 GSTs including 8 classes of members in common carp genome. Both sequences alignment and
Rafi Ullah1, Sarzamin Khan1,*, Abdul Hafeez1, Asad Sultan1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2, Naila Chand1 and Naseer Ahmad1
... in broilers at finisher phase. Five isonitrogenous and isocaloric diets were uttered with the step-wise i.e. 0% (D1), 25% (D2), 50% (D3), 75% (D4) and 100% (D5) replacement of soybean meal with silkworm meal in commercial broiler rations. A total of 150 day-old broiler chicks (Ross 308) were randomly distributed into fifteen replicate groups (n=10), and consequently reared on five experimental diets according to a completely randomized design. Feed int...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Moez Ayadi1 and Shabana Naz2
... significant increase in phosphorous (P), Co and Se in the blood of their newborn lambs. Furthermore, a significantly higher (P<0.05) inorganic matter percentage in colostrum was found in treated group compared to the control. The body weight of lambs in treated group at 30 and 60 days was significantly (P<0.05) higher when compared with the control. In conclusion, trace mineral boluses supplementation to pregnant ewes...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...uberty is the process of physical maturation of an animal with the capability of sexual reproduction. In domestic animals, age at attainment of puberty is an event that contributes significantly to lifetime reproductive efficiency. Anhui white goat is a native Chinese breed, with the characters of early time puberty onset and high fecundity. However, the molecular mechanism of puberty onset has not been well understood. It has been demonstrated leptin act as a...
Muzammil Sattar
...rysoperla carnea (Stephens). Results show that proteins play a vital role in the fecundity, fertility and all the biological parameters of F1 for mass rearing. The tested proteins were: Casein, Protein hydrolysate, Torula yeast and Nu lure. Al these proteins were tested in laboratory at four concentrations, i.e., 1, 3, 5 and 7 mg/ml in diet. Significantly higher fecundity 785.12±25.7, fertility 89.23±0.36 % of eggs and longe...
Muhammad Ayaz1,*, Muhammad Athar Abbas2, Pervez3, Noorulain3, Yasir Amin1, Zubair Ali3, Naila Siddique2 and Khalid Naeem2
...b>2 and 58 captive pheasant’s samples were negative. It was observed that frequency of H9N2 prevalence in poultry population was directly proportional to temperature, season and elevation.
...
Muhammad Ashfaq,1 Shamim Akhtar,2 Saleem Akhtar2,* and Mariyam Masood2
...> Girault (Hymenoptera: Aphelinidae: Eriaporinae). Traditionally the detection of hyperparasitoid is done by host-rearing, but that is time-consuming when working with field populations at larger scale. The current study used morphology and DNA sequences from mitochondrial (cytochrome oxidase I) and nuclear (internal transcribed spacer I) genes to identify the hyperparasitoid Promuscidea unfasciativentris. The success...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1*,Ibrahim Alhidary1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Rifat U. Khan3, Abdel Raouf S. Bello4, Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2 and Ramzi A. Amran1
Javeria1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2,*, Tanveer Hussain2, Rashid Saif2, Sadaf Rashid3, Hanan Sarfraz4, Abbas Ali Shah3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Muhammad Abdullah1
...alth, Lahore. The demographic values for age, employment and marital status did not differ significantly among case and control groups. Exonic regions of BDNF gene were sequenced. In-silico analysis was performed to detect the possible disease causing effect of genetic variants with OCD. Sequencing of BDNF gene showed one change G>A at position c.196 (rs6265) resulting in a nonsynonymous change from valine to methionine. We found only one homo...
Sidra Manzoor1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Wasim Shehzad1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Muhammad Imran1, Tanveer Hussain2, Abdul Wajid1 and Maryam Javed1
...howed a novel DNA polymorphism 37421762 (C>A) in the 3’-untranslated region (3’-UTR) of the gene. Association test was performed to analyze its relation with milk composition but it was found non-significant in all analyzed traits. So, it was inferred that it might be due to environmental or epigenetic effect, sampling number or a breed difference. To know the functional consequences of the identified polymorph
Mehwish Faheem1,*, Saba Khaliq2 and Khalid Parvez Lone2
...chemicals e.g. bisphenol-A can alter fish reproduction. Vitellogenin (vtg) is the egg yolk precursor and used as a biomarker for estrogenic endocrine disruption. To elucidate the endocrine-disrupting effect of bisphenol-A, juvenile Catla catla was exposed to graded concentrations of bisphenol-A (10,100,1000μg/l) for 14 days. BPA exposure strongly elevates vtg...
Muzafar Shah1,*, Mian Sayed Khan1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Habib Ahmed3 and James M. Carpenter4
Azhar Abbas Khan1,*, Arif Muhammad Khan2 and Muhammad Afzal3
...tack influences third trophic level and natural enemies use these substances to locate their prey. Twelve-arm olfactory apparatus was used to evaluate the response of C. septempunctata toward aphids and different host plants of aphids. Different horticultural plants and field crops were used singly or in combination with prey as a host. An increased numbers of C. septempunctata
Jianping Gou, Jianli Xiong*, Baoxia Dong, Zhennan Liu and Manman Hou
Khurram Shahzad and Mohammad Akmal*
...es. Recommended rates of phosphorus and potassium were applied yielding 90 and 60 kg ha-1respectively while the N-application rates (i.e. NAR 0, 100, 120, 140 and 160 kg ha-1) were added with different N application timings (i.e. NAT1100% at seedbed, NAT2 50% at sowing and 50% 70 days after sowing (DAS), NAT3 25% at sowing, 50% + 70 DAS and 25% at anthesis 110 DAS and NAT4 25% at sowing, 25% 70 DAS and 50% 110 DAS). Results ...
Oaj Khurshid1*, Naureen Aurangzeb1, Ayaz Khan1, Alia Naz1, Abdullah khan1, Sobia Nisa2 and Sehrish Sajawal3
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3
...atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Highest Cu concentration of 4.52 ± 0.24 mg kg−1 wet weight was observed in muscles of M. armatus at Chakdara on River Swat while highest Zn concentration of 18.00 ± 1.88 mg kg−1 wet weight was observed in muscles of S. plagiostomus at Daggar on River Barandu. A site wise comparison of both Cu and Zn concentrations in muscles of the study fish generally showed no ...
Aneela Qureshi1, Ammara Ainee1*, Muhammad Nadeem1, Masooma Munir1,2*, Tahir Mahmood Qureshi1, Saqib Jabbar2
...ffect of fiber source on physicochemical, sensory attributes and microbiological properties of fruit cakes were examined during 30 days of storage. Results showed that with varying fiber content water activity, texture, color, moisture, fat, protein, ash, NFE and fiber content changed significantly (p<0.05). Gross energy level in cake which is desirable by consumers was reduced but high fiber cake was dark colored, low in volume and with increased hardness....
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
...al of chub(Squalius cephalus L., 1758) in upper Akcay River (Buyuk Menderes Basin) including the age, growth, length-weight relationship and reproduction. The study was conducted in upper Akcay River between June 2012 and May 2013. Monthly data showed that native fish chub were aboundantly with other native fish (Acanthobrama mirabilis) in upper Akcay River. The age distribution for both females and males of S. ceph
Sogolo L. Lebelo1,* and Gerhard van der Horst2
...cur as a group of polymorphic cells in the intertubular region, and are usually associated with large and small blood vessels and abundant loose connective tissue. Leydig cells have large spherical or slightly elongated nuclei, which possess prominent nuclei and frequently deep indentations of nuclear envelope. The nuclei are characterized by patches of euchromatin and heterochromatin regions with the latter usually occupyin...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
... and their genotypic and phenotypic outcomes in offspring. In this way, simple illustrations incorporate a considerable amount of information that provides the opportunity to determine genotype and phenotype probabilities for monogenic Mendelian traits without the need to draw Punnett square for every parental genotype combination. These illustrations provide information for both forward (ph
Hassen Allaya1,2,*, Abderraouf Ben Faleh1, Manel Rebaya1, Sonia Zrelli3, Abdallah Hattour2, Jean-Pierre Quignard4 and Monia Trabelsi1
...ed on the analysis of morphological characteristics of Euthynnus alletteratus from two distant sampling sites (Mahdia and Zarzis) along the Tunisian coast using 11 morphometric and 3 meristic characters in order to investigate the morpholgical variation among them. Uni and Multivariate analysis of variance of 64 adult specimens showed significant differences among the means of the t...
Shuangye Wang1, Yunlin Zhao1, Zhenggang Xu1,2,*, Li Li3, Liang Wu1, Choucang Duan1 and Jiao Peng1
...of introduced Milu(Elaphurus davidianus), also known as Père David’s Deer, to their new environment, this study was designed to track and observe 16 Milu, which were released in the Dongting Lake wetland area from Jiangsu, from April 4 to May 12, 2016, using instantaneous scanning and recorded 486 observations. Nineteen types of behaviour were observed which were classified into nine categories: resting, feeding, moving, excreting, parental...
Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1
Ghulam Abbas1,Asif Nadeem1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Muhammad Sajid Tahir3, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3, Muhammad Tayyab1 and Maryam Javed1
...ave an important role in phylogeny and diversity analysis. In Pakistan hog deer (Axis porcinus) is an important wild species belongs to the family Cervidae. The hog deer is one of the least studied species at molecular level in Pakistan. The present study was planned to investigate its molecular phylogeny and diversity analysisusing mitochondrial cytochrome b, cytochrome c and d-loop region. Sampl...
Muhammad Ibrahim and Ahmad Khan*
...gement in crop stand and phenological occurrence is not well understood. Therefore field studies were conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar-Pakistan to quantify the effects of mulching techniques and nitrogen management on maize (Zea mays L) phenology and crop stand in 2013 and 2014. Treatments included mulching techniques (i.e. no-mulch, residue, transparent and blue colour plastic) and...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...p>-1) of microbial phytase on growth performance and nutrient digestibilityof Cirrhinus mrigala fingerlings fed sunflower meal based diet. The chromic oxide was added as inert marker in the diets. Three replicate groups of 15 fish (Average weight 5.05±0.013 g fish-1) were fed at the rate of 5% of live wet weigh and feces were collected twice daily. The results of present study showed improved growth performance of Cirrhinus mr...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4
...nducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship of currently prevailing H9N2 isolates in Pakistan. A sum of ten H9N2 AIVs were isolated from 400 suspected samples and were confirmed through serological and molecular assays. The sequence analysis of NA genes shown 99% homology with the H9N2 AIV recently isolated from Pakistan and their phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to the G- lineage. Amino a...
Kanwer Shahzad Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,*, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Fatima Sellami3 and Muhammad Afzal1
... by means of external morphology, published descriptions and male genitalia micrometry. Nine species were identified belonging to 9 genera and 4 subfamilies occurring along with 10 trophic associations. Five species viz; Coccinella septempunctata (Linnaeus 1758), Hippodamia variegata (Goeze 1777), Menochilus sexmaculatus (Fabricius 1781), Micraspis allardi (Mulsant 1853) and Propylea dissecta <...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi1,*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Sohail Akhtar1, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Naveed Aslam3 and Muhammad Rafay4
...rmance Liquid Chromatography with ultraviolet detection (HPLC-UV) was used to determine residues of commonly used agricultural insecticides (imidacloprid, thiametoxam, profenofos, endosulfan, spinosad and deltamethrin) in multi-floral raw honey of Apis dorsata F. collected from the cotton belt area of Punjab, Pakistan. The residues of these insecticides were extracted using ethyl acetate. Honey samples were spiked at 0.1 and 0.01 mg/kg. The mean recover...
Fareeda Tasneem1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
.../i> species, a molecular phylogenetic analysis was performed on the basis of H4 gene sequences. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the aligned sequences of our study with 22 entries of closely related species from GenBank Data. Highly polymorphic sites were observed in FT8 strain sequence as compared to other species. Analysis of H4 gene sequences in our study showed they are closel...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif2
... complex, comprising of aphids Aphis gossypii Glover, jassids Amrasca devastans Distant, whiteflies Bemisia tabaci Gennadius, thrips Thrips tabaci Lindeman, red cotton bugs Dysdercus koenigii Walk and dusky cotton bugs Oxycarenus hyalinipennis Costa, has been a challenge on transgenic (Bt) cotton crop all over the world. This study assessed the field efficacy of six commercial insect...
Mehran Kausar1,2, Naveed Ashraf3, Farzana Hayat4, Asraf Hussain Hashmi1, Saima Siddiqi1,* and Mariam Anees2
...ands and feet with dystrophic nails, unossified fontanels, and an obtuse mandibular. The present study was conducted to determine the underlying genetic cause of Pycnodysostosis in a family from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan presenting with symptoms of multiple recurrent fractures, short stature, increased bone density and stubby hands. We performed direct sequencing of CTSK for five members of the family to find out the causative mutation. All coding exons of...
Tiansen Li1, Meiling Huang2, Zhen Wang1,Fei Guo3,Hui Zhang1,* and Chuangfu Chen1,*
...ial survival, virulence, phagosome-lysosome fusion, and apoptosis induction, as assessed in appropriate in vitro (cell culture) and animal models. Results showed the omp10 mutant was dramatically attenuated for survival in macrophages and mice than the parent strain 2308. With decrease in the spleen/body weight ratios of mice infected with omp10 mutants were noted, inhibition of ...
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
...sampled covering a geographical area of little less than 5000 acres in the southern, central and northern zones located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. Yellow rust occurrence was distributed over an area of 463 acres in all three wheat production zones. Maximum yellow rust impact values (estimated by Field Impact Factor (FIF) of 121, 201 and 328 were recorded in Bannu (Southeren Zone), Nowshara (Central Zone) and Mansehra (Northeren Zone), respective...
Usman Waheed1,*, Humayoon Shafique Satti2, Muhammad Arshad3, Ahmed Farooq3, Abdul Rauf4 and Hasan Abbas Zaheer1,5
...alence of HIV/AIDS and syphilis is rapidly increasing among high risk groups (HRGs) in Pakistan leading it away from achieving the 6th millennium development goal of halting and reversing HIV/AIDS epidemic. Syphilis increases the risk of HIV transmission by two to five times, and this co-infection is common among HRGs. The objective of this study was to investigate the prevalence of HIV/AIDS and sy
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
...eria isolated from rhizosphere of Tagetes minuta, growing in soil adjoining automobile workshops to investigate their bioaccumulation capacity for three selected metals Cr(VI), Ni(II) and Cd(II). The plant was selected due to its natural abundance in the climate of Kashmir and also in the area of study. On the basis of morphological, biochemical, 16S rRNA gene sequencing, the isolates were identified as B. cereus
Ibrahim A. Alhidary1,*, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Abdullah H. Alyemni2, Moez A. Ayadi1,3 and Mohamed Y. Al-Saiady2
Kamran A. Awan1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal3
...tended grain development phase of the crop. Among varieties, Ghanemat-2015 showed better grain yield for a relatively longer duration i.e. December 5-15 over the others varieties. Atta-Habib also performed relatively better for sowing made on November 25 and Chakwal-50 on November 15. Overall GY reduced when wheat sowing postpones from December 5 in the season. Grains protein was observed high for sowing made on November 15-25 for wheat varieties Dharabi, Sha...
Naila Chand1,*, Shabana Naz2, Hamza Maris1, Rifat Ullhah Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1 and Muhammad Subhan Qureshi1
... (P<0.05) lower heterophil number and significantly (P<0.05) higher lymphocytes number than the control group. The heterophil/lymphocytes ratio and antibody titer was significantly (P<0.05) lower in the treated groups. Based on these results, it is concluded that supplementation of diets with betaine improved broiler feed intake, weight gain, FC...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
Muhammad Tariq Saeed1*, Muhammad Ashfaq Wahid1, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem1, Mumtaz Akhtar Cheema2, Muhammad Shahid1, Abdul-Shakoor1, Abdul-Sattar3
Lu Liu1, Sher Khan Panhwar2, Tianxiang Gao3, Zhiqiang Han3, Chunhou Li4, Dianrong Sun4 and Na Song1,*
...n identified based on morphology: Liza affinis, Liza carinata, and Liza klunzingeri. To confirm the validity of the species by molecular methods, we sequenced a fragment of the cytochrome oxidase subunit I (COI) gene of mitochondrial DNA of Liza affinis and Liza klunzingeri from coastal waters of China and Pakistan, respectively. Sequences of L. carinata were obtained from GenBank. A neighbor-joining tree showed the sp...
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
...oderma harzianum against phyto and human pathogenic bacterial strains. T. harzianum was grown under different conditions and their extracts were evaluated, using disc diffusion method against tomato wilt causing bacteria (Xanthomonas campestris and Clavibacter michiganensis). Extracts that resulted in strong activity were fractionated into acetonitrile and ethyl acetate followed by testing against human pathogenic bacterial strains (Eschericia coli, Pseudomona...
Muhammad Amin1*, Khalid Mahmood2, Imran Bodlah3, Muhammad Rahim Khan2
...align: justify;">Twelve aphid species, inclusive of 6 new records to Pakistan’s aphidofauna, were found infesting Rosa species in study conducted during 2015-2016 in Poonch division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir-Pakistan. Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) fragaefolii (Cockerell), Chaetosiphon (Pentarichopus) thomasi Hille Ris Lambers, Chaetosi
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...sequestration during the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. An experiment the data for above and below phytomass for grazed and un- grazed range land was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and Dry Combustion method.Four transect lines were drawn in each experimental plot. Twenty four samples of each experimental plot were ...
Wanchao Zhu1, Qinguo Wei1, Shuyu Xue1, Huanxin Zhang2, Tianshu Lv1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...respectively. The polymorphic information content value ranged from 0.181 to 0.573. Null allele frequency varied from -0.0548 to 0.0563. The sets of loci proved to correctly discriminate populations using Principal Coordinate analysis. These polymorphic markers will be useful tools for investigating genetic diversity and population structure of this species.
...
Zuhao Huang*, Meifang Li, Rujue Ruan and Jiawei Qin
... used to reconstruct the phylogenetic trees based on HKY+ G model. The phylogenetic tree grouped members of every genus were grouped into each clade, except the genus Gorsachius. Our results indicated that the genus Gorsachius might not be monophyletic.
...
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
...th normal saline (NS) or phosphate buffered saline (PBS), Protocol II (heating effect during incubation in tampon solution); smears were immersed in tampon either at room temperature or at 60oC, Protocol III (concentration of dye in staining solution); slides were stained with 1, 5, 200, 500, or 1000µg/mL solution. The slides were observed, intensity of staining and debris presence in samples. The debris pre...
Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
... γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1α) gene with diabetes in Pakistani population. A total of 900 blood samples (diabetic=451, controls=449) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. A significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between cases (Gly/Gly, 66.9%; Gly/Ser, 20.17%; Ser/Ser, 12.8%) and controls (Gly/Gly, 67.4%; Gly/Ser, 28.5%; Ser/Ser, 4.00%) (p = 0.013). The cases showed significantly higher freq...
Syed Tanveer Shah* and Muhammad Sajid
...m nitrate and calcium sulphate) at three calcium concentrations (0.5, 0.75 and 1.0%) stored for 30 days at 10 days interval. The experimental results showed that calcium sources, concentration and storage duration significantly affected all the studied attributes. More fruit firmness (5.57 and 5.69 kg cm2), less Total soluble solids [TSS] (8.57 and 8.26 °Brix) and TSS-acid ratio (12.62 and 11.48) were recorded by the alone application of calcium chloride a...
Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan
Muhammad Hannan Ahmed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Abu Bakar M. Raza1, M. Afzal1, A. Khaliq1, Yasir Iftikhar2 and Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3
...st complex like jassid, aphid, thrips and mites. The present study was conducted on six cotton cultivars (3 Bt and 3 non-Bt) to monitor the population dynamics of thrips in relation to abiotic climatic factors. Interaction effect was found significant in Bt varieties but not for non-Bt cultivars. Average thrips population per leaf on various Bt and non-Bt varieties showed that the CIM-557 along with BT-703 had the high...
Furqan Sabir1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Bushra Muneer2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3, Muhammad Wasim1 and Sehrish Firyal1
...lementation of feed with phytase is the most suitable strategy for the availability of free phosphorus for the growth of monogastric poultry birds. Current study deals with the production and characterization of recombinant thermostable phytase from Thermotoga naphthophila (
Fang Wang, Yong-Fang Jia, Po Wang, Qi-Yan Du and Zhong-Jie Chang*
...gonad differentiation, 5dph fry of carp were exposed to different concentrations of LET. At 130 dph, sex ratio was recorded. The results showed that continuous exposure to LET induced the changes of sex ratio. High concentration of LET can promote male-biased sex ratio. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism by which LET caused sex reversal, juvenile carp (120dph) were exposed to 0, 5,...
Carolina Torres Alejo1,2, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra1,2, Paulo Eduardo Brandão1,2, Luis Ramiro Luna Espinoza1,2 and Fabio Gregori1,2*
... concomitant infection emphasizes the need for continued monitoring of poultry flocks to better understand its epidemiology and understanding the impact of one virus on the pathobiology of second virus ...
Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Nauman-ul-Islam1, Hayazuddin2*, Imtiaz Ali Shah1, Abdur Raziq1, Subhan Ullah3 and Arsalan Ali Shah1
... B and C on the basis of physiological and productive status (n= 08). Experimental animals were allocated to diet containing zero (control), 12 and 18 percent MSC. All the three rations were iso-caloric and iso-nitrogeniuos. Each cow was given a daily feed ration according to NARC standards. Milk yield of each experimental animals were recorded twice daily while its composition were checked through milk analyzer twice a week. Mean daily production of milk amon...
Shahid Hussain Farooqi1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Muhammad Imran Rashid2, Muhammad Oneeb2, Amjad Khan3, Amjad Islam Aqib1 and Shakeel Mahmood4
...of study found Rhepicephalus the most prevalent genus followed by Heamaphysalis, Hyalomma, Dermacenter and Amblyomma with the prevalence of 78.50%, 10.33%, 10.08%, 0.67% and 0.42%, respectively. On species basis, R. (Boophilus) annulatus, R. (Boophilus) microplus, Heamaphysalis aci...
Rana Muhammad Aadil1,2*, Xin-An Zeng1, Saqib Jabbar3, Akmal Nazir2, Abid Aslam Mann2, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal Khan2, Abdullah2, Amna Ramzan2
Masooma Munir1,2*, Aqsa Qayyum1, Saeeda Raza1, Nouman Rashid Siddiqui1, Amer Mumtaz1, Naeem Safdar1, Sahar Shible1, Sohaib Afzal3, Saiqa Bashir4
...eds are used not only as pharmaceutical plant but also for culinary purpose. The current study has been undertaken to develop a nutritious, healthy and value added drink. Proximate, mineral analysis, total polyphenol content and mineral analysis of basil seeds was conducted. Result revealed that basil seeds are not only good source of fiber and protein but they provide appreciable amount of minerals and
Asim Gulzar1,*, Ather Maqsood1, Munir Ahmed1, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Ali2 and Rahmatullah Qureshi3
...er)is very important polyphagous insect pest with wide host range known for its economic losses worldwide. Its ability to develop resistance to insecticides faster to identify alternates like biocontrol agents, plant extracts etc. In the present study the extract of Citrullus colocynthis in different solvents were evaluated on second instar larvae of H. armigera under laboratory studies for toxicity, sublethal and antifeedant effect. The r...
Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1
...ver, the interference of physico-chemical properties of the emulsions are overlooked when compared to antigenic properties. This study was designed to assess the effect of two different commercial inactivated water-in-oil multivalent vaccines; vaccine A contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and D274 strains), NDV (Clone 30), aMPV (BUT 8544) and IBDV (classic strain) whereas vaccine B contains IBV (Massachusetts M41 and a Brazil type strain), NDV (LaSota strain), aMP...
Aqsa Mehboob1, Noor Khan1,*, Usman Atiq1, Khalid Javed Iqbal2, Rafia Tayyab1, Syeda Suhaira Batool1, Hafiza Saleha Batool1, Sana Amjad1 and Mehwish Tanveer1
...catfish Pangasius hypophthalmus. The experiment was conducted in fiberglass tank having capacity of 18 L water with a stocking density of 25 fish fry per aquaria. There were two treatment groups; T1, T2 and a control (T0) each was replicated twice. Fenugreek as an additive was added in experimental feed at the rate of 0.5% in T1 and 1.0% in T2 while control T0 was without fenugreek supple...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Wasiullah1 and Wiqar Ahmad1
...d Microcoleus-MMF-5 (Cryophilus) were applied randomly to flooded rice in pots. Rice seedlings were transplanted to each pot on July 18, 2016. The data were recorded on agronomic parameters of rice crop, plant tissue and post-harvest soil analysis. But in this paper, data on availability of major plant nutrients, soil organic matter and plant dry weight are presented. The data revealed that cyanobacteria strains had significantly (p < 0.05) increased the av...
Zahid Mehmood*, Alam Zeb and Muhammad Ayub
...ives (potassium metabisulphite, potassium sorbate and sodium benzoate) on the storage stability of muskmelon jam. The treatments included MJ1 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + no preservatives), MJ2 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.1% sodium benzoate), MJ3 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.1% potassium sorbate), MJ4 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.01% potassium metabislulphite), MJ5 (Muskmelon + Sucrose + 0.05% sodium benzoate + 0.05% potassium sorbate), MJ6 ...
Hassan Hashim Ghalib, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Abbas Ullan Jan and Ghaffar Ali
...quo; net-return and atmospheric temperature, represented with a temperature response curve, is inverted U shaped having a yield maximizing temperature level of 25oC. The rainfall response curve for net-return is U shaped and the minimum net-return rainfall level is 89.6mm. Forecasting of net-returns for the whole KP reveals that an increase in temperature by 2oC from current average level could reduce wheat growers’ net-return by 37 percent. Increase in ...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...arameters such as embryo physiological age, co-cultivation period, addition of L-cysteine in co-cultivation medium, heat shock to immature embryos prior to infection, resting stage and Agrobacterium strains that deliver T-DNA into plant cell from which whole plant can be regenerated. The results indicated that optimal embryo physiological age is 15 and 18 days after pollination and transient transformation efficiency decreas...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...er 16/8 hours light/dark photoperiod. The study confirmed that embryogenic type II calli obtained from half of coleoptilar node of maize seedling is fully capable to regenerate into whole plant under specific chemical and environmental conditions....
Asmatullah Kaka2, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff 1, Nurhusien Yimer1, A.M Khumran1, Akeel Ahmed Memon2, Kazhal Sarsaifi1 andMahdi Ebrahimi3
...ect of the addition of alpha linolenic acid (ALA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) on frozen-thawed quality of bull semen. Twenty-four ejaculates (8 from each bull) were collected from three bulls. Semen ejaculates having motility ≥70% and normal morphology ≥80% were extended into Tris extender consist of equal concentration of each ALA and DHA (0, 3, 5, 10,15ng/ml). Extended semen was cooled at 5oC for 2 hour...
Habibun Nabi1, Saher Islam2, Amna Arshad Bajwa2, Imran Rashid1,*, Haroon Akbar1, Wasim Shehzad2, Kamran Ashraf1, Nisar Ahmad1 and Aneela Durrani3
...DNASTAR Lasergene. After phylogenetic analysis with 3 clonal types and atypical strains, and on the basis of restriction map of HhaI and Sau3AI, our 3 isolates of T. gondii were found more closely linked to a typical strain. This is the first genetic analysis of T. gondii in Pakistan. In order to develop our knowledge about the toxoplasmosis epidemiology, further genotype analyses of T. gondii from animals and man need to be performed in P...
Rabia Arif*, Shahar Bano, Muhammad Ishfaq and Muhammad Saleem
...hile V9 showed no polymorphism. Sequences were submitted to NCBI GenBank under the accession numbers; KY001568; KY000838; KY000839 for S3, N5 and N6 strains. 1% cellulose was found effective to enhance the mycelial and perithecial growth.
...
Zabih Ullah*, H. Rahman and Niaz Muhammad
...ated traits in the geographical location of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The experiment was conducted at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during the cropping season of 2016. Randomized complete block design was used, having two replications and 35 genotypes, comprised of 33 hybrids and two local checks. Data were recorded on days to 50% tasseling, days to 50% anthesis, days to 50% silking, anthesis silking interval, plant height and ear eight. Analysis of varian...
Naheed Bano* and Muhammad Afzal
... 1.5 and 3%) whereas the phytase levels were (0, 500 and 1000 FTU). The addition of 3 % citric acid and 1000FTU phytase produced significant interaction effect on calcium and phosphorus digestibility and different body contents of L. rohita. Phytase and citric acid increased the digestibility of calcium and phos...
Mehmet Guvenc1,*, Ayşe Nilay Guvenc3, Ökkeş Yılmaz2 and Mehmet Tuzcu2
Nosheen Rafiq1, Asmatullah Kakar2,*, Arshad Ghani3, Asim Iqbal2, Wali Mohammad Achakzai2, Shagufta Sadozai2, Mohammad Shafiq4 and Mohammad Alam Mengal5
... (26.16%), and Boophilus microplus (8.67%). The risk factor like sex and age of cattle did not demonstrate enormous relationship with the infestation ratio but rather there was relationship with both breeds and body conditions. The commonness of tick infestation in medium body condition (92.9%), poor body condition (57.44%), and good body condition (87.39%) was observed to be significant at P-value (P < 0.01) among the three body. Analysis ...
Attaullah Ansari* and Nasreen Memon
... Hoverflies (Diptera: Syrphidae) fauna were studied in five different habitats of various localities of central Sindh during March to December 2015. Adult specimens were captured/trapped through Malaise trap, Yellow pan water trap and insect hand net. As a result, a total of 783 specimens belonging to 8 species, 6 genera of two subfamilies were collected, among which Episurphusbaltatus, De Geer, Eritalinus aeneus, Scopo...
Liana Mihaela Fericean1* and Mihaela Corneanu2
...tablished.
...
Rehana Shahida1, Tasnim Farasat1, Shagufta Naz1,* and Shahjahan2
...the expression of TNF-α among impaired glucose tolerant (n=35), diabetic subjects (n-35) and age matched healthy control (n=35), and to identify the relationship of inflammatory cytokines with insulin resistance and the molecular mechanisms involved in the interaction of atherosclerosis and hyperglycemia within the context of chosen pro atherogenic parameters including plasma glucose level, serum levels of insulin, IL-6, and TNF-&al...
Talat Bilal Yasoob and Nasir Ali Tauqir*
...ent was conducted in two phases. In first phase (0-4 weeks), six broiler starter rations were formulated; a ration without NaHCO3 was served as control whereas other five rations had 0.15-0.73% NaHCO3 in the rations. In this way six dietary treatments resulted in dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and sodium levels of 245, 262, 279, 297, 314, 331 meq/kg and 0.166, 0.206, 0.246, 0.286, 0.326, 0.336%, resp...
Amjad Ali1*, Sher Aslam Khan2, Abid Farid2, Ayub khan2, Shah Masaud Khan2 and Naushad Ali2
...e yield at genotypic and phenotypic levels. ...
Estimation of Heritability, Genetic Advance and Correlation for Marphological Traits in Spring Wheat
Arshad Iqbal1*, Iftikhar Hussain Khalil1, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1 and Muhammad Sharif Kakar2
...ield had strong positive phenotypic and genetic correlation with heading, maturity, flag leaf area and biological yield. Spring wheat genotype SM12 had best performance for grains spike-1 and grain weight spike-1 should be further tested at different location of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa for possible release as a new cultivar. ...
Jiandong Wu, Miao Ye and Zaigui Wang*
Xue-yang Wang1, Shang-zhi Zhang1, Ming-hui Liu2, Dong Yu1, Yan Ma1, Dong-qiong Fei1, Hai-zhong Yu1 and Jia-ping Xu1,*
...est expression in hemolymph, significantly high expression levels in 4th instar, moth, and egg, stable high expression levels in the early embryonic development, relatively high expression levels in the 1st day and 5th day of the pupa stage, and highest expression levels in the molting stage. What’s more, BmARM-like protein could be detected by immunofluorescence in all analyzed tissues, including head, midgut, hemolym
Ayesha Aihetasham1,*, Muhammad Saeed Akhtar1, Maryam Umer1, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Muhammad Imran Din3
...t extracts by chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) revealed five different compounds in F. vulgare: Piperidine, 3-isopropyl, Bicyclo[2.2.1]heptan-2-one, 1,3,3-trimethyl, Benzaldehyde, 4-methoxy, Estragole, 11-Octadecenoic acid, methyl ester and 9-Octadecenoic acid ethyl ester. Whereas nine different compounds were identified in extracts of O. basilicum. These were: 1-Isopropyl-2, 2-dimethylpropylideneamine, Camph
Nehafta Bibi1, Muhammad Shafiq2, Munawar Saleem Ahmad3 and Haitao Wang1,4,*
...inant individuals for neophobia and influence of social context on foraging. In our experiments, a subject (observer) was presented with three novel and familiar food in each of three contexts: asocial, first social context (conspecifics without food) and second social context (conspecifics with food). The results showed that individuals preferred to consume novel food only in social context comparing to asocial. Furthermore, individuals consumed significantly...
Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu*, Cüneyt Süzer,Şahin Saka andKürşat Firat
...different anaesthetics 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil on the sedation of some aquarium fish species. The induction and recovery times were determined at five stages of melanistic and not melanistic clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) and different sexes of Swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri). Clownfish were tested with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ml/l
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat
...vy toll in yield due to aphid attack, which affects plant vitality and grain production. Planting resistant/tolerant varieties against pests is the main way to overcome these field losses. Present study is an effort to screen different wheat varieties/lines against aphids under field conditions. Wheat varieties, Galaxy-13, Millat-11, Lasani-08, Faisalabad-08, and two wheat lines NW-1-8183-8 and NW-3-3341-7 were sown at Nucle...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
... yielding. Genotypic and phenotypic correlations studies revealed that number of pods per plant had highly significant positive correlation with seed yield. The results of path coefficient analysis indicated that in both years, the direct effects of pod length and number of pods per plant on grain yield were positive and of high magnitude. Finally, it was concluded that the trait pods per plant can be exploited for the improvement of seed yield in rapeseed.
Muhammad Imran Mahmood* and Muhammad Zubair
...ought. The highest chlorophyll contents (73.51%) after experiment was observed in Sufeda under flooding and the lowest chlorophyll contents (7.32) after experiment was observed in Neem under flooding. Opposite to that Neem showed maximum chlorophyll contents (55.23%) under drought. Similarly, the maximum root dry weight (25.21 g) at the end of the after experiment in Sufeda under flooding ...
Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1
...ts showed differences in physico-chemical parameters of water samples collected from all the sites. The concentrations of Zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and nickel (Ni) were higher in river water as compared to farm and hatchery. Different organs of fish collected from different sites showed variations in their metal concentration. In Indus River fish, the concentrations of metals were highest in liver followed by kidney and gills. The Indus River fish also exh...
Carolina A. Bonin1,2, Eric A. Lewallen2,3, Andre J. van Wijnen3, Marta Jussara Cremer4 and Paulo C. Simões-Lopes5*
...xtinctions of coastal dolphin species indicate that marine mammal populations are susceptible to rapid decline. Yet, effective conservation efforts depend on population-level ecological data. To obtain principal baseline data that will inform management efforts, we characterized the habitat and recorded the behaviour of a Guiana dolphin (Sotalia guianensis) population within one of the most well-preserved estuaries of...
Liushuai Hua1,3, Shiping Gong1,*, Xiangjing Zhong2, Jun Tao2, Yu Chen2 and Jieming Deng2
...e (Platysternon megacephalum) is endangered in the wild because of illegal trade, overharvesting and habitat destruction. Captive breeding is an effective protection against extinction, but safe overwintering is still technically difficult to captive big-headed turtles. Determining optimal hibernation conditions is important in resolving this problem. In this study, the effects of two important environmental conditions (water depth and availability of s...
Zhenyu Chang1, Hui Zhang1, Khalid Mehmood1,2, Mujeeb Ur Rehman1, Xiaodan Yuan1, Zhaoyang Li1, Fazul Nabi1, Xiaoxing Wu1, Xinxin Tian1, Xueting Liu1, Jingen Xu3 and Donghai Zhou1,*
...thylthiazol-2-yl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assays and real-time quantitative PCR, respectively. The results showed that rhTFF3 effectively prevented the cell injury induced by LPS (P<0.05). A low concentration of LPS (10 µg/mL) down-regulated the expression of TFF3 mRNA, whereas a high concentration of LPS (100 µg/mL) up-regulated TFF3 mRNA expression. Furthermore, TFF3 mRNA expression was decreased by rhTFF3 treatment. Thes...
Minmin Chen1, Xiaoke Zhang1, Kexiong Wang2, Zhigang Liu1, An Wan3, Daoping Yu1,*, Hong Ji3 and Fangzhen Peng1
... finless porpoise (Neophocaena asiaeorientalis asiaeorientalis) is a critically endangered species, as the whole population in the wild suffered sharp decline and fragmentation. Observations of the local spatial and temporal distribution dynamics can help establish better conservation strategies. In order to understand the characteristics of habitat chosen, a continuous 15 months observation on the distribution patterns of the Yangtze finless porpoise a...
Farid S. Ataya,1,2,* Dalia Fouad,3,4 Ajamaluddin Malik,1 Nikolaos E. Labrou,5 Mohamed S. Daoud1,6 and Hesham M. Saeed7
Jianping Li1, Qian Jiang2, Wei Chen2, Yumei Li3, Huaizhi Jiang4, Jinlong Huo5 and Qiaoling Zhang2*
...e precursor of the melanophore. It plays an important role in the multiplication, migration and survival of melanophores. As of yet, no studies have addressed the diverse expression of the KIT gene and its protein ingoats of different fur colors. The effect of KIT mutations on KIT protein expression was examined in white cashmere and black cashmere goats. A single A→G missense mutation in exon 13 di...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Madeeha Khalid1, Rehman Shehzad1, Sana Mughal1 and A.R. Shakoori2
...el filtration chromatography using Sephadex-G100 and ion exchange chromatography on DEAE- Sepharose, employing a linear salt gradient. SDS-PAGE was used to monitor the purification steps, and protein band was located by immunoblotting technique. Bubaline placental lactogen was purified to homogeneity and showed a molecular weight of about 30 kD. Purified...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1, Khalid Mahmood1,* and Muhammad Akhtar1
....
...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...protein located in neutrophils and tissue that likely plays a vital role in host defense against GNB (gram-negative bacteria) and their endotoxin by means of its antibiotic and endotoxin neutralizing and disposing functions. BPI has several biological functions in mammals such as human, bovine, pig and rabbit, it also has major influence in the natural defense of the animal body. In this paper, by comparative study on BPI gene expression in various tissues bet...
Pei-feng Yin1,2,Xiu-xiu Li1,Qi-wei Zeng3, Cheng-chen Shen1, Le Gao1 andJian-zhang Ton2,*
..., Two-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE), matrix-assisted laser desorption/ ionisation time-of-flight tandem mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF-TOF MS) and bioinformatics technique were used for characterize the differential expressed proteins. Almost 78 patho-stress responsive proteins which expression level more than 1.5-fold were identified, where 50 proteins were up-regulated and 28 proteins were down-regulated; The identified proteins were categorized into 16 c...
LX Ye1,2, JX Wang1,2,*, P Li1,2 and XT Zhang1,2
... the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-immunopositive (ghrelin-ip) cells in the testes of African ostrich were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The testes of African ostrich consisted of a capsule and parenchyma. The capsule was divided into three annular layers, and the parenchyma consisted of tubular compartments and interstitial tissue. The tubular compartments were comprised of the seminiferous tubules, straight seminiferous...
Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1*, Amir Shakeel1, Muhammad Amir Maqbool1, Muhammad Waheed Anwar1, Zoraiz Tanveer1 and Muhammad Fahad Irfan2
...vance suggested vigorous phenotypic selection in breeding population for the improvement of crop traits. The correlation coefficient depicted that seed cotton yield is positively associated with other yield contributing traits suggesting that more than one trait can be used as indirect selection criteria in segregating populations. ...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Yue-Hui Ma2, Ming-Xing Chu2, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Hui-Jiang Gao2, Huai-Zhi Jiang3, Di Liu4, Li Liu5, Yan-Bin Zhu6, Wang-Dui Basang6, Luo-Bu Danjiu7, Tian-Wu An8, Xiao-Lin Luo8, Shi-Cheng He7 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...g pathway, and oxidative phosphorylation. The results of the present study confirmed that the selection of the dominant follicle involved the regulation of various physiological systems. These results provided helpful data to understand on the molecular mechanisms of dominant follicle selection in goats.
...
Imran Ali Rajput1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1, Imran Khatri1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi2
...opulation of Pectinophora gossypiella (Saund) which is the main pest of cotton in all over the world. Nevertheless, the indigenous botanical extracts have been used effectively against various sucking pests of cotton but only few studies have been attempted to observe their action against bollworms. Therefore, the present study has been designed to observe the dual action of transgenic cotton and botanical extracts against pink bollworm during t...
Fahad Tanveer1, Adnan Afzal2, Muhammad Adeel3*, Sana Shahid4 and Maham Masood5
... of sustained natural apophyseal glides (SNAGs) versus Maitland manual therapy in improving non-specific neck pain. It was a quasi-experimental study design. The study was conducted in Chaudhary Muhammad Akram, Teaching & Research Hospital, Lahore and Suriya Azeem Teaching Hospital, Lahore within six months from June 2015 to December 2015. A total of 75 subjects with non-specific neck pain using non-probability convenience sampling technique who fulfilled ...
Sana Imran1*, Sarwat Jahan2 and Mohammad Sair3
Temel Gokturk1, Elif Tozlu2,* and Recep Kotan2
...f Pseudomonas chlororaphis (NEM-28) and 1 strain of Bacillus sphaericus GC sub-group D (FD-49) and additionally 1 Beauveria bassiana (ET 10) fungus isolate were examined for their insecticidal activities in this study. The studied bio agents were tested by spraying on R. simulans nymphs and adults. B. thuringiensis subsp. kenyae, B. brevis a...
Falah Baiee1,3, Wahid Haron1,*, Rosnina Yusoff1, Ariff Omar,2 Nurhusien Yimer1, Salman Hammadi1, Tarig Ahmedeltayeb1, Asmatullah Kaka4
...erm volume, motility, morphology, viability, and concentration. In conclusion, gradation of electrical stimulation into three stages (our modified Method II) could help to ease the collection of semen samples from bulls with minimum discomfort signs. Furthermore, the modified method is also recommended to use for other animals, in particular, the wild animals.
...
Ibrar Muhammad Khan1, Rifat Ullah Khan1,*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Tahir Usman2, Adnan Khan1, Zakir Ullah1 and Hamid Rehman1
Shumaila Ashfaq1, Liaqat Ali2*, Muhammad Ashraf Zia2, Rizwan Ahmad Khan2 and Mehtash Butt3
H.I. Hosein1, Sherin Reda Rouby1*, Ahmed Menshawy1 and Ahmed E. AbdAl-Ghany2
...tigation including, retropharyngeal, prescapular, prefemoral, internal iliac, supramammary lymph nodes, udder and spleen as well as milk of 46 lactating cows were subjected for bacteriological studies for isolation and identification of Brucella organisms. Brucella melitensis biovar 3 could be recovered from 64 (61.5%) tissue specimens and 28 (60.9%) milk samples. Brucella cultures were further identified on molecular basis ...
Qunhua Han1,2, Meiwen Zhang1,*, Cong Guo2, Xunjun Zhou1, Bo Li1 and Yong Wang1
...div>We performed four morphometric measurements to study the postnatal development of Yangtze voleMicrotus fortis calamorum from birth through approximately 3 months of age with respect to growth. Vole pups were randomized into litters of 1-2 (LD, low density), 3-5 (MD, medium density), and 6-9 (HD, high density) individuals, and the body weight, body length, tail length, and hind foot length were measured and curve-fitted by using Von Bertalanff...
Anan Kenthaoand Pornpimol Jearranaiprepame*
... applied multivariate morphometric technique to identify fishery management units of C. apogon from six populations of three different river drainages: Pong, Chi, and Mun Rivers. Thirty-two truss measures and standard length were obtained using digital calliper from 291 fish individuals, and raw measured data were then subjected to allometric equation to remove size-dependent variation prior further statistical analyses. Multivariate analysis of varianc...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Aly Khan3
...ucation concerned and shepherds of Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. One hundred and fifteen (11.04%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal protozoans. Forty one (35.6%) of the participants were infected with single parasite and seventy four (64.3%) with multiple infections. Entamoeba histolytica ...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Munir3 and Muhammad Sohail Khan1
...et. Fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of date palm cv. Gulistan were assessed under agro climatic condition of D. I. Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2012 and 2013. Treatments consisted of five varied pollination timings i.e., at spathe opening day, 3, 6, 9, and 12 days after spathe opening. Fresh male strand placement technique was used in this study. Strands were cut from a freshly opened male spathe and 2 – 3 strands were ...
Ümit Kumbıçak, Zübeyde Kumbıçak* and Gülnare Huseynli
...ic features, mitotic metaphase chromosomes, karyogram and course of meiosis of Hersiliola bayrami were determined based on Giemsa-stained testicular chromosomes for the first time. Results of spermatogonial metaphases showed that the chromosome number and the karyotype formula of the species was 2n♂=35 (X1X2X30) which is the first record for the family Hersiliidae. Both autosomes...
Bacillus subtilis BML5 Isolated from Soil Contaminated with Poultry Waste has Keratinolytic Activity
Aqsa Imtiaz and Abdul Rehman*
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...s directly linked to the physiological or environmental stress. In this study occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in giraffids has been observed in species of all time intervals between 18.3-0.6 Ma except the time 11.2-9.0 (late Miocene) that has no giraffids with this dental defect. The comparative percentage for occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in giraffids of these Siwalik deposits is early Miocene-early middle Miocene (29%), middle Miocene (20%), late Miocene-e...
Pan Hong, Ruonan Li, Yumeng Li, Hainan Lan* and Xin Zheng*
...r further studies on the physiological function of pGH based on its subcellular localization.
...
Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...ation of Ala54Thr polymorphism with MetS and its risk components was studied in a local Pakistani population. MetS subjects and controls were recruited from out-patient departments of Pakistani hospitals. Ala54Thr genotyping of 200 MetS patients and 200 healthy controls was performed using a PCR-RFLP. Genotype and allele frequencies were calculated and computed for genetic associations presented as odds ratios (ORs) with a threshold of p≤0.05 to determine s...
Relationship of PIT-1 Gene Polymorphism with Breeding Parameters and Body Weights of Cows and Calves
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
...ependency between polymorphism in the PIT-1and fertility rates, body weight of cows and calves, the course of parturition and viability of calves in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cattle. The analysis included 1024 cows and 3663 calves of the Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian breed (phf). The study included an analysis of one polymorphic place PIT-1 (c.1178G>A). The sou...
Rafiullah*, Muhammad Jamal Khan and Dost Muhammad
...veness of foliar applied phosphorus for enhancing P use efficiency and crop growth at Institute of Biotechnology and Genetic Engineering, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. Wheat (cv. Atta Habib-2010) seeds were first germinated in sand culture and then three weeks old seedlings (7.5 cm) were transferred to water tubs containing Hoagland solution without P. The treatments included 0, 18, 36, 72, 144 and 216 mM as KH2PO...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...l people, hunters and shepherds (n=78). During scan sampling, focused feeding animals were observed with the help of a telescope and spotting scope. Ladakh urial preferred montane dry sub-tropical scrub zone habitat with 41.87% evidences of its presence followed by alpine meadows/alpine scrub zone (21.14%), sub-alpine scrub zone (13.41%), and dry temperate coniferous forests (8.54%). On the other hand, agricultural lands (3.24%) and dry alpine zone/permanent s...
Hayat Badshah1, Farman Ullah1, Paul-André Calatayud2, Hidayat Ullah3 and Bashir Ahmad1
...occidae) is a highly polyphagous pest of fruits, vegetables, crops and ornamentals in Pakistan. Biological control approach by using Aenasius bambawalei Hayat(Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) has been developed recently to control this pest. However, the efficiency of this parasitoid is variable according to the locality and the plants on which P. solenopsis is feeding. In this context, this experiment investigated under field and laboratory condi...
Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Muhammad Akbar Khan1, Kiran Aftab2, Ayesha Riaz3, Abdul Ghaffar4 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...lydekkeri. The boselaphines are predominant at the type locality. The taxa are consistent with a Late Miocene-Early Pliocene age of the deposits. The findings expand our knowledge on the dental anatomic features of the described species that existed in the Middle Siwalik Subgroup during the Late Miocene-Early Pliocene.
...
Serap Gelibolu1,*, Yasemen Yanar2, M. Ayce Genc3 and Ercument Genc4
...growth performance, body physiology and tissue morphology of gilthead seabream (Sparus aurata). Treatment of fish with MOS-feed shown a significant increase in live weight and protein efficiency rates when were directly compared with mock-treated fish control. However, there was no statistically supported level of significance was observed for growth rates and feed conversion rates among groups. Improved live weight a...
Saleh S. Alhewairini1,* and Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2
...gt; 0.5, using F-test Graphpad prism 7). Up to 3000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the population of N. cucumeris by 11.83 and 17.66% under greenhouse and laboratory conditions, respectively. However, 4000 ppm of Huwa-San TR50 reduced the N. cucumeris population by ~3-fold of the reduction gained with 3000 ppm in both treatments. Moreover, the maximum mortality was held between 3000 and 4000 ppm with no significant difference in the mortality of
Saleh S. Alhewairini
... weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, have forced emphasis of various research teams on finding appropriate methods for managing and controlling it. A huge fund was given for managing and controlling RPW in several countries. In this study, the potential toxicity of oxamyl to RPW was evaluated under both laboratory and field conditions. In the laboratory, oxamyl had significant effects on the mortality of ...
Xiaoting Zhang1,2, Jiaxiang Wang1,2,*, Peng Li1,2,* and Lixun Ye1,2
...trich. To provide the morphological basis of ghrelin function in the African ostrich lung, the distribution and morphological characteristics of ghrelin-ip cells were investigated using immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the lung of African ostrich was composed of interstitial tissue and parenchyma. The interstitial tissue formed a layer of serosa on the surface of the lung. The parenchyma of the lung consisted ...
Wen-Feng Li, Xiao-Yan Wang, Ying-Kun Huang*, Rong-Yue Zhang, Jiong Yin, Zhi-Ming Luoand Hong-Li Shan
...en) and Chilo sacchariphagus (Bojer) were measured in pesticide–treated and untreated areas during 2014-2016. The results indicated that the in untreated areas, percent dead-heart was 8.30% - 58.83%, the percent stalk injured was 26.73% - 96.67%, the percent internodes bored was 4.40% - 25.87%, and the effective stem number was reduced by 4440-21900 stalk/ha. Measured yield and sugar yield loss results showed cane yield was reduced by 5.32-...
Bian Xunguang1,2, Li Jiancheng1, Xu Chu1 and Yang Li2,3,4,*
...or the regulation of the physiological activities of poultry oviduct and the molecular mechanism of sperm storage.
...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...mine the toxic effect of phosphine on microsomal enzymes (NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH-CPR), ethylmorphine-N demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase) and soluble protein contents of a wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium...
Rana Fartab Shoukat1, Shoaib Freed1,*, Kanwar Waqas Ahmad1 and Ateeq-ur-Rehman2
...rin, imidacloprid, triazophos, spinosad, pyriproxyfen and nitrinpyrum, as larvicides against C. pipiens. Highest larval percent mortality (73.3 ± 4.7) was observed after application of Ma-11.1(LC40) + nitenpyram (LC40) mixtures under laboratory and field conditions (71.5 ± 7.4). The results showed a significant effect of binary treatments of fungi and chemical insecticides on biological parameters of C. pipiens...
Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5
... systemscombined with glyphosate herbicide on soil moisture content,bulk density and porosity associated with wheat grain yield were evaluated. Seven tillage treatments were applied in the fallow periods (summer seasons) of both years before sowing of wheat crop. These tillage treatments were (i) Once Mould board plowing followed by 8 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 8 CS) as a check, (ii) No-till followed by twice application of gly...
Tariq Mahmood*1, Syed Wasif Ahmed Shah1, Muhammad Rais1, Hira Fatima1, Faraz Akrim1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
...
Nesting is a common phenomenon in reproductive behavior of birds that plays an important role during their different life stages. Nest composition and location are important factors in studying utility of plant material by avifauna. The current study investigated nesting use of tree species by avifauna at Pabbi Range Forest Kharian (32.811°N and 73.865°E), District Gujrat, from September 2013 to June 2015. Data were collected from five selected sa...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...fan+chlorpyrifos) in peripheral blood erythrocytes of freshwater fish, Oreochromis niloticus by using Comet assay. The 96-h LC50 value of pesticide mixture was estimated for 180-old fingerlings of O. niloticusin a static system and then four sub-lethal concentrations viz. 1/3rd of LC50, 1/4th of LC50, 1/5th of LC50 and 1/6th of LC50 were calc...
Naila Riaz1 , Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2* , Khizar Samiullah3
...thidae) against Rhopalosiphum erysimi (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in the laboratory. R. erysimi were treated orally as well as topically with different concentrations of the crude venom. All aphids died within 6 hr with oral treatment at 1.5µl of the venom dose. However, at the same venom dose, 100% mortality was achieved at 8 hr posttreatment when applied topically. Similarly, oral admin...
Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4
...ult birds while alkaline phosphatase (ALP) values were significantly (P<0.05) higher 104.86±16.39 iu/L in grower birds. Similarly, the rearing systems also influenced biochemical parameters of M. gallopavo and significantly (P<0.05) higher values for cholesterol 6.18±0.07mmol/L and ALT 31.26±1.67 iu/L were recorded in birds reared under confinement rearing system. Values for globulin 1.92±0....
Warda Fatima1 , Shahida Hasnain1 , Saqib Mahmood2
... New Roman";">Schizophrenia is a chronic psychosis with a worldwide prevalence of 1%. It is diagnosed on the basis of psychiatricsymptoms and till now no biochemical test is available for its diagnosis. It is considered one of the most costlydisease in terms of diagnosis and treatment. Its heritability content is considered to be up to 80% but still it isunknown whether it’s a pure genetic disease. It is considered a polygenic multifactorial conditi...
Sidra Iqbal1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Fouzia Tabbsum1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
Muhammad Iqbal Anjum*, Shahbaz Javaid and Mukhtar Ahmad Nadeem
...ol with 0.83% di-calcium phosphate (DCP); R-II contained 50% less DCP (0.41%) than R-I and R-III contained R-II plus phytase Quantum® Blue @ 100 g/ton feed. Daily feed intake and weekly body weight gain per replicate were recorded for 35 days. On 35th day, blood and tibia bone samples from 5 birds per treatment were collected. Total weight gain and dry matter intake in chick...
Muhammad Khalid, Muhammad Naeem*
...gn: justify;">Various morphometric characters i.e. total length (TL) standard length (SL), head length (HL), head width (HW), body girth (BG), body depth (BD), Dorsal fin length (DFL), pectoral fin length (PtFL), pelvic fin length (PvFL), anal fin length (AFL), eye diameter (ED), caudal fin length (CFL), caudal fin width (CFW) of farmed collected Ctenopharyngodonidella were studied to know their correlation with reference to...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1, Farhat Jabeen1, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain 2,Sajjad Ahmad3, Abida Ashraf4,Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
...stimate the influence of phytase addition on mineral availability to fishfingerlings fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based test diets. Anti-utritional factors (phytate) are present in plant by-products reduces the bioavailability of minerals to fish, resulting in poor fish erformance. Test ingredient was used as M.oleiferaleaf meal (MOLM) to prepare six experimental diets that were supplemented with graded levels of
Fatima Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan2*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3, Fouzia Tabbsum3, Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...ptimization of dilute sulphuric acid pretreatment of peanut shells as substrate for the production of cellulose enzyme using Box-Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. The pretreatment of substrate was conducted through Box- Bhenken design of Response Surface Methodology. Three factors with three levels such as H2SO4 conc. (0.6, 0.8, 1%), substrate conc. (5, 10, 15%) and residence time (4, 6, 8h) were employed for pretreatment with and without autocla...
Naeem Iftikhar1, Qamar Zaman Qamar2, Usman Ali3, Muhammad Siddique Awan4, Syeda Shaista Bibi4, Riaz Aziz Minhas4*
... the population of Cheer pheasant in Pakistan. Study was conducted from July 2010 to June 2011 to determine the potential of these sites as a possible focal point to start Cheer pheasant conservation activities in AJK. A total of 579 individuals was estimated from study sites. Highest population (n=434) was recorded at Qazi Nag Game Reserve, followed by Phalla Game Reserve (n=117) while minimum population (n=28) was noted at...
Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5
...ord various socio-demographic characters of patients and their dietary history. Prevalence rate of anemia in the present study was found to be 78% (9.57±1.07), between age 19-40 years and it’s higher in 3rd trimester of their pregnancies. Additionally low educational status and poor dietary habits showed high risks of anemia among the pregnant women....
Maryum Fakhar, Iqra Jabbar, Anjum Nasim Sabri*
...dherence, motility, hydrophobicity, aggregation and biofilm formation of two salt tolerant strains [Bacillus subtilis and Halomonas aquamarina (1)] in the presence of nickel. Two concentrations of nickel were used i.e., 500μg/ml and 1000μg/ml for subsequent tests. The results revealed that at low/ sub-inhibitory concentration of nickel (500 μg/ml), motility is inhibited; adhesion, hydrophobicity, aggregation, EPS pr...
Asma Akhtar, Abdul Rehman
...es were identified as Staphylococcus epidermidis and Staphylococcus lactis on the basis of biochemical tests and 16S rRNA sequence. The minimum inhibitory concentration of both isolates showed fair growth up to 1 mM of K2Te2O3. Both strains showed maximum growth at 37ºC and pH of 7. The bacterial growth in the presence of metal ions was delayed as compared to the control. High ellurite reduction potential was shown 98% ...
Bushra Mazhar1, Nusrat Jahan1, Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa andleeb2, Shaukat Ali2*
... in food, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries is chemically synthesized vanillin. The current research was carried out to explore local bacterial isolates for vanillin production using waste residues of rice bran oil. After the screening of different bacterial isolates, a novel strain Enterobacter hormaechei showed significant production of vanillin when inoculated in waste residues of rice bran based media. E. hormaechei produced 5.2 g/l of vanillin in c...
Phong Huy Pham1 and Hoa Thi Dang2
... is a new record to the sphecid fauna of Vietnam. The first information on nesting biology, description, and distributional notes are also provided....
Rabia Qurashi, Qurat ul Ane Gillani* and Furhan Iqbal*
...3-N [1-(S)-(3,4- dichlorophenyl) ethyl] amino-2-(S)- hydroxypropyl-P-benzyl-phosphinic acid), intraperitoneally injected for 12 days, on hematological and serum biochemical profile of 6 week old male albino mice. Blood samples from male albino mice (CGP55845 treated N = 14 and saline treated N = 16) were collected directly by cardiac puncture and used for estimation of hematological and so...
Malak Atiq Ullah Khan* and Fida Mohammad
...d E on the expression of phenotype for all traits. Average over nine environments, genotype G-79 exhibited maximum values for tillers m-2 (181 tillers); grains spike-1 (71 grains); grain yield (4862 kg ha-1) and thus appeared as leading genotype for yield and production traits. Similarly, G-79 had higher grain yield in all test environments except E-03 i.e. E-01 (4537 kg ha-1); E-02 (4840 kg ha-1); E-04 (5035 kg ha-1); E-05 (4976 kg ha-1); E-06 (4797 kg ha-1);...
Qingying Jia1, Hui Wang1, Tianhong Wang1, Na Dong1, Shuguang Ren1,2, Xiaolong Yang1, Jingze Liu1,* and Zhijun Yu1,3,*
...iv>...
Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad
...was field-tested using alpha lattice design in two replications at Peshawar (E-1 and E-3), Hangu (E-2 and E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan during 2011/12 and 2012/13.GGE biplot analysis explained 79.89% (PC1=56.57 and PC2= 23.32%) of the total variation. Genotype G19 positioning on vertex in sectorE-3, E-4 and E-5, while G30 in sector E-1 and E-2 revealed their specific suitability to these environments. GGE biplotrecognizedE-4 as ide...
Rimsha Nawaz1, Muhammad Javed1, Sidra Abbas1* and Safina Kousar2
...to tetraguaiacol, spectrophotometrically, at a wavelength of 470 nm. The peroxidase activity was measured in the selected organs exposed to various sub-lethal concentrations of iron chloride. The results revealed that peroxidase activity was increased significantly in both kidney and liver after exposure to iron chloride in all the treatments as compared to the control group. It was found that enzyme peroxidase had activity of 0.364±0.004 and 0.588&plus...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Fakhra Fazal1, Faraz Akrim1, Hira Fatima1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
... the Potohar Plateau. Morphologically, the two species differ in their body size, so there could be substantial anatomical differences between them, not yet documented. The current study compared morphological and anatomical characteristics of the two species inhabiting the Potohar Plateau. Results showed marked morphological and anatomical differences between two mongoose species studied....
Zahid Farooq1, Sufi Muhammad Akram2, Muhammad Saleem Khan3,* and Muhammad Wajid4
...ied based on external morphological features. Total 521 specimens collected/captured belonged to 5 families, 16 genera and 25 species. Indian cobra (Naja naja)(8.83%; N = 46), Glossy-bellied racer(Coluber ventromaculatus)(7.87%; N = 41) and Common krait (Bungarus caeruleus)(7.49%; N = 39) were higher in prevalence. Northern wolf snake (Lycodon striatus striatus), Sind long-nose sand snake (Lytorhynchus paradoxus)and Af...
Addishiwot Fekdu, Afework Bekele and Demeke Datiko*
... trapped species were: Lophuromys melanonyx (242), Stenocephalemys albocaudata (126), Arvicanthis blicki (86), Mus Mahomet (3), Dendromus lovati (1), and Crocidura fumosa (4). Tachyoryctes macrocephalus was recorded as frequently observed species. Four endemic species of rodents were identified in the area (Lophuromys melanonyx, Arvicanthis blicki, Dendr...
Farah Rauf Shakoori, Momina Shokat, Faiza Saleem and Tanzeela Riaz
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...rain, showed sexual dimorphism, and were inconsistently expressed during embryogenesis. These results indicated that CcSoxD plays an important role in the development of the nervous system and may be involved in sexual development in carp. And they provide a foundation for further study of the function of CcSoxD genes during carp development and neurogenesis.
...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
...nd describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where the seroprevalence for H3N8 was 14.51% (101/696), for H7N7 6.03% (42/696), and 3.59% (25/696) as mixed infections, suggesting EIV current and active circulation in equine population of Pakistan. Statistical analysis suggested predicting variables i...
Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo, Lihua Jiang, Changwen Wu and Liqin Liu*
... China, and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship with other cephalopod species. The results show that the mitochondrial genome of O. dollfusi composed of 15843 nucleotide pairs and encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and a major long noncoding region (LNCR) of the mitochondrion’s own protein synthesizing system. Seven of thirteen proteins, eight tRNAs are encoded by the plus...
Muhammad Usman Saleem1, Saima Masood1,*, Hafsa Zaneb1, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Asim Aslam3, Kamran Ashraf4, Habib-ur-Rehman5, Muti-ur-Rehman3 and Muhammad Shabir Shaheen6
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed*
...males were killed for morphological and histological examination of transplanted ovaries. Blood samples were taken for analysis of complete blood picture. The results indicated presence of a neovascular capillary network around transplanted ovarian tissues. In addition, visible antral follicles and corpora lutea was demonstrated on the ovarian tissues upon transplantation. Histological examination indicated that transplanted young ovarian tissues restored func...
Qamar-un-Nisa1, Muhammad Younus2,*, Muti-ur-Rehman1, Azhar Maqbool3 and Sajid Umar4
...edding (P<0.05) in oropharyngeal swabs was observed in co-infected groups than single infected groups. The results revealed that experimental co-infection of E. coli and NDV enhances the degree of severity of clinical signs, gross lesions and death rate and warns that E. coli and NDV can cause substantial economic losses by exercising additive or synergistic pathogenic effect in the reproduction of respiratory disease if given simultaneously o...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4
...quent exacerbator’ phenotype and determine the risk factors for increased frequency of acute exacerbations in local chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a cross sectional analytical study design. For this purpose 137 patients were included in the study after obtaining necessary permissions from the ethical board of the hospital. COPD was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and a post bronchodilator values of FEV1/FVC<0.70 o...
Muhammad Zahid1*, Muhammad Ather Javed Khan2, Muhammad Idrees3 and Ahmad Kamran Khan4
...armers used pesticides haphazardly while 1.3% used after it. 90.7%, 86.7% and 97.3% farmers were aware of economic threshold level of harmful insects, use of pesticides at economic threshold level and clean cotton picking respectively. 94.7% growers adopted thinning of plants, 91.3% knew pest scouting, 87.3% used pesticides after pest scouting while 74% farmers used pesticides both at morning and evening. It was concluded that integrated pest management projec...
Waqas Liaqat1, Mohammad Akmal1* and Jawad Ali
...arieties only. Both crop phenology (i.e. days to tasseling, silking & maturity) as well as morphology (i.e. plant height, ear height, including ear length) was affected (p<0.05)by sowing dates. Likewise, yield traits (i.e. rows per ear, grains per ear, thousand grain weight) were also adversely affected by sowing dates, which decreases both biomass and grain yield. Varieties did differ in ph
Ted Peters
...n Kansas City; George Murphy, physicist and pastor in Akron OH; and distinguished evolutionary biologist and winner of the Presidential Medal for Science, Francisco J. Ayala. I offer responses to each critique.
...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Sara Ferrando4, Lorenzo Gallus4 and Syed Sajjad A. Shah2,3
Syed Asif Imran Shah1*, Shah Jehan Khan2, Kalim Ullah1 and Obaid Ullah Sayal2
...d close symmetry between phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variances while lower values of environmental coefficient variance were observed for all the studied attributes which reflected that these traits were genetically controlled and under less influence of environment. Higher broad sense heritability and expected genetic advance reflected that all attributes were governed by additive genes and early phenotypic sele...
Muhammad Abubakar,1,2,* Aamer Bin Zahur,1,3 Khalid Naeem1,3, Muhammad Azeem Khan1,3 and Subhan Qureshi4
...rred. The results of the phylogenetic tree indicated that all Pakistani PPRV strains, regardless of the gene used either F or N, clustered in lineage IV which is the most prominent and prevalent lineage of Asia. The distribution of Pakistani strains of PPRV was more dispersed as the isolate collected from Taxilla was clustered slightly distinct compared to rest of the isolates collected from Pakistan. Our findings are indicative of PPR endemic state of the cou...
Imran Khan*, Zahir Shah, Wiqar Ahmad, Farmanullah Khan and Muhammad Sharif
...icro-nutrient status and physical properties of soil at the NDF Farm, the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2015-16. The study was planned in RCB split plot design with fertilizers; control (Farmer’s practices, FP, 60-45 N-P2O5 kg ha-1), NPK recommended dose (RD, 120:90:60 N:P2O5:K2O kg ha-1), 5, 10, 15 and 20 t FYM alone (FYM5,10,15,20) and 5, 10 and 15 t ha-1 FYM in combination with 75, 50 and 25% of the recommended NPK (INM5:75, 10:50, 15:25)...
Abdul Malik1,2, Ghulam Abbas1,*, Abdul Ghaffar3, Ghulam Dastagir4, Sara Ferrando5, Lorenzo Gallus5, Asad Ali Muhammad1,6, Abdul Jabbar2 and Khalil-ur-Rehman2
David P. Hunt
...rgence of interest among philosophers in the ancient problem of theological fatalism: how divine foreknowledge can be compatible with human freedom. No one has contributed more to the contemporary debate over this problem than John Martin Fischer. The volume under discussion collects eleven of Fischer’s previously published essays on the problem—five earlier papers, and six that appeared just within the...
Muhammad Ijaz Khan* and Amanullah Jan
...>In order to improve the physical conditions of soil and provide favorable environment for the growth and development of crops, soil conditioners are used. This study was carried out to evaluate the impact of soil conditioning and irrigation regimes on the performance of maize crop during 2011 and 2012. Four irrigation regimes ranging from 3-6 irrigation in relation to the critical stages of maize crop were applied. Irrigation consisted of 93 mm water. Three o...
Katherin Rogers
...minently contestable metaphysical picture about the nature of time”.1 I will defend Anselm’s more systematically worked out version of this solution. (My interpretation of Anselm is not universally accepted, but here I am more concerned with the philosophical plausibility of the proposed solution.2) I will explain why the Anselmian does not find Pike&rsquo...
Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed2
...effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without eccentric strength training in patients with rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy. This single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at University Physical therapy and Rehabilitation clinic, Raiwind road, Lahore. The study included sample size of 50 subjects diagnosed with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Patients included in study were allocated randomly into; Group-A: This group was treated with routin...
Zehra Mohsin1*, Sarah Shahed2 and Talat Sohail2
...rrelation between demographic variables, perceived social support and professional quality of lifeof nurses in public hospitals. A sample of 160 nurses of age (M=33.48, SD=9.18) was selected from public hospitals of Lahore. The nurses completed a demographic information form, Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Supportand Professional Quality of Life Scale. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 20. Two demogra
Attia Anwar1, Sajida Malik2*, Zobia Usman1 and Sadia Chiragh3
...t counts, SGPT, alkaline phosphatse, serum uric acid, blood urea and serum creatinine. All the numerical data were expressed as mean± SD. The values in two groups were analyzed with help of unpaired t-test. A p-value ˂ 0.05 was considered significant. After 24 weeks of treatment with berberine hydrochloride, no significant differences were observed in Hb%, platelet count, liver enzymes and RFTs between two groups...
Bruce R. Reichenbach
...;This is no less true in philosophy than elsewhere, and certainly no less true in matters dealing with the relationship between God’s foreknowledge and human free actions. In what follows I will argue that the incompatibilist view that Fischer and others stalwartly defend results from the particular starting point they choose, and that if one adopts a different starting point about divine knowledge the logical inc...
Shahid Iqbal1*, Amir Nawaz Khan2, Mushtaq Ahmad Jadoon3 and Intikhab Alam3
...nd research with major emphasis on cash and off-seasoned crops after resolving land demarcation issue and revival of water channels along with introduction of micro credit schemes. ...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Riaz Hussain2, Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Ijaz1, Mamoona Chaudhry 3, Sehrish Firyal4, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan5 , Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Hazrat Ali5, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Ikramul Haq1 and Muhammad Sajid Hasni3
...eatment.
...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...tomic Absorptions Spectrophotometery (AAS) with respect to sex of animals, geographical area, age of animals, herd size, stage of animals, production level and concentrate feeding. Selenium deficiency was also evaluated as a risk factor of mastitis and repeat breeding. About 48.43% cattle and 72.39% buffaloes were found positive in selenium deficiency. Species (cattle and buffaloes) were significantly (χ2=23.0...
Samra Imran1,* and Afifa Tanweer2
...iation of various demographic and dietary factors with the nutritional status of Pakistani celiac patients. For this purpose 50 diagnosed celiac patients were selected from Shaikh Zayed Medical Complex and Mayo Hospital, Lahore. Nutritional assessment was carried out through anthropometric, biochemical and dietary evaluation of the participants. Results indicated that participants aged less than 18 years and those diagnosed within first year of life, had signi...
Wali Khan1,*, Noor-Un-Nisa2 and Muhammad Asif Nawaz3
...ucation concerned and shepherds of Swat, Pakistan. A total of 1041 stool samples were examined from January 2006 to December 2008 using direct smear and concentration methods. Two hundred and twenty one (21.2%) participants were found infected with one or more than one intestinal tapeworms. Seventy seven (7.39%) of the participants were infected with single parasite and one hundred forty four (13.8%) with multiple infections. Taenia saginata 32.6% (n=14...
Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar1*, Abid Ali2, Manzoor Hussain2, Saadia3, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Sohail Latif6
...8.22kg kg-1), phosphorus (34.85 kg kg-1) and potassium (47.40 kg kg-1) use efficiency were obtained with the treatment F2 (100% recommended dose of NPK).While in seed inoculants, maximum values of yield and yield contributing parameters were obtained in I1 (Inoculation with Azospirillum). However despite the better performance of F2, economic analysis s...
Alim-un-Nisa1*, Sajila Hina1, Sania Mazhar1, Imran Kalim1, Ijaz Ahmad1, Naseem Zahra1, Shahid Masood1, Muhammad Khalid Saeed1, Qurat-ul-Ain Syed1 and Maida Asif2
...tractiveness. The spectrophotometric analysis at 474nm of extracted color both in crude form and in candies was found to be stable at 4oC and showed decay in mean lutein concentration at higher temperatures i.e. 25oC and 45oC. The microbiological study of the extracted color and candies prepared in laboratory and dyed with T. erecta extract color showed that the color extracted from T.erecta itself do not promote ...
Muhammad Naeem1, Bushra Sadia1,2,*, Faisal Saeed Awan1and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
...itation with ammunium sulphate, at concentrations as low as 30 μl. Optimized conditions for maximum yield of mutant SK included CSL 6%, 24 h. of fermentation, pH 7.5, 37oC, KH2PO4 0.04%, K2HPO4, NaHCO3 0.15% and 0.015% CH3COONa. The results indicated that UV is the most effective mutagen for hyper-production of SK. Mutant strain UV6 has the potential for enhanced SK production with...
Bashir Ahmad1, Muhammad Idrees1,*, Kafeel Ahmad1, Dawood Ahmad2, Sajid Ali3 and Shumaila Bashir4
...s a valid alternative to phenotypic identification in a routine diagnostic laboratory. High diversity values were found in the studied area implying high population diversity of M. tuberculosis that’s being prevalent in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
...
Yanjie Guo1, Weini Wu1, Hongmei Wang2, Xiao Guo2 and Yongping Xu2,*
... cytokines influence the physiological state of the female reproductive system by sympathetic nerve pathways, we used immunohistochemistry, RT-PCR, Western blot and in situ hybridization to detect the expression and distribution of IL-18Rα in the inferior mesenteric ganglion of the female goat. Our results showed that IL-18Rα mRNA and proteins are expressed in the IMG, which pr...
Ali Murad Rahoo,1,2,* Tariq Mukhtar,1,3 Shoukat Ibrahim Abro,4 Barkat Ali Bughio5 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo6
... Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and H. indica) were compared in Galleria mellonella larvae. The production of infective juveniles (IJ) in G. mellonella was significantly affected by nematode species. Significantly higher numbers of IJ were produced by Heterorhabditid species than Steinernematid species in the cadaver. The production of IJ was the maximum in the case of H. bacteriophora which wa...
Ayesha Saeed*, Mobina Naqvi and Ahsan Javed
...nt women. Data on demography was collected through a structured questionnaire and exposure was assessed through 6-items Version of U.S. Household Food Security Survey and cohort was followed until delivery, and birth weight was recorded. Follow up could be completed for 50 women only and response rate was 49%. Descriptive statistics were calculated, and relative risk and multinomial logistic Regression were applied using SPSS version 22. Mean maternal age was ...
Abida Sajid* and Aqsam Sajid
...ldwide. During pregnancy physiological changes and increasing demand causes fall in hemoglobin level leading to anemia and adverse pregnancy outcome especially in young girls. Anemia is a major public health problem. Around 58.27 million women worldwide are anemic during pregnancy 95% of whom live in countries that are developing. To know the frequency of anemia, and obstetric outcome in terms of preterm delivery, low birth weight and rate of caesarean section...
Muhammad Naeem Safdar, Khalid Naseem, Muhammad Amjad, Amer Mumtaz and Saeeda Raza*
... Punjab and analyzed for physicochemical characteristics during 2006 to 2008. The quality parameters studied were test weight, 1000 kernel weight, foreign matter (non-edible and edible), broken/shrunken grains, damaged grains, moisture, ash, protein (N x 5.7), wet and dry gluten, falling number, and minerals (copper, manganese, iron, zinc). It was observed that wheat samples varied considerably within each region and also between regions. Attock region samples...
Naheed Akhtar, Azra Nasim*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Muhammad Ashfaque, Shaheena Yasmin, Ghulam Jilani, Afzala Tashfeen, Waseem Ahmed Gilani, Irshad Begum* and Muhammad Munir***
...s studied against wheat aphid Rhopalosiphum padi L. In seedling bulk tests, the germplasm under study was grouped into three categories i.e., resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible. Data from seedling bulk tests showed that five wheat lines namely V- 01078, V-00055, KT-7, V-01180 and DN-47 were resistant with damage rating of 2- 3. Twelve wheat lines/varieties, 99B4012, 99B2278, V-9021, V-002493, Wafaq 2001, PR-84, ...
Ata-ul-Mohsin*, Ehsan-ul-Haq** and Muhammad Naeemullah*
...solutions of calcium and phosphorus on the growth and development of rose grain aphid, Metopolophium dirhodum (Walker) and its parasitoid Aphidius rhopalosiphi (De Steph.). High calcium and high phos
Naheed Akhtar, Noreen Moin, Ghulam Jilani*, Ata ul Mohsin**, Shaheena Yasmin, Afzala Tashfeen*, Munir Goraya**** and Irshad Begum*
... susceptible to Rhopalosiphum padi. The results of Antixenosis Test indicated that two wheat lines, V-5 and PR-83 were least preferred and three lines viz., NRL-2017, V-00055 and V-00BT004 were highly preferred by the test insect. The results of Antibiosis Test showed that PR-83 line was least fecund whereas NR-241 and V-00055 lines were highly fecund. The results of Tolerance Test indicated that four varieties, PR-83, V-5, SN-128 and NR-241 were highly tolera...
Golam Moula* and Sayedur Rahman**
...r 2003) along with other phenological features. The total length (mean ± SD) of vetiver culms was 206.32 ± 42.43 cm. The root and shoot lengths (mean ± SD) of 8 weeks old seedlings were 3.93 ± 0.25 cm and 4.79 ± 1.29 cm, respectively. The fitted regression line equation for the root and shoot length was found as Y = 0.074 + 1.20 X, where X and Y are root and shoot length, respectively. The calculated value of ‘t’ ...
Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***
... (b.s), genetic advance, phenotypic and genotypic variance for different quantitative traits is important in determining the effectiveness of selection. In this study the potential effectiveness of selection in parents and their F2 and F3 progenies of Gossypium hirsutum for plant height, sympodia/ plant, bolls/plant, boll weight, seed index and seed cotton yield/plant was determined. It was found that all the populations alongwith parents differed significantl...
Muhammad Asim, Muhammad Asif, Muhammad Munir* and Muhammad Aslam**
... different developmental phases of root nodules. Leaves of NODI-3 retained more radioactivity as compared to Williams-82 in inoculated as well as uninoculated plants. The stem and roots of Williams-82 plants had a percent distribution of ABA that was higher than NODI-3. The phloem sap of Williams-82 had higher accumulation of 3H-ABA at all stages after treatment. The basal levels of ABA in ph<...
Naheed Akhtar, Muhammad Ashfaque, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Ata-ul-Mohsin**, Afzala Tashfeen and Irshad Begum*
...creened against Rhopalosiphum padi L., bird cherry oat aphid at National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad. Twenty National Uniform Wheat Yield Trials (NUWYT), Normal and 12 (NUWYT) rainfed varieties/ lines were evaluated for seedling bulk test to know the resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible wheat varieties/ lines. These results revealed that varieties Diamond and Margalla-99 and lines V-99022, 99B2278 and ...
Sikander Khan Tanveer, Shaheena Yasmin, Imtiaz Hussain, M.Yaqub Mujahid*, Muhammad Munir and Muhammad Asif**
...tilizer nitrogen (N) and phosphorous (P) with or without farm yard manure (FYM) on yield, yield components and as well as on the grain quality parameters of wheat. Nutrient treatments included full fertilizer NP (100:100:00), full fertilizer NP + FYM (100:100:20), half- fertilizer NP (50:50:00), half- fertilizer NP + FYM (50:50:20), FYM only (00:00:20) and control (00:00:00). N & P were applied in kg ha-1 and FYM in t ha...
R. Hussain* and A. N. Naqvi**
...breed was studied for morphological characteristics, somatometric measurements, growth, productive and reproductive traits. Somatometric measurements indicated the average height 70.41±0.837 cm vs. 57.91±0.342 cm, heart girth 83.58±0.628 cm vs. 70.42±0.702 cm and body length 78.18±0.355 cm vs. 70.10±2.160 cm in males vs. females of Gojali goat. The data on growth traits indicated the average birth weight, weaning weigh...
Abdullah Adil Ansari* and Kumar Sukhraj**
...ative improvement in the physical and chemical properties of the soil, which is substantiated by ANOVA and composite index {Rank 1 for [VW+VC] with composite index of 9}. This biological method of crop cultivation is sustainable and improves soil health rather than conventional methods based on the earlier observations....
S. Shahid Shaukat*, Mian Sayed**, Aly Khan, M. Azhar Khan* and Babar Qazi***
... emerged as an effective phytonematicide. Helicotylenchus indicus, Rotylenchulus reniformis and Meloidogyne incognita had similar population density levels and were more or less equally suppressed by all the treatments in the order: Carbofuran > Tridax procumbens > Fertinemakil Plus > Withania somnifera. The yield of guar was only slightly increased but not significantly....
Aly Khan* and S. Shahid Shaukat**
...tify;"> A survey of phytonematodes associated with pomegranate was conducted encompassing 12 localities of Balochistan Province. Twelve genera were recorded from the rhizosphere of pomegranate. The most dominant species was Meloidogyne incognita. Species diversity (H’) was highest in Wadh while lowest in Ali Dasht. Equitability (J’) component of diversity was highest in Kork and lowest in Ali Dasht, while sp...
Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**
...pplemented with ber (Zizyphus) leaves, wheat and mustard fodders in winter season and ber leaves, sorghum and bajra fodders in summer. Groundnut and wheat straws were main dry fodder. Wheat grains, oil seed cakes, wheat bran (choker), grams and left over dry breads were the concentrates fed to goats. On the whole about 30% metabolizable energy requirements of non-milking goats and 34% of does were fulfilled by supplementation. Goats were supplemented maximum d...
Sumia Bint Zaman, Sidra Majeed and Shahid Ahmad*
...urces of bio-fuels, Jatropha is one of the most promising option. The purpose of this study was to evaluate primarily the regional and global experiences to assess the potential of Jatropha farming in Pakistan and to conduct a comparative economic analysis of alternate feasible options e.g. production of oilseeds, which are also being imported in large quantities. Temporal analysis (1950-09) for edible oil consumption, produ...
Ghulam Shabbir*, Muhammad Aftab, Abid Mahmood** Muhammad Kausar Nawaz Shah* and Nasir Mahmood Cheema***
.... Based on the desirable phenotypic traits and superior seed yield, SPS-5 was approved as a rapeseed variety “Chakwal Sarson” by the Punjab Seed Council in 2002 for general cultivation in the Punjab barani tract....
M. Yasin Mirza, Mubashir A. Khan, M. Akmal, Akbar S. Mohmand, Malik S. Nawaz, Nazakat Nawaz and Najeeb Ullah*
...05. Pooled genotypic and phenotypic variances were maximum for seed yield and minimum for 1000-seed weight. Genotypic coefficient of variation and phenotypic coefficient of variation were observed maximum for seed yield and minimum for plant height. Broad sense heritability estimates were high for all the traits during three years ranging from 63% for plant height and 97% for seed yield. High heritability pooled estimates of...
Shazia Erum, Rashid Anwar and Shahid Masood*
...n: justify;"> Geographical indicator (GI) of crops create a positive impression of the product quality, the environmental virtue and human skill of the area. In the present study, comparative analysis of total seed proteins of Kasuri methi (GI of Kasur, Pakistan) was evaluated with other Trigonella genotypes by SDS-PAGE. Results showed that at protein level Kasuri methi acquired a unique status as a G.I of Kasur. Cluster analysis (UPGMA) of 28 genotypes i...
Sarfraz Ahmad, Shaista Koukab, Nayyar Razzaq, Muhammad Islam, Aneel Rose*, and Muhammad Aslam**
...histan chamomile (Microcephala lamellate (Bunge) Syn. Matricaria lasiocarpa ) is found naturally in many protected rangelands areas. However, its population is declining due to over-exploitation and un-controlled grazing. Traditionally these species are used for the treatment of fever and pain. Annual or German chamomile (Matricaria recutita L.), and perennial chamomile (Chamaemelum nobile) are the most important species all over the world due to multipurpose ...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah, Shahid Masood** and Muhammad Irfan Khan*
...d and compared for their phenotypic (qualitative and quantitative) and biochemical trait. Comparatively high variation was seen for seed germination, canopy and spikes/plant, florets/spike and leaf area. A UPGMA cluster, grouped the 9 Ocimum genotypes into two major clusters on the basis of total seed protein and phenotypic characters, except Siam Queen and Lime basil stand alone, respectively. Euclidian distance for mor
Naheed Akhtar, Waseem A. Gillani, Ehsan ul Haq, Javed Khan, Irshad Begum, Shaheena Yasmin* and Kamran Saeed**
...e evaluated against the aphid, Rhopalosiphum padi (L.). Evaluation was done by seedling bulk test method for finding out resistant, moderately resistant and susceptible entries. The entry B-99036 was found to be resistant. Further studies were conducted to determine the mechanisms of resistance like antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. Results indicated that the entry B-00080 had antibiosis and B-99036 was the tolerant one...
Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah1
...ke dietary restrictions, physical exercise & drugs should be taken to control obesity. ...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
... of exogenous enzyme (α-amylase) added feed on growth performance, health and hematological analysis of Pangasianodon hypophthalmus (initialaverage weight 32.46±0.36 g). The 40% crude protein diet was prepared by adding feed ingredients along with 0.75, 0.50, 0.25, 0.00 g kg-1 of α-amylase as T1, T2, T3 and T4 (control). At the end of feeding trial, 100...
Saba Rafique1,2,*, Khalid Naeem1, Naila Siddique1, Muhammad Athar Abbas1, Aamer Ali Shah2, Akbar Ali1, Abdul Rahim1 and Farooq Rashid1
Nay Naing Htoo1, Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Aung Tun Khaing1, Than Kyaw1, Erkihun Aklilu Woldegiorgis1 and Mohd Azam Khan1
...showed that the rumen morphological characteristics, papillary surface area and keratinized layer of CFR (4.15mm2, 50.54µm), were not significantly different from CF (3.81mm2, 49.26µm) (P>0.05) but it was significantly different from kids in DM group (1.17mm2, 26.36µm) (P<0.05). The rumen papillary surface area and keratinized layer were also significantly different between CF and DM (P<0.05). The rum...
Promy Virk
... showed the presence of spherical to irregularly shaped green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanopcomposite with an average size of 73.18 nm with polydispersity. A typical optical absorption peak at approximately 2.30 keV and 3.0 keV corresponded to the surface plasmon resonance property of gold and silver nanoparticles respectively. The green gold and silver (Au/Ag) nanocomposite showed a profound antihyperglycemic effect which was significantly better than all othe...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...ity, pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) in Pothwar Plateau (250 km long and 100 km wide). We compared 216 soil samples (mound soil and undisturbed soil), to collect data on percentage water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus and potassium contents. We found significant differences (mound soil ...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...mpared with control. The physico-chemical parameters of the test media viz. pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and total ammonia were monitored on daily basis. Significantly increased peroxidase activity was observed in gills and liver of Labeo rohita after exposure to PbCl2 due to all doses as compared to the control. All results were statistically significant at p<0.05. Fish liver exhibited si...
Haixia Liu, Yuwei Ye, Yang Li, Xiaolin Liu, Dongmei Xiong* and Lixin Wang
...ere were 6 highly polymorphic loci and 4 moderately polymorphic loci. The average expected heterozygosity (He) and observed (Ho) heterozygosity in four populations ranged from 0.6421-0.6980 and from 0.4841-0.6999. Significant deviations from Hardy–Weinberg were found in the four populations at some loci. Analysis of molecular variance (AMOVA) revealed that relatively little (11.02%) genetic diversity came...
Irfan1,*, Arshad Javid7, Muhammad Ashraf2, Athar Mahmud3, Muhammad Altaf4, Syed Makhdoom Hussain5, Muhammad Shahbaz4 and Khalid Javed Iqbal6
...ing 80.51%.
...
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and John E. Foster6
...e cattle tick, Rhipicephalus microplus Canestrinito JMO71 was determined. Ticks were manually collected from cross-bred beef cattle, and then the heterorhabditid nematodes assayed against these ticks using the Petri dish assay. Concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 IJs were applied in 1 mL of sterile distilled water dispensed on the surface of a couple of moistened filter papers. For each treatment concentration, 10 adult engorged ticks we...
Hina Safdar1,*, Nazir Javed1, Sajid Aleem Khan1 and Muhammad Arshad2
...>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema glaseri) against different larval instars (2nd, 3rd, 4th and 5th) of armyworm (Spodoptera litura F.) at different exposure times were evaluated. Entomopathogenic nematodes were applied at 1000 IJs/ml and larvae maintained at 25°C. Mortality was recorded upto four days. Both species of entomopathogenic nematodes proved effective against all larval in...
Umair Riaz*1, Zafar Abbas1, Qamar uz Zaman2, Muhammad Mubashir1, Mahwish Jabeen2, Syed Ali Zulqadar1, Zeenat Javeed1, Saeed-ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Muhammad Javid Qamar1
...and analysed for various physic-chemical properties like pH, electrical conductivity (EC), sodium adsorption ratio (SAR), residual sodium carbonate (RSC), calcium (Ca++), magnesium (Mg++), sulfates (SO4-), carbonates (CO3-), bicarbonates (HCO3-), sodium (Na+), and chloride(Cl-). Results showed that 52.78% samples were unfit and 34.37% samples were cons...
Muhammad Kashif Maan1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Shehla Gul Bokhari1, Muhammad Ijaz2, Hamid Akbar1, Sajid Umar 3 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*
...as observed for alkaline phosphatase, creatinine and bilirubin between the two groups. Heart rate, blood pressure and saturation of oxygen were decreased in both groups but this decline was significantly lesser (P<0.05) in isoflurane administered group compared to xylazine-ketamine administered group. Both xylazine-ketamine and isoflurane proved to be suitable anesthetic agents for successful ovariohysterectomy in rabbits...
Muhammad Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Ismail Khan1, Qadeem Khan2 and Khalid Khan1
...n amino acid change. The phylogenetic studies established that the Pakistanian HBV Isolates closely resemble the “adrq” strain belonging to “adr” subtype. The study showed that the pre-S2 region is hypervariable and two reported sequences show 100% homology and thus cause change in the structure of Hepatitis B Surface Antigen (HBsAg). This variability reduces the efficacy of vaccines prepared to a particular clone of HBV isolates.
...
Lin Wang1,2, Ye Gong3, Kelin Chen1, Haitao Wang3 and Xianguo Lyu1,*
...lly amplified and polymorphic with 2-10 alleles. The observed heterozygosities ranged from 0.481 to 0.827 and the polymorphic information content ranged from 0.373 to 0.775. Significant linkage disequilibrium was found only between two markers. These microsatellites could be used to enhance our understanding of genetic information and breeding biology of Relict Gull.
...
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
...ated partridge (Tetraophasis szechenyii) is an endemic species which is protected in first-grade state in China. Here, 22 polymorphic tetranucleotide microsatellite markers were isolated from T. szechenyii using a next-generation sequencing technology. The allele number of these loci ranged from two to six in genotyped 35 individuals. Polymorphism information content ranged f...
Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****
Corresponding author: dr.akhlaqahmad@yahoo.com
COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
...nt of resistance against phosphine in stored grain insect pests in Pakistan is the result of whole godown improper fumigation of bagged wheat over the past several years. Trials were conducted in 338 godowns in 8 districts of upper Sindh. Out of these, 169 godowns were selected for fumigation with phosphine inside and under polyethylene sheets, while the...
Nazakat Nawaz, Malik Shah Nawaz*, Nasir M. Cheema** and Mubashir A. Khan*
Corresponding author:nazakat_nawaz@yahoo.com
ZINC AND IRON APPLICATION TO OPTIMIZE SEED YIELD OF MUSTARD
...of Urea and triple super phosphate (TSP) with Zn and Fe. The increase in -1 Zn and Fe fertility from 0-1.5 to 5-1.5 kg ha increased yield of BARD-1. The maximum yield response was recorded when 5 kg ha-1 -1 Zn and 1.5 kg ha Fe were applied. Beyond this level, no further increase in yield was recorded in any mustard traits. A positive correlation was recorded between seed yield -1 -1 and 1000-seed weight with the application ...
Amanullah, Ahmed Aziz Kurd, Saifullah Khan, Munir Ahmed and Jahangir Khan*
Corresponding author:aman_azrc@yahoo.com
BIOFERTILIZER- A POSSIBLE SUBSITUTE OF FERTILIZERS IN PRODUCTION OF WHEAT VARIETY ZARDANA IN BALOCHISTAN
... of the Nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) fertilizer -1, application rates as compared to a high fertilizer treatment (N 90 kgha P2 5 O -1 60 kgha ). The high mineral fertilizer and biofertilizer + half mineral fertilizer treatments were compared with a control treatment (no fertilizer). Significant grain yield were measured at all sites, although, at all sites both fertilizer treatments apparently out yielded the control and ...
Shazia Erum*, Muhammad Naeemullah and Shahid Masood**
Corresponding author: shazia_rm@yahoo.com
PHENOTYPIC VARIATION AMONG MENTHA SPP.
...as to investigate the morphological diversity and relationship within 17 genotypes of mentha species. Different species of Mentha were collected from different ecological zones of the world. Great variation was observed in stem length with the coefficient of variation of 198.7% and standard deviation of 14.1. Among the 17 mint collection, nine special aromas was smelled including mint gum, strong camphoraceous, mint like, sp...
Hassnain Shah, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Umar Farooq, Nadeem Akmal*, Shahid Munir and Bashir Hussain**
POTENTIAL FOR INVESTMENT IN INDIGENOUS TECHNOLOGIES: A CASE OF LOW COST SOIL AND WATER CONSERVATION STRUCTURES IN RAINFED POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...ll and undulating topography makes land productivity very low and the livelihood of rural people even hard. Soil and water conservation under such an environment could provide the foundation for agricultural and natural resource development. To develop appropriate technologies for increasing land productivity through soil and water conservation, applied research has been carried out during 2001-07 in the rainfed Pothwar area. Low cost soil and water conservati...
Faisal Khalil, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Ammaz Khan, Fakhar-ul-Hassan and Nabila Bibi*
EFFECT OF GIRDLING AND PLANT GROWTH REGULATORS ON PRODUCTIVITY IN OLIVE (OLEA EUROPAEA)
...wth regulators and other physiological factors. Plant growth regulating hormones like gibberellic acid (GA ), salicylic acid (SA) and naphthalene acetic acid (NAA) alone and/ 3 or coupled with girdling operations may improve cropping potential of existing olive varieties in Pakistan. Therefore, this study was envisaged on olive trees to explore possibilities of inducing fruitfulness through the use of hormones and girdling o...
Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Mike Copland**
INFLUENCE OF THREE CONSTANT AND TWO RHYTHMICALLY FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON THE LIFE-TABLE PARAMETERS OF BROWN LACEWING SYMPHEROBIUS FALLAX
... Brown lacewing (Sympherobius fallax), characterized by good adult longevity, high fecundity, and fast development rates are important predators in many agricultural systems. Life tables of S. fallax were constructed at 20°C, 24°C, 28°C and rhythmically fluctuating temperature regimes from 16°C to 24°C and 24°C to 32°C. Studies were carried out describing survival, reproduction and development of S fallax. Survival was positive...
Safdar Ali, Sahiba, M. Azim Malik, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan and M. Ansar*
GROWTH OF RAINFED FODDER MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...der various nitrogen and phosphorus doses under sub-humid rainfed conditions during 2009 at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The annual rainfall at the experimental site during 2009 was 685.9 mm. The -1 experimental soil was of loamy texture having E.C. of 0.48 dscm , pH 7.7, -1 organic matter 0.65%, saturation 30%, available phosph
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzad Arshad Saleem**
MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF STRAWBERRY JUICE
...h by microbiological and physiological processes. At day 0; pH 3.2, color bright 2 -1 red, excellent flavor, TPC 2.7 x 10 cfu g were recorded, while no yeast or mould were found. After one week, the pH 3.6, dull red color, TPC 2 -1 3 -1 5 -1 2.25x10 cfug , yeast 1.7x10 cfu g and mould 1.6x10 cfu g were observed. 2 While after two weeks (day 14) color was brown while pH 4.0, TPC 1.9x10 -1 6 -1 5 -1 cfu g , yeast 2.47x10 cfu g and mould 1.6x10 cfu g were noticed...
Javed Khan, Ehsan-ul-Haq, Naheed Akhtar, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Naila Assad**, M.Asif Masood and Irum Raza*
EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS OF IMMATURE STAGES OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON RICE MEAL MOTH, CORCYRA CEPHALONICA EGGS
...ea, feeding on Corcyra cephalonica eggs at three constant temperatures 24 ±1 ºC, 28 ±1 ºC and 32 ±1 °C were studied. The results indicated that incubation period was 4.9±0.08, 3.8±0.08 and 3.0±0.06 days at three temperatures, respectively. Developmental duration of first instar were 3.6±0.07, 3.0±0.11, 2.0±0.06 days, second instar were 3.4±0.11, 3.0±0.07, 2.8±0.07...
Naheed Akhtar, Yasmin Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel, Waseem Ahmad Gillani, Javed Khan, Tahira Yasmin and Irshad Begum*
RESISTANCE IN PEARL MILLET GERMPLASM TO GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI)
...tum glaucum L.) against aphid species greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). It was determined by the ability of seedlings to resist for plant stunting caused by aphid's feeding at seedling stage. The results indicated that out of 135 pearl millet entries tested, 21 were resistant, 69 were moderately resistant and 45 were susceptible to greenbug feeding. The resistant entries were: C-591...
M. Asif Masood, Irum Raza* and Muhammad Yaseen**
ESTIMATION OF OPTIMUM FIELD PLOT SIZE AND SHAPE IN PADDY YIELD TRIAL
...contour map described graphically the productivity level of the experimental site. The index of soil heterogeneity (b = 0.491) indicated a degree of low similarity among the experimental plots. Variance per unit area and coefficient of variation decreased rapidly with an increase in the plot size. Based on the coefficient of variation the optimum plot size for paddy yield trial was estimated to be 6m×12m with rectangle shape for Rice Research Institute, ...
Asrar Ali*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Abdul Rehman***, Javed Khan, Waseem Ahmad Gillani** and Maria Rauf*
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF MENOCHILUS SEXMACULATUS FAB. (COLEOPTERA:COCCINELLIDAE) AT VARYING TEMPERATURE ON RHOPALOSIPHUM PADI L.
...latus reared on Rhopalosiphum padi. The egg incubation period of predator beetle was 4.16, 3.66 and 2.24 days at 22±1°C, 28 1°C and 34 1°C, respectively. Mean fecundity was 430.53, 548.67 and 432.43 eggs, respectively. Percentage egg hatchability of the predator was significantly higher at 28±1°C. The total larval duration of predator was 9.47, 7.70 and 5.49 days, respectively. Duration of pupal period ranged between 2.21 and 4.35...
Wabekwa, J.W., I.A. Sodagni and F.K. Mohammad*
PHYSIOLOGICAL GROWTH AND YIELD EVALUATION IN PMINERALIZED SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L.) UNDER SUDANOSAHELIAN AGRO-ECOLOGY, NIGERIA
...response of sunflower to phosphorus fertilizer -1 inorganically applied as P O @ 0, 20, 40, 60 and 80 kg ha . The experi- 2 5 mental design was randomized complete block and replicated thrice. It was observed that leaf area per plant and plant dry weight increased with -1 increasing P O rates (40-60 kg ha ) at 6, 8 and 10 weeks after sowing (WAS) 2 5 . Crop growth rates similarly increased with increasing P O rates (40-80 kg...
Amir Khatam*, Sher Muhammad, and Ijaz Ashraf**
ROLE OF INDIVIDUAL CONTACT METHODS IN DISSEMINATION OF AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGIES
... the office call and telephone calls, respectively, for diffusion of information regarding latest agricultural technologies. However, awareness regarding personal letters as an extension method among the farming community was proved as the lowest (18.93%) entity in the study area. The extent of the use of individual contact methods namely farm visits, demonstrations, home visits and office call bearing mean st nd rd values 2.85, 2.81, 2.79 and 2.68 , respectiv...
Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-din*, Syed Haider Abbas*, Maqsood Qamar* and Muhammad Noman*
EFFECT OF SPLIT N FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON PHYSIOAGRONOMIC TRAITS OF WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...h better flag leaf chlorophyll retention and cooler crop canopies during grain filling stages which showed positive association with grain yield....
Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*
EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
... largely depended on the physiochemical properties of the growing media used. Winter strawberry production in a greenhouse using high plant densities and various media may be a viable alternative to openfield production system. Planting density can be increased thrice by using different production systems. Studies were conducted to see the impact of different planting densities and media on growth and yield of strawberry. The treatments were T = Control, with ...
Maria Rauf*, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Javed Khan**, Abdul Rehman***, Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Asrar Ali**
BIOLOGY AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF COCCINELLA SEPTEMPUNCTATA LINN. ON SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM APHID UNDER CONTROLLED CONDITIONS
...(Linn.) were studied on aphid, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) at three constant temperatures 20±1 °C, 25±1 °C and 30±1 °C in Insectary-Bio Control Laboratories, National Agricultural Research Centre (NARC), Islamabad. The results revealed that incubation period of C. septempunctata was 5.12, 3.62 and 3.20 days with 75.6%, 82.0% and 71.2% hatchability, respectively. The larval durations were 29...
Shahid Ali*, Anjum Shehzad*, Muhammad Ather Rafi* and Ahmed Zia*
INSECT POLLINATORS OF LITCHI ( ) FROM DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...Hymenoptera. Family Calliphoridae, Muscidae, Sarcophagidae and Syrphidae, represented the order Diptera, while families, Andrenidae, Apidae, Halictidae and Vespidae belonged to order Hymenoptera....
Md. Nazirul Islam*, A. K. Azad**, Leon O. Namuco***, Teresita H. Borromeo***, Maria Lourdes O. Cedo*** and Edna A. Aguilar***
MORPHOMETRIC CHARACTERIZATION AND DIVERSITY ANALYSIS OF A MAKAPUNO COCONUT POPULATION IN U.P. LOS BANOS
...s, was assessed using morphometric characters from March 2004 to October 2005. Shannon 2 Weaver Diversity Index and Chi-square (÷ ) tests were used to analyze variation in both the qualitative and quantitative characters. Substantial variation in crown shape, bole category, color of young fruit, petiole and inflorescence pigmentation, shape of stem base, fruit characteristics, and leaf structure was observed in the population of 52 palms. Yield of makap...
Adnan Umair*, Safdar Ali**, Muhammad Sarwar***, Kashif Bashir**, Muhammad Javed Tareen**** and Muhammad Asghar Malik*****
ASSESSMENT OF SOME PRIMING TECHNIQUES IN MUNGBEAN (VIGNA RADIATA) : A GREEN HOUSE STUDY
... osmo-conditioning using phosphorous (KH PO ; 2 4 -1 200 mM and 400 mM), mannitol (20 and 40 gl ), polyethylene glycol (50 and -1 -1 100 gl ), sodium molybdate dihydrate (0.2 and 0.4 gl ) and hormonal priming by salicylic acid (10 and 20 ppm). Untreated dry seeds were used as control. All the invigoration treatments significantly improved plant vigor in terms of final germination biomass, root, shoot length and nutrient upta...
Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*
COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...bination for in vitro morphogenesis of grapevine accessions viz., 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid, 4472(12) Harker Agoon and 4492(1) Kowar Naray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response to increasing level of BAP was found genotype dependent. Naph...
Naheed Akhtar*, Awais Iqbal**, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Javed Khan*, Muhammad Riaz*, Waseem Ahmad Gillani*, Tariq Mahmood*, Awais Rasool* and Tahira Yasmin*
EVALUATION OF RECOMMENDED WHEAT VARIETIES FOR RESISTANCE AGAINST SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI) (APHIDIDAE: HOMOPTERA) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
... against greenbug, Schizaphis graminum (Rondani). NARC-09, Momal-2002, TD-1 and Zarlasta-99 were found resistant in seedling bulk test. Momal-2002 was the least preferred in antixenosis mechanism of resistance NARC-2009, Momal-2002 and Sulaman-96 were the least fecund in antibiosis mechanism of resistance and TD-1, NARC-2009 and Sussui were highly tolerant in tolerance mechanism of resistance. Out of 50 varieties under trial three varieties namely NARC-09, Mom...
Javed Khan*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Habib Iqbal Javed*, Tariq Mahmood*,
Awais Rasool*, Naheed Akhtar and Saleem Abid**
BIOLOGICAL PARAMETERS AND PREDATORY POTENTIAL OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) FEEDING ON WHEAT APHID SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (HEMIPTERA: APHIDIDAE) UNDER LABORATORY CONDITIONS
...f Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens) on Schizaphis graminum (Rondani) aphid were carried out in Insecatry- Bio control Laboratories, Insect Pest Management Programme, Department of Plant and Environmental Protection, National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan. The results indicate that incubation period was 3.8±0.08 days with 87.0% hatchability. The developmental duration...
Said Salman*, Shah Jehan Khan*, Javed Khan**, Rehmat Ullah Khan*** and Imran Khan****
GENETIC VARIABILITY STUDIES IN BREAD WHEAT (TRITICUM AESTIVUM L.) ACCESSIONS
... parameters except chlorophyll concentration index and number of spikelet per spike indicating considerable amount of variation among the accessions for each trait. The genotypic and phenotypic coefficient of variation estimates were higher for all the traits except chlorophyll concentration index and days to physiological maturity. Highest heritability ...
Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*
PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
... of millet (Pennisetum typhoides) and their residual effects on the succeeding oat crop at the National Agricultural Research Centre, Islamabad, Pakistan, under rainfed conditions without application of fertilizers in Randomized Complete Block Design. The highest dry matter yield was obtained from millet (8.9 -1 -1 -1 tha ), followed by cowpeas (4.5 tha ), sesbania (4.4 tha ), rice beans (2.9 -1 -1 tha ), lablab bean (2.2 tha ) while cluster bean produced lowe...
Naveed Jehan*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla**, Muhammad Shahzad*, Abid Hussain**, Muhammad Zahoor*, Majid Khan* and Ahmed Bilal*
USE OF MOBILE PHONES BY FARMING COMMUNITY AND ITS IMPACT ON VEGETABLE PRODUCTIVITY
...vision, radio and mobile phone are playing important role in agriculture productivity enhancement, growth and farmers’ prosperity. Mobile phone helps farmers in getting information about commodity prices in different markets. The farmers can get up-to-date information about various markets in different regions and can accordingly arrange transportation and labor services in time. The study was conducted to see the effe...
Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*
IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
...d establishment. Altered physical and chemical properties of reduced-tillage soils result in different weed growth and weed-crop competition periods and thus have indirect impacts on weed control strategies and management options in conservation crop production....
Muhammad Sohail*, Imtiaz Hussain*, Riaz-ud-Din*, Sikandar Khan Tanveer*, Maqsood Qamar* and Syed Haider Abbas*
EVALUATION OF ADVANCE WHEAT LINES FOR AGRONOMIC TRAITS IN RAINFED ENVIRONMENT
... their better leaf chlorophyll retention and maintenance of low canopy temperature during grain filling periods particularly under late planting conditions. Findings of this study have indications that wheat sowing up to November 15 is more appropriate time and advance lines NR- 397 and NARC-09 have the genetic potential to tolerate adverse rainfed growing conditions under agro-ecological conditions of Pothwar region, Pakistan....
Md. Nazirul Islam*, M. Z. Rahman**, R. Ali***, A. K. Azad**** and M. K. Sultan**
DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CORE SUBSETS OF HYACINTH BEAN COLLECTION OF BANGLADESH
...Index also revealed high phenotypic diversity in vine and pod characters. High diversities were estimated in quantitative characters of inflorescence and pod characters. Considering a core collection strategy, the accessions were stratified into two groups based on vine colors: green and purple. Maximum genotypes of the collection were of green vine. Each of two subgroups were divided into three groups according to colors of pod i.e., green, white and red. Eac...
Nazir Ahmad*, Sultan Ayaz*, Sumaira Shams**, Karimullah*** and Riaz Ahmad****
PREVALENCE AND MORPHOLOGY OF HELMINTH PARASITES OF FISH FROM RIVER SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...um rectangulum, Bothriocephalus, Nippotaenia, Cucullanidae, Proteocephalus, Rhabdochona charsaddiensis, Rhabdochona schizothoracis and Neoechynorhynchus devdevi. They were identified by morphological characteristics through microscopic techniques. Overall prevalence of the fish parasites was 58% (145/250). Among these Schizothorax plageostomus fish 93.04% (107/115), Schizothorax labiatus 6...
Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam*
EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
... tabaci (Genn.) is a polyphagous pest and is reported on more than 600 host plants worldwide. Different methods are being used for its control. The present experiment was conducted to determine the effect of some plant extracts of mint (Mentha spp.) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and soybean oil (Glycine max), mustard oil (Brassica spp.) and taramera oil (Eruca sativa) against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on sesame crop. The data were recorded 24h before an...
Rashid Minhas*, Iftikhar Ahmad Khan**, Faisal Saeed Awan**, Lal Hussain Akhtar*, Syed Awais Sajid Shah* and M. Shahjhan Bukhari*
ESTIMATION OF GENETIC DIVERSITY AND HYBRID IDENTIFICATION IN AMERICAN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.) BY PCR BASED RAPD ANALYSIS
... primers produced polymorphic bands, while 12 produced monomorphic bands. These 14 primers yielded total 96 RAPD markers, out of which only 40 were found polymorphic which resulted in 41.66% polymorphism among the genotypes studied. The number of RAPD markers produced ranged from 4 to 12. Average number of 6.40 bands per primer was observed. On the whole...
Gul Zamin Khan*, Imtiaz Ali Khan**, Inamullah Khan* and Mian Inayatullah**
OUTDOOR BREEDING OF MOSQUITO SPECIES AND ITS POTENTIAL EPIDEMIOLOGICAL IMPLICATIONS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA
...mpared with Aedes and Anopheles species collected from various outdoor breeding habitats. The Culex species was abundant in turbid water with foul smell while the Aedes and Anopheles were higher in comparatively fresh and clear water with low turbidity. The study recommends consideration on removal of artificial containers, monitoring of irrigation water and channels and ultimate control of breeding of dengue vectors in the ...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Nouman Rashid*, Shahzada Arshad Saleem**, Saeeda Raza* and Muhammad Naeem Safdar*
COMPARISON OF INDIGENOUSLY DEVELOPED TANGERINE-ORANGE MARMALADE WITH BRANDED MARMALADES AVAILABLE AT LOCAL MARKETS
... (TPC, yeast and mould), physico-chemical characteristics (pH, Brix, vitamin C and sugars) and organoleptic attributes. TPC count in both samples were nil. Yeast and -1 mould count was nil in branded while it was 600 and 400 cfug in orange and tangerine marmalades, respectively. Sugar contents, pH and Brix ranged from 14.97% to 59.70%, 3.00 to 3.46, 15.0 B to 60.2 B in branded and non-branded marmalades, respectively. Organoleptically marmalade developed at FS...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Abdul Razzaq*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASSES AND IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON FORAGE QUALITY
...eaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their chemical composition. Samples were analyzed for proximate parameters (crude protein (CP), crude fiber (CF), total ash and ether extract (EE)). The results revealed that there were significant differences in dry matter (DM) among different grasses. DM content of low palatable grasses was generally high (70-75%) as compared to Ipil ipil leaves (45-55%...
Maimoona Bashir*, Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Muhammad Fateh Ullah Khan* and Raheel Babar*
EFFECT OF MIXING LOW PALATABLE GRASS OF HETEROPOGON CONTORTUS WITH IPIL IPIL LEAVES ON DIGESTIBILITY IN GOATS
...eaves of Leucaena leucocephala (Ipil ipil, II) in the ratio of 75:25, 50:50, 25:75, along with sole species on their digestibility in small ruminants. Goats fed II , HC II , HC II , HC II and HC had similar 100% 25% 75% 50% 50% 75% 25% 100% dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) consumption among all the treatments. The digestibility percentage of dry matter intake (DMI) varied among the treatments ranging from 68.25% to 41.66%. Mixtures of l...
Muhammad Ayub*, Rizwan Maqbool*, Muhammad Tahir*, Zoaib Aslam*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem* and Muhammad Ibrahim**
IMPROVED GROWTH, SEED YIELD AND QUALITY OF FENNEL (FOENICULUM VULGARE MILL.) THROUGH SOIL APPLIED NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
... effects of nitrogen and phosphorus fertilizer treatments (NP in ratio of 0:0, 30:0, -1 0:30, 30:15, 30:30, 60:30, 60:60, 90:45 and 90:90 kg ha ) on growth, seed yield and quality of fennel during 2011-2012. Fertilizer NP dose (90:45 kg -1 ha ) increased plant height by 44%, number of leaves per plant by 76%, 1000 seed weight by 44%, biological yield by 50%, seed yield by 296%, harvest index by 162% and protein content by 6%...
Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Arshad Ali**, Tariq Sultan** and Muhammad Munir Ahmed***
CHARACTERIZATION OF PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING RHIZOBACTERIA ISOLATED FROM ROOT SYSTEM OF SUNFLOWER (HELIANTHUS ANNUS L) GROWN UNDER SALT AFFECTED AREA OF PAKISTAN
...ubilization of inorganic phosphates, nitrogen fixation and siderophores and other organic acid production, whereas indirectly support plant growth by suppressing plant pathogens. The objective of this study was isolation and characterization of bacterial strains from rhizosphere, endosphere and rhizoplane of sunflower....
Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**
SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...strains from maize rhizosphere. Different combinations of material were prepared using clay soil (35-50%), fly-ash (30-45%), press mud (5-15%) and lignite (5-15%). Clay soil (53% clay) was used for adhesion purpose but considering free of lump formation an important property of a good carrier, mixing 40% of soil with other material was found suitable. Using 40% of soil, six different treatments were formulated and physico-ch...
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz**, Mushtaq A. Saleem*** and Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**
BIOCHEMICAL ABNORMALITIES INDUCED BY ABAMECTIN IN SIXTH INSTAR LARVAE OF THE RED FLOUR BEETLE, TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (HERBST)
...esistant (PAK) and organophosphate susceptible (FSS-II) strains of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) larvae in the laboratory. The objective was to examine changes in production or activities of carboxylesterase (CE), total esterases (TE), alpha-amylase, glucoamylase, alkaline phosphatase (AkP), ...
Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***
TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...ant (PAK) and organo- 50 phosphate-susceptible (FSS-II) strains of red flour beetle, Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) adult beetles were determined through filter paper impregnated method against azadirachtin (Nimbokil 60 EC) and polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon (Tenekil 100 EC). The LC values of these insecticides were worked out as 12830 and 50 9331 ppm for azadirachtin and 5148 and 4047 ppm fo...
Israr Ali*, Naushad Ali*, Riffat Tahira**, Sardar Ali*, Izhar Hussain* and Sher Aslam Khan*
GENETIC DIVERSITY ASSESSMENT IN BRASSICA GERMPLASM BASED ON MORPHOLOGICAL ATTRIBUTES
...udied using different morphological attributes. Data were recorded on days to maturity (DM), -1 -1 plant height (PH), primary branches plant (PBPP), pod length (PL), seed pod (SP), -1 1000-seed weight (1000-SW), yield plant (YPP) and oil (%). Three checks (Pakola, CM and TA), were used to check the performance of collected materials with already available brassica varieties. Significant st...
Quratulain*, Muhammad Aslam**, Muhammad Khalid Rafique*, Mian Atiq Ahmad* and Rashid Mahmood***
POPULATION DYNAMICS OF ROSE APHID MACROSIPHUM ROSAE L. ON DIFFERENT CULTIVARS OF ROSA INDICA L. IN PAKISTAN
...on rose plants for rose aphid populations during 2008-09. Data were recorded on weekly basis. Nymphs, winged and wingless adults were counted from leaves (upper, middle and lower leaves), buds and flowers by visual observation from tagged plants. Aphid populations start to develop in November and its population decline with decline in temperature in December. While its population started r...
Umar Ijaz Ahmed*, Liu Ying**, Muhammad Khalid Bashir***,
Muhammad Amjed Iqbal*, Muhammad Rizwan*, Muhammad Mazhar
Iqbal****, Muhammad Rafi Qamar***** and Aftab Nazeer******
SPATIAL PRICE TRANSMISSION IN PAKISTAN: THE CASE OF WHEAT AND RICE MARKETS
...e to the different geographical locations and transport infrastructure. All the wheat markets are adjusted to price changes in the long run equilibrium except few markets. Unidirectional and bidirectional causality exists between wheat and rice markets. Bad and poor infrastructure is a major impediment to price transmission among the markets. These market imperfections lead to food insecurity in the country. Government should formulate better policies and deve...
Zafar Abbas*, Ijaz Ahmad**, Adnan Shakeel**, Muhammad Abdullah***, Muhammad Islam**, Sadiq Muhammad*, Ghulam Murtaza* and Mushtaq Ahmad**
EFFECT OF PHOSPHORUS FERTILIZER AND WATER STRESS ON PROTEIN AND PHENOLIC CONTENTS IN COTTON (GOSSYPIUM HIRSUTUM L.)
...-496 to water stress and phosphorus fertilizer was investigated. Samples were collected after 90 days of planting. Kjeldahl method and thin layer chromatography (TLC) were used for the quantitative and qualitative analysis of total protein and phenolic compounds, respectively. Proteins were greatly affected by fertilizer treatment and water stress, but <...
Raja Zoq-ul-Arfeen*, Aamir Saleem*, Sarwat Naz Mirza*, Muhammad Akmal**, Hafiz Muhammad Tayyab* and Obaid Afzal***
BIODIVERSITY AND PHYTOSOCIOLOGICAL STUDIES OF UPSTREAM AND DOWNSTREAM RIPARIAN AREAS OF PAKISTAN: SPECIAL REFERENCE TO TAUNSA WILDLIFE SANCTUARY AND KETI SHAH FORESTS
...sclepiadaceae. Different phytosociological parameters indicate Tamarix dioca, Cynodon dactylon, Desmostachya bipinnata, Imperata cylindrica, Fimbristylis hispidula, Acacia nilotica, Phragmites karka, Tamarix sp. and Saccharum bengalense as dominant species. The biodiversity in upstream and downstream areas were rich in pre-monsoon season in comparison to post-monsoon season in surveyed areas. This study is useful for management of the area in the future as con...
Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai*, Amer Mumtaz*, Saeeda Raza* and Shahzada Arshad Saleem**
MICROBIAL COUNT AND SHELF LIFE OF PHALSA (GREWIA ASIATICA) JUICE
... of laboratory developed phalsa juice at room temperature. Phalsa was purchased from local market, juice was prepared and kept in sterilized bottles at room temperature. Physicochemical and microbial and oragnoleptic quality of the juice was examined till two weeks. Microbial activity in phalsa juice increased while organoleptic attributes such as texture (mouth feel), flavour, taste, colour and overall acceptability of
Imran*, Shaheeda Naveed**, Asad Ali Khan* and Inayat Khattak*
IMPACT OF PHOSPHORUS LEVELS AND SEED RATES ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF LATE SOWN MAIZE ON HIGH ELEVATION IN SWAT, PAKISTAN
...;"> After nitrogen, phosphorus (P) is required by the plants relatively in large quantity and is the second most important crop nutrient that increases productivity of maize (Zea mays L.). An experiment on effect of different P O levels and seed rates on growth and yield of late sown maize cv. 2 5 Baber on high elevation during kharif season, was conducted at Farmer Field School, Swat, Pakistan during summer 2012. The e...
Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**
CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...esidue incorporation and phosphorus applications. Split plot design (crop residue in main plots and P application in sub plots) was followed with three replications. Biomass yields were collected at maturity of each crop. Maximum straw and grain -1 yields of both crops were harvested with the application of P O @ 80 kg ha along 2 5 -1 with crop residues incorporations. Overall 2.75 and 2.89 t ha of paddy and -1 wheat, respec...
Muhammad Mudasar Aslam ⃰, Muhammad Jamil**, Ijaz Malook**, Amana Khatoon*, Ali Rehman*, Abdur Rahim***, Pirzada Khan*, Shakir Ullah Khan Shakir*, Shahid Irfan*, Faizan Ullah****, Khair Ul Bashar**, Mahideen Afridi** and Shafiq Ur Rehman*
PHYTOTOXIC EFFECTS OF CALOTROPIS PROCERA, TAMARIX APHYLLA AND PEGANUM HARMALA ON PLANT GROWTH OF WHEAT AND MUSTARD
...was designed to find out phytotoxic effects of Calotropis procera, Tamarix aphylla and Peganum harmala on seed germination and seedling length of wheat and mustard. Results showed that seed germination of wheat was significantly decreased by 5%, 10%, 15%, 20% and 25% while mustard seeds were resistant and were affected by higher dilutions (15%, 20% and 25%) of all plant extracts. Roots of both wheat and mustard were highly a...
Muhammad Zahid Kiani*, Tariq Sultan**, Arshad Ali**, Ghulam Qadir*** Imdad Ali Mahmood**, Tauseef Tabassam**, Muhammad Arshad Ullah** and Nasir Abbas*
EFFECT OF PGPR STRAINS ON SUNFLOWER GROWTH AND NUTRIENT CONTENTS UNDER SALINITY STRESS
...dS m salinity level. The phosphorus and potassium content significantly increased because of bacterial inoculation. The strain KS 7 -1 indicated the maximum phosphorus contents at 5dS m which was 313% higher as compared to control. Similarly K+ content significantly increased at all salinity levels. This study concluded that PGPR isolate KS 44 is the mos...
Mohammad Umar Farooq* , Sarfraz Ahmad ** , Mohammad Islam and Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar ***
ASSESSING THE STATUS OF CARBON POOL IN TWO RANGELAND GRASSES ( ) IN POTHWAR, REGION, PAKISTAN
...sequestration during the photosynthesis process via plant biomass is the extent of this atmospheric gas. Data for above and below phytomass for two rangeland grasses was collected and carbon pool was estimated by Wet Combustion and Dry Combustion method. Four transect lines were drawn in each experimental plot. Twenty four samples of each experimental plot were collected with the help of A...
Mehwish Kiran*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Kashif Waseem*
and Muhammad Sohail**
EFFECT OF ORGANIC MANURES AND INORGANIC FERTILIZERS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF RADISH ( L)
... @ 20 t ha and nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium (NPK) @ 120-65-100 kg ha . Data on leaf plant , leaf length (cm), fresh leaf weight plant (g), dry leaf weight plant (g), root length (cm), root diameter (cm), fresh root weight plant (g), dry root weight plant (g), total biomass plant (g), root yield pot (g) and root yield (t ha ) were recorded and analyzed statistically. The results revealed that all growth attributes and yiel...
Raza Ullah*, Mariam Rehman*, Maria Anjum*, Muhammad Asif
Kamran**, Khuda Bakhsh***, Abdul Saboor****
NAVIGATING FARMING RISKS BY SIMULTANEOUS DIVERSIFICATION AND CREDIT THROUGH FORMAL AND INFORMAL COMMUNICATION CHANNEL
...most. At policy level, emphasis may be given to formal training and awareness of the farmers for diversification to compensate production risks. The existing extension network can be strengthened through its institutional linkage with metrology department and information communication technologies to further inform and train the farmers about disasters and disaster associated risks....
Ghazala Nawaz*, Muhammad Nawaz Malik**, Muhammad Hassan
Mushtaq***, Fraz Munir Ahmad****, Ali Abdullah Shah*****, Farooq
Iqbal******, Shinawar Waseem Ali*******, Zahida Fatima******** and
Amjad Khan*********
SURVEILLANCE OF BRUCELLOSIS IN LIVESTOCK IN RURAL COMMUNITIES OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...ubtropical region, geographically significant (P<0.01) variation was observed in burden and pattern of brucellosis i.e., the highest prevalence was in Central (14.81%) followed by South (0.5%) and northern (0.4%) Punjab. Considering the high mean prevalence and its zoonotic importance it can be devastating if not controlled because of bad management practices, lack of awareness and close contact of farmers with their livestock in Pakistan. Where the socio-e...
Sadaf Javaria*, Muhammad Qasim Khan*, Kashif Waseem*, Muhammad Saleem Jilani*, Habib ur Rahman*, Muhammad Sohail Khan* and Muhammad Sohail**
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON IMPACT OF BIO AND ORGANOMINERAL FERTILIZES ON COMPOSITION AND SHELF LIFE OF TOMATO ( ) FRUIT.
...ty parameters including; physicochemical (vitamin C, lycopene, total soluble solids and pericarp thickness); sensory (fruit color, fruit flavor and fruit firmness) and shelf life. It was concluded that bio-fertilizer integrated with Farmyard Manure emerged as better nutrient source over other treatments. Benefits of bio fertilizer application were more in the presence of Farmyard Manure on quality of tomato in comparison with NPK. No work has been previously p...
Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din
MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN
...l) were evaluated for morphological UPOV (International Union
for the Protection of New Varieties of Plants) and the International Board for
Plant Genetic Resources (IBPGR) characteristics. Three cultivars
(Charmagzi, Shai Pawand and Narie) had fruit weight from 39-41 g. Most of
the cultivars had small fruit with sweet and large size kernel. Habi and
Astore 1 had latest harvest in late June. Nili Pawa...
Asif ullah Khan*, Faizan Ullah*, Sultan Mehmood*, Muhammad Irshad* and Farhat Ullah Khan**
ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF L. PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS
...gn: justify;"> Jatropha curcas J. curcas J. curcas J. curcas Parthenium hysterophorus J. curcas P. hysterophorus L. ( ) is gaining interest as biodiesel plant in Pakistan. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate the interaction of not only with crop plants but also with weed species before its introduction into agroforestry systems. During present investigation, allelopathic potenti...
Syed Haider Abbas*, Ayesha Tahir**, Muhammad Asim***, Muhammad Sohail* and Riaz-ud-Din*
PRODUCTIVITY AND PROFITABILITY OF WHEAT PAK-13 AT DIFFERENT SEEDING DENSITIES UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...d that the highest chlorophyll contents (49.5), number of tillers/m (240), biological yield (7125 kg/ha), and grain yield (2660 kg/ha) were achieved at seeding density 100 kg/ha and was significantly different among various levels of seeding density. Again, the profitability analysis show the maximum gross margin (Rs. 98920/ha) and BCR (3.44) at 100 kg/ha seeding density level....
Sher Muhammad , Ijaz Ashraf*, Amir Khatam**, and Naima
Nawaz***
SOCIO-ECONOMIC CHARACTERISTICS OF FARMERS AND THEIR PARTICIPATION IN ACTIVITIES OF MODEL FARM SERVICES CENTERS IN KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...agriculture by putting emphasis on the delivery of demand-based services through their active involvement. This improved situation regarding availability of agricultural inputs and good decision making may result in active participation by farmers in farm related activities. The present paper focuses on farmers' participation in various activities of MFSCs as influenced by their socio-economic characteristics. The target population of current study consisted o...
Dachuan Cheng1,2, Md Mahbubul Hassan3, Zhenhua Ma1, 2, 3,*, Qibin Yang1 and Jian G. Qin3
...tion of adjacent pterygiophores, haemal spine anomaly, neural spines anomaly, anomaly in pterygiophores and supernumerary neural spines. Results from this study add new knowledge to functional morphology of crimson snapper that would be useful to larval aquaculture of marine teleosts.
...
Dildar Hussain Kalhoro1,2,, Shan Liang1, Muhammad Saleem Kalhoro2, Shoaib Ahmed Pirzado2, Nasir Rajput2, Muhammad Naeem2, Fahmida Parveen2 andYongjie Liu1*
...cs of CIV.
...
Yanling Xia1,2, Heping Li2, Yuntao Liang2, Jichen Zhao2, Binshan Lu2 and Di Liu1,*
...s sequence alignment and phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that theVps26A protein of sika deer was highly similar to that of Bos taurus. Expression analysis by real-time quantitative RT-PCR revealed that Vps26A gene had a higher expression level at day 90 than those obtained at day 60 and 30.
...
Anum Rafique, Sajid Abdullah, Khalid Abbas, Huma Naz* and Wardah Hassan
...neyof silver carp(Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) was studied. Fish was divided into two groups. One group kept under chronic exposure of metals mixture (Pb+Cr) for 15 days and other group of fish was kept under controlled conditions. Partial purification of SOD was done by Ammonium sulphate precipitation. Ion-exchange column chromatography was used to purify enzyme for further partial...
Youbao Zhong1, Xianlai Zhang1, Xiaofen Hu1 and Yong Li1, 2,*
...le is known about the morphological characteristics of the hedgehog’s small intestine. This study was conducted to investigate the microstructure of the hedgehog’s small intestine and mast cell distribution by conventional HE and modified toluidine blue staining, respectively. Despite its similarity to the general mammal small intestine microstructure, the present results indicated that the hedgehog duodenum contained fewer Brunner’s glands, ...
Hina Zubair1, Saima Perveen2, Saeed Alam3, Akkad Rafiq4* and Sara Ejaz
...lation with socio-demographic factors at divisional headquarter hospital in a year time. A retrospective study was performed by analyzing one year records from family planning clinic at divisional headquarter hospital. At family planning centers, a total of 920 individuals attended the Reproductive Health Services from April 2015 to March 2016. Among them, 92% individual utilized temporary methods and only 8% utilized permanent methods. Regarding temporary sol...
Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun
...ors of non-compliance to physicians’ advice in diabetics attending outpatients, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in outpatient diabetic clinics of Shaikh Zayed and Services Hospitals in Lahore. Results presented in this study are based on 177 patients investigated for 3 months (April 2014-June 2014). Subjects were conveniently enrolled after taking written informed consent using a self-constructed and structured questionnaire. Out of 177 ...
Samina Ashraf1*, Ghulam Haider2 and Maimoona Ashraf3
...are at increased risk of physical, sexual, and emotional abuse as well as to other practices of violence, such as institutional violence, drug use, undesirable sterilisation, medical abuse, mortification, and nuisance. This study is intended to explore the lived experiences of women with disabilities who have been subjected to any type of violence, generate a theoretical model for the ways in which women with disabilities survived and coped with their violence...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
... to determine the polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and leptin (LEP) genes in Kivircik crossbred ewes. Therefore, IGF1/BfoI and Lep/BcnI polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the regulatory region ...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Zafarullah Baloch3
...s with r = 0.951 at 1% alpha level. Results from regression analysis revealed that age, education and experience are strong predictors in the model to increase the knowledge level of the respondents for production, processing and marketing of the dates in district Panjgur.
...
...
Mohammad Nazeer* and Safdar Hussain Shah
... conducted to analyze morphological traits of four indigenous goat breeds of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. The breeds selected for this study were namely Damani, Surguli, Kaghani and Gaddi. Data was collected from two districts to the south (Dera Ismail Khan and Kohat) and two districts to the north (Kaghan and Naran) of KP province. Total number of 120 goat specimen (30 per breed) was selected for this study from random locations. A pretested ...
Martín Grassi
... thought. I will address philosophy, biology, and theology, by studying Aristotle’s natural philosophy, Thomas Aquinas’ theology, and Maturana and Varela’s biological theory of autopoiesis. Although self-sufficiency is quite revealing of what life is, I will argue that it does notdo justice to the relational essence of life, bein...
Jesse M. Smith
...he techniques of ethnographic content analysis consistent with the inductive logic of a constructionist grounded theory. Combing elements of rhetorical theory with a sociological view of religious movement and marketplace, I identify the major themes and evolving narrative of this American religion in relation to secular historical and cultural conditions. The data suggest the rhetorical strategies revealed in Mormon leaders’ discourse on the secular is ...
Mahmoud M. Al-Azzazy1,2 and Saleh S. Alhewairini1,*
Yanxiao Meng1, Guihua Wang1, Dongmei Xiong1,*, Haixia Liu1, Xiaolin Liu1, Lixin Wang1 and Jianlu Zhang2
...ic status in terms of morphological variation among these species or subspecies. Results of geometric morphometric analysis indicated significantly morphological variation in body shape among three morphotypes based on 18 landmarks. Principal component analysis (PCA) showed that the cumulative contribution rate of the first five principal components were...
Filiz Kutluyer*
...ng the effect of L-tryptophan on quality of sperm and its fertilizing capacity in endangered trout Salmo coruhensis, Anatolian trout Salmo rizeensis and rainbow trout Oncorhynchus mykiss. Different activation media (NaCl, 0.3%; NaHCO3, 1%) were supplemented with L-tryptophan [Control (0), 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mM] for assessing sperm motility and its duration, fertility and hatching rate of eg...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...components.
...
Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1,*, Shagufta Andleeb2, Maha Tahir1, Beenish Zahid1 and Madeeha Arshad1
...on, analyzed based on morphological, morphometric, histological and skeletal characteristics. Morphometric analysis of the cadmium treated groups indicated a significant (p<0.05 to p<0.001) reduction in fetal body weight, crown rump length, head circumference, eye circumference, forelimb and hind limb lengths and tail size compared to control fetuses. Morph
Burcu Onuk1,*, Murat Kabak1, Bünyamin Sahin2 and Nazan Gezer İnce3
...anned in computed tomography. The images were sampled randomly at a 1/5 sampling fraction. 11-16 sections for the stork and 16-20 sections for the seagull were examined. The sectional surface areas of the total nasal cavity, nasal septum, nasal space and conchae were estimated using the Cavalieri principle of the stereological methods. The volume and volume fractions of structures were assessed. Results obtained from the CT images were compared between stork a...
Zhiping Hu, Hussain Ahmad, Jingfei Zhang, Lili Zhang and Tian Wang*
...lts showed that alkaline phosphatase in T2 group was significantly decreased at 21d, blood urea nitrogen and alanine aminotransferase were significantly increased compared to CON group at 42d in broilers. Serum globulin content (21d) and total protein content (42d) were lower in T2 group than that of CON group. Serum total antioxidant capacity was higher and malondialdehyde content was lower in T1 group than that of CON grou...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto2
... range of biological and physiological processes, particularly involved in the hydrolysis of complex organic materials. Several pathogenic microbial species utilize enzymes as virulence factors to cause diseases. The aim of the present study was to evaluate enzymatic activities of the bacterial strain Shigella dysenteriae IM using API-ZYM test system. Out of nineteen different enzymes, S. dysenteriae IM strain was capable to poroduce nine enzymes...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Ali Murad Jakhar3, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo3
...>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) from T. molitor cadavers was compared in relation to the dosage of infective juveniles (IJ) applied and exposure periods. Significantly (P< 0.001) greater numbers of nematodes (predominantly IJ) were recovered from the cadavers of T. molitor that had been inoculated with S. feltiae than H. bacteriophora. The inoculum dose also had an influence on the numbers ...
Saba Parveen Samo1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Javed Gadahi2, Yan Lei3, Allah Bux Kaciwal1 and Saeed Ahmed Soomro1
... in B compared to A. The physico-chemical properties of meat were not significantly different between the groups except fat content (2.75 ± 0.25 vs 2.00 ± 0.05%, P < 0.096) which tended to increase in B compared to A. These data demonstrated that dietary SY supplementation increased gastrointestinal tract weight and nutrient digestibilities, and improved some carcass characteristics in goats.
...
Aqsa Gulzar1, Tariq Mahmud1,*, Rubina Munir2 and Asma Anjum3
...i>-[4-(hydrazinecarbonyl)phenyl]acetamide with 3-nitro and 4-nitrobenzaldehyde. Characterization of the synthesized compounds was done by using various spectroscopic techniques namely FTIR, proton and carbon-13 NMR, Mass spectrometry and elemental analysis. The results were in great consistency with the structures of the synthesized compounds and confirmed the formation of the targeted compounds. It was found that the compound 4a was potentially anti-inflammat...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
Hao Zhang,1,2,3,* Hai Tao Nie,3 Tie Wei Ma,3 Zi Yu Wang3 and Feng Wang3
... ewe lambs in the growth phase of 35 to 50 kg BW.
...
Ali Haider Saleem1,*, Khalid Javed2, Masroor Ellahi Babar3, Tanveer Hussain3, Asad Ali2, Afzal Ali2, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Zahid Farooq1 and Muhammad Dawood2
...rldwide. LEP gene polymorphism and associations have not been extensively reported in Lohi sheep of Pakistan, so this study aimed to find any variations in gene sequence and possible association with growth rate to explore meat potential of this breed. A total of 18 Lohi animals were selected from the flock. After the DNA extraction from blood samples, a 1486 bp fragment of exon three was amplified and sequenced. Sequence analysis revealed single nucleotide po...
Grace C. Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar N. Aguzie, Christopher D. Nwani*, R.N.N. Obiezue and I.C. Okoye
...ection relative to Anopheles mosquito abundance, relative humidity and temperature in Nsukka, Nigeria. Hospital records from three hospitals in Nsukka town: Bishop Shanahan Hospital, University of Nigeria Medical Centre and Sadiq Hospital were examined for malaria prevalence and intensity from January to July 2015. Indoor biting Anopheles mosquitoes were collected by standard procedures within the study duratio...
Wei Dang1, Ning Xu1, Wen Zhang1, Jing Gao2, Handong Fan1 and Hongliang Lu 1,*
... have developed specific physiological and biochemical adaptations. Heat shock proteins and other molecular chaperones play specific physiological roles in such thermal adaptation. Here, we analyzed heat shock protein 70 (Hsp70) expression in six lizard species to investigate the variation in Hsp70 response contributing to thermal adaptation. At first, we collected three lizard species of the genus Takydromus from dif...
Muhammad Umair Sattar1, Aysha Sameen1,*, Nuzhat Huma1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...ubjected to analysis for physicochemical parameters, functional attributes, texture (hardness), appearance (L* value) and proteolysis by RP-HPLC. Use of guar gum as fat mimetic and cheese milk homogenization significantly (p<0.01) affected the composition, functionality, texture and appearance of LFMCs. LFMCs functionality and texture also improved during ripening but appearance was negatively affected. Reverse pha...
Hongwei Liang1,2,*, Miaomiao Tong1, Lihuan Cao1,2, Xiang Li3, Zhong Li1 and Guiwei Zou1,*
...highest concentration of pharmacodynamic amino acids and the highest concentration (P < 0.05) of arachidonic acid (females: 109.83 mg/ 100g, males: 110.72 mg/100 g). Concentrations of eicosapentaenoic acid and docosahexaenoic were higher in male muscle than in female muscle. Opposite results were obtained with calipash. The n-3-to-n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acid ratios were within the recommended range in all three strains. Chinese soft-shelled turtle...
Nasir Abbas1, Muhammad Suleman1, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,*, Ijaz Ali3, Mubashir Rauf1,5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman4,*
...ase (CRD) in poultry and pheasantry birds of Northern Pakistan is underreported. In this study we report on the seroprevalence and isolation of MG from a total of 2341 poultry and 24 pheasantry birds. Overall, seropositivity of 46.56% (1090/2341) and 27.2% (6/24) against MG was observed among poultry- and pheasantry- birds, respectively. Broiler breeder and broiler showed 58.93% (264/448) ...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
Shireen Ihsan Izzaddeen1 and Ali Kaygısız2,*
...e, AST, GGT, creatinine, phosphor, calcium, insulin, total T3, total T4, albumin, GH and globulin concentrations did not differ between the groups (P>0.05). Essential laurel oil containing whole milk, on the other hand, lowered serum triglyceride concentration (P<0.05). Altogether these results suggested that the consumption of laurel essential oil (600 mg/day) containing whole milk by calves might have positive influe...
Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4
Sabah Mansoor1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Amna Jawad1, Bushra Munir2, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Naeem Rashid3 and Muhammad Wasim1
...zation of recombinant α-amylase (AMYSBS) from Geobacillus SBS-4S. AMYSBS exhibited a highest identity of 99.78% with Geobacillus thermoleovorance GTA. E.coli BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells were used as host for expression studies of AMYSBS. Recombinant AMYSBS produced as inclusion bodies was transmitted to soluble active form by denaturing the insoluble protein using 8M urea followed by refoldi...
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
...s; however, it induces nephrotoxicity caused by oxidative stress. Here, we investigated whether radon inhalation has different effects against CDDP-induced renal injury in two mouse strains differing in radiosensitivity, and determined the appropriate dose of CDDP combined with radon inhalation for highly radiosensitive mice. CDDP was administered at 20 mg/kg weight to C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice after radon inhalation at 1000 Bq/m3 and 2000 Bq/m3...
Humaira Jabeen and Nazia Jamil*
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
Ikramullah Khan1,2*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Sohail Akhtar2, Ijaz Ali3 and Ghufran Ullah4
... June, respectively. The physiological parameters recorded were rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) whereas biochemical parameters determined from blood serum were glucose, cortisol and Heat shock protein-70 (HSP-70). Thermal stress increased all physiological parameterssignificantly (P < 0.001). Holstein Frisian manifested maximumincrease in RT, RR and PR (3.33, 209.50 and 59.41%) than cros...
Muhammad Tariq Zahid1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2, Soumble Zulfiqar3, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3,4*
Partial Characterization of α-amylase Produced from Aspergillus niger using Potato Peel as Substrate
Shahzad Mahmood1, Memuna Ghafoor Shahid1, Muhammad Irfan2, Muhammad Nadeem3*, Quratulain Syed3
...for the production of α–amylase. The crude enzyme produced was further characterized. The results showed that enzyme had an optimum pH of 6.0 and stable in range of 4.0-6.0. Optimum temperature of enzyme was 40oC and attained 96% activity at 40oC for 70min. Metal profile showed that α-amylase activity was enhanced in the presence of Ca2+, Cs1+, Mn2+
Muhammad Zahid Latif1*, Rahila Nizami2, Intzar Hussain3
.... It is an international phenomenon in which the individuals provide their time and services free of cost to an organization for the benefit of others (2). It is vital for the sustainability and smooth functioning of the nonprofit and community organizations that the participation on volunteer basis should be regular and ongoing (3). This is worth mentioning that in United States during the...
Nazish Imran
...to be considered & emphasized as an integral component of overall health & growth of young population. Youth with positive mental health have positive self-efficacy beliefs, are productive and able to tackle developmental challenges adequately.(4) On the other hand, poor mental health in young age is associated with school failure, delinquency, social and peer problems, substance misuse alongside adverse outco...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...ryos were studied for morphological and morphometric analysis. Liver tissues were dissected out from each group for histological analysis. Cadmium chloride induced significant developmental abnormalities such as reduced body weight and crown rump length, exencephaly, ablepharia, crossed beak, gastroschisis, crooked toes, non-alcoholic fatty liver and pyk...
Mei Li1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...t period and the changed physiological function returned to baseline for a long period. Tannic acid has no effect on body mass and no significant difference was detected in NST between pre- and the end of experiment in E. miletus. All of the results indicated that E. miletus can adjust their physiological functions to match the changes in food conditions.
...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou3, Jian-hua Huang1, Qi-bin Yang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1,*
Muhammad Arshad,1* Sajjad Ahmad1, Muhammad Sufyan1, Zain-ul Abdin1 and Sumaira Maqsood2
...n particular.
...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in bursa of Fabricius (P<0.05), along with an increase in the concentrations of immunoglobulin-G (IgG) and interleukin-12 (IL-12) in the serum of ducks at 1 day and 7 days after LPS injection (P<0.05). However, there were no apparent changes in organ index or the relative expression of TLR4 and IgM (P>0.05). Furthermore, correlation analysis showed a p...
Sherin Reda Rouby
...s, scabs, buffy coat, lymph aspirate and engorged ticks) and three sheep pox biopsy skin samples were subjected to DNA extraction followed by 30 kDa RNA polymerase subunit gene-based polymerase chain reaction (PCR) (RPO30) together with tissue culture-adapted cattle LSDV/Ismailyia88 strain and two Sheep poxvirus vaccinal strains as control. LSDV yield amplicon differed in length by 21 nucleotides from those produced from SPPV either field or vaccinal strain. A...
Ligia Neves Scuarcialupi, Laila Andreia Rodrigues Beserra, Julia Rosas Hochheim, Rodrigo Martins Soares, Fabio Gregori*
...quencing and analyzed by phylogenetic analysis. There were 5 RVF positive samples (5.15%) in 2 broilers, 1 laying hen and 2 breeders. Only one RVG sample (1.03%) was detected in laying hen, in coinfection with RVF. This data contributes to a better understanding of rotavirus distribution in Brazil.
...
Evolutionary Analysis and Phylodynamics of Avian Influenza Virus H5N1 between 2015 and 2016 in Egypt
Osama Elshazly1, AbdelSatar Arafa1, Mohammed A. Rohaim2, Ismaeil M. Reda2 and Hussein A. Hussein2*
...ypt; 5202 cloacal and oropharyngeal swabs were collected from live/dead birds, including commercial and backyard flocks, in five different locations in Egypt between the years of 2015 and 2016. All samples were screened using virus isolation, as well as antigenic and molecular detection methods. Full-length hemagglutinin (HA) sequences of six representative H5N1 isolates were analysed to study their genetic evolution followed by estimation of their evolutionar...
Muhammad Suhaib1, Ijaz Ahmad2*, Masooma Munir3, Muhammad Bilal Iqbal4 , Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5 and Safdar Ali6
...stress lowered the chlorophyll contents, number of tillers and K+/Na+ ratio in both genotypes but the application of salicylic acid improve all the mentioned parameters significantly. The treatment effect of 0.25 mM salicylic acid was more effective under both levels of salt stress as compared to 50 mM salicylic acid treatment. Genotypic differences were non-significant but cumulatively Punjab-2011 showed better performance as compared to Faisalabad-2008. ...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Fariha Zahid1, Noor-ul-Ain1, Yousra Nisar1, Chaman Ara2
...pted embryos with microcephly, hydrocephaly, short neck, micromelia, amelia, micrognathia, agnathia, cataract, ectopiacordis, omphalocoel, axis distortion, anencephaly, anophthalmia, microphthalmia, phocomelia with reduced body weight and crown- ru...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...habitat preferences of amphibians and reptiles in any particular ecosystem. During past few years, a decline in amphibian and reptilian species attracted attention of the conservation biologists worldwide to monitor herpetofunal diversity for effective conservation planning and management. Different sampling techniques are applied during herpetofaunal surveys and some of them might be expensive, time intensive and their effe...
Muhammad Umar1, Mubashar Hussain1,*, Ghulam Murtaza1, Farid Asif Shaheen2 , Fatima Zafar1
...ion, fragmentation, eutrophication, anthropogenic activities and illegal hunting. The adverse effects of habitat loss (Band tailed fish eagle, Black Stork and Water Pipit), pesticides (Gulls, Eagles, Terns, Ducks and Cormorants), eutrophication (Painted stork and Dalmatian pelican), Agrochemical Contamination (Black-tailed godwit and Fish bird) Heavy Metal Pollution Contamination (Cattle egrets), Unsustainable Fisheries Prac...
Noor Fatima1, Muhammad Irfan2,*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1
...ton stalk with dilute sulphuric acid which was optimized through response surface methodology. Pretreatment conditions were optimized using three variable with three levels like sulfuric acid concentrations (0.6%, 0.8%, 1% v/v), biomass loading (5%, 10%, 15% w/v), and residence time (4, 6 and 8h). After pretreatment process, cellulase production was achieved by solid substrate which was conducted in 250mL capacity Erlenmeyer flask in which incubation of Bac...
Pei-Ying Peng1,2, Xian-Guo Guo1,2,* and Dao-Chao Jin2
...ply concave. By these morphological features, the new species can be easily identified and differentiated from some other laelaps.
...
Jehangir Khan1,*, Rasheedullah1, Bakht Tarin Khan2, Ayaz Ahmad3, Muhammad Salman4 and Khalid Khan5
...s at clinics, houses and pharmacies belonging to three Tehsils (Puran, Alpuri and Besham) of district Shangla. The Immuno-chromatographic (ICT) and enzyme linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) techniques were applied for the presence of anti-HCV, while RT-PCR was used for active HCV infection. Our study reports an overall prevalence of HCV among 131 (14.55%), 103 (11.44%), and 94 (10.4%) by ICT, ELISA, and RT-PCR techniques in ...
Habibullah* and Sahib Alam
...n (N) fertilizer on soil physicochemical properties at various growth stages of maize and subsequent wheat crop. Biochar was applied before sowing, while N application was carried out in splits to the crops. The study was conducted in district Buner, Pakistan using randomized complete block design with split-plot arrangement. Biochar was applied at the rates of 0, 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha as the main plot factor. The immediate effect of biochar was assessed on ...
Nadia Faqir1, Aish Muhammad2*, Ghulam Muhammad Ali2, Armghan Shehzad2, Hafeez Ur Rahman3, Farhatullah4 and Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder5
...he basis of seventeen morphological traits, five parameter of proximate composition of date fruit and sequence analysis of two genes (maturase k and geranyl geranyl biphosphate reductase) from chloroplast region. Analysis of variance has revealed significant variation among the studied date palm samples pertaining to the studied physical traits and chemi...
Leila A. Kaimbayeva1,*, Elena S. Malysheva2, Rashit Kazikhanov3 and Saule R. Kazikhanova4
...influence both on the morphological composition of the lean tissue and on the shelf life of the meat.
...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...ry water fowl (n=3; 1%), pheasant (n=2; 0.8%), grey leg goose (n=1; 0.4%), turkey (n=1; 0.4%), eagle (n=1; 0.4%) and crane (n=1; 0.4%), for domesticated bird species sero-prevalence was; broiler (n= 152; 60%), rural poultry (n=14; 6%), domestic desi birds (n=12; 5%), pigeons (n=9; 3.6%), desi chicken (n=9; 3.6%), broiler breeder (n=3; 1%) and layer (n=2; 0.8%). Overall sero-prevalence was 53% and average range of the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) antibody t...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
...fferent countries. Geographical variation in susceptibility to spinosad in stored grain insect pests has been reported worldwide; however, there is a lack of information in Pakistan. In the present study, one laboratory reference strain and five field strains each of, Rhyzopertha dominica, Sitophilus oryzae and Tribolium castaneum, were collected from Punjab, and assessed for their susceptibility to spin...
Mahwish Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Maqsood Shah1 and Inamullah Khan2
...l shields, periterme, morphology of setae on the legs and palps and its arrangement and number were observed. Results of the present study showed that the studied specimens were Varroa destructor, however, no Varrova jacobsoni were recorded during chaetotaxy and morphological studied. The study also confirms that V. jacobsoni population is not present in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa region of Pakistan. ...
Shuai Shang1,2, Honghai Zhang2,*, Xiaoyang Wu2, Qinguo Wei2, Jun Chen1, Huanxin Zhang1, Huaming Zhong2 and Xuexi Tang1,*
.... Then, we constructed a phylogenetic tree using Tas2r genes sequences from these fifteen species. Phylogenetic analyses showed that most Tas2r genes of raccoon dogs were closed to other canid-species, indicating that the Tas2r genes were very conservative. Besides, we also detected positive selection in 11 intact genes in raccoon dogs. The results of the positive selection analyses indicated that Tas2r10 and Tas2r67 had posi...
Hexaprotodon (Mammalia: Hippopotamidae) from the Pinjor Formation of Bhimber, Azad Kashmir, Pakistan
Muhammad Akbar Khan
...ty of this taxon, its morphological characters are incompletely known. Hippopotamid material recently excavated in the middle Pleistocene locality of Bhimber (Azad Kashmir, Pakistan) includes an almost complete mandible that provides a better knowledge of the taxon morphology. Hexaprotodon sivalensis is reported for the first time from the Bhimber Pleistocene locality of Azad Kashmir, Pakistan.
...
Sher Nawab Khan* and Ghulam Hassan
...="text-align: justify;">Aphids are common wheat and barley pest in many parts of the world including Pakistan. This experiment was conducted at the experimental field of the department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan during 2014-15 and 2015-16. Eight bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) varieties i.e., Atta-Habib (AH), Lalma-13 (Lal-13), Tatara-96 (Tat-96), Punjab-11 (PJ-11), Pirsabak-2005 (PS-...
Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1
...anobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic association with large numbers of plants and microbial mats. In this regard, a pot experiment was carried out with the aim to assess the impact of different strains of cyanobacteria on rice crop growth and nutrients uptake under saline soil condition at Nation...
Imran Khan1, Zahir Shah2, Wiqar Ahmad3*, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Sharif2
Habib-ur-Rehman1, Masood Ahmed Siddiqui1,*, Abdul Qayyum1, Arifa Bano1 and Naeem Rashid2
...ullulanase hydrolyzes α-1,6 glycosidic bonds in pullulan and α-1,6 as well as α-1,4 glycosidic bonds in starch. Most of the previously reported type II pullulanases are metal ion dependent and hard to purify, to homogeneity, due to low level of expression or the proteolytic machinery of the host. Herein we report expression in Escherichia coli and purification of m...
Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1,*, Hummaira Iqbal1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Haseena Ghulam Muhammad1 and Muhammad Irfan1
...b weaving spider Cyrtophora citricola, was observed. Live spiders for the study were collected from citrus orchards of Sargodha and maintained individually in the laboratory. Both the control and insecticide treated spiders were offered larvae of Drosophila melanogaster in different densities. C. citricola increased prey consumption as the prey density was increased. Insecticide treated C. citricola
Ghulam Muhae-ud-Din1,4, Anam Moosa1, Umer Farooq Ghummen1, Muhammad Jabran1, Amjad Abbas1, Muhammad Naveed2, Abdul Jabbar1 and Muhammad Amjad Ali1,3,*
...hapis excels and Ophiopogan japonicas were moderately resistant, Cordyline fruticosa, Hibiscus syriacus and Carrisa macrocarpa were moderately susceptible, Murraya paniculata and Ficus benjamina were susceptible, F. elastica, Artemissia stelleriana and Duranta repens were highly susceptible to M. incognita infection according to a well established 0-4 galling scale. The highest gal...
Muhammad Suhaib1*, Ijaz Ahmad2, Masooma Munir3, Badar-Uz-Zaman1, Bushra Atta4 and Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar5
...gnificant effects on the physiology and biochemical parameters of crop plants however lower level of salicylic acid 0.25 mM was found more efficient then the higher level of salicylic acid. Salicylic acid induced improvement is significant regardless of stress environment or normal growth conditions.
...
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Baharullah Khattak1*, Saifullah2, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharraf Ahmad2, Asad Ali2, Mohammad Junaid2, Ijaz Ahmad Khan3, Taj Ali Khan1 and Mubbashir Hussain1
...andomly amplified polymorphic DNA procedure. A selected set of three random primers was used for this purpose, which resulted in 113 bands on gel for the 15 isolates of T. harzianum. The analysis of the bi-variate data, using Unweighted Paired Groups Method Averages, divided the indigenous isolates of Trichoderma, into four well-defined clusters. These results clearly revealed that there were considerable genetic differences among the Trichoderma isolates. Whi...
Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
...ant parts at heading and physiological maturity as compared to sheep and cattle manure. Application of nitrogen at the higher rates (125 to 150 kg N ha-1) enhanced dry matter partitioning at heading and physiological maturity than lower N rates and control. Likewise, wheat sown with deep tillage system resulted in increased dry matter partitioning into different plant parts than conventional tillage system. We concluded from...
Safdar Ali1*, Obaidullah Shafique1, Tariq Mahmood2, Muhammad Amir Hanif1, Ijaz Ahmed3 and Bashir Ahmad Khan4
...rmful effect on the atmosphere against the anomaly based only on small amounts of toxicological research and concerns about the safety of nanomaterials....
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam1, Iram Gull1, Zaigham Abbas2,* and Muhammad Amin Athar1
....
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Pasqua Rotondi1, Maria Antonietta Colonna1, Giuseppe Marsico1, Francesco Giannico1, Marco Ragni1 and Anna Maria Facciolongo2,*
...linseed was analysed for physical and sensory properties, chemical and fatty acid composition of intramuscular lipids. Twenty-one three-week-old kids were divided into three homogeneous groups (n = 7), according to age and body weight, and assigned to one of the following feeding treatments: C) control: commercial pelleted feed; L) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed; LO) pelleted feed containing 3% extruded linseed and 0.6% dried oregano inflorescenc...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
... was resistant to chloramphenicol. These E. coli isolates carried one or more antimicrobial resistance genes. Genes present with highest frequency were tetA (42%), tetB (28%) and ampC (26%). Fewer E. coli isolates carried tetD (10%), tetE (8%) and tetG (8%) genes. None of the isolates was positive for bla2 resistance genes. PCR results of virulence genes confirmed that 66% of strains were carrying ...
Ayesha Munir, Hafiz Muhammad Umer, Anjum Nasim Sabri and Imran Sajid*
...nds. The biochemical and physiological characterization along with the molecular identification by 16S rRNA gene sequencing confirmed that caries isolates are pathogenic S. mutans and soil isolates belong to the genus Streptomyces. The antibiotic resistance profile of S. mutans illustrated resistance to optochin. The antimicrobial screening of Streptomyces against S. mutans showed that these strain are the prolific producers ...
Hongqun Li1, Xiaoli Liu2,*, Zhenmin Lian3,RenheWang4, Yongbin Wang4, Yongyao Fu1 andDingyi Wang5
...rable” brown-eared pheasant (Crossoptilon mantchuricum) to compare microhabitat characteristics of successful and unsuccessful nests in the Huanglongshan Nature Reserve, Huanglong County, Shaanxi Province, China, from 2006 to 2014 except for 2008. Forty (62.5%) of the 64 nests that we monitored were successful. Successful nest sites had greater tree cover, increased cover and density of shrubs, and more low-lying shrub cover (1.0 m in height) than...
Asad Sultan1,*, Shahroom Khan1, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2 and Hamza Maris3
...r, ash, calcium (Ca) and phosphorous (P) were significantly (P<0.05) higher in OA-2. On the other hand, fecal Ca and P decreased significantly (P<0.05) in OA-2. Mean dry matter and ash contents increased significantly (P<0.05) in OA-2, while crude protein, crude fibre, ether extract and metabolizable energy increased significantly (P<0.05) in OA-1.5 and OA-2. In conclusion, addition of OA in drinking water at the...
Baoying Guo*1, Yu Chen1, Chuan Zhang2, Zhenming Lv1, Kaida Xu3, Hongling Ping4 and Huilai Shi4
...efishes, and constructed phylogenetic trees estimating their relationships. The genome was 16,228 bp and contained 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and 2 long-noncoding regions [both in the control regions (CR)]. The composition and order of genes in S. lycidas were similar to those of most other invertebrates. The overall base composition of S. lycidas is 35.8% T, 14.8% C, 41.3% A, and 8.1% G, with extremely...
Ashraf Sayed Awaad1 and Mohamed Zaki Fathy2*
...irmed by computed tomography (CT) as well as successful application of the needle within the epidural space guided by ultrasonography (US). This study was conducted on seven lumbosacropelvic regions of goat cadavers and five live goats of both sexes ranged between 25-30 kg body weight. Longitudinal and cross anatomical sections were done on these samples; the sections were photogra
Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali2
Mehmet Aydın*
...navigator, and Eriphia verrucosa) living in the Black Sea. The crab samples were obtained between 2010 and 2016 by SCUBA, trawl, trammel net, and dredges at six locations (Kastamonu, Sinop, Samsun, Ordu, Giresun, and Trabzon). Total carapace length (CL) and weight (W) of each individual were recorded with an accuracy of 0.01 cm and 0.01 g, respectively. During the sampling period, a total of 5932 crab individuals belonging to five species were ...
Zeqin Fu, Yunfang Tian, Yingying Ye*, Pengzhi Qi and Changwen Wu
... and twenty-three polymorphic loci were identified. The number of alleles per loci ranged from six to twenty-one with an average of 12.913 and the allele size varied between 161 and 470 bp. The observed and expected heterozygosity varied from 0.143 to 1.000 and from 0.351 to 0.926, with average values of 0.614 and 0.771, respectively. Eighteen loci accorded with the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium (HWE)(P > 0.05). The polymor<...
Thomas W. Clark
...iably distinguishing the physical person from the rest of the world, all in service to effective action. For reasons under investigation by neuroscientists and philosophers, doing that job somehow produces the subjective sense of me being me, of you being you.
...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,*
...ss, decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activities in the serum along with decrease in level of antioxidant enzymes and significantly increase in the MDA contents in TD afflicted chickens compared to control group. The SM administration to TD affected birds significantly ameliorated lameness, stimulated ALP level with a decrease i...
Muhammad Ismaeel1,2*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Aziz Ur Rahman1 and Mian Ahmad Raza1
...ively. Maximum values of phenotypic and genotypic coefficient of variations (PCV and GCV) were displayed by the genotypes for grain yield. The rice genotypes manifested high heritability in broad sense for the traits in study except grains panicle-1. F1 hybrid DR-92/DR-83 exhibited maximum better parent heterosis for spikelets panicle-1 (32.3%) and grains panicle-1 (45.1%) while F1 hybrid combinations Bas-2008/Kashmir-Bas and Bas-6129/Dokri-Bas for 1000-grain ...
Jia-kui Li1,2,*, Kun Li2, Zhao-qing Han2, Hui Zhang2, Xiao-qiang Wang2, Hou-qiang Luo2, Yan-fang Lan2 and Gang Qiu1,2
Farrukh Jamil*, Samra Raheel and Haroon Rasheed
...proteins and it may be a phosphate sensor.
...
Gulnaz Malik1, Abdul Qadir1 and Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,*
...>The rice weevil, Sitophilus oryzae (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), is an important pest of stored grains including wheat, maize and rice. Although insecticides are used for the management of this pest, successful management could be compromised by prevailing environmental temperature since it has a significant effect on the toxicities of insecticides. The focus of the present study was to evaluate the effect of post-treatment temperature on the toxicity o...
Xiangbin Meng1,Tianxiang Gao2, Chunhou Li3, Na Song1, Lu Liu1, Liqin Liu2 and Xiumei Zhang1,*
...cally important marine cephalopoda. The availability of highly polymorphic markers will be important to promote the conservation of this species. We performed next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly to obtain potential useful microsatellite markers for S. esculenta. Among 80 tested microsatellite markers, 19 showed polymorphism among S. esculenta individuals. T...
Abdur Rahman1,*, Ibrahim Sadi Cetingul2, Ismail Bayram2, Cangir Uyarlar2, Abdil Burhaneddin Akkaya2, Eyup Eren Gultepe2, Hikmet Keles3, Aykut Ulucan4 and Zafar Hayat1
...al properties and gut morphology. Quails fed diets containing 0% (A), 1% (B), 2% (C), 3% (D), 4% (E) and 5% (F) dried ground Oregano leaves. Results revealed that villus height was significantly higher in group D compared to control group, whereas crypt depth was significantly higher in all supplemented groups specifically remarkable in group D. Thickness of the tunica muscularis was higher in group C while other groups like D, E and F showed reduction in thic...
Jun Chen1, Shuai Shang2, Xiaoyang Wu1, Jiakuo Yan1, Huaming Zhong1, Huanxin Zhang2, Weilai Sha1, Wanchao Zhu1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...dentified 18 prokaryotic phyla in these animals, but most of the gut flora belonged to three phyla: Firmicutes (42.81-55.29%), Bacteroidetes (21.26-27.82%), Proteobacteria (3.05%-7.14%), represented by Ruminococcaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Prevotellaceae, Porphyromonadaceae, Succinivibrionacea and Rikenellaceae families. The present work offers an initial ph...
Hazrat Nabi1, Irshad Hussain2, Muhammad Adil3, Amar Nasir3,*, Arbab Sikandar3, Saeed Khan1 and Nasrullah Khan3
...the humoral immunity, lymphoid organs and growth performance of broilers. In this study, a total of 118 day-old broiler chicks were used, of which 108 were randomly divided into 6 groups (A to F) on day 14th. Aflatoxins derived from Aspergillus parasiticus were mixed in the feed measuring 150 ppb and fed to various broiler groups. Mycotoxin binders were also added into the feed and offered to group E and F from 14th-42nd
Chicken Embryo Fibroblasts are Effective Cells to Study the Function of Chicken Neurexophilin 1 Gene
Dongmei Sun, Meiling Chen, Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad, Yun Liu, Xunping Jiang and Guiqiong Liu*
...1 gene.
...
Fatma Abdallah1*, Ola Hassnain2, Elsayed Attar3, Haytham Ali3,5, Mohamed Megahed1 and Venugopal Nair4
...rom different form of lymphomas, representing different governorates in the Egyptian Delta, were screened for MDV infection. Pathological findings in the visceral tumours and presence of viral DNAs with variable mitotic figures were observed in the examined visceral organs. Eight samples were screened positive for the major MDV-encoded oncogene Meq which was subjected for alignment and phylogenetic analysis. The eight studie...
Adel A. Basyouny Shahin,1,* Amira M. Metwally Mohamed2 and Abd El-Reheem A. El Shatter2
...(58.8%) loci were monomorphic with the same allele fixed in all individuals from both karyotype forms and only 7 (41.2%) loci were polymorphic with two different alleles. Levels of genetic variability between the two forms were relatively low and are comparatively either within the range or quite different from those of the same species occurring elsewhere. The means of expected (He) and observed (H...
Danyu Zhang1, Ying Liu1, Qinxin Shi1, Zhiwei Peng1, Yan Hua1 and Zhijun Hou1,2,*
...f bacteria, belong to 30 phylum, the more popular bacteria were Proteobacteria (33.54%), following by Firmicutes (18.58), Acidobacteria (12.82%), Actinobacteria (9.27%), Bacteridetes (5.44%), Crenarchaeota (4.58%), Fusobacteria (2.66%), Verrucomicrobia (2.29%), Gemmatimonadetes (2.18%) and Planctomycetes (1.39%), and they were more than 92.75%. The gut bacteria of the sable have more diversity than Siberian tiger, panda, horse, and human, and it may originate ...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...n, around the five geographically distinct districts and analyzed through hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test for detection of H5 antibodies. Highest sero-prevalence of Avian Influenza (H5) was recorded in district Abbottabad 36.15% (47/130) followed by Dera Ismail Khan 33.08% (43/130), Tank 26.92% (35/130), Peshawar 21.54% (28/130) and Mansehra 16.92% (22/130). Statistical analysis confirmed a significant (P<0.05) difference of sero-prevalence bet...
Souheila Slimani1,*, Sonia Hamouda1, Chahrazed Souadi1, Sara Silini2, Cherif Abdennour2 and Leila Delimi3
.../i>, subjected to a long photoperiod (19L: 05D). The fungicide was orally administered at 5 and 10 mg/Kg body weight/day for 10 consecutive weeks.Testicular volume and weights were measured weekly, whereas semen quality, and histopathological profile were investigated at week 10.The obtained results reveal that under a long photoperiodthe sexual activity of the control lasted only 04 weeks, characterized by significant incre...
Musrrat Fatima, Muhammad Saad Khan, Hamid Rashid, Asim Mehmood, Sumaira Kanwal, Muhammad Asif Rasheed and Farrukh Jamil*
...ole in developing microcephaly and GBS Syndrome. There is a need to develop drugs against ZIKV. Here we uses pharmacoinformatics techniques to identify potential inhibitors against ZIKV protease NS2B-NS3, which has a well-known role in the viral replication. By using three dimensional structure of the NS2B-NS3, an allosteric site has been identified in the protein. Moreover, the identified site is used for structure-based vi...
Zihong Chen1, Ling Xu2, Xiaona Yang2, Yaguan Zhang3* and Yuming Yang4
...d determined based on morphological characters combined with a multigene phylogenetics analysis involving 5.8S–ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, EF–1α, RPB1 and RPB2. In multilocus phylogeny, M. baoshanense was grouped as a sister clade to Metarhizium majus, Metarhizium guizhouense, Metarhizium lepidiotae and Metarhizium...
Changqing Zhao*, Zhuochi Chen and Yubin Li
Jia Chen*, Yuanxi Deng and Hui Xu
...el filtration chromatography, and the MALDI-TOF/TOF-MS search on the Internet. The results indicate that the protein was diamine- N-acetyltransferase.
...
Environmental Determinants of Zooplankton Community in the Damietta Estuary of the Nile River, Egypt
Wael S. El-Tohamy1,*, Russell R. Hopcroft2 and Nagwa E.M. Abdel Aziz3
...o salinity, temperature, phosphate concentration and phytoplankton biomass. The main spatial gradients along the estuary were associated with salinity. The high salinity zone in the estuary downstream was dominated by the calanoid paracalanidae and the harpacticoid Euterpina acutifrons. In the lower salinity transects, the tintinnid Favella serrata dominated the estuary midst...
Xi-wen Chen1,2, Qian Wang1,3, Miao Yin1, Zhong-hui Pu1,2, Ai-wei Guo3, Lian Li 1,3, Wen-tao Luo1,3 and Xiong-qing Wang1,*
...ng 1% agarose gel electrophoresis or color change after the addition of the SYBR Green I dye. The RT-LAMP method was approximately 100-fold more sensitive than RT-PCR for PRRSV detection. The assay was also specific for PRRSV and did not cross react with CSFV, PCV-2, PPV or PRV. In clinical samples (n=5) RT-PCR and RT-LAMP both identified the same 2 PRRSV infected samples. Thus, the novel RT-LAMP assay described here is a rapid, simple, sensitive, specific tes...
Qaisar Jamal1, Muhammad Idrees1, Saif Ullah2, Muhammad Adnan1, Farrah Zaidi1, Qaiser Zaman1,3 and Syed Basit Rasheed1,*
...audakia agrorensis, Eublepharis macularius, Cyrtopodion scabrum, Hemidactylus brookii, Hemidactylus flaviviridis, Ophisops jerdonii, Asymblepharus himalayanus, Eurylepis taeniolatus, Eutropis dissimilis and Varanus bengalensis) and 16 species of snakes (Eryx johnii, Amphiesma stolatum, Boiga trigonata, Lycodon striatus, Oligodon arnensis, O...
Selçuk Kaplan
...estock animals. However, phenotypic values do not generally indicate the real genotypic values of animals. However, using MAS approaches in selection of animals can increase the accuracy of selection. From this point of view, validation of candidate gene markers for marker assisted selection is very important to increase genetic gains in breeding. Leptin is a 16 kDa protein which is highly expressed in adipose tissue. Leptin is one of the most significant cand...
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...future research should emphasize the study of key genes related to synthesis, metabolism, and growth of adipose tissue during development. This will allow to determine the functional relevance of the genes and pathways uncovered.
...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5
... asthma and magnesium sulphate is given intravenously as an important adjunct therapy during the acute severe attack of asthma
Objective: This study was panned to determine the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 asthmatics, which were aged between 18-60 years at Mayo Hospital Emergenc...
Sadaf Noveen1*, Shaista Habib Ullah2, Babar Alam3
... affecting production of phonemes. Description of this relationship is important for etiologic diagnosis and treatment planning among children without any disability or ignored craniofacial deformities. Studies highlighting this relationship are rare to none in Pakistan. Therefore, this study aims to detect the type and extent of relationship between these two factors.
Methods: A descriptive cross sectional study was conducted on a sample of...
Kaleem Ullah1, Zafar Niaz2, Sami Ullah Mumtaz3, Sajid Abaidullah4*
...ubjected to echocardiography and left ventricular diastolic dysfunctions were noted.
Results: In our study, mean age of the patients was 60.7±6.2 years and mean FEV1/FVC ratio was 56.9±14.3%. Similarly mean ejection fraction of the patients turned out to be 60.6±4.6. The mean peak mitral filling velocity of the patients was 69.8±15.9 cm/s. The mean peak mitral filling rate of the patients was 57.2±30.9 cm/s...
Riffat Mehboob1*, Shahida Perveen2, Naseer Ahmed3
... (GM), 7 of lipoma, 5 of phylloides tumor (PL), 4 of fibrosis (F), 2 of intraductal papilloma (IDP) and 3 of accessory breast with Fibrocystic (FC) changes. The relation between the ages and frequency of the different types of lesions was also analyzed to understand the association between predisposing factors and the nature of lesions.
Conclusions: These results demonstrated that the FA is the most frequent benign breast lesions and i...
Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1, Muhammad Rizwan2*, Muhammad Akram1, Jaffar Hussain1 and Fiaz Ahmad1
...high genotypic (GCV) and phenotypic (PCV) coefficients of variability for biological yield (GCV% = 31.70, PCV% = 33.58), harvest index (GCV% = 27.80, PCV% = 30.16) and seed yield (GCV% = 25.28, PCV% = 27.54). While heritability estimates were high for all the traits except days to maturity and clusters per plant. Biological yield, harvest index and seed yield depicted high estimates of heritability (0.89, 0.85 and 0.84, respectively) coupled with greater genet...
Abdul Basit1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,4*, Sohail Ahmed2, Gohar Ali2 and Muhammad Javaid3
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
.... Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on direct sequencing of hypervariable region of hexon gene grouped these sequences into two distinct groups, three FAdV isolates were clustered together belonging to fowl adenoviruses C species and serotype FAdV-4. The similar viruses have been commonly isolated since late 1980s from the poultry flocks. In addition, seven genetically related FAdV isolates were from fowl adenovirus type 11 in D species. To ou...
Muhammad Rehan Aslam1, Muhammad Maqsood1, Zahoor Ahmad2*, Sajjad Akhtar3, Muhammad Rizwan4 and Muhammad Usama Hameed5
...iar applied magnesium sulphate and irrigation scheduling on the quality and yield of maize (Zea mays). Maximum cob weight without sheath (253.38 g), number of grains per cob (472.49), 1000-grains weight (265.99 g), biological yield (13.08 t ha-1), grain yield (5.05 t ha-1), harvest index (38.43%), grain protein contents (8.09%) and grain oil contents (4.76%) were obtained when two foliar sprays of 0.5% MgSO4 (T2) were applied. Similarly, highest cob weight wit...
Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Mumtaz Hussain1, Muhammad Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmed1, Muhammad Zeshan1,2, Muhammad Mohsin Raza1 and Kazim Ali2
...rying level of Nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium under arid climatic conditions of Bahawalpur on clay loam soil. This experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. Data on plant height, branches per plant, capsules per plant, number of seeds per capsule and yield was taken into account at maturity and statistically analyzed. All yield contributing traits showed positive response with increase in fertilizer ra...
Rizwana Qamar1, Maria Ghias1, Fida Hussain1, Sajida Habib1, Muhammad Khuram Razzaq2*, Muhammad Aslam1 and Imran Habib3
...nt dry weight (g), chlorophyll fluorescence, leaf temperature (°C) and relative water contents (%). Results indicated the presence of significant genetic variability among hybrids and inbred lines. Hybrids had more tolerance to drought conditions on both levels of water stress treatments. With the increase in stress, root length and leaf temperature increased, while shoot length, plant fresh and dry weight, chlorophyll f...
Ayesha Iftikhar1,*, Muhammad Asif Aziz1, Muhammad Naeem1, Munir Ahmad1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...variations on its demography and predation rate is necessary to predict the population dynamics of this beetle against cotton mealy bug. Age-stage, two sex life tables of zigzag beetle were constructed at three different temperature regimes: 24 ± 0.5 °C and 27 ± 0.5 °C with 60-70% R.H. and ambient condition (32 ± 4 °C; 16-50% R.H.) with 14:10 h (L:D) photoperiod using cotton mealy bug as a ho...
Muhammad Fiaz1*, Muhammad Afzal1 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2
... Asian citrus psyllid Diaphorina citri, one of the economic insect pests of citrus plants and a putative vector of Huanglongbing worldwide. Treatments were comprised of label-recommended (FD) and its half (HD) dose rates of spirotetramat and I. fumosorosea formulations. Both treatments were applied either alone or in binary combinations. There was a significant reduction in psyllid population for all treatment combinations as compared to control (F8, 107 = 70....
Komal Mushtaq1, Shoaib Waqas2*, Hafiz Muhammad Asim3
...team approach especially physiotherapy and rehabilitation. In this study, effectiveness of spinal manual therapy (maitland grade I and II mobilization) for CLBP management was assessed.
Methods: All subjects in the study were provided maitland grade I and II spinal mobilization for 20 minutes each. A similar treatment frequency was applied and consisted on three sessions per week for 2 continuous weeks. Numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) was a...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...dto determine the demographic parameters of patients of Tuberculosis at public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient Department of chest Medicine in Public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 after informed consent from Tuberculosis patients. After simple random sampling 1120 patients coming from different par...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1, Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
...extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations for 7 days. The preliminary experiment showed that the LC50 and LC95 for the first instar larvae were 1.59 x 103 PIB and 4.91 x 107 PIB, respectively. Whereas, these values for the second instar larvae w...
Yan Li1, Kai Zhan1,*, Junying Li1, Wei Liu1, Ruiyu Ma1, Shengnan Liu1, Haijun Cui1 and Xin Zhang2
...rd toe (along the distal phalanx) at day of hatch; the first and third toes were declawed in the group 3, while the second and fourth ones were trimming in group 4. They were caged with the same batch of non-declawed hens. Compared with intact control, laying rate was significantly increased in groups 3 and 4, while percentage of defective eggs was visibly decreased in group 3. Hatching experiment showed a considerable depression in egg fertility and hatchabil...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2,*, Farhat Jabeen2, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain3, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Asrar2 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan2
... FTU kg-1) of phytase. The fingerlings were fed at the rate of 4% of live fish body weight twice a day and faeces were collected from each tank. Present research work was carried out to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility and carcass composition of Catla catla fingerlings fed MOSM based diets. Phytate in plant by-products decreases the bioavailability of minerals and dep...
Saeed Ullah1, Amanullah Jan1, Murad Ali2*, Wiqar Ahmad3, Hafeez Ur Rehman2, Muhammad Ishaq2 and Bilal Ahmad2
...vestigated the effect of phosphorous (0, 35, 70 and 105 kg P2O5 ha-1) and zinc (0, 10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) levels applied through broadcast and banding on chickpea growth and yield during winter 2013-14 at the New Developmental Farm, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. The experiment was carried out by following randomized complete block design procedure replicated four times. Pods number plant-1 (PN), grain yield (GY) b...
Amna Waseem, Sikander Ali* and Syeda Wajiha Khalid
Imadud Din1*, Fazal Munsif1, Irfan Ahmad Shah3, Hamayoon Khan1, Fahad Ullah Khan1, Ibrarullah2, Shahab Uddin4 and Tauqir Islam1
...t wheat genotypes for morphological traits and yield components. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block (RCB) design having three replications. Components of variation, broad sense heritability, genotypic coefficient of variation (GCV), phenotypic coefficient of variation (PCV), range and genetic advance were estimated for yield and yield associated traits. Results revealed significant variation for all tra...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Veraldo Liesenberg2 and Syed Shehzad Hassan1
...ause for a shift in crop phenology as well as failure of crop calendar. Yellow stem borer (YSB) is an insect pest of rice crop that may reduce rice yield about 20% due to the use of insecticide at inappropriate times and unsuitable locations following the crop calendar. The purpose of this research was to delineate the vulnerable zones for YSB attacks on rice crop using satellite thermal datasets. The area under investigation was 13700 km2 area out of which 86...
Naveed Akhtar1, Humaira Zareen2* and Rubina Sarmad3
...cted. Their socio-demographic characteristics, dietary habits and nutritional status were assessed through a questionnaire. Hemoglobin levels were measured by Sysmex while mid upper arm circumference and (MUAC) and body mass index (BMI) were measured with the help of measuring tape and weighing machine, respectively.
Results: Mean age of the students was 19.5 ± 2.1. All the participants were unmarried, 108 (94.7%) liked traditio...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...gned to determine demographic characteristics and disease patterns related to different organ systems presenting at first tier of primary healthcare system.
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Basic Health Unit’s (BHU) Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) database retrospectively in order to determine the age, gender and organ system wise distribution of various diseases. Secondary data was collected from standard OP...
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
... tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α). Relation of TNF-α with obesity induced IR and T2DM is unclear as results obtained from different studies are very controversial.
Objective: This study was designed to compare TNF-α levels and insulin resistance in obese and non-obese type 2 diabetics.
Methodology: <...
Munir Ahmad1, Aisha Hameed2*, Saba Khaliq3, Hamid Saeed Malik4 and Shahida Mohsin5
...>Abstract | Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) is the most common malignant tumor in children and forms a major fraction of childhood malignancies in the developed countries. Numerous chromosomal aberrations have been observed in ALL including translocations which result in the production of fusion genes (BCR-ABL, TEL-AML1, and MLL-AF4). These chromosomal rearrangements have great prognostic and therapeutic significance. Amongst these, TEL-AML1 fusi...
Muhammad Nusrullah*1, Muhammad Younus2 and Yasir Nasir3
...ent was taken and demographic information was obtained. Blood sample was obtained anaerobically from the radial artery and from a dorsal hand vein using 2 separate 5cc BD heparinized syringes with needle size 22G for each patientand pH, PCO2, and HCO3 were analyzed. All the collected data was entered and analyzed on SPSS version 21.
Results: The mean age of the patients was 52.68±10.51 years. Strong relationship was found betwee...
Shumaila Irum1, Muhammad Zafar Iqbal*2 and Fatima Naumeri3
...; perception of the atmosphere, and students’ social self-perception were 17.17±6.73, 26.89±10.89, and 16.34±6.70, respectively.
Conclusion: Although DREEM scores showed improvement from previously published scores of same medical college, it also highlighted the areas needing further improvement.
...
Muhammad Younus1*, Sabah Usman2 and Samia Jawed3
...all subjects. The demographic information of these subjects such as name, age, sex, height, weight, body mass index, waist circumference, and waist-to-hip ratio were recorded. Spirometry of all the subjects was performed on Spirolab iii. Correlation between FVC, FEV1, FEV1/ FVC ratio and body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to hip ratio was measured by Pearson coefficient. A p value <0.05 was considered as significant.
Result...
Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Habib Rehman2, Ali Hussain3,*, Faiza Jabeen4, Ijaz Ahmad2, Kamran Ashraf5, Muhammad Irshad Arshad6 and Omaima Khan7
... supplementations. Serum phosphorus level was higher (P < 0.05) in the group B compared with the group A. The caecal Clostridium spp. counts were more (P = 0.001) in the group B compared with the other groups, while E. coli population remained unchanged in all groups. We found that supplementation of MOS partially influenced the growth performance of Japanese quails.
...
Madeeha Arshad1, Asmatullah1, Chaman Ara1, Shagufta Andleeb2 and Naveed Ahmad3,*
... recovered on day 18. Morphological observations of fetuses from 4.10, 8.33 and 16.66 µg/g B.W. dose groups showed abnormalities such as skin hemorrhages, microphthalmia, limb deformities, hygromas, kyphosis, curved and short tail and fluid filled abdominal cysts. Significant increase in intrauterine growth retardation and resorptions of fetuses, with increasing dose concentration, w...
Maryam Javed*, Farwa Saghir, Naveera Aziz, Maham Saeed, Asif Nadeem and Wasim Shehzad
...gene for its relation to physical aggression in the four domestic bovine species of Pakistan, which are normally less aggressive. Selected animal species were cattle (Bos indicus), buffalo (Bubalus bubalis), sheep (Ovis aries) and goat (Capra hircus). Selected marker V158M is present in exon-8 of COMT gene. Each specie was subjected to blood sampling (n=20 each). DNA was extracted, purified, quantified and amplified through PCR by u...
Irshad Ali1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Abdul Waheed2, Ferhet Abbas Yousafzai1, Farhat Abbas Bokhari1, Majed Rafeeq1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Adnan Attique1, Shahid Amin3 and Tahir Hameed1
...ttle breed to explore morphological, biometric parameters, its production system, and survival in the existing habitat. The data on morphology and performance of 1020 Bhag Nari (BN) cattle were collected from Bhag Nari cattle Farm, Usta Mohammad Baluchistan during 2015-16 and its surrounding areas. Some distinct characteristics have been found exclusively in Bhag Nari breed. These characters are rare in other local bree...
Nuzhat Huma1, Fozia Ghaffar1, Saima Rafiq2,*, Imran Pasha1, Aysha Sameen1, Imran Hayat2 and Imtiaz Hussain2
...nd buffalo milks. Electrophoresis study of caseins on Urea-PAGE showed darker bands of αS1-CN and β-CN in sheep, buffalo, goat and camel while k-CN band only appeared in buffalo’s milk. The αS2-CN was found to be absent in camel milk whereas merged in buffalo and sheep with αS1-CN. Elec...
Ansar Ahmed Abbasi1,*, Kathrin Blasius2-4, Imtiaz Ahmed6, Hao Hu7, Sylvie Picker-Minh2-4,8, Muhammad Nasim Khan5, Khalid Hameed1, Aneela Gulnaz1, Zahid Latif5, Abdul Rauf5 and Angela M. Kaindl2-4,8
...recessive primary microcephaly (MCPH) is a rare neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by severe reduction in the brain volume that affects especially the neocortex, and intellectual disability. To date 17 genes have been linked with this disease. Biallelic mutations in the abnormal spindle-like, microcephaly associated gene ASPM causes MC
Jahangir khan* and Abbas Ullah Jan
...reveal that socio-demographic characteristics like age, education and income have positive significant effects on households’ willingness to pay. Findings of the study also reveal a significant influence of employment status of the household’s head on WTP, whereas household’s size has a negative significant effect on willingness to pay for pesticides- free fruit. Findings of the study indicate that in addition to demogra...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2, Mehroze Fatima3, Huma Naz4, Qaisra Saddique1
Rafa Almeer1,*, A. Alqarni1,2, S. Alqattan3, S. Abdi4,*, S. Alarifi1, Z.Hassan5 and A. Semlali6
...48 h followed by cell morphology evaluation. Cell viability was examined by MTT assay and gene expression of three tissue inhibitors of metalloproteinase (TIMPs) and two matrix metalloproteinase (MMPs) were measured by real-time PCR. All subgroups exhibited altered morphology with accelerated detachment compared to untreated cells. The MTT assay after 48 h revealed that treatment with H1 and H2, reduced cell viability by 48%...
Kashif Akbar* and Muhammad Ayub
...0-F6 (3.24-3.29%), other physicochemical parameters showed decreasing trend like ash (0.80-0.73%), fat 24.23-23.94%), protein (8.20-7.68%), fiber (6.47-6.38%) while NFE increased slowly (57.86-58.60%). The color of the cookies ranged from F0-F6 (6.88-6.93), taste ranged F0-F6 (6.82-6.04) and texture ranged F0-F6 (6.91-6.15). Maximum overall acceptability was recorded in F2 (7.32) proceeded by F0 (6.99) whereas minimum mean score was recorded in F6 (6.37) proce...
Ahmed Zein Elabdeen Mahmoud1, Muaz Magzob Abdellatif2* and Mohamed Abdelsalam Abdalla3
...itionally, to assess the phylogenomics, the N gene was amplified and sequenced from sheep and goats (n=12). Nucleotide identity among Hail strains was identified to be 96.2-100%, while identity with previously sequenced Saudi Arabian strains and with reference PPRV retrieved from GenBank was found to be 94.1-98% and 81.2-100%, respectively. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that Hail PPRV strains clustered in four separate groups within lineage IV indicating gene...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabayasachi Pal2, Amit Singh2, Ashok Dhananjaybhai Patel3, Bhagubhai Ambaram Patel3, Tushar Manohar Ghule2 and Victor Phani1
...zed based on detailed morphological, morphometric descriptions and beta-esterase phenotyping. The present study elucidated information on M. indica for its easy detection, diagnosis, dimension of damages on citrus, and Bt-cotton under Indian conditions.
...
Tanveer Hussain1,*, Masroor Ellahi Babar1, Marcos De Donato2, Abdul Wajid1, Asif Nadeem3, Zahoor Ahmad3, Waqas Ahmad Khan4, Sunday O. Peters5 and Ikhide G. Imumorin6
Kamran Khan1, Sarzamin Khan2, Nazir Ahmad Khan2,* and Naseer Ahmad2
...rcass yield and quality, physicochemical characteristics, and FA profile of indigenous rabbits and shows that supplementation of flaxseed favorably modulates the FAs composition of rabbit meat, with no negative effect on their growth performance and meat physicochemical quality.
...
Rana Zeeshan Habib1, Muhammad Afzal1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Muhammad Bilal4 and Syed Makhdoom Hussain5
...nvestigate the effect of phytase (PHY) and citric acid (CA) supplementation on minerals digestibility of Labeo rohita fingerlings fed on canola meal based diet. Nine experimental diets were prepared by supplementing CA (%) and PHY (FTU/kg) at the level of 0, 0 (control); 0, 1000; 0, 2000; 1.5, 0; 1.5, 1000; 1.5,...
Wang-Dui Basang1, Tian-Wu An2, Luo-Bu Danjiu3, Yan-Bin Zhu1, Shi-Cheng He3, Xiao-Lin Luo2, Wei-Wei Ni4, Xiao Wang4, Shu-Zhu Cheng4, Jian Wang4 and Guang-Xin E4,*
...igated the diversity and phylogeography of four geographic ecotype populations of the Naqu yak (133 individuals) using an 811-bp mitochondrial DNA D-loop region sequence. In total, 57 polymorphic sites, including 54 single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 3 single-nucleotide copy number variants, and 59 haplotypes were det...
Riaz Aziz Minhas1,*, Muhammad Nasim Khan1, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Basharat Ahmad1, Syda Shaista Bibi1, Mohsin Hanif1 and Afsar Mian2
...andomly Amplified Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) genetic markers. We collected 86 different samples (feces 64, hair 13, blood 5, tissues 4) from 5 geographic langur populations of Pakistan and Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJK) and succeeded in extraction of DNA from 23 samples, which were used for further genetic analysis. RAPD makers (n=8) produced 245 bands (30.62±2.87 Mean±SE / primer) of different molecular weights (126...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...is experiment, the nematophagous fungi Arthrobotrys oligospora, A. superba, A. musiformis, Dactylella oviparasitica, Clonostachys rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium, Trichoderma harzianum, T. viride, Pleurotus ostreatus, and Monacrosporium ellipsosporum demonstrated a prominent attraction intensity. The attraction intensity of all these fungi increased w...
Jingen Xu1, Yang Liu2, Erhui Jin1, Youfang Gu1, Qin Zhang3 and Shenghe Li1,*
...aits in swine may confer physiological differences, so we studied transcriptome profiles in spleens of Yorkshire pigs with different peripheral blood T lymphocyte subsets. The results showed that 2050 differentially expressed transcripts were identified, with 1554 up-regulated and 496 up-regulated in high and low T lymphocyte groups, respectively. Among ...
Zhu-Mei Ren1,*, Xu Su2, Carol D von Dohlen3 and Jun Wen4,1,*
...>A new Rhus gall aphid species Nurudea zhengii Ren, sp. nov. collected from the Mountain Qixing in Shangrao County, Jiangxi Province, China is described and illustrated from alate viviparous female. The new species differs from the other Nurudea species in the length and proportion of antennal segments, the structure of antennal secondary sensilla, and the flower-like shape of the galls that are formed on its primary host. Its primary host...
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...n accurately and support physicians to prescribe the appropriate antibiotics.
...
Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2*
...utritious status of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Standardized methods were used to determine the proximate composition of 72 samples. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40 %, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed inverse relationship with % protein (dry and wet body weight), % ash and % organic contents (wet body weight). Wet body weight (W) showed negative correlation (P < 0.001) with ...
Fiaz Ahmad1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Asghar1 and Muhammad Rizwan3*
...conditions. Different morpho-physiological and yield traits were studied. Both varieties showed gradual reduction in morphological traits at increasing concentration of lead and water stress. Moreover, morphological traits were more severely affected by combined lead and water stress treatment (80 mg Pb2+ 50% FC) as compared to single lead (40 mg Pb2+ 10...
Md. Abu Affan1,*, Abdulmohsin Al-Sofyani1, Adnan Jaman Turki2 and Mohammed S.B. Hariri3
...fish killing. Therefore, physico-chemical and biological parameters, and postmortem, especially the gills and gut content of dead fishes were studied. The dead Tilapia tilapia (Tilapia), Chanos chano (Milkfish) and Parapriacanthus ransonneti (Glassfish) were found with wide mouth opened, skin with huge mucous and a bent back head, flared gills lesion and reddish sanguinary. The water temperature (°C), DO, salinity and pH varied from 24...
Wei Meng1,3, Tianyan Yang2,*, Yunguo Liu1, Mahmut Halik1 and Tianxiang Gao2
...G. dybowskii. The phylogenetic analyses from 12 concatenated H-strand-encoding protein genes were conducted by Neighbor-Joining method to reveal the evolutionary relationships within subfamily Schizothoracinae. Three different grades of schizothoracine fishes were well recognized from each other in branching diagram. The primitive group and the specialized group + the highly specialized group constituted a sister relationship with strong supports.
...
Ai Guo1,2,3, Jiaguang Xiao4, Binbin Shan4, Tianxiang Gao5 and Yongdong Zhou3,*
...he genetic diversity and phylogeny of Coilia, the complete mitochondrial genomes of two lineages in Coilia mystus were compared. They were all typical circular double stranded DNA molecule with 17075 bp in C. mystus N and 16964 bp in C. mystus S, respectively, containing the standard metazoan set of 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, 13 protein-coding genes and non-coding regions. The mitogenomes of C. mystus N and...
Shahen Shah1*, Manzoor Hussain1, Arshad Jalal1, Mohammad Sayyar Khan2, Tariq Shah1, Muhammad Ilyas1 and Muhammad Uzair3
Irfan Ali Sabir1, Saeed Ahmad1*, Muhammad Nafees2, Ahmad Sattar Khan1, Maryam3 and Ishtiaq Ahmad2
...e yield potential, fruit physico-chemical characters and sensorial aspects. Diverse seventeen commercial and noncommercial indigenous and exotic mango varieties were selected to collect and analyze fruit morphological data under randomized complete block design (RCBD). There was significantly high fruit weight and pulp contents in ‘Kensington Pride’. Total soluble solids (TSS) were higher (21.9 B°) in ‘...
Muhammad Amir Maqbool1*, Muhammad Aslam1, Waseem Akbar2, Muhammad Waheed Anwar3 and Ehtisham Shakeel Khokhar1
...g ClustalX software, and phylogenetic trees were constructed by using MEGA5 software. Medicago truncatula found to have total 35 MIPs which further comprised of 10 MtPIPs, 6 MtTIPs, 17 MtNIPs and 2 MtSIPs. Cicer arietinum genome comprised of 41 MIPs which were consisted of 10 CaPIPs, 12 CaTIPs, 15 CaNIPs and 4 CaSIPs protein sequences. Genome of Zea mays was carrying 36 ZmMIPs which were categorized into 12 ZmPIPs, 13 ZmTIPs, 8 ZmNIPs and 3 ZmSIPs. Phylogeneti...
Muhammad Haroon Hullio1,4, Abdul Ghani Lanjar2, Abdul Rahman Dhuyo3, Imran Khattri4 and Agha Mushtaque Ahmed4*
Amino Acid and Fatty Acid Composition of Freshwater Mussels, Anodonta pseudodopsis and Unio tigridis
Hülya Şereflişan and Beyza Ersoy Altun*
...l amino acids, and tryptophane was the minor one. The ratio of essential/non essential (E/NE) amino acids was determined as 0.37 for A. pseudodopsis and 0.34 for U. tigridis. Hence, these mussels are reliable sources of nutrition to cover amino acid requirements of human.
...
Zisha Liu1, Na Song1, Takashi Yanagimoto2, Zhiqiang Han3, Bonian Shui3 and Tianxiang Gao3,*
...nd the other was the monophyletic Gobiinae. Phylogenetic analysis also demonstrated clade Amblyopinae included all three species and that O. lacepedii has been proved to be a much closer affinity to Odontamblyopus sp. than O. rebecca. Our study theoretically provided a supplementary proof and significant information for future taxon studies.
...
Habib-ur-Rehman1*, Saima Mirza1*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Qurban Ali3, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir4, Muhammad Yasir5
...mmunis (L.), Jatropha curcas (L.) and Citrus paradise (MACF.) against Tribolium castaneum (Herbst). Plant materials (50 g powders of each of the plant was extracted on rotary shaker using four solvents viz.; methanol, chloroform, petroleum ether and n-hexane separately. Periodic analysis for the repellent effects was carried by impregnating each filter paper (half-disc of filter papers) with micropipette at three concentrations ...
Farah Rauf Shakoori1,*, Tanzeela Riaz2, Uzma Ramzan1, Anum Feroz1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,3,*
...up> instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethrin-susceptible population was 34.29 and 28.05ppm, respectively, while 39.30 and 32.67ppm were for the 4th and 6th instar larvae of Phosphine and deltamethrin-tolerant population, respectively. The sub lethal dose of esfenvalerate (LC20) significantly decreased the contents of glycogen, glucose, trehalose and free amino acid while total protein and ...
Hafiz Manzoor Ahmad1,*, Hamad Bin Rashid1, Muhammad Arif Khan1, Asim Khalid Mahmood1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Shahid Hussain Farooqi1, Muhammad Rafi Ullah2 and Usman Ghani1
...re monitored for various physiological parameters before and after anesthesia. The birds of K+X group were given ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg) and xylazine (5 mg/kg), while K+X+D group were given ketamine hydrochloride (15 mg/kg), xylazine (2.5 mg/kg) and diazepam (2.5mg/kg) cocktail, respectively. The birds were monitored for 130 min post administration for various physiological parameters like; body temperature, heart ...
Muhammad Zahid1, Naeem Iqbal1, Sohaib Muhammad2*, Summiya Faisal3, Wajid Mahboob3, Makhdoom Hussain4 and Zaheer ud din Khan2
...ously applied at various phenological stages on wheat variety “AARI-11” and desiccation tolerance potentials were assessed through growth, yield and physiological attributes. Glucose was supplied in various concentrations (0, 5, 10, 25 and 50 mM) as seed priming and foliar spray treatments at vegetative and reproductive stages. Plant growth and grain yields were reduced under drought. Two glucose treatments (10 m...
Nevran Eylem Akman Gündüz1,* and Özgür Özcan2
...b>3) on the hemolymph contents of Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) was examined. G. mellonella larvae were fed with a synthetic diet. The effects of GA3 on the hemolymph content of these larvae were tested through a diet incorporation assay. Different concentrations (2, 5, 10, 50, 100, 200, 500 and 1000 mg/L) of GA3 were added to the synthetic diet and protein, lipid, car...
Kiran Aqil1, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan2, Asim Aslam2, Aqeel Javeed5, Rizwan Qayyum1, Farooq Yousaf,1 Farkhanda Yasmeen1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail3 and Sajid Umar4,*
...thiahiazo (-z-y1)-3,5-di-phenytetrazoliumromide colorimetric (MTT) assay. Plaque reduction assay was used to test the mode of action. Out of six dilutions, three dilutions (50, 25, 12.5 µg/ml) showed significant antiviral activity and cell survival was more than 50%. Two dilutions of N. sativa (200 µg/ml and 100 µg/ml) extracts showed cytotoxicity to Vero cell lines. In the plaque reduction assay, alcoholic extracts of N. sativa...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Rashid Mushtaq1, Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2, Sumaira Maqsood3, Ishita Ahuja4 and Atle M. Bones4
...e sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis were performed to compare SlNPV- FSD15 based on Lef-8 with other Lef-8genes sequences clearly showed that our SlNPV-FSD15 isolate belongs to Spodoptera litura associated NPVs. The biological activities of this NPV isolates were investigated under laboratory condition. The highest mortality of S. litura was observed at early instars. Against second instars of S. litura, LC<...
Dan Yü, Chuchu Li, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...otiorum is a serious phytopathogen resulting in significant loss of crop yield. Trichderma hamatum has the capacity to inhibit S. sclerotiorum growth by production of toxic metabolites and mycoparasitism. In vitro bioassays were used to evaluate the efficacy of T. hamatum and difenoconazole alone or its combinations against S. sclerotiorum. The results showed that T. hamatum could infect and destroy the mycelia and...
Arifa Mehreen1, Iram Liaqat2,Muhammad Arshad3, Muzzamil Waheed4 and Najma Arshad1,*
...ed to characterize Staphylococcus aureus, the most common pathogen,using conventional microbiological and molecular methods. The agar disc diffusion method was used to evaluate the antibiotic susceptibility. Virulence-associated genes were detected using PCR while association analysis was used to test the likelihood of strains carrying combinations of genes involved in toxin production and/or host immune evasion. Highest resistance was observed against ...
Ali Karabayir1,*, Nazan Arifoğlu2 and Mustafa Öğütcü3
..., N-Chloro-Paratoluenesulphonamide trihydrate) addition into drinking water on the growth performance of three different chicken strains, Plymouth Rock, Australorp and Village (local mix-breed village chickens) was evaluated in the present study. Supplementation of disinfectant clearly improved the microbiological quality of chicken drinking water, by reducing the total bacteria, coliform and E.coli counts. On the other hand, disinfectant addition decre...
Ali Sher1*, Khalid Naveed1, Gulzar Ahmad2, Ayub Khan1, Muhammad Saeed1 and Shah Masaud1
...x, plant height, days to physiological maturity and biological yield were significantly increased by both N and Zn while the same parameters except days to anthesis, days to physiological maturity were also significantly enhanced by using Fe. Result revealed that higher leaf area tiller-1 (113 cm2), leaf area index (2.3), plant height (100 cm), biological yield (11431 kg ha-1) by 150 kg N ha-1 , 3 kg Zn ha-1 and 1 kg Fe ha-1...
Muhammad Ishfaq1*, Nadeem Akbar1, Imran Khan1, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Usman Zulfiqar1, Muhammad Ahmad1, Mumtaz Ahmad2 and Muhammad Umer Chattha1
...lant height (71.6 cm) at physiological maturity, and opaque kernel (13.7%) were maximum while weed density and weed biomass was minimum in S2 (11.25 cm row spacing) treatment. Statistically, maximum productive tillers (296.8 m-2), numbers of grains per panicle (93.7), 1000-grain weight (19.4 g), paddy yield (3.5 t ha-1) and harvest index (34.3%) were recorded in S3 treatment. Percentage of sterile spikelet (9.5%), abortive kernel (9.7%) were highest in broadca...
Naeem Ahmad1,* and Zulqurnain2*
...milar feeding regime and physical conditions were maintained for both treatments. It was found that there was no significant difference in final total length (TL) and standard length (SL) of the fish in both treatments (P>0.05). However, average monthly weight gain, final total wet weight (WW) and weight gain with increase in TL were higher in GIFT-Th as compared to GIFT-Tw (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in FCR, SGR and K values measured f...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni4
...crobial resistance in Staphylococcus aureus posed a major veterinary and public challenge worldwide. S. aureus being a highly versatile pathogen can quickly acquire resistance genes. The development of resistance in bacteria predates the era of antibiotic use. However, resistance developments in S. aureus have been reported since the early 1940-ties, when penicillin resistant S. aureus was first reported. Ever since, this pathogen has gain global notoriety as ...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3
...ssess the role of Mobile phone cellular technology for dissemination of information regarding Macrosiphum miscanthi, attack on wheat crop by mobile phone. A sample size of 60 farmers was selected by systematic sampling technique using the available list of the farmers provided by Agricultural Extension Department. The respondents were than randomly assigned into two groups, one group was c...
Rida Zainab1, Sana Elahi1, Afshan Kaleem2,*, Daniel C. Hoessli3, Mehwish Iqtedar2, Roheena Abdullah2, Faiza Saleem2, Shanza Khan1, Anusha Ijaz1, Shagufta Naz2 and Abdul R. Shakoori4,5,*
... future.
...
Ashraf Khan1*, Suliman Shah2, Maid Zaman3 and Komal Habib2
...>Asian citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama, is considered to be the most noxious pest of almost all species and varieties of citrus and its infestation found throughout the world. It is becoming serious threat to the brightening future of citrus growing areas of Pakistan. Thirteen different insecticides were usedfor effective control against citrus psylla under field conditions. Population density of pest was recorded as number of adults per branch. Effic...
Muhammad Faheem Jan1*, Asad Ali Khan1, Waqas Liaqat1, Haseeb Ahmad1, Muhammad Dawood Ahmadzai1 and Wazir Rehan2
...ganic source includes sulphate of potash (SOP). Potassium (K) was applied to field in such an arrangement that 100, 80, 60, 40, 20 and 0% K was obtained from the organic source and the remaining was balanced form inorganic source for supplying a total K of 80 kg ha-1. Randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement was used. Hybrids were allotted to main plots and K ratios to subplot. Analysis of the data showed that crop ...
Madiha Naz1, Qudrat Ullah Khan1*, M. Jamil Khan1, Obaid Ullah Sayal2, Asim Afridi3 and Aziz Ullah Sayal3
...of macro-nutrients and naphthalien acetic acid (NAA) and compared with inorganic soil applied fertilizers. The results of the study showed significantly higher number of branches, chlorophyll content in the treatment recieving inorganic fertilizers, the manures in combination with foliar NPK was comparable. The yield attributes showed that ten fruit weight were greater in the soil applied inorganic fertilizer and it was stat...
Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*
...to flowering, leaf chlorophyll content, capitulum diameter and grains including their weight, which resulted in higher grains yield. Likewise, the increased in P rates have shown better results for all the observed traits with P 90 kg ha-1. Sulphur application of 30 kg ha-1 also showed better performance on sunflower yield traits. At some observations S 20 and 30 kg ha-1 were found non-significant. Situation like field remai...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem*
...n: justify;">External morphometric studies along with Length-weight relationships (LWRs) were carried out for five groups of juvenile Labeo rohita fed with various protein: Energy ratios; fish meal (T0), 25%CP (Crude proteins) (T1), 30%CP (T2), 35%CP (T3) and 40%CP (T4). Experiment was designed to replace enriched fish meal diets with cheaper plant origin crude protein diets in fish culture. A total of 15 aquaria having 20 samples each were arranged in triplic...
Safina Naz1, Khushbo Hussain1, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar2* and Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi3
... foliar application of Naphthalene Acetic Acid, Salicylic acid (SA), combination of Naphthalene Acetic Acid & salicylic acid and orange oil extract on physical and chemical parameters gave significant response. NAA promotes vine length upto 12.66 feet while chlorophyll content was 72.50 SPAD Value, while fresh weight of leaves is 5.1g, dry weight is ...
S. Jalbani1, P. Khan2 and N.T.Narejo2,*and Y.M. Jalbnai3
Shafaq Fatima*, Sumrin Sahar and Khalid Lone
...rogesterone (P) and 17α-hydroxyprogesterone (17α-HP) during annual reproductive cycle under semi-arid climate conditions. GSI increased during March concomitant with gradual increase in levels of T, P and 17α-HP. Highest values of these parameters were observed at different stages of gonadal development. T and 11-KT played key role in progress of testicular development an...
Imran Taj1,*, Ferhat Abbas1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Kamran Taj1, Deedar Ahmad2, Zahoor Ahmed2, Ghulam Mohammad2, Ajaz-ul-Haq1, Farooq Shahzad1 and Sabiha Azam3
... by PCR, toxin gens of alpha and epsilon types were detected. C. perfringens type D was sensitive to tetracycline, ciprofloxacin, vancomycin, kanamycin, streptomycin, gentamicin, sulfamethoxazole and erythromycin, while showed resistance against carbenicillin, amoxicillin, penicillin g, colistin sulphate, bacitracin and metronidazole. In lab animal trial C. perfringens type D affected the fore stomach, intestin...
In-vitro Anticancer Activity of Copper (II) and Zinc (II) Complexes with Derived Schiff Base Ligands
Qaisar Jamal1,Salman Ahmad1, Nazma Habib Khan1, Sobia Wahid1, Muhammad Ikram2, Sadia Rehman2, Syed Basit Rasheed1 and Akram Shah1,*
...thyl) methylidene]amino} phenyl)imino] methyl}phenol) Copper(II) and NM-4 (Tetrakis (2-{(E)-[(2- {[(Z)-(2-hydroxynapthyl) methylidene] amino}phenyl)imino]methyl} phenol) zinc(II)), against human THP-1 leukemia cell line in-relation to miltefosine (standard chemotherapy). Mean % inhibition for NM-3 against THP-1 was higher than NM-4, although both were le...
Iqbal Ahmad Alvi, Muhammad Asif, Rabia Tabassum, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*
...v>The storage of bacteriophages is tricky as no ideal common practice is available and the storage conditions may differ from phage to phage. There is disparity among the scientific community regarding bacteriophage storage conditions and various conditions (4 oC, -20 oC, -80 oC and liquid nitrogen freezing at -196°C)...
Impacts of Climate Change on Livestock and Livestock Produces: A Case Study of Banke District, Nepal
Anish Shrestha* and Samata Baral
...ulnerability are catastrophic mainly to marginal and remote areas. No sector, person or region is free from impacts of climate change and neither is livestock sector. This study was carried in Banke district to find out impacts of climate change on livestock and its productivities. Result showed that farmers perceived the climate change as change in rainfall pattern, rainfall duration, onset of the monsoon, and changes from summer and winter etc. Some farmers ...
Amtur Rafeh, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Ayesha Iqbal, Abdul Majid Khan*
...frica to Eurasia. The morphological characteristics indicate this genus as a conservative bovid with simple morphology.
...
Wajid Ali1,*, Asma Karim1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3*, Ghulam Mustafa4, Zeeshan Shafique1, Ijaz Anwar1
...,fresh water fish Hypophthalmicthyes molitrix were exposed to sub lethal concentrations of deltamethrine. Fish were divided into 4 groups and each group contains six fish. Experimental groups viz. A, B and C were exposed to 25, 50 and 75% of LC50, respectively for four days. Blood samples for biochemical analysis (blood glucose, cholesterol and total protein) and gills for histology were taken after 96 hrs. After acute exposure to pest...
Faxiang Wang, Yan Chen, Sai Chen, Xianghong Li, Jian Yu, Jianhui Wang and Yongle Liu*
...ein’s surface hydrophobicity and total SH content increased during the first 4 days and then decreased gradually up to 10 days. The Ca2+-ATPase activity of protein decreased gradually during the storage period. The high MW proteins easily degraded during the cold storage, and the proteins with low MW were relatively stable but still gradually degraded. So the key time point for cold storage of grass carp is approximately 4-6 days.
...
Qaisar Mehmood1*, Muhammad Riaz2, Maqbol Hussain Sail1 and Muhammad Moeen1
... nitrogen fertilizer and phosphorous fertilizer have significant effect on the wheat yield. Irrigation mode and weedisides spray also has much impact on the wheat yield. ...
Sana Rana1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1
...ied by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique and kinetic characterization was also performed against different pH and temperature. CAT activity was measured spectrophotometrically at A240 nm. Results showed that highest CAT activity was noted from the crude extract of control fish gills (140.66±0.71UmL-1) as compared to DM+END exposed fish (99.23±0.71UmL-1). After desalted the CAT activity in gills of...
Safina Naz1, Muhammad Akbar Anjum1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi2*, Bushra Siddique3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar4
...ntents were recorded for phosphorous (P) in Spinacia oleracea (85.5mg/100g), sodium (Na) and iron (Fe) in Lycopericon esculentum (65.33mg/100g and11.67mg/100g, respectively), and potassium (K) and calcium (Ca) in Abelmoschus esculentus (277.33mg/100g and 81.17mg/100g, respectively). The present conclusions would be valuable for food experts to plan stable diet and estimate the energetic values of vegetables....
Abdur Rehman1* and Shad Khan Khalil2
...ges on canola growth and phenology during 2015-16 and 2016-17. The experiment comprised of four moisture levels (optimum water, 10%, 20% and 30% reduced irrigation water), three chemicals (salicylic acid 0.5mM, potassium nitrate KNO3 1% and methanol 20% v/v basis) applied at three different stages (bud formation, 20% flowering and 20% pod formation). The experiment was laid out in RCB design with split plot arrangement having three replications. Moisture level...
Shamsher Ali1, Zakir Ullah Jan1*, Zahir Shah2, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Farmanullah Khan2, Inayat ur Rahman3 and Shah Fahad3
...ion of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P2O5) and farmyard manure (FYM) which was collected from cattle barnyard. A total of six fertilizer treatments were used viz T1 = control (no application of inputs), T2 = 130 kg N ha-1, T3 = 130 kg N ha-1 + 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 T4 = FYM @ 20000 kg ha-1, T5 = 130 kg N ha-1 + 90 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM @ 20000 kg ha-1 and T6 = 65 kg N ha-1 + 45 kg P2O5 ha-1 + FYM @ 20000 kg ha-1. The results indicated that both maize varieties (hybrid and ...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Bushra Hassan2, Nadeem Anwar2, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel3 and Shafique-ur-Rehman4
...During the study, demographic factors such as age, Education, family structure, and professions of the respondents were assessed. Complete regression model was applied with independent factors of educational opportunities, agri-business opportunities and training opportunities. The results were significant at 5% level of significance as F (3, 119) = 140.74; p< 0.05 and explained 78.4% of the variation in dependent factor of job opportunities for the respond...
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
...om FM.
...
Haozhen Liu1, Xiangfu Li2, Yinong Wang1,*, Xun Liu3,4, Li Wang1, Dong Liu1, Chen Chen1, Jinjing Li1, Haifeng Jiao5 and Zhongjie You1,5
...lfide, sedimentary total phosphorus, dissolved oxygen and water colour are the certain environmental factors that have proved shaping the distribution of macrobenthic abundance, diversity and multivariate structure of the assemblages.
...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...umour necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as colonic mucosal tissue TLR4/9 and NF-kB. We got the following results: (1) The rat IBS-D model was successfully prepared; (2) Wumei Pill could reduce the contents of serum TNF-α, IL-6 and LPS in rats(P<0.05), and alleviate the inflammatory reaction and accumulation of bacterial endotoxins; (3) Wumei Pill could reduce the...
Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba
...se to evaluate effect of phosphorus (P) applied either through soil or foliar or proportional combination thereof. Treatments consists of whole P applied as soil (PS =100%), foliar (Pf=100%) or different combination (PS75:Pf25, PS50:PF50, PS25:Pf75) to wheat grown in 5 kg soil in plastic container. Data on plant growth parameters (plant height, biomass and grain yield) was collected at the end of the experiment taking as an ...
Qiang Li1,2, Guo Qiao2, Li Wang1, Jipeng Zhang1, Ruijun Li1, Ping Ni1, Yi Guo1 and Shigen Ye1,*
...>Vibrio (72%), Staphylococcus (9%), Pseudomonas (4%), Bacillus (4%), Vagococcus (3%), Shewanella (3%), Planococcus migula (4%), Exiguobacterium (1%), Enterobacter (1%) and Kocuria roseus (1%). Vibrio spp. and Vibrio harveyi were the predominant genus and species, respectively. In addition, challenge tests demonstrated that 13 out of 70 isolates were strongly pathogenic and identif...
Ali Murad Rahoo1, Tariq Mukhtar2,*, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
... Heterorhabditis bacteriophora) in G. mellonella larvae of different sizes. The size of G. mellonella had significant effect on the emergence of IJ. Significantly greater numbers of IJ both of H. bacteriophora and S. feltiae emerged from large sized G. mellonella than medium and small sized and the emergence was found to be positively correlated with the size of the host. It was also ob...
Şehriban Çek Yalnız 1,* and Erdal Yilmaz2
...ture oocytes was hypertrophied and persisted to form the interstitial cells, whereas the granulosa cells were regressed and disappeared. Erythrocytes and leukocytes were also detected at the advance stage of atresia. Apoptosis in the granulosa cells were clearly detected. The chromatin condensation against the nuclear envelope, cell shrinkage, surface blebbing and generation of apoptotic bodies by cell fragmentation were evidence of apoptosis. In pre and posto...
Soumble Zulfiqar1, Khuram Shehzad1, Sana Tahir1, Khalid A. Al-Ghanim2 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,2,3,*
...ckel affinity chromatography. Enzyme assays of CueO protein with phenolic substrates revealed its laccase activity. The kinetic studies showed Km value of 0.2µM, kKcat 0.68 S-1 and Kcat/km 1.2S-1 µM-1 for 2,6-Dimethoxyphenol (DMP) and Km value of 0.25mM, Kcat 300 S-1 and Kcat/Km=1200S-1mM-1 for Syringaldazine (SG...
Saima Shahzad Mirza1,*, Hafiz Muhammad Qamer2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3,*, Rana Shoaib Akram4
...eracy level, employment, physical and financial health. This study was conducted at Kishwar Fazal Teaching Hospital Lahore in an OPD pediatrics. For this purpose, cross sectional survey data of 34 conservative mothers was analyzed, obtained by means of questionnaire. Initiation of weaning process at proper time is found to be somewhat finance limited factor. Total 17 and 1 out of 34 cases were sufficiently and well literate, respectively and aware about weanin...
Nimra Naseer, Adeela Fatima and Imran Sajid*
...sistant strains of Staphylococcus aureus, Acinetobacter spp., extended spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) producing strains of Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Pseudomonas spp. and Proteus spp. In this study, a collection of nineteen actinomycetes strains isolated from Cholistan Desert, Pakistan, were screened biologically and biochemically for their potential bioactive secondary metabolites against MDR bacter...
Merica Slišković1, Meta Povž2, Marina Piria3,*, Goran Jakšić4, Ana Gracanin5 andGorana Jelić Mrčelić1
...ovide new data on the morphology and ecology of sichel from the Mur River, and its distribution in Croatia and Slovenia. In 2009, the schooling of sichel were observed at a high-water level in the Mur River of Slovenia. In total, 14 specimens were sampled by fishermen using sport fishing techniques. The age, condition, length-weight relationship (LWR), 20 morphometric and four meristic traits, were analysed. Fulton condition...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4, Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...a regarding socio-demographic status, risk factors and farming practices were gathered through a pre-form questionnaire. Results revealed that prevalence of bovine tuberculosis was 5.88%. Statistical analysis revealed significant association of age (OR= 3.267; CI = 1.686-6.331) and herd size (OR = 2.600; CI = 1.421-4.760) with CCIT positivity. Similarly, induction of new animals into the herd (OR= 2.661; CI = 1.758-4.028) and sheltering the animals at night (O...
Zulqarnain and Zafar Iqbal*
...aria solani and Pythium aphanidermatum showed growth inhibition (%) against the pathogen. Penicillium sp. showed maximum growth inhibition (63.85 ± 3.26 %) and its extract showed 9.20 ± 0.14 mm zone of inhibition at 1000 mg·L-1 against the Fusarium wilt. Based on its higher in vitro antifungal activity, in vivo screen house experiments were conducted. Plants given the treatment as Penicillium + Fusarium showed slight yellowing of the leave...
Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1*
...r achtaindica), Ber (Ziziphus mauritiana) and water (H2O) and planted in pots on the next morning. The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design at the University of Agriculture Peshawar during winter 2013-14. Periodic growth sampling was taken by harvesting three pots of treatments starting in early spring and thereafter during tHEgrowth to the maximum five samplings to study roots and shoot growth. Averaged across varieties and extracts, res...
Muhammad Sohaib*, Rabia Gohar and Muhammad Akmal
Moorthy S. Muthuswamy
...ers play in causing this phenomenon is not well understood. To address this issue, I outline a novel theoretical framework for conceptualizing Salafi radicalism in terms of an underlying theme and its enablers. This proposal further divides radicalization processes into primary and secondary ones; the former are identified with the onset of radicalization in a community, and the latter develop in communities with longstanding exposure to the
Muhammad Luqman1, Raheel Saqib2*, Mujahid Karim1, Khalid Nawab2, Abdur Rehman3 and Muhammad Yaseen1
...espondents through their physical, financial and human assets/capitals (independent variables) ...
Arshad Iqbal1*, Syed Mehar Ali Shah1, Hidayat ur Rahman1, Faiza Aman2 and Aziz-ur-Rahman1
...s of rice for various morphological traits. Thirty-eight lines derived from F5 rice cross combinations along with their 8 parents were planted in a randomized complete block design (RCB) having three replications at The University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2016 rice crop growing season. Data were taken on some of the morphological traits like number of days to heading (days), number of days to maturity (days), flag lea...
Song Jiang1,2, Fa-lin Zhou1, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...e (GSH) and adenosine triphosphate (ATP) concentration, as well as nitric oxide synthase (NOS) activity and nitric oxide (NO) concentration catalyzed by NOS. Based on biochemical analysis of the above, results showed that O2- production could be induced significantly after cold stress at 15°C and heat stress above 30°C. SOD activity showed a similar changing profile as the concentration of O
Yuan Li1, Liyan Zhang2, Karhoe Loh3, Ji Feng1, Xinqing Zheng1, Puqing Song1 and Longshan Lin1,*
...owing an imperfect geographical pedigree structure. Results of AMOVA also showed that the genetic differentiation was mainly among populations. According to the distribution of the haplotypes, an ancestral haplotype existed in both the Chinese population and the Malaysian population, further confirming that the Chinese and Malaysian P. minor populations originated from the same refuge in the South China Sea. A historical demogra...
Neelima Gupta
...s of somatic papillae, cephalic end was conical with 12 labial papillae arranged in two circles of 6 papillae each. Scanning electron microscopy on attachment structures revealed that the inner papillae had narrow bases and spine-like apices, the outer ones had wide bases and nipple like apices encircled by a conspicuous ring and embedded in the body wall. The body of the worm was striated and grooved assisting flexibility to the worm during movement. Attempts...
Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1
...ain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The sera were obtained from samples were analyzed for IgG and IgM antibodies of human parvovirus B19 using SERION ELISA Classic Parvovirus B19 IgG/IgM kits. A total of 171 (52.5%) of women had IgG antibody to Parvovirus B19 while 31 (9.5%) were positive for IgM antibody. Demographics including age group, educational status, occupation, type of marriage, number of children, histo...
Ali Muhammad*, Yasser Durrani, Majid Suhail Hashmi, Ihsan Mabood Qazi, Muhammad Ayub and Saifullah
...he samples were analyzed physico chemically (pH, %acidity, %moisture, crude protein) and organoleptically (color, taste, texture and overall acceptability) with an interval of one week for storage period of one month. The treatments were T0 (not treated), T1 (neutralized with NaOH) and T2 (neutralized with NaHCO3). Statistical analysis showed that storage intervals and treatments had a significant (p<0.05) effect on physi...
Asif Nawaz* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan
... and influence of demographic characteristics on the climate change competencies of Field Assistants of the Agriculture Extension Department, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A sample of 234 out of total 543 Field Assistants were selected with the help of Sekaran Sampling Technique and the respondents were distributed in four Agro-ecological zones of the province with the help of proportional allocation sampling method. Data from the respondents were collected through pret...
Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq2
...Cells count (WBC), Heterophils (%), Eosinophils (%), Basophils(%), Monocytes(%), and Lymphocytes(%) values of negative chickens were 9.43±0.49 g/dl,, 25.81±1.34%, 1.84±0.13 x106/µL, 151.7±11.0 fl, 3.85±0.22 pg, 39.34±2.07%, 3.98±0.13 x103/µL, 45.71±1.26%, 2.08±0.29%, 1.54±0...
Waqas Ali* and Mudasser Habib
Sabahat Noor*1, Shaukat Ali1, Hafeez-ur-Rahman1, Farhatullah2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali1
... proline contents, chlorophyll contents and relative water contents were recorded and compared in transformed and non-transformed plants. It was observed that under drought and salt stresses, proline contents, sugar contents, chlorophyll contents and relative water contents (RWC) were significantly higher in transgenic plants as compared to non-transgenic plants. From obtained results it is concluded that, increase level of ...
Mehwish Aftab, Tariq Mahmud*, Muhammad Asim Raza Basra, Aqsa Gulzar, Sumaira Basharat and H.M. Junaid
...idant activity against diphenylpicrylhydrazyl (DPPH). The results showed that metal complexes are good antioxidant agents as compared to Trolox (standard) and ligand was less active as compared to Trolox. The Schiff base ligand and its metal (III) complexes showed antibacterial activity against E. coli, S. aureus by disc diffusion method and antifungal activity against Macro
Naila Chand1, Shamsullah1, Rafiullah1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3, Shabana Naz4,*, Ebrahim Rowghani5 and Murad Ali Khan2
...erformance, weight of lymphoid organs and intestinal histomorphology of broilers during starter phase. A total of 180 day-old broiler chicks were distributed into 3 treatments, designated as MOS-0, MOS-50 and MOS-100 having MOS at the rate of 0, 50 and 100 g/kg respectively. Each treatment was further replicated 3 times having 10 chicks per replicate. Treatment MOS-0 was kept as control an...
Shagufta Naz*, Saima Sharif, Hafsa Badar, Syeda Fareeha Tauheed
...iv>Macular corneal dystrophy (MCD), an autosomal recessive hereditary disease, slowly progresses punctate opacities in the cornea which result in bilateral loss of vision and leads to corneal transplantation. A cross-sectional, analytical study was carried out from August, 2015 to May, 2016 on and MCD patients were diagnosed by visiting different hospitals like, General Hospital, Al-Ehsan welfare Hospital, Mughal eye and Mayo Hospital with the help of o
Tahira Jamil*1, Mohammad Asghar1, Fatma Husain1, Haq Nawaz Bhatti2
....1±1.4 mg/g. Four physical parameters including temperature, pH, inoculums size and fermentation time (each at five levels) were optimized using central composite design (CCD) design in 30 triplicate experimental runs. The maximum statin formation (19 mg/g) was achieved at 25oC, pH 5.5, inoculums size 3.5 mL and fermentation time 144 h on wheat straw as a growth substrate. The growth medium has an important effect on lovastatin production. Ef...
İnan Kaya1,*, Muhitdin Yılmaz2, Müge Mavioğlu Kaya3,Abdulsamed Kükürt4 and Mahmut Karapehlivan5
...carbaryl and 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4-D). Fifty Capoeta capoeta fish caught in Kars Creek were equally divided into five groups and acclimatized in separate tanks for 10 days. The fish were kept in tanks as follows: Group I (control) was kept in normal water. Group II, III, IV and V were kept in separate tanks containing 0.3 mg/L carbaryl, 0.6 mg/L carbaryl, 10 mg/L 2,4-D and 20 mg/L 2,4-D, respectively. The blood and liver samples were taken...
Fehmeeda Fatima, Asif Nadeem* and Maryam Javed
...onfirmed by constructing phylogenetic tree which indicated that Sindh ibex, domestic goat, and sheep share a common ancestor.
...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2
...m three different topographical locations of Punjab on the basis of clinical biomarkers. Blood and mosquito samples were collected. Blood samples were processed through complement fixation test and RT-PCR, while mosquito samples were processed through RT-PCR. Overall prevalence of bovine ephemeral fever (BEF) in indigenous breeds of bovine was 63.33%, lower, than exotic breeds 64.66% which were found to be more prone to dise...
Mouslim Bara1,2,* and Luciano N. Segura3
...ed Duck(Oxyura leucocephala). Our results highlight the importance of preserving the Garaet Hadj Tahar as a water bird refuge.
...
Ashraf M. Mounir, A.N. El shahat* and A.M. Abdul Azeem
...of this study. The total phenolic content and total flavonoids of frankincense has been significantly increased under the effect of gamma-rays in this work. Injection of isoprenaline hydrochloride (100 mg/ kg B.Wt./day) to rats resulted in cardiac oxidative stress, inflammation, hyper-lipidemia and increase cardiac marker enzymes. Treatment of rats with GFAE (45 mg/kg/day) prior to injection of ISO provide significant cardio-protective effects evidenced...
Tahira Batool1*, Nabila Roohi1, Athar Mahmud2
...0-6th week (1-phased) to group A and L2 containing 1.4-1.2 % lysine where 1.4% lysine was offered from 0-3rd week and 1.2% lysine from 4-6th week (2-phased) to group B, while, L3 lysine regimen having 1.5%, 1.3%, 1.1% lysine was offered from 0-2nd, 3-4th and 5-6th week, respectively (3-phased) to group C. These birds were pl...
Farah Mansha, Abdul Rehman*
Asma Sohail1*, Aina Rafique2, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1 and Maryum Arif3
... powder, whereas maximum phenolic and flavonoid contents were significantly higher in Muzafati freeze dried date powders. Results suggest that freeze dried date fruit powder had the highest potential to be used as functional foods as they are potential source of antioxidants. Date powder also showed probable antimicrobial activity against Escherichia coli. Overall, results showed that freeze drying is the most effective method for gaining maximum antioxidant a...
Umair Riaz1*, Muhammad Ali Kharal2, Ghulam Murtaza3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Sana Javaid4, Hina Ahmed Malik3, Humera Aziz3 and Zafar Abbas1
...tively involved in plant physiology and mechanisms of stress tolerance primarily utilized by plants for the synthesis of lignin which ultimately thickened cell walls and plant become resistant to ion toxicity sodium and heavy metal stress. It also reconciles the absorption of high energy radiations in mesophyll cells under drought stress, mechanism involves the production of ferulic acid through the methylation of caffeic ac...
Asma Sohail1*, Kashif Sarfraz Abbasi1, Maryum Arif2 and Fatima Najam1
...ns, minerals and various phytochemicals. Due to the presence of two unsaturated fatty acids, these oils can reduce their biological activity on heating, volatilization, and other parameters like oxidation and UV rays. This limits the commercial application of these oils. To overcome such problems encapsulation could be a gentle approach. Prior to encapsulation, oil extraction was done by using five different solvents including ethyl acetate, n-hexane, methanol...
Muhammad Arshad*, Sabeeta Jan, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam, Shiguftah Khalid and Muahmmad Ayub Khan
...) for both genotypic and phenotypic level. Correlation between plant height and oil content was found to be highly significant and positive. Seed yield had positive association but non-significant with DFI, PH 100SW, HD and OC percentage while negative association with DFC and DM. DFI, DFC, HD, 100 SW and OC percentage contribute positively toward seed yield. Present study depicts that for...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...gue viruses is a crucial phenomenon responsible for persistence of the viruses during inter-epidemic period (s) of the disease. In the present study, distribution and seasonality of horizontally transmitted dengue viruses in Aedes mosquitoes was investigated in the metropolitan city Lahore, Pakistan during 2011, 2012 and 2013. Adult Aedes aegypti, were captured from nine towns and one Cantonment Board of the city using back-pack mechanical aspira...
Ghazunfar Rashid1, Muhammad Avais1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq2, Rais Ahmed3,*, Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Naveed-ul-Haque4, Mehtab Ahmad5, Mumtaz Ali Khan1 and Naimat Ullah Khan6
...litatively through the Diphenylamine Filed Test (DFT) and quantitatively by spectrophotometry. The nitrate levels were highest in Jowar, followed by Jai, Shaljam, Makai, Bajra and Sarson. The concentrations were lower in the afternoon in the leaves and in mature crops as compared to stem parts, immature plants, and in samples collected from plants during morning hours. The nitrate concentration was lower in samples collected...
Tariq Mahmood1,*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Faraz Akrim1, Abdul Hamid1, Muhammad Waseem1, Abid Hussain1 and Muhammad Sajid Nadeem2
Saba Irshad*, Aruba Muhammad, Ammara Muazzam, Farah Sarfraz Anmol and Rehman Shahzad
...patients for Xmn1 Polymorphism, accountable for increased Fetal Hemoglobin, an important ameliorating factor in minimizing disease severity. PCR-RFLP was employed for securitizing Xmn1 polymorphism among thalassemia (Major) patients. Out of total 206 screened patients, sole Xmn1 homozygous (+/+) and heterozygous (-/+) case was reported with a band size of 418 bp, 230 bp and 641 bp, 418 bp, 230 bp respectively. Xmn1 restricti...
Zafar Iqbal*, Farah Ansar, Zil-e-Huma
...tail); molly Poeciliasphenops; platy Xiphophorus maculates; sword tail Xiphophorus helleri; guppy Poecilia reticulata; tiger oscar Astronotus ocellatus; koi carp Cyprinus carpio; giant gourami Osphronemus goramy; blue line shark Pan...
Nadia Khan1*, Abdul Waheed1, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Naveed Ahmed1, Zafar Iqbal2, Seemab Ali1, Madiha Bashir1 and Hina Gul3
...ign: justify;">Radish (Raphanus sativus L.) seed oil extract was analyzed for the presence of potential non-volatile phytochemicals and in vitro antibacterial activity against two phytopathogenic bacterial species (Clavibacter sp. and Xanthomonas sp.) and a human pathogenic bacterium (Escherichia coli) in 2016. Experiment was carried out by using complete randomized design with three repli...
Zubina Hameed1, Muhammad Azim Malik1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Ansar1, Farina Shaheen1, Ijaz Ahmad2 and Khisrao Kalim3
...Chenopodium album, and Asphodelus tenuifolius. The results of field experiment clearly showed that weed control efficiency was highest (98.18 %) in Buctril-super followed by Brominal-M (98.11%) and hand weeded weed-free plots (100%) as compared with other herbicides. Similarly Brominal-M and Buctril-super showed higher mortality percentage of weeds after weeds free (hand weeded) plots having (63.61 %), (62.64 %) and (100%) mortality percentages respectively. T...
Tünay Kontaş Aşkar1,*, Şinasi Aşkar1, Olga Büyükleblebici2 and Murat Güzel3
... titter ≥1:128 and lymph node smear examination. In blood samples of dogs with visceral leishmaniasis, levels of malondialdehyde, total antioxidant capacity, glutathione, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, adenosine deaminase and cytokines (TNF-alpha, IL-1β) were determined and compared with the healthy controls. Significantly high levels of plasma malondialdehyde, nitric oxide, myeloperoxidase, adenosine deaminase and c...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
... susceptibility of Staphylococcus aureus in the development of SCM in District Faisalabad of Pakistan. For this purpose, a total of 384 goat milk samples were screened for SCM through surf field mastitis test (SFMT) and mastitis-positives cases were further investigated for isolation of S. aureus using standard procedures. Coagulase gene was PCR amplified from the clinical isolates to categorize them into Coagulase positive Sta
Nizam Uddin Jamali1, Asmatullah Kaka1,*, Pershotam Khatri1, Moolchand Malhi2, Muhammad Naeem3, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Rameez Raja Kaleri4, Habibullah Janyaro5 and Dildar Hussain Kalhoro6
...me, colour, motility, morphology, live dead ratio, membrane integrity and sperm concentration, post chilling for motility, morphology, live dead ratio, membrane integrity and frozen thawed for motility, morphology, live dead ratio and membrane integrity. Semen volume and colour were determined by visual examination, pH was determined by digital pH meter. Motility was determined under micro...
*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1
EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
...ia, communication and graphical systems is used to minimize storage requirements and transmission cost. It increases transmission rate by decreasing redundancy of image data in either lossy or lossless compression means. In this research work, comparison of compression techniques is done using Compression Ratio (CR) and Bit-Per-Pixel (BPP) ratio as performance parameters. Image compression by Huffman encoding, Embedded Zero tree Wavelet (EZW) and Set Partition...
*Irum Javed1, Muhammad Asgher2, Sadia Noreen1, Humara Naz Majeed1 and Tanzila Sahar1
SOLID STATE FERMENTATION OF ASPERGILLUS NIGER FOR CITRIC ACID PRODUCTION USING AGRICULTURE RESIDUE AS SUBSTRATE
...80 and sodium dodecyl sulphat (SDS) showed no effect on the citric acid....
Muhammad Akram and Faheem Aftab
THIDIAZURON INDUCES IN VITRO BUD BREAK AND SHOOT DEVELOPMENT FROM NODAL EXPLANTS OF ORTHOTROPIC SHOOTS OF MAIDENHAIR TREE (GINKGO BILOBA L.)
...ons of TDZ. There were 2 phases of callus formation on the explant, i.e., before bud break and after the break. The frequency of callus induction was highest (100%) at 5uM TDZ before bud break along the nodal region. The rate of callus formation was significantly reduced once bud began to break down and initiation of green axillary shoots. The shoots were further developed, rooted and acclimatized to glasshouse conditions. We demonstrated that axillary buds of...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Saiqa Andleeb2, Bushra Mazhar1, Anum Imtiaz1, Shaukat Ali2*
Assessment of antibiogram and resistogram of pathogenic bacteria isolated from irrigated wheat field water
... pathogens. Different morphological and biochemical tests were performed to identify and characterize bacterial pathogens. Among isolated strains, two belong to genus Staphylococcus spp., other two were Pseudomonas spp. and one strain belonged to genus Salmonella spp. Effect of various parameters such as temperature and pH on growth of pathogens were also studied. Antibiogram and resistogram analysis were carried out through...
Tanzeela Riaz*†, Farah Rauf Shakoori, Syed Shahid Ali
Toxicity of phosphine against tolerant and susceptible populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from Punjab, Pakistan
...evaluate the toxicity of phosphine to 4th, 6th instar larvae and adult beetle in phosphine resistant populations
Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1
Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
Mian Azhar Ahmad1†*, Nawab Mohammad Khan2, Asmatullah3
Anatomical variations of hepatobiliary triangle in patients operated laparoscopically for gallbladder diseases from Lahore and Sahiwal
...d cystic duct, cystic lymph nodes and cystic artery variations. Among them 12% depicted cystic duct variations, 32.2% of patients demonstrated cystic lymph nodes variations and 19.4% of the patients showed cystic artery variations. In addition to variations mentioned above, fat deposition, fibrosis and adhesions were more prevalent in hepatobiliary areas of female patients. Gallbladder disease with stone is much common in f...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Rana Manzoor Ahmad, Abdul Majid Khan*
Newly discovered fossil remains of Selenoportax vexillarius from Hasnot, locality of Siwaliks of Pakistan
...d as the member of Boselaphini (Bovidae) which belong to an extinct genus Selenoportax. All the samples are collected from well exposed strata of Late Miocene of Hasnot, district Jehlum, Pakistan. All The specimens are identified and characterized on the basis of morphometric comparison and morphological similarities and described as Selenoportax vexillarius. The molars have divergent styl...
Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2
Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...ase (SGOT), Alkaline Phosphatase (ALP), total protein, bilirubin, globulin, creatine and uric acid along with reduction of SGOT/SGPT, Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN), urea and albumin as compared to control. Treatments with JFE after Cr+6 exposures significantly improved the hepatic and renal functional profiles possibly by partial liver rehabilitation and regeneration. The JFE significantly recovered the histopathological alterations in reno-hepatic tissue by free ...
Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
Induction of acute phase in response to tacrolimus induced hepatotoxicity
...uate the status of acute phase response and inflammation by examining the alterations in the level of acute phase proteins due to the toxic effect of an immunosuppressive drug (tacrolimus). Aqueous suspension of tacrolimus powder (3 mg/ml) was orally given to four experimental groups of wistar rats. Control group was provided with normal drinking water and dissections were done after 6, 12, 24 and 48 h of tacrolimus dose. De...
Farah Deeba, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir, Muhammad Irfan, Javed Iqbal Qazi*
Chitinase production in organisms: a review
...e enzyme have control of phytopathogens, physiological functions and degradation of chitinous waste. Interest in chitin wastes utilization is increasing day by day because of its natural resistance against degradation. The review focused on different sources of naturally chitinase production in organisms was discussed....
Muhammad Zafar*1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Asmatullah3
Efficacy of methamidophos, fenpropathrin and metasystox against aphid population within the response of Brassica campestris at Multan
...secticides viz. methamidophos @ 1.0lha, fenpropathrin @ 1.2l/ha and metasystox @ 1.4l/ha were tested for the control of aphid population on Brassica campestris. The experiment was conducted during October 2013 to April 2014. Crop season following a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four replications and six treatments in the research farm of Babar Agricultural Farm at Old Shuja Abad Road, Multan. Different insecti...
Durr-e- Samin Tahir*, Waqar Nasir, Sarah Bushra, Fatima Batool
Height trends in the population of Rabwah, district Chiniot, Pakistan and comparison with WHO standards
... 5-19 years which is the phase of growth and height
increase. Heights of the parents and siblings up to 25 are also recorded for further analysis. The R- Programming and
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The average height of
male adults is found to be 172cm (67.71" ± 3.98) and for females it is159 cm (62.55" ± 3.06).Comparison of male and
female heigh...
increase. Heights of the parents and siblings up to 25 are also recorded for further analysis. The R- Programming and
smoothing spline technique were applied to analyze the height trends of the collected data. The average height of
male adults is found to be 172cm (67.71" ± 3.98) and for females it is159 cm (62.55" ± 3.06).Comparison of male and
female heigh...
Tasneem Ikram1, Asmat Salamat2, Muhammad Akbar Khan2, Muhammad Adeeb Babar*2, Khalid Mahmood2, Rabia Shahid2, Muhammad Akhtar2
Additional Fossils of Sivalhippus perimensis (Mammalia, Equidae) from the Late Miocene Siwaliks of Pakistan
...flects all the
morphological features of Sivalhippus perimensis....
morphological features of Sivalhippus perimensis....
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, FarmanUllah4, Hamidullah5
Distribution records of fruit bats Cynopterus sphinx and Rousettus leschenaultii from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...t bat Cynopterus
sphinx (n = 1) and the fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaultia (n = 22) were captured from Malakand division in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for s...
sphinx (n = 1) and the fulvous fruit bat Rousettus leschenaultia (n = 22) were captured from Malakand division in
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK). The morphological and cranial features of the captured specimens were compared with
available literature. Baculum morphometry is one of the key features in identification of bat species and was applied
for s...
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
Mirfa Murtaza1, Sajid Abdullah1, Wardah Hassan1*, Khalid Abbas1, Huma Naz1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2
Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
...es was determined in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio fed
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied significantly between the rice polish and
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied significantly between the rice polish and
Mohammad Salim1, Arshad Javid2*, Ali Hussain2, Faiz-ur-Rahman3, Hamidullah4
First provincial record of desert yellow bat Scotoecus pallidus (Dobson, 1876) from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...st and hand nets. The morphological features of the captured specimens were compared with available literature. This paper documents first record of S. pallidus from Khyber Pakhtunkhwa....
Muhammad Moosa Abro1, Ali Murtaza Dharejo2, Muhammad Munif Khan2, Nadir Ali Birmani2, Saima Naz2*
Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan.
...niger on the basis of morphological
features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
developed pharynx, pre-acetabular cirrus sac, tandem and contiguous testes, short uterus, spherical and pretesticular
ovary. P. exaeretus is a common parasitic species of Cormorants. However, it has not been reported fr...
features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
developed pharynx, pre-acetabular cirrus sac, tandem and contiguous testes, short uterus, spherical and pretesticular
ovary. P. exaeretus is a common parasitic species of Cormorants. However, it has not been reported fr...
Muddasir Hassan Abbasi1, 2, Noor Fatima1, Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari1, Asma Rashid khan3, Nadeem Sheikh2*
Variations in proteins and transaminases following experimental induction of Bisphenol A in mice
...to find the effect of Bisphenol A (BPA) which is widely used in the manufacturing of
epoxy resins and variety of plastics to which humans are exposed routinely. BPA (12.5%) was injected in mice for
consecutive 15 days while control animals were not exposed to any treatment (n=3). Serum samples were processed
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulph
epoxy resins and variety of plastics to which humans are exposed routinely. BPA (12.5%) was injected in mice for
consecutive 15 days while control animals were not exposed to any treatment (n=3). Serum samples were processed
for the estimation of total protein and albumin and aminotransaminases activity. The sodium dodecyl sulph
Saima Naz*, Adil Ali Rajpar, Abdul Hameed Chandio
New Records of some Phthiraptera (chewing lice) of birds from urban areas of Hyderabad, Sindh, Pakistan
...er, 1838),
Colpocephalum turbinatum (Denny, 1842), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880)
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), M. stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) and...
Colpocephalum turbinatum (Denny, 1842), Columbicola columbae (Linnaeus, 1758), Hohorstiella lata (Piaget, 1880)
on pigeons and doves; Brueelia subtilis (Nitzsch, 1874), Menacanthus eurysternus (Burmeister, 1838) and
Sturnidocus refractariolus (Zlotorzycka, 1964) on house sparrow; Goniodes dissimilis (Denny, 1842), Lipeurus
tropicalis (Peters, 1931), Menacanthus pallidulus (Neumann, 1912), M. stramineus (Nitzsch, 1818) and...
Jhan Zeb, Muhammad Javed
Forecasting percentage contribution of plankton biomass towards increase in fish yield under composite culture conditions
..., Cirrhina mrigala, Ctenopharyngodon idella and
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate group of fish T1 to T6 were fed
supplementary diets at varying protein level viz., 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% digestible protein (DP), respectively @
2% of their wet body weight daily. However, control fish (T7) although had an access to plankton; but were devoid of
Hypophthalmichthys molitrix in the ratio of 27:10:10:07:13, respectively. Each triplicate group of fish T1 to T6 were fed
supplementary diets at varying protein level viz., 22, 24, 26, 28, 30 and 32% digestible protein (DP), respectively @
2% of their wet body weight daily. However, control fish (T7) although had an access to plankton; but were devoid of
Zafar Iqbal*, Hafiza Madhia Imtiaz
Parasites of double tail goldfish, Carassius auratus L. imported to Pakistan
... intensity 3.87). Ichthyophthirius
multifiliis infection on fins was found 20% and mean intensity was found 2.4. Trichodina sp. infection on
fins was 12% (with mean intensity 13). Low infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare on fins (8%) and of
Tetrahymena sp. on fins and gills (4%) was also observed. This study has shown that imported double tail
goldfish was not healthy but had parasitic infection. There is an urgent need to have str...
multifiliis infection on fins was found 20% and mean intensity was found 2.4. Trichodina sp. infection on
fins was 12% (with mean intensity 13). Low infection by Piscinoodinium pillulare on fins (8%) and of
Tetrahymena sp. on fins and gills (4%) was also observed. This study has shown that imported double tail
goldfish was not healthy but had parasitic infection. There is an urgent need to have str...
Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
...rganochlorine and organo-phosphate pesticides. Deltamethrin was selected to study the biochemical and histological
alterations in liver of silver carp. The LC50 1.6 μg/L was determined. Fish (n=6) were dividing into 4 groups A (control)
B, C and D (experimental). Experimental groups B, C and D were exposed to 25%, 50% and 75% of LC50
respectively for acute exposure. The blood and liver tissue sampling...
alterations in liver of silver carp. The LC50 1.6 μg/L was determined. Fish (n=6) were dividing into 4 groups A (control)
B, C and D (experimental). Experimental groups B, C and D were exposed to 25%, 50% and 75% of LC50
respectively for acute exposure. The blood and liver tissue sampling...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari1, Abdul Rehman2*
Isolation of bioactive compounds from exudate of edible fungus, Pleurotus ostreatus
...s, thin layer chromatography, high performance liquid chromatography and gas chromatography/mass spectrometry, were employed to study fungal exudate. A total of fifteen different metabolites were detected in the sample by GC/MS. The detected metabolites could be classified into chemical groups of 2 esters, 4 alcohols, 3 benzoic acids, ketone, aldehyde, ph
Hafiz Muhammad Awais Sarwar, Muhammad Tahir Waseem, Abdul Majid Khan*, Rana Manzoor Ahmad
Propotamochoerus hysudricus remains from late Miocene deposits of Hasnot, Pakistan
...basis of
their morphometric characters. This is perhaps the only known species of the genus Propotamochoerus in the
Siwaliks. The specimens are collected from the outcrops of Hasnot type locality, Punjab, Pakistan. The present
findings will strengthen the previous records of the species Propotamochoerus hysudricus from the Late Miocene
Siwaliks of Pakistan. This species can act as a marker suid species of the Late Miocene Siwalik de...
their morphometric characters. This is perhaps the only known species of the genus Propotamochoerus in the
Siwaliks. The specimens are collected from the outcrops of Hasnot type locality, Punjab, Pakistan. The present
findings will strengthen the previous records of the species Propotamochoerus hysudricus from the Late Miocene
Siwaliks of Pakistan. This species can act as a marker suid species of the Late Miocene Siwalik de...
Sadaf Niaz1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Riffat Mehboob3*, Fridoon Jawad Ahmad3
Mutation analysis of RING1 domain of Parkin in early onset of Parkinson’s disease in Pakistani patients-a pilot study
...Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP).No SNP was detected in RING1 domain that could be related to the
disease. The data suggests that no genetic predisposition in RING1 domain may be responsible for the occurrence of
disease in local population. It may be due to genetic changes in any other part of the gene or due to other
environmental factors. However, we have limitation of sample size due to less occurrence of disease in this area. The<...
disease. The data suggests that no genetic predisposition in RING1 domain may be responsible for the occurrence of
disease in local population. It may be due to genetic changes in any other part of the gene or due to other
environmental factors. However, we have limitation of sample size due to less occurrence of disease in this area. The<...
Bushra Siyal1, Sanjota Nirmal Das1, Rafia Rehana Ghazi2, Aly Khan3
Heterotestophyes gibsoni sp.n. (Trematoda: Heterophyidae) from the bird little tern (Sternula albifrons) in Sindh, Pakistan
...ematode genus Heterotestophyes gibsoni
sp. n. was recorded from the intestine of little tern (Sternula albifrons) collected from Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The
new species is characterized by having small body, maximum width attained at the level of mid body region and
twisted at the level of pharynx. Oral sucker terminal, rounded and broader than long. Esophagus long,...
sp. n. was recorded from the intestine of little tern (Sternula albifrons) collected from Jamshoro, Sindh, Pakistan. The
new species is characterized by having small body, maximum width attained at the level of mid body region and
twisted at the level of pharynx. Oral sucker terminal, rounded and broader than long. Esophagus long,...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sundas Nasreen1, Sobia Safeer1, Saiqa Andleeb1, Mubashir Ejaz1, Saira Bano2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3
Medicinal plants as therapeutic agents for cancer treatment
...edicines and traditional pharmacology is reemerging
to caring good base as striking discovery train. The current declined in the number of new molecular entities from the
medicinal industry, unique anticancer agents are being required from traditional medicines. According to recently
published data, this article reports a detailed review of ethnomedicinally important anticancerous medicinal plants. It
will provide a new way to explo...
to caring good base as striking discovery train. The current declined in the number of new molecular entities from the
medicinal industry, unique anticancer agents are being required from traditional medicines. According to recently
published data, this article reports a detailed review of ethnomedicinally important anticancerous medicinal plants. It
will provide a new way to explo...
Zubair Ahmed#, Muhammad Farhanullah Khan, Habiballah Rana*
Toxicological effects of Haloxylon recurvum Bunge ex Boiss (Khar Boti) whole plant extract and novel insecticide chlorantraniliprole against maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais Motschulsky
...these, maize weevil, Sitophilus zeamais is one of the most threatening
pests. Botanical insecticides derived from plants have increased popularity in
stored products protection due to ecological concerns and insect resistance to
chemical insecticides. In these regards, a study were carried out to evaluate
toxicity of crude methanol extract of whole plant of Haloxylon recurvum (Khar boti)
and a novel insecticide chlorantranili...
pests. Botanical insecticides derived from plants have increased popularity in
stored products protection due to ecological concerns and insect resistance to
chemical insecticides. In these regards, a study were carried out to evaluate
toxicity of crude methanol extract of whole plant of Haloxylon recurvum (Khar boti)
and a novel insecticide chlorantranili...
Waqas Ali, Arshad Javid, Ali Hussain, Syed Mohsin Bukhari
Public attitude towards amphibian and reptiles in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan
...ic perceptions towards amphibians and reptiles in district Kasur,
Pakistan. A total of 200 respondents, 50 from each tehsil were interviewed from all
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mucosus, Eryx johnii, Varanus bengalensis
and Uromastyx hardwickii. Out of 200 respon...
Pakistan. A total of 200 respondents, 50 from each tehsil were interviewed from all
the four tehsils namely Pattoki, Chunnian, Kot Radha Kishan and Kasur. The
people of the study area used to prepare traditional medicines from body parts of
Bungarus caeruleus, Naja naja, Ptyas mucosus, Eryx johnii, Varanus bengalensis
and Uromastyx hardwickii. Out of 200 respon...
Madeeha Arshad, Asmatullah, Chaman Ara
Embryotoxic effects of sodium arsenate in Mus musculus
...station and fixed for morphometric morphological and histological
analysis. Morphometric observations indicated significant (P≤0.05) variations
among groups in certain parameters (body weights, crown rump length, head and
eye circumferences) against control. Microcephaly, hygroma, skin hemorrhages,
scoliosis and appendage d...
analysis. Morphometric observations indicated significant (P≤0.05) variations
among groups in certain parameters (body weights, crown rump length, head and
eye circumferences) against control. Microcephaly, hygroma, skin hemorrhages,
scoliosis and appendage d...
Zafar Iqbal1, Muhammad Farooq Nasir1, Imran Bodlah1*, Rahmatullah Qureshi2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
Notes on three morphs of Bulaea lichatschovii (Hummel) (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) from Northern Pakistan
...hatschovii (Hummel) is a phytophagous as well as pollinivorous species
on many plants. In this study, three morphs of B. lichatschovii are reported during
2015-2017 from different localities of Northern Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad
Jammu and Kashmir). Three food plants of the coccinellid are, Krascheninnikovia
ceratoides, Artemisia vulgaris and A. maritim...
on many plants. In this study, three morphs of B. lichatschovii are reported during
2015-2017 from different localities of Northern Pakistan (Gilgit-Baltistan and Azad
Jammu and Kashmir). Three food plants of the coccinellid are, Krascheninnikovia
ceratoides, Artemisia vulgaris and A. maritim...
Ihsan Ali1#, Asim Aslam1*, Habib-ur-Rehman2, Beenish Zahid3, Ishtiaq Ahmed1
Effect of fish oil on growth performance and immune response in experimentally infected broiler chicken with avian influenza virus H9N2
...ffects of Fish oil on lymphoid organs through
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups A, B, C & D. Group A and
B were challenged with AI virus (H9N2) on 21 day of age, group B and C were
treated with 3% FO while group A and D were treated with cooking oil. For isolation
of virus, 21 samples were collected, out of which 8 (40%) w...
histopathology, growth performance and antibody response in H9N2 challenged
broilers. A total of 80 chicks were divided in to 4 groups A, B, C & D. Group A and
B were challenged with AI virus (H9N2) on 21 day of age, group B and C were
treated with 3% FO while group A and D were treated with cooking oil. For isolation
of virus, 21 samples were collected, out of which 8 (40%) w...
Muhammad Asghar Hassan1, Imran Bodlah1* , Ayesha Aihetasham2
First record of the oriental species, Saltella setigera Brunetti, 1909 (Diptera: Sepsidae) from Pakistan
...The additional
morphological and genital characters of S. setigera along with its photographs,
distributional notes and remarks are provided....
morphological and genital characters of S. setigera along with its photographs,
distributional notes and remarks are provided....
Halil Erhan Eroğlu
The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index (S/AI)
...ng to the S/AI values, a phylogenetic tree was drawn showing
relationships among the species....
relationships among the species....
Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1
Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
...lasma Mass
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) foraccumulation of Ti, Cu and Zn nanoparticles in
various tissues (gills, liver and muscles). Ti and Cu accumulation in gills was
recorded to be 5.7033 and 3.7133 μg/Kg respectively,whereas, maximum Zn
accumulation (2375.3 μg/Kg) was observed in liver. It was concluded from the
present study that the strategy applied to assess the bioaccumulation of
nanoparticles in the soft ...
Spectrophotometry (ICP-MS) foraccumulation of Ti, Cu and Zn nanoparticles in
various tissues (gills, liver and muscles). Ti and Cu accumulation in gills was
recorded to be 5.7033 and 3.7133 μg/Kg respectively,whereas, maximum Zn
accumulation (2375.3 μg/Kg) was observed in liver. It was concluded from the
present study that the strategy applied to assess the bioaccumulation of
nanoparticles in the soft ...
Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1*, Muhammad Zafar2, Munazza Perveen3, Munir Ahmad3, Asia Iqbal4, Asmatullah3
Efficacy of malathion and carbosulfan against crop invadedaphid types Aphis craccivora (Koch) and Aphis gossypii (glover) on bean and brinjal plants
...mportant crop infesting aphid species Aphis gossypii
(Glover) and Aphis craccivora (Koch) were reared on brinjal and bean plants
respectively. In the laboratory, the vegetable plant leaves being applied by residual
film technique with tested Aphid population. The most toxic insecticide was found
to be malathion with LC50 as 20...
(Glover) and Aphis craccivora (Koch) were reared on brinjal and bean plants
respectively. In the laboratory, the vegetable plant leaves being applied by residual
film technique with tested Aphid population. The most toxic insecticide was found
to be malathion with LC50 as 20...
Anber Naqvi1*#, Abdul Qadir1, Adeel Mahmood2, Mehvish Mumtaz3, Iqra Aslam1, Gan Zhang4
Assessment of polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) in maternal blood serum from selected districts of Punjab, Pakistan
...;34PCBs and socio-demographic
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
releases of PCB into the environment to prevent human exposure....
parameters reflected significant results for milk intake. The study findings
suggested a need for regulating the continuous intentional or unintentional
releases of PCB into the environment to prevent human exposure....
Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri
Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...ble element of bacterial physiology and
determines the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. There is a need to control
bacterial motility. Present study determined swimming, swarming, and twitching
motilities in response to different physiochemical factors. Twenty-two
morphologically different bacterial strains were collected from a drain of sewage
water...
determines the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. There is a need to control
bacterial motility. Present study determined swimming, swarming, and twitching
motilities in response to different physiochemical factors. Twenty-two
morphologically different bacterial strains were collected from a drain of sewage
water...
Zafar Iqbal
A review of fisheries education in University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Raazia Kiran1, Alya Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan1*, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir2
An overview of pre-treatment methods used for bioconversion of lignocellulosic biomasses into valuable products
...ves the use of different physical processes i.e., size
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/
brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignoc...
reduction, steaming or boiling, ultrasonication, and bursting, chemical methods i.e.,
solvents, acids, salts, bases, the physicochemical processes include liquid hot
water and AFEX (ammonium fibre explosion), biological methods involving whiterot/
brown-rot fungi and bacteria, and quite a few combinations thereof to
breakdown the lignoc...
Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5
Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
...f 1998 to 2013.
Emphasis was laid to review all studies conducted in Pakistan however where
needed reference from other countries with similar socio-demographic
characteristics was also included. The four key components of Health Belief
Models; perceived susceptibility and severity and perceived benefits and barriers
explain the relation between the socio-psychological factors and low treat...
Emphasis was laid to review all studies conducted in Pakistan however where
needed reference from other countries with similar socio-demographic
characteristics was also included. The four key components of Health Belief
Models; perceived susceptibility and severity and perceived benefits and barriers
explain the relation between the socio-psychological factors and low treat...
Abdul Majid Khan*
Review report on mammalian dental defect (enamel hypoplasia) in different groups of mammals
... is an environmental and physiological
stress indicator for the insults an animal has faced during its growth and
development. It also points out the health status of a mammal during different
phases of its life span. The article outlines the dental enamel hypoplasia studies in
low and high crowned mammals. It also depicts the diversity in feeding habitat of
mammals having positive results ...
stress indicator for the insults an animal has faced during its growth and
development. It also points out the health status of a mammal during different
phases of its life span. The article outlines the dental enamel hypoplasia studies in
low and high crowned mammals. It also depicts the diversity in feeding habitat of
mammals having positive results ...
Haniya Mazhar1, Naaz Abbas2, Tehseen Zamir3, Zahid Hussain1, Syed Shahid Ali4*
... cereus following morphological, biochemical and molecular characterization. Best medium for lipase production was olive oil and mustard oil cake and the best carbon sources were fructose and maltose whereas yeast extract was found to be the best nitrogen source, showing 55U/mL enzyme activity. The best inoculum size for the growth of this strain was 4-5%. Optimum pH was 8 and best temperature was 40oC for the reported strain. Addition of divale...
Muhammad S. Waqas, Ali A.Z. Shoaib, Xinlai Cheng, Qianqian Zhang, Asem S.S. Elabasy and Zu-hua Shi*
...ae), is an invasive, polyphagous pest species. Reproductive biology of this mealybug species is poorly known, which hinders the development of an effective management program. In this study, the reproductive mode, male’s mating capacity, influence of female’s age and density on male’s mating capacity, as well as the influence of copulation on female’s longevity were investigated under the laboratory condition. Our results demonstrated t...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...d so for to determine α-amylase inhibition for the evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of the plant. So, the aim of this study was for the investigation of in vitro, in vivo anti-diabetic potential and mode of action of various fractions of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant. Various fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from the most active methanolic extract were prepared. Hypoglycemic potential ...
Hina Abrar1,2, S.N.H. Naqvi1,*, Muhammad Rashid Ahmed3, Asma Basharat Ali3 and Hina Yasin1,2
...tal hypertension and oesophageal varices. The study was undertaken in rabbits to investigate the effect of propranolol to reduce hepatoxicity of carbamazepine (CBZ). Animals were divided into three groups; control, CBZ administered group (200 mg/Kg for 10 days) and CBZ plus propranolol (30 mg/Kg for 10 days) treated group. Liver function test and histological evaluation by H and E staining and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was carried at the end of dosing...
Muhammad Iqbal1, Khalid Usman2*, Muhammad Arif1, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi3, Muhammad Munir4 and Imran Khan1
...valuated for their fruit physico-chemical characteristics and yield behavior at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, D.I. Khan (Pakistan) during 2013 and 2014. The genotypes of bottle gourd were Hazarvi, Anmol, Amber, King, Advanta-205, Surbhi, Royal, Nobel, Sharmic and Louki (local check variety). The experiment was laid-out in randomized complete block design having ten treatments (including 9 exotics plus 1 local genotype) and three replications. The r...
A.M. Abdul Azeem, A.N. El Shahat* and Ashraf M. Mounir
...a;) irradiation on total phenolic content andantioxidant activity of pomegranate peel powder as well as to evaluate the effect of gamma-irradiated pomegranate peels extract (GPE) against biochemical alterations of lead induced testicular and hepato-toxicity in rats. From the results, it was obtained that gamma irradiation induced significant increase in the total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of pomegranate peels...
Akshay Sharma*, Mohit Mahajan, Madhumeet Singh and Pravesh Kumar
...Trans rectal ultrasonography of a 7 year old crossbred Jersey cow was done at weekly interval from 21 to 63 days post artificial insemination. Monochorionic diamniotic monozygotic twins were confirmed on the basis of different amniotic sacs and corpus luteum on one ovary. Color Doppler study was done to assess the vascularity and functional activity of corpus luteum present on the left ovary. Ultrasonography was employed at ...
Saman Fatima* and Shazia Iram
...o groups on the basis of physical appearance of lesions on peal and the disease severity was then identified. Both classical and molecular method was used for identification of pathogens. Under classical approach the infected sections from the skin of kinnow was utilized to grow fungal colonies on generalized media, i.e. potato dextrose agar, from which six fungal colonies were also isolated and studied further. Under molecular approach direct DNA was isolated...
Ali Zohaib1*, Saima Yousaf1,2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Tahira Tabassum1, Tasawer Abbas3, Wardah Muzaffar1 and Wasiq Ikram2
...Pseudomonas fluorescens (phosphorus solubilizing bacteria) on growth, allometric traits and dry matter yield of different soybean genotypes viz. EBR4V4, Freedom and Swat-84. Seed inoculation significantly improved the total chlorophyll content, leaf area index, leaf area duration, crop growth rate and dry matter yield. Seed inoculation with P. fluorescens produced more pronounced results f...
Misbahullah, Shad Khan Khalil, Asim Muhammad*, Afza Tabassum and Shah Fahad
... times on weed dynamics, phenology and leaf tracts of variety Atta Habib was sown at the Research Farm of Agronomy, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan throughout 2015-16. Used of sorghum extract with three concentrations (1:3, 1:4, 1:5), weedicide (affinity) with three different levels (1/3, 1/ 2, 2/3 of the recommended dose) and 3 times of application (emergence,tillering,50% at emergence + fifty percent at tillering). Herbicide sole, weeded by ...
Aiguo Zhou1,3,4, Shaolin Xie1,4, Zhenlu Wang1, Lanfen Fan1, Yanfeng Chen2, QiaoYe1, Fang Zeng1 and Jixing Zou1,*
...iversity of two color morphs of northern snakehead. For the Chnannidae family, the average genetic distances of Cyt b gene was 0.171 (ranged 0.000 to 0.248) with the inter-species genetic distances. The intra-species genetic distance ranged from 0.000 to 0.002. For the haplotypes of two color morphs of Channa argus, the mean pair-wise genetic distances were estimated as 0.002, which were within the intra-specie...
Shagufta Nighat1, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1,*, Syed Israr Shah1, Amber Khalid1, Tariq Mahmood2, Ayesha Aihetasham3 and Muhammad Asif4
...aging habits and high trophic level. There is a growing interest on the conservation of bats throughout the world as they play an important role in controlling insect population. We measured cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu) lead (Pb) and zinc (Zn) concentrations in bat tissues through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Our findings showed that metals were more concentrated in the liver and kidneys, Zn and Pb showed high mean valu...
Faiz Muhammad1,2, Canfeng Dou1, Zhen-ming Lü1,*, Li Gong1, Xun Du1 and Muhammad Shafi3
...aplotypes and 140 polymorphic sites were noted, whereas (0.740, 0.048) high and low haplotype and nucleotide diversity observed. The data was further tested with AMOVA that validates 91.24% variation among populations and 8.76% within population. Genetic fixation index was also calculated as 0.91243*. The neighbor-joining phylogenetic analysis revealed three lineages. The Dongshan population distinctly has shown separat...
Jun Yan Bai1,*, Yong Gang Zhao2 and Yu Qin Wang1
...CR amplification. Polymorphism of goat species was tested by sequencing technology. Results demonstrated that there are two mutation sites (SNP loci) of the primer GHRL-2 in black goat and Yaoshan goat, which are G447C site and T498C site. At G447C site, gene frequencies of G and C in black goat and Yaoshan goat were detected 0.621/0.379 and 0.793/0.207, respectively. In black goat and Yaoshan goat, G is the dominant allele in G447C. At T498C site, gene freque...
Chao Zhao1,2, Juan Feng1, Haidong Xu1, Lihua Qiu1,2,*, Qibin Yang1, Zhenhua Ma1 and Jian G. Qin3
.../i> < 0.05). Heterotrophic bacteria and vibro counts in the formalin treatment were significantly lower than UV treatment and untreated group (P < 0.05). Based on the results obtained in the present study, we suggest that formalin treatment could be a better away to control bacteria in P. monodon larvae culture.
...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1, Hina Ashraf2,*, Muhammad Arshad3, Sabeeha Parveen4, Amna Aslam4, Nargis Naz4, Zahid Kamran1, Sumbul Gohar Khalid5, Sajid Hameed1, Muhammad Ashfaq6 and Muhammad Mukhtar7
...rted for their different pharmacological activities but their antiviral potentials were not known before. The methanolic extracts were made and concentrated by rotary evaporator and finally dissolved in distilled water before taking their antiviral trials in 7-11 days old chicken embryonated eggs. The viral loads were determined through heamagglutination (HA) test. The methanolic extract of each plant was found effective against NDV but in varying order. The a...
Fouzia Tabssum1, Qamar uz Zaman2*, Yinglong Chen3,4, Umair Riaz5*, Waqas Ashraf6, Ambreen Aslam2, Nusrat Ehsan2, Rab Nawaz2, Humera Aziz7 and Shamim ul Sibtain Shah8
...t water-relations, chlorophyll pigments, photosynthetic pigments, morphological and yield related traits of rice cultivars. Proline application improved the efficiency of salt tolerance of rice cultivars, Shaheen basmati showed better response in terms of yield than Super basmati. In crux, foliar applications of 50 mM proline at seedling and vegetative stages are more effective for achievi...
Imran Khan1*, Muhammad Iqbal1 and Malik Muhammad Hashim2
... this study examines the physiological response of sugar beet cv. California-kws with different irrigation intervals at the research farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal university Dera Ismail Khan Pakistan during 2013-14 and 2014-15. The study was conducted using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) having six treatments i.e. (I1= 05 days’, I2= 10 days’, I3= 15 days’, I4= 20 days’, I5= 25 days’, and I6= 30 days’’ in...
Fatih Korkmaz1, Veysel Parlak2, Özgür Kaynar3, Arzu Ucar2, Gonca Alak1,* and Muhammed Atamanalp2
...ntent (total aerobic mesophilic, psychotropic and lactic acid bacteria, Pseudomonas and Enterobacteriaceae), lipid peroxidation (TBARS), total volatile basic nitrogen (TVB-N) and pH values on quality during 12 days. The decrease in bacterial growth activity, physicochemical values (TVB-N, TBARS and pH) and prolonged shelf life in a natural preservative dependence were observed in the fillets. Generally all the test pa...
Abderraouf Chouaib Rebbah1, Mohcen Menaa2,*, Salah Telailia3,Menouar Saheb1 and Mohamed Cherif Maazi2
Shaher Bano1, Sarah Ghafoor1,* and Nadia Naseem2
...forming Growth Factor-α is a mitogen peptide performing diverse cellular functions and is immunolocalized in ductal epithelium of salivary glands. The development of salivary glands is under the influence of various hormones including Triiodothyronine hormone (T3). Submandibular gland of rat is an excellent model to study salivary gland organogenesis. The study is designed to understand T3-mediated regulation of TGF-&alph<...
Xiao-Ying Ren1, Di Zhang2 and Wan-Long Zhu1,*
...stigate the geometric morphometrics of the craniums and mandible in nine species of Eothenomys (E. fidelis, E. melanogaster, E. chinensis, E. proditor, E. custos, E. cachinus, E. eleusis, E. miletus and E.olitor), ANOVA analyses, principal components analysis, thin plate spline, UPGMA and Multidimensional Scaling were used. The results showed that there had significant differences in skull s...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
... castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus granarius in an experimental chamber. We tested two DDVP evaporation regimes from the strips, namely, “preventive” and “repressive”. In the “preventative” regime, the strips are introduced 168 h before pest exposure whereas in the “repressive” reg...
Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali
...stify;">Exploring proper phosphorus level and irrigation interval which enhances cotton production and lint quality was the basis of this research. A field study was conducted in Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during 2016 to assess the impact of irrigation interval and phosphorus rates on cotton grown under reduced tillage system (one tiller followed by one ...
Nighat Seema1*, Muhammad Hamayun1, Husan Ara1 and Raham Sheer Khan2
...ext-align: justify;">Endophytic fungi cooperate more meticulously with their host plants and may be more capable to solubilize nutrients from soil and provide it to their hosts. In current study, endophytic fungi inoculation significantly affected the soil properties such as soil texture, organic matters, EC and pH with or without 8% PEG induced drought stress. Upon inoculation of different endoph
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari1*, Ghulam Ali Bajwa2 and S. Shafiqur Rehman1
...imate change is a global phenomenon manifested in rising temperature, erratic changes in precipitation and other climate variables. To assess such impacts, climate-growth response function of the Blue pine (Pinus wallichiana) was studied in Galies Forest Division -Abbottabad, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, for the time period 1962-2011. Time function response and impacts of changing climate were estimated on the basis of annual ring-width and intra-ring wood fo...
Sahar Shibli1,2*, Farzana Siddique1, Saeeda Raza2, Zaheer Ahsan3 and Irum Raza4
...gh gas liquid chromatography revealed six fatty acids namely palmitic acid, oleic acid, linoleic acid, arachidic acid, eicosenoic acid and behenic acid. The peanut cultivars Bard-479 and Local-334 were more suitable for oil extraction and peanut butter development because of their high oleic acid to linoleic acid ratio (2.3-2.4). Bard-92 was less preferable cultivar for product development owing to its high linoleic acid (42.56%) and low O/L ratio (0.93) that ...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3
...ing/browsing were kikar, phulai, beri, siras, jand, khagal, dhaman, persain, khawi, bui, bhakra, kari, laana, phog, karir and khar laana. Regarding hair mineral status Ca, Mg, Cu, Zn, Fe and Mn concentrations were found to be significantly different (P<0.05) between calf groups being higher in IMS as (685.07±15.86, 595.67±15.86; 104.33±5.12, 101.17±5.12; 7.08±0.34, 6.73±0.34; 65.3...
A.H. Shahzad1, A. Sattar1,*, A. Husnain1, I. Ahmad2, N. Ahmad1, D. Nak3 and Y. Nak3
...s at two different geographical locations. On location A, 160 postpartum cows were enrolled in standard CIDR-EB protocol. Cows were subjected to timed AI and randomly assigned into two groups: 1) control (n=70), subjected to AI on detected estrus (AIDE) from d18-d30 post TAI. Pregnancy rate was diagnosed on d30, d60 and d90 post TAI, 2) resynch (n=90) received CIDR from d14-d21 post TAI. On day 23, all cows received GnRH shot and open cows received rema...
Mahboob Ali1, Muhammad Avais1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Memoona Chaudhary2, Riaz Hussain3, Amjad Islam Aqib1, Naimat Ullah Khan4, Muhammad Luqman Sohail5,*, Madiha Khan6, Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Mehtab Ahmad7, Muhammad Sajid Hasni2, Imran Qaiser8, Ghazanfar Rashid1, Ikramul Haq1 and Ikramullah Khan8
...astitis, caused by Staphylococcus aureus, in dromedary camels (Camelus dromedarius) reared in two distinct agro-ecological zones of Pakistan viz. Cholistan desert and Suleiman mountain range. A total of 768 lactating she-camels were screened for subclinical mastitis using California mastitis test (CMT). A preformed questionnaire was used to obtain data for the potential risk factors. Results showed an overall prevalence of 47.14% for subcl...
Menderes Cenet
...megaterium and Staphylococcus aureus. Honey samples (H07 and H08) showed significant antifungal effects on Candida albicans.
...
Muhammad Furqan1, Usman Ali1,*, Anjum Ara1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Muhammad Siddique Awan3, Riaz Aziz Minhas3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmad3, Qamar Zaman Qamar4 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar5
...9), Parthenium hysterophorus (IV= 113.82), Saccharum spontaneum (IV= 199.88) Ziziphus mauritiana (IV= 51.35), Lantana indica (IV= 78.39) and Morus alba (IV= 31.38).
...
Effect of Seed Inoculation with Plant Growth Promoting Rhizobacteria on Yield and Quality of Soybean
Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6
...Rhizobium japonicum) and phosphorus solubilizer (Pseudomonas fluorescens)] were applied to three different cultivars of soybean (EBR4V4, Freedom and Swat-84). The results showed that seed inoculation with R. japonicum and P. fluorescens improved the grain yield, biological yield, oil content and protein content of soybean, as compared to un-inoculated control. Seed inoculation with P. fluorescens was more effective than R. j...
Babar Tasim1, Tariq Masood1*, Zafar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Arif2, Ata Ullah1, Ghazal Miraj3 and Muhammad Samiullah4
...to know its chemical and physical properties which depend on the type of the initial material used. Agricultural residues of different types (e.g., Sesbania stems (Sesbania punicea, SS), Chickpea plant (Cicer arietinum, CP), Maize cobs (Zea Mays, MC), Wheat straw (Triticum aestivum, WS), Sugarcane (Saccharum officinarum) bagasse (BG) and Animal dung (AD) were pyrolyzed at temperature range of 300-500 oC in order to compare the biochar samples obtained on the b...
Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1
Shamesa Maryam1, Ajaz Ahmad Sandhu1, Imran Bodlah2*, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...as aimed to explore the Aphid’s fauna of Gujranwala and carried out during January to March (2016). For this purpose aphids were collected from twenty two host plants at six different localities of Gujranwala area of Punjab province, Pakistan. Total 12 species namely; Aphis craccivora, Aphis fabae, Aphis gossy...
Farheen Shaikh*, Saima Naz, Nadir Ali Birmani
Sabi-ur-rehman1, Farooq Azam1, Shaheed Ur Rehman2, Tasbeeh Ur Rahman3, Ayeza Mehmood4, Afshan Gohar5 and Abdul Samad5*
...t its botanical aspects, phytochemistry, traditional uses as well as therapeutic potential of Conocarpus erectus. This plant was selected due to its great medicinal importance like its leaves and fruits have been using traditionally as antipyretic, anti diabetic, anti malarial and for the treatment of conjunctivitis, syphilis, gonorrhea, orchitis, diarrhea, anemia, prickly heat and swellings etc. The plant has also reported ...
Muhammad Asad Saleem1,*, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1, Mudssar Ali1, Muhammad Amin2, Muhammad Tayyab1,3 and Sumaira Maqsood4
...ed palm weevil Rhynchophorus ferrugineus (RPW) is a very serious pest of oil palms, coconut palms and date palms in many parts of the world. The present study was carried out to study RPW biology and development under laboratory conditions and survival against sub-lethal doses of B. bassiana and biorational insecticide (Nitenpyram). Sugarcane sets as alternate to date palm stem were successfully used as diet for rearing RPW. Combination of entomo...
Mujahid Niaz Akhtar* and Amjad Farooq
... armigera, Pectinophora gossypiella, Earias vitella populations found on cultivated cotton crops (government approved varieties) in Southern Punjab, Pakistan. Data was collected after ten days of interval during crop season from 2014 to 2016 randomly. Significant Correlations coefficients were observed which can be used for effective pest control program to predict predator prey ratio.
...
Muhammad Tufail1, Naila Chand1, Rafiullah1, Shakoor Ahmad2, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Muhammad Mobashar3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...e performance and gut morphology of broiler chicks (Ross 308) during the finisher phase. A total of 180 of 22 days broiler chicks were distributed into 3 treatments with 3 replicates having 20 chicks per replicate. One group was kept as control and the birds in this treatment were fed on basal ration without alteration in feed contents while the other treatments MOS-50 and MOS-100 represented 50 and 100 g MOS/kg feed respect...
Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...s studies fatty acid and physico-chemical analysis were performed. The pH texture, fat, protein, blood lipid profile and PUFA concentration was significantly affected by the incorporation of oat in rabbit feed. It was concluded that the supplementation of 2% oat in rabbit feed increase n-3 PUFA in meat while improvement in serum lipid profile was observed by 4% supplementation of oat seeds. It was also observed that fat percentage in meat was also reduced by o...
Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1
...es incorporation on soil physical properties, total N and maize productivity, a field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The design used was randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage implements (mould board plough, rotavator, disk harrow and cultivator) were used as main plot factor and N sources (control, cattle manure, poultry manu...
Muhammad Amin1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Abida Perveen1, Zareen Rauf1, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2 and Muhammad Ijaz2
...own as a “crawling phenomenon” or “crawling Disaster” as it is a plodding physical process and its effects spatially varies. Misperception on drought and its features is common in defining policies and caused delays in its prevention (Gore, 2002). Pakistan is one the counties which is affected badly by drought. In near Past, Pakistan faced one of the worst drought span drought in 50 years from 1998 to...
Rahat Afza, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed and Muhammad Asam Riaz*
... the canola and mustard aphids. But the application of insecticides in field to manage aphids cause impairment of several key biological traits of the exposed coccinellids through physiological and behavioral effects. It is crucial to understand the effects of insecticides on the coccinellids. The current research was aimed at determining the intra-guild predation (IGP) of different life s...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2
...ssibly leading to luteal phase defect (LPD) and infertility. Recent studies revealed that mifepristone not only affects the ovary and uterus, but also the pituitary, resulting in LPD. Bu Shen Zhu Yun formula (BSZYF) was developed by Professor Guicheng Xia, a “great master in TCM.” It effectively cures LPD, while its effect on the pituitary is unclear. In this study, we aimed to explore the effect of BSZYF on gonadotropins and gonadotropin-releasing...
Jian Wang1,*, Zhi Liu2, Sheng Xu2, Mei-Fen Hu2, Xiao-Rui Liu1 and Wen-Jie Cai1
...um and its mRNA in neutrophils of the patients with chronic renal failure (CRF). It was used to dynamically observe of Hemodialysis on the concentration of the CXCL8 in serum and the levels of CXCL8 mRNA in neutrophils were respectively measured by ELISA and PCR. The house keeping gene encoding glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) as the inte...
Bei Liu1, Yanli Hong1, Huifang Zhou1,*, Zhenzhen Cao1, Shuang Zhang1, Jing Jin1, Miao Jiang1, Cunsi Shen2 and Jianjian Ji2
...nfertility due to luteal phase defect (LPD), a GnRH-receptor (GnRHR) antagonized model of pituitary cells was established by using the blocking agent of Cetrorelix. The cells were treated with BSZYD-containing cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Thus, a total of five groups of cells, including blank (+) group, Cetrorelix (+) group, CSF with BSZY (+) group, model-treated (+) group and corresponding blocker-treated group were established. Secretion levels of related horm...
Peng Song1,2, Wei Feng2, Haiying Shi2,Jinsheng Zhao3, Renmin Liu3 and Wei Xu2,*
Hao Gu*, Zhi Yang, Weiqiang Yu, Kan Xu and Yuan-fei Fu*
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4
...lance may result catastrophic effect on the environment including impact on plant, animal and human life. Hence, efforts to maintain a healthy biodiversity through conservation are needed. Since the life is passing through the time of global warming and climate variation, new issues for farming community are on the rise. These issues are related to protection of natural environment and biodiversity which is one of the critical problems encounter by farmers of ...
Hamidullah1,*, Arshad Javid2, Basit Rasheed1,Jehan Zeb3, Abidullah1 and Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1
Najeeb Ullah1, Niamat Ullah Khan2*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1, Muhammad Safdar Baloch1, Ejaz Ahmad Khan1, Farkhanda Khan3 and Zaki Ullah4
...re due to shorter growth phase and unsuitable environment, respectively. Thus it is concluded that the genotype, CIM-602 sown on April 15 suits well to the study area and had the potential to optimize cotton yield and quality in irrigated condition of Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan. ...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...e neurons in the Drosophila melanogaster adult brain, is an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, IRK1. Knocking down the potassium channels specifically on PDF expressing neurons using UAS-GAL4 RNAi system resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lack of the potassium channels also caused a robust increase in sleep and reduction in the fly’s active ...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,*, Tariq Mukhtar2, Barkat Ali Bughio3 and Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4
...>Heterorhabditis bacteriophora. Both the nematodes caused 100% mortality of the test insects within 6 days. The mean numbers of IJ of S. feltiae invading each G. mellonella, T. molitor medium and small were significantly greater (11.2, 15.2 and 11.4 IJ, respectively) than those of H. bacteriophora (2.8 IJ each per G. mellonella and T. molitor medium and 3 IJ per T. molitor...
Kalimullah Khan1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Zia Ur Rehman3, Hamza Maris4 and Habib ur Rehman1
... that supplementation of phytase enzymes affected the weight and length of small intestine and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and did not affect the other zoo technical variables like body weight, feed consumption, and weight gain during the whole experimental period. Application of phytasefailed to exert any influence on the weights of gizzard, provetriculus, heart, liver, spleen and empty intestine. The weights and lengths of...
Tongliang Wang1, Lele Jia1, Xiaofei Zhai1, Jianguo Cui2 and Jichao Wang1,*
...ve-breeding toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus to test the matched filter hypothesis.Male toads emitted a series of multisyllabic calls that were composed of single notes with a dominant frequency of 1494 ± 80 Hz. The dominant frequency reflected body size and was static between males, suggesting it may be under stabilizing selection and used in species recognition. Sexual dimorphism in peri<...
Samiah Shahid1,Jawaria Shaheen1, Wajeehah Shahid2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
Tafail Akbar Mughal1, Muhammad Zubair Saleem2, Shaukat Ali3,*, Khawaja Khurshid Anwar1, Muhammad Majid Bashir1, Muhammad Babar4 and Muhammad Adeeb Khan1
Dur-E-Shahwar1,2, Riaz Ahmad Sheikh1, Nazia Jamil2*
...plications in petroleum, pharmaceutical and agricultural industries. Produced water is a major waste water stream of petroleum industry which is produced during petroleum extraction from subsurface in which hydrocarbons are found as a main environmental pollutant. Present study is focused on production of biosurfactants from indigenous bacteria, isolated from produced water and produced water contaminated soil samples collected from three selected sites of Eas...
Imran Bodlah1, Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Muhammad Amin2, Ayesha Aihetasham3
...ge.
...
Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon*
...f EMS and to observe the phenotypic variability of the two upland rice genotypes Dawk Pa-yawm (white rice) and Dawk Kha 50 (red rice), in Thailand. Seeds of the potential genotypes has been treated with varying EMS concentrations. With the increase in concentration, there was a continuous decrease in germination, shoot and root lengths respectively. Data have been subjected to regression analysis and effective doses of EMS were recorded for both genotypes. The...
Rizwan Ullah Shah* and Iqbal Munir
...e different level of 1-naphthaleneacetic acid NAA (0.05, 0.1, 0.5, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l) and 6-benzyl amino purine BAP (0.1, 0.5, 0.7, 1.0 and 1.5 mg/l), and root regeneration at four levels of indole butyric acid IBA (0.05, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.5 mg/l). Results showed that at NAA 0.05 mg/l + BAP 0.07 mg/l supplements in MS medium significantly effective in callus induction and days to callus in cotyledon and for both cotyledon and hypocotyl were observed. For shoot reg...
Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1
...ted peak accumulation of phenols and defense related enzymatic antioxidants. Highest enzymatic activity was observed in treated plants followed by inoculation with MYMV. Increase in resistance by the application of SA and BTH, antioxidant enzymatic activities of SOD, POD, CAT were also increased for second week. This revealed that SA and BTH can be used as a potential source for the activation of resistance for better management of MYMV by improving protection...
Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo
...his study was to perform physico-chemical and microbial analysis of drinking water samples of different areas of Rawalpindi. The water samples were collected into sterile containers from the different localities of Rawalpindi such as Dhokekala khan, Morgah, Scheme-III, Gulshandadan khan, Satellite town, Dhoke kashmirian, Pandora, Bahria town, University campus (Mehr water) and Air Port. The pH of PMAS-AAUR campus water ( Mehr Water) was found within WHO recomm...
Zhiwen Zou, Jianfei Xi, Fen Chen, Rui Xu, Tianrong Xin and Bin Xia*
...ad from GenBank. And the phylogenetic relationship between the Amblyseiinae genus and the subspecies was studied. The results showed that four species of Kampimodromus and two species of Euseius clustered into two different branches, but the branch of 8 species of Amblyseius and Neoseiulus was chaotic. It indicated that the species of Neoseiulus and Amblyseius should be assigned carefully. The results could not only re...
Juan Augusto Hernández-Rivera1, Jaime Molina-Ochoa2,*, Luis Jorge García-Márquez1, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo1, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán1, Arturo César García-Casillas1 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...le to suffer behavioral, physiological and reproductive damages due heat stress. Breeding searching for tolerant heat stress genes and their incorporation in crossbreeding programs has gained interest in dairy cattlemen concerned by the global warming and greenhouse effect in the environment. This review shows and update of the crossbreeding in dairy cattle in both hemispheres. Here, is reviewed the effect of heat stress on ...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2,*, Muhammad Jafir1, Muhammad Wajid Javed1, Sumaira Maqsood3 and Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*
...s obtained in gel electrophoresis amplified PCR fragments from all DCB species at 710 bp. The sequencing results and phylogenetic analysis with sequences submitted at NCBI database revealed that DCB have 99-100% similarity with Oxycarenus hyalinipennis OH1 (JQ342987.1), Oxycarenus hyalinipennis OH2 (JQ342988.1) reported from USA. This is the first report of molecular identification and DNA barcoding of Oxyca...
Liqin Liu, Maoting Wang, Zhenming Lü, Li Gong*, ChangWen Wu, Baoying Guo and Lihua Jiang
...>The cuttlefish Sepia pharaonis, known for its economic value, is distributed in the tropical coastal waters of the Indo-pacific region. In this study, we developed twenty-one microsatellite loci for S. pharaonis through next-generation sequencing technology. A total of 100 alleles were detected, and the number of alleles per loci ranged from 2 to 9. The observed and expected heterozygosities per loci ranged fr...
Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1
...ogenic strains. However, phylogenetic analysis revealed clustering of all tested strains within sub-genotype VIg. Three isolates were assessed for pathogenicity based upon the mean death time (MDT), the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) and the intravenous pathogenicity index (IVPI) in chicken. The ICPI and MDT revealed that all tested isolates were of moderate virulence (Mesogenic) in chickens. Mature chickens showed no clinical signs or death as asses...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...Atomic Absorption spectrophotometer and antioxidant capacity was measured in terms of catalase activity in the gills, liver, kidney, muscles and brain. Among the fish species, C. mrigala accumulated significantly higher concentration of all metals as compared to L. rohita and C. catla. Bioaccumulation of all metals among the organs followed the order: liver>gills>kidney>brain>muscles, however, metals followed the trend for thei...
Muhammad Usman Ahmadand Ikram-ul-Haq*
...S1, Akkermansia muciniphila, Bilophila wadsworthia, and Roseburia intestinalis) were selected as experimental models for this purpose. Significant improvement in cell density of Anaerobaculum hydrogeniformans culture with maximum OD600nm of 0.80±0.0017 reached after 4 days of incubation when oxyrase used as reducing agent, and maximum OD600nm 0.65±0.0016 in pres...
Ajmal Khan Kassi1,*, Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...s is often attributed to physical, morphological, physiological, biochemical, molecular and genetic characteristics of the plants. As the information about the relationship between physico-morphic characteristics of commercially grown okra cultivars and resistance or susceptibility to Helicoverpa armigera is lac...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...up>th generation cephalosporin and carbapenems is an issue of high importance. Present study was aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MBL producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) isolated from clinical specimens. A clinical descriptive study was conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2016 to January 2017. A total of 152 clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological meth...
Hua-Lun Luo, Yi-Yu Zhang*, Yuan-Yu Qin and Lei Wu
S. Justin Carlus1,*, Atiyeh M Abdallah1,2, Abdulhadi H. Al-Mazroea1, Mazen Khalid Al-Harbi3 and Khalid M Al-Harbi1
...i>MTHFR) gene polymorphisms and CHD and DS co-inheritance in patients from Al Madinah, Saudi Arabia. MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131 polymorphisms were genotyped in 99 CHD patients with or without DS and 126 ethnically matched controls by allelic discrimination. Of 99 patients with CHD, 26 had DS. MTHFR rs1801133 and rs1801131genotypes and alleles were not significantly different between controls and CHD pati...
Rishen Liang*, Meng Zhou, Zhenxiang Lin, Guozhang Li, Yuan Chen, Xuan Lin and Zaohe Wu
...riental sweetlips) in morphology. In order to investigate the validity of two species at the molecular level, complete mitochondrial genomes of the two species were first determined. The genomes were 16,546 bp (P. orientalis) and 16,545 bp (P. vittatus) in size, respectively, which both consisted of a typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and one noncoding control region. Genomic composition, ...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
... Transrectal ultrasonography (TRUS) was performed on all cows on days 30 and 40 after AI. Measurements were carried out on 9 cows whose pregnancy was confirmed and 9 cows whose embryonic mortality (EM) was determined. In PAG-Serum, there was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05, P <0.01) between the measurements on 40th day when EM was detected and on the 28th and 32nd days of pregnancy. In the PAG-Milk and PSPB-serum tes...
Sabi-Ur-Rehman1, Anwar Khalid2, Qazi Najam Us Saqib3, Farooq Ahmad1, Shaheed-Ur-Rehman4, Neelam Zaman3, Ayeza Mehmood5 and Abdul Samad6*
...bition respectively. The phytochemical analysis of leaves and roots extracts revealed the presence of alkaloids, saponins, cardiac glycosides, tannins, phenols and flavonoids etc. It is concluded that S. saligna crude extracts as well as crude saponins exhibit broad antimicrobial spectrum against various disease-causing microbes. ...
Umar Farooq Gohar1, Hamid Mukhtar1,*, Ali Nawaz1, Ikram-ul-Haq1 and Asad Mehmmood2
...as performed to optimize physical parameters for the maximum production of antibiotic (cephalosporin) by isolated fungal strain Acremonium chrysogenum (IIB-10). The strain IIB-10 was cultivated on medium containing (%, w/v): Baker’s flour, 1.5; corn meal, 2; Methyl oleate, 1.6; calcium carbonate, 0.3 and ammonium sulphate, 0.1. The cultural conditions such as incubation temper...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abdual Rauf Shakoori2, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub3, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Sehrish Firyal1, Zaheer Hussain4 and Munir Ahmad5
...ase from Thermotoga naphthophila. PCR using the genomic DNA of T. naphthophila as template resulted in amplification of 1 kb cellulase gene. The amplified cellulase gene was cloned in pTZ57R/T and sub-cloned in pET28a. The expression of recombinant cellulase was analyzed using BL21 CodonPlus (DE3) cells as expression host. The expression st...
Liyan Zhang1,2, Zhidong Zhou1,3, Haiping Li1,2, Yanlong Qiao4, 5 and Yueping Zhang1,3,*
...te the historical demography of Scomber japonicus collected from four geographical locations in the Taiwan Strait and its adjacent waters. The results of genetic diversity and genetic structure analysis of S. japonicus showed that these four populations exhibited moderate genetic diversity across the sampled geographical range of the species. However, no
Doğukan Ölmez1 and Gonca Alak2,*
...ce thin layer chromatography (HPTLC) method. As a result of the analyses, it was observed that there were 9 protein bands in the muscle and 7 protein bands in the visceral organs, and the volume increases were observed in protein amounts in the hydrolysates depending on time. In addition, as the lipid profile, cholesterol ester (CE), triacylglycerol (TAG), free fatty acids (FFA), cholesterol (CHOL), monoacylglycerol (MAG), diacylglycerol (DAG) and
Marian Kuczaj1, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*, Alicja Mizera1, Renata Pilarczyk2, Bogumiła Pilarczyk3 and Patryk Barton1
...f rearing heifers of the phf red-white variety. The research included 133 cows and heifers and their offspring, i.e. 116 calves only from single pregnancies. The calves were weighed and the zoometric measurements were carried out on the day of birth, at the age of 1 month and 6 months, and daily increments were calculated in the analyzed periods. Data regarding cows included: BCS condition, body weight, height at the back, hip width, order of calving, a...
Yang Liu1, Jing-xin Mao2, Xiao-dong Wei2, Man Yi2, Xiao-long Zhang2, Ke Zheng3, Xian-xin Chen4, Guo-Ze Wang5 and Bing-bo Chen1,*
...that the counts of neutrophils, white blood cells, and monocytes was significantly decreased in the lactobacillus BFA group than the control group (P<0.05); neutrophil was reduced in bacillus BFA group than the control group significantly (P<0.05). Compared to the control group, total protein, albumin, and albumin/globulin ratio were increased in lactobacillus BFA group. The total bilirubin decreased significantly (P&l...
Iqra Bano1,*, Moolchand Malhi2, Pershotam Khatri3, Saeed Ahmed Soomro2, Hira Sajjad4, Ambreen Leghari5, Muhammad Awais2, Safia Kandhro6 and Shakeel Ahmed Lakho5 and Munaza Soomro7
...mpared to C. The histomorphological studies revealed that the height of the germinal epithelium was significantly higher in SY as compared to C. Although the diameter of seminiferous tubule and thickness of the basal membrane were not significantly different in both groups. The serum glutathione peroxidase (GPx) activity as well the testicular GPx activity was significantly increased in SY as compared to C. Furthermore, the serum T-SOD activity was significant...
Owen Flanagan, Mona Letourneau and Wenqing Zhao
...s and well-being. Philosophers and social scientists are attempting to provide precise definitions of ‘happiness’ and ‘well-being’, distinguish between happiness and well-being, taxonomize the varieties of each, and develop useful metrics for measuring happiness and well-being. The 2018 World Happiness Report (http://worldhappiness.report/ed/2018/), like its predecessors since 2012, ranks countries – now 156 – in terms of ov...
Catherine J. Allen
...ergy), with particular emphasis on values and ontological orientations that are generally consistent across the Andean ethnographic and ethnohistorical record. Underlying this vocabulary is a mindset that prioritizes relationships over individual agency; this entails connections among a multitude of human as well as other-than-human persons and necessitates collective work in which everything contributes to keeping the colle...
James Maffie
...render to despair, Aztec philosophers (tlamatinimeh) responded with what they called toltecayotl or “the art of living wisely and well.” Toltecayotl enjoined humans to pursue balance in all matters, ranging from how they treated themselves and other humans to how they treated the countless other-than-human agents populating their living world. Humans attained balance in two principal ways, both of w...
Tahira Moeen Khan* and Amat ul Mateen
...l and expensive chemical/physical methods. A cheaper, simple to perform method giving high yield without by products is employed here. The leaf extract act both as reducing and capping agent. The atomic absorption shows a linear curve between concentration and absorbance. The uv-vis spectrum revealed the shift of absorption towards longer wavelength with the increasing concentration of plant extract. XRD indicates CuO Nps particle size is in between 14-20 nm. ...
Madeeha Khalid and Amtul Jamil Sami*
...longs to a highly polymorphic gene family whose members contain regions of very similar conserved sequences making this gene a challenging candidate to analyze. Almost 90% of the sequence of growth hormone gene family members is similar and prone to single nucleotide variations. The sequence variation occurring in the non-coding region of the GH-1 gene leads to altered transcriptional regulation causing various developmental defects in humans. In this report, ...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
...ultistriata, is an amphibian that is widely distributed in Guizhou Province, China. In this study, we determined the diversity and phylogeography of 10 geographic populations (252 individuals) from Tongren, Guizhou Province using 516-bp sequences of the mitochondrial D-Loop region. In total, 63 polymorphic sites, i...
Zafrullah Khan* and Shah Alam Khan
...st of potato, feeding on phloem tissues of leaves of potato plant and significantly reduces the yield of potato. Antixenosis experiments were performed to assess the resistance potential of eight different potato cultivars against M. persicae under glasshouse conditions for three different durations of time (12, 24 and 48 hours) during spring and autumn potato growing seasons of 2016. Both the experiments were conducted using a completely randomized design. Ea...
John Ogunsola1*, Richard E. Antia2, Benjamin O. Emikpe2 and Olajumoke A. Morenikeji3
...als included reptiles, amphibians, aves and mammals, with both sexes placed in the same enclosure with some degree of access to one another. Among mammals, survival rates of neonates ranged from 0% in Dorcas gazelles (Gazella dorcas; n=2) to 100% in Green monkeys (Chlorocebus sabaeus; n=2) and Patas monkeys (Erythrocebus patas; n=3), and crocodiles (Crocodylus niloticus; n=32). Muscovy ducks (Cairina moschata), black cobra (Naja nigricollis) and lions (Panther...
Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah
... expenditures and demographic characteristics were considered for analysis. The uncompensated own price elasticity for milk, fruits, and baked products is greater than unity which suggests that these food groups are highly responsive to their own price change. Prices of these food products should be kept constant. Imposition of any sale tax could create a huge loss in consumption for these commodities. Milk, meat, fruits, other cereals, tea and coffee and bake...
Alexus McLeod
...of growth as well as metaphysical and ethical renewal, as demonstration of the interrelatedness of phenomena, and as an aspect of personal survival.
...
Jesse Butler
...ultural analyses often emphasize differences between worldviews. While there are significant differences across the diverse ways that humanity has understood itself, the tendency to emphasize differences can obscure important and revealing commonalities between worldviews as well. The goal of this article is to identify one such commonality among indigenous worldviews and their capacity to address our collective ecological w...
Seth Ligo
...role of invisible or metaphysical neighbors who are understood to inhabit Varaṇasi, and who are regularly engaged by the city’s residents. While some were residents who became transhistorical, and others have descended from myth to dwell in the sacred city, the ability to live well and flourish in Varaṇasi relies upon participation in social networks that extend to members beyond the contemporary and the mundane.
...
Christine Jeske
...ricans. Based on ethnographic fieldwork, I describe how testimonies—brief spontaneous personal accounts of changes in life circumstances such as employment and health—allow people to navigate the seemingly contradictory moral narratives saying that they should “help themselves” and also “wait on God and not take shortcuts.” I argue that churches are useful sites for attaining well-being in South Africa not only because they ...
Kathryn Phillips and Katherine L. Schaefer
...es. Some popular Western philosophical views attempt to do so by focusing on the subjective phenomena of desires and preferences, thereby ostensibly avoiding complicated questions about metaphysical commitments; similarly, clinical conceptions aim to be metaphysically neutral. We test these notions of well-being by inv...
Ellen Y. Zhang
...ative expressions in his philosophy. Zhuangzi’s claim that “The perfect happiness is derived from the absence of happiness” designates two key arguments: (1) Happiness cannot be designed and measured, and (2) There is no single fixed notion of happiness and meaning-making. In conclusion, I attempt to show that flow experiences, in the context of Zhuangzi’s Daoism, point to a fluid and creative mind th...
Ai Yuan
...gzi requires one to uphold a form of courage (yong 澹) which requires one to willingly accept what is beyond human control without regret, anger, and useless struggle. Through this courage, one can participate in one’s life without avoiding its challenges. By demonstrating how and why one’s courage to accept uncontrollable situations provides a means to live a good life, the Zhuangzi presents us a different understanding of well-...
Tung-Yi Kho
...ome 30-months of ethnographic field research in China’s feted Special Economic Zone of Shenzhen, I examine here two competing visions and practices of the “good life” in contemporary China. I have labeled these the Modernist and the Relationist practices of the good life respectively. Although Chinese conceptions of the good life at the level of the state and of the general populace are today explicitly dominated by the project of modernizati...
Jennifer Mei Sze Ang
... of well-being studies emphasizing autonomy. It shows that the strand of well-being which places good mood and satisfaction as central goals of a happy life are projects of bad faith, and that authenticity promotes a more fundamental notion of freedom than the conceptualization of a meaningful life based on autonomy. Finally, it argues that existentialists can be happy by showing that negative emotions play an essential role in how we apprehend and respond to ...
Sasha S. Euler
...posed by the Hellenistic philosopherEpicurus provides broader, more inclusive categories and concepts which can be used to explain and possibly harmonize assumptions from particular traditions....
Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3
...s such as NPK (nitrogen, phosphorus, calcium). A vermicomposting system using the earthworm species (Eisenia fetida) and treating it with cattle dung, pig manure and biochar with crop (wheat straw and rapeseed) waste was established in upland areas of China. It was monitored for two months. Four treatments (T1 to T4) were prepared using crop residues i.e. wheat straw, rapeseed and cow manure in different concen...
Adile Tatliyer1,*, Sinan Bas1 and Serdar Yagci2
...ght from 12 different morphological traits measured from Savak Akkaraman lambs at three different periods (average 11 days after birth, weaning and at the beginning of grazing) using factor scores in multiple linear regressions to remove multicollinearity problem. Morphological data obtained from 159 lambs were subjected to Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin (KMO) and Bartlett’s Sphericity tests ...
Shafique Ahmed Memon1,6, Arif Ali1*, Mehar-un-Nisa Narejo2, Ghulam Khaliq3, Imran Ali Rajput4, Muhammad Adeel1, Khalil Ahmed Memon5, Dzolkhifli Omar6, Muhammad Rashid7 and Abdul Rasool5
...he suitability of three aphid species on the pre-imaginal development of three species of green lacewings. Developmental stages of three different species of green lacewings, Chrysoperla nipponensis, Plesiochrysa ramburi and Apertochrysa sp. were provided with three different prey species, Aphis craccivora, Rhopalosiphum maidis and Corcyra cephalonica un...
Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2
...xt-align: justify;">Macrophomina phaseolina causing charcoal rot of sunflower is major fungal pathogen which can survive for months to years in soil and also over season in the seed. Therefore, population density and their aggressiveness to cause the disease is playing critical role for management of this pathogen. For such purpose colony forming units (cfu) per gram of soil and seed were determined and capability of previou...
Muqader Shah1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Saima Masood2, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Salahud Din1, Shakirullah3, Imad Khan2, Ambrina Tariq4 and Habib ur Rehman5
Arjumand Nizami1, Jawad Ali1 and Muhammad Zulfiqar2*
... water, houses and other physical infrastructure. In order to overcome these losses, communities apply short-term coping strategies by spending limited means and hard-earned cash reserves. These unsustainable strategies further exacerbate vulnerabilities and give way to new ones. Taking empirical example of Chitral, the study recommends to formulate policies and encourage investment to substitute short term coping strategies with long term climate change adapt...
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Yasir Iftikhar2, Samina Khalid3, Zahoor Hussain4, Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6 and John E. Foster6
Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*
...single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) genotypic frequency among different clinico-pathological features in Pakistani breast cancer patients. Newly diagnosed 300 breast cancer women from different areas of Punjab visiting Institute of Nuclear Medicine and Oncology Lahore were included in this study. Different clinico-pathological features were described. Vitamin D levels were determined and VDR FokI and TaqI SNPs were analyzed. Among different cl...
Abdul Khaliq1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Akhlaq Ahmad2 and Yasir Iftikhar3
...> (Fabricius) and Sitophilus oryzae (Linnaeus) were tested against phosphine and bio fumigants to check their fitness and potential following by F1 generation. Phosphine fitness in term of mortality mean calculated at 300 ppm was minimum against weevil but highly effective against red flour beetle after 24hours while, at 400ppm showed s...
Xu Lijie, Obaid Ullah, Liu Haixing, Ihsan Ali, Zhongshu Li* and Nan-Zhu Fang*
Shaher Bano1, Nadia Naseem2 and Sarah Ghafoor1,*
...sforming growth factor-alpha (TGF-α) is a mitogen polypeptide that regulates the pre and post-natal development, structure and function of salivary glands. The localization of TGF-α in post-natal submandibular gland (SMG) of rats and humans is well-studied.However, less is known regarding post-natal sublingual salivary gland (SLG) development and expression of TGF-&al
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2 and Muhammad Anjum Zia3
Jawaria Shaheen1, Samiah Shahid1, Sabahat Shahzadi2, M. Waheed Akhtar1,3 and Saima Sadaf1,*
... by SPSS, medcalc and Graphpad prism software. Area under curve analysis was used to get diagnosis outcome of selected miRNA panel. Upregulation of miRNA panel (mir-376c, mir-155, mir-17a and mir-10b) has been seen in the plasma samples of TNBC patient´s samples relative to non-TNBC control samples. The scatter plots and other statistical analysis have given differences in expression of four miRNA panel with significant p-value (p< 0.001), respectivel...
Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1
...f bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes kept at different localities in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. The possible risk factors inquired from farmers were animal type, breeds, urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area, lactating stage and previous exposure of mastitis. Initially surf field mastitis test (SFMT) was applied for screening subclinical mastitis followed by bacteriolog...
Saleha Gul1,2, Muhammad Khisroon2, Ajmal Khan2, Attaullah1, Saira Gul3 and Gul Nabi Khan1,4,*
... of tobacco smoke on peripheral lymphocytes of active and passive smokers. Blood samples were isolated from 100 males’ including 25 active-, 25 passive- and 50 non-smokers. Alkaline comet assay was done and classes were defined on the basis of comet tail length. Significant differences were found in total comet score (TCS) among different groups (p˂0.05). The TCS value of active smokers were significantly incre...
Şaban Çelebi
...of dietary vitamin-E (α-tocopherol acetate), selenium (selenomethionine) and their combination on Se concentration in liver, heart, kidney and breast muscle. In addition, malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration and enzyme activities of glutathioneperoxidase (GSH-Px), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in liver, heart, breast and thigh tissues of laying hens were determined in present study. A total of 96 White L...
Huma Khalil1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Sajjad Khalil1, Farghama Khalil2 and Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel1
...subfamilies (Alysiinae, Aphidiinae, Braconinae, Microgastrinae and Opiinae), 12 genera and 16 species were collected. Out of them, two genera and 12 species were recorded for the first time from this area. Aphidiinae contains 1,107 individuals which showed that it’s a dominant braconid subfamily while Opiinae (209) was the least dominant. The richness of braconid parasitoids in different localities of Sargodha was also...
Jie Yang
...an PGLYRP1 because neutrophils are a more dominant mechanism in human host defense. Related research results show the functions of human PGLYRP1 in the innate immunity of neutrophils is to conducive to the killing of intracellular and extracellular bacteria. Bactericidal activity of human PGLYRP-1, PGLYRP-3, PGLYRP-4, and PGLYRP-3:4 for both Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria require Zn2+. In addition, for k...
Attaur Rahman1, Sadeeq ur Rahman1,*, Ashfaq Ahmad2, Abdul Sajid1, Muhammad Asif Hussain1, Mian Muhammad Salman1, Niamat Ullah Khan1, Kamran Khan3, Fazli Rabbani1, Muhammad Akbar Shahid4, Irshad Ahmad5 and Shakoor Ahmad6
...patomegaly, hepatitis, nephritis and spleenomegaly. Altogether, albeit, FAdV-4 caused similar symptoms and lesions in ostriche, however, mortality remained comparatively lower....
Asad Sultan1, Rabia Ali1, Rifat Ullah Khan2,*, Sarzamin Khan1, Naila Chand1 and Ambrina Tariq3
...y assessed the impact of phytase on enhancing the nutrient retention and phosphorus utilization in two different sorghum cultivars fed to broiler. In an open sided house, a total of 160, 14-days-old broilers were allotted to four dietary bioassay treatments and fed mash red and white sorghum grain with or without phytase enzyme (500 FTU/kg) for 12 days (...
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
...on an agarose gel electrophoresis and scoring of bands was performed. Phylogenetic tree was constructed by UPGMA method to determine the genetic similarity among the horse breeds. Thoroughbred and Arab horse breeds showed a higher similarity with Pakistani indigenous breeds, suggesting that these two exotic breeds had contributed significantly in the development of indigenous horse breeds of Pakistan. One set of primers OPL-7 revealed a polymor
Ihsan Ullah Khan*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan, Muhammad Ashraf, Ashiq Saleem, Sundas Awan, Samra Azam and Shamim Ul Sibtain Shah
...sis on different Agro-morphological traits in sunflower hybrids. Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) was used with three replications. The experimental material consisted of nine hybrids, six inbred lines and a commercial check (Hysun-33). The recorded data on days to flowering initiation (DFI), days to flowering completion (DFC), days to maturity (DM), plant height (PHT, cm), stem thi...
Ahmed Ali Samejo* and Riffat Sultana*
...to the useful plants. Morphology and morphometry of immatures of desert locust in relation to gaining of body length and weight at each consecutive stage was carried out for the purpose of investigating the role of immatures in destruction of plants in Thar Desert, Sindh. Hatchlings of solitarious S.gregaria were light green at the time of emergence, but turned over to black with yellow strips after two hours of hatch...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
...ng activation. In normal physiological conditions, it is activated by upstream signals when the GTP is exchanged with GDP. Playing an important role in regulation of differentiation and cell growth, RasGTPases behave as genetic switches. This transient process of GAP-mediated GTP hydrolysis becomes altered when the Kras gene is mutated. The most common Kras mutations are found in codon 12 and 13 and 61. Some other noncanonical mutations have been reported in c...
Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi and Jalaluddin Azam Khan
...reatment of childhood lymphomas and leukaemia. However, the glutaminase activity of enzyme can cause serious side-effects triggering a search for highly specific and more stable enzyme. In the present study the gene consisting of 972bp coding for 323 amino acids was PCR amplified from Geobacillus thermodenitrificans DSM-465 was PCR amplified and recombinant plasmid pET22b-Asn was prepared. L-asparaginase was produced in BL21 (DE3) RIL codon plus strain ...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
...ses.
...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...led multidrug resistance phenotypes among K. pneumoniae isolates with higher prevalence of ESBL producing Klebsiella pneumoniae among the children with urinary tract infections. Based on our findings, it is recommended that the ESBL production should be routinely monitored especially among the K. pneumoniae strains for the effective management and control of such MDR pathogens.
...
Ragia S. Mohamed1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mamdouh. M. Hamoud1, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shimaa A.E. Nasr1, Manal M. Zaki1, ElShaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*
...hment technique. Cell morphology were observed using an inverted microscope, and MDSCs proliferation pattern were determined through growth curve analyses. MDSCs were identified by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and the immunofluorescence antibody invoved Sca-1, CD34, CD144, Desmin and CD45 which are the makers of MDSCs. Finally, MDSCs were induced into Adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neuron-like cells by the optimized inducing medium. After the two-...
Zhaochao Deng1, Jingchen Chen1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...was sequenced. 17 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 7 haplotypes in the South China Sea population. Contrary to heterogeneous expectation, AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed that the genetic differences in this region were all non-significant. The pattern of population demography showed a stable model in this species in the South China Sea population. To reveal its population structure within the l...
Zhaochao Deng1, Na Song2, Yongzhen Li3, Tianxiang Gao1 and Zhiqiang Han1,*
...China Sea and 107 polymorphic sites were obtained defining 39 haplotypes. Based on the NJ tree, two distinct lineages were detected, with strong frequency differences in the geographical distribution. Both lineages were found in Xisha and Zhongsha archipelagos, but only one lineage (lineage B) was detected in Nansha archipelago. Contrary to homogenization expectation, AMOVA and pairwise FST values showed th...
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
Muhammad Nasir1,*, Ata-ul-Mohsan2, Munir Ahmad2, Shafqat Saeed3, Muhammad Asif Aziz2, Muhammad Imran4 and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh4
...vity period and solitary phase of development. Results showed that survival rate and colony initiation rate of the queen was highest at 28 ºC and 30 ºC. Different parameters in the initial stage of colony growth like pre-oviposition period and emergence timing of the first worker were observed best at 28 and 30 ºC. Number of workers produced in the first brood and in the total lifespan of the colony was also observed higher at 28 ºC. Higher...
Saud Khan and Inamullah*
...ext-align: justify;">Phosphorus (P) if applied in proper quantity in soil with appropriate tillage implement may enhance oil and grain yield of sunflower. In this regard, an experiment was conducted to evaluate the impact of phosphorus (P) levels and tillage instruments on grain and oil yield of sunflower at Agronomy Research Farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar (Pakistan) during...
Fukuan Du1,2, Yongkai Tang1, Juhua Yu1, Shengyan Su1, Fan Yu1, Jianlin Li1, Hongxia Li1, Meiyao Wang1 and Pao Xu1,2,*
... were found to be polymorphic and showed bi-allelic in 60 individuals of C. nasus. These SSR markers should not only be useful for population conservation, but also for construction of genetic linkage map and economic performance improvement of C. nasus.
...
Fady Samir1, Rania F. El Naggar2, Mohamed M. Hamoud3, Manal M. Zaki1, Abdulrhman M. Gamal1, Samah E. Laban1, Shaimaa A. E. Nasr1, El Shaimaa Ismael1, Osama K. Zahran1*
...her chemically through haphazard usage of medications and or biologically through massive use of homologous/heterologous vaccines especially the live ones. The aim of the current work is to estimate the persistence time for velogenic Newcastle disease virus (NDV) of genotype VII in poultry manure in compare to LaSota vaccine strain as a model of genotype II. Velogenic NDV of genotype VII are a major threat to the Egyptian poultry industry since 2011 onwards wi...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Wardah Hassan3, Moazama Batool4, Shakeela Perveen5, Sadia Maalik4 and Sajida Mushtaq4
...e (endosulfan) and organophosphate (chlorpyrifos) investigated on the activity of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase and glutathione S-transferase in different organs (liver, gills, kidney, brain, heart and muscle) of fish, Labeo rohita. The LC50 of chlorpyrifos+endosulfan mixture was calculated as 1.95±0.02 μgL-1 for 96 h with the 95% confidence limits....
Fan Yi1,2, Xiaobin Yang1, Shigen Ye1, Hua Li1 and Ruijun Li1,*
...ry markedly increase peripheral leukocytes count, serum lysozyme activity, phagocytic rate, phagocytic index, respiratory burst activity of head kidney cells, compared with the basal feed group (P<0.05 or P<0.01). The challenge test results also showed that the 0.5% and 1% HCT feeding had higher immune protection against Edwarsiella tarda infection; and the relat...
Aisha Khalid1, Muhammad Tayyab1,*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Tahir Yaqub2, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Sehrish Firyal1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori3
...ase from Thermotoga naphthophila using BL21-CodonPlus (DE3) cells as expression host and pET28a as expression vector. Effect of various concentration of Isopropyl β-D-1-thiogalactopyranoside (IPTG), post induction time, effect of temperature and pH were examined for the maximal production of recombinant cellulase. The effect of supplementation of LB medium with additional carbon and nitrogen sources was also anal...
Fakhra Soomro1,*, Riffat Sultana2 and Muhammad Saeed Wagan2
...e of bands.
...
Muhammad Adnan Islam1,2*, Muhammad Iqbal2, Zia-ul-Haq2,3, Muhammad Mohsin Ali1, Hafiz Sultan Mahmood1, Shabbir Ahmed Kalwar1, Liaqat Ali Shahid1, Badar Munir Khan Niazi1 and Muzammil Husain1
Javed Asghar Tariq1*, Bashir Ahmed2, Manzoor Ali Abro2, Muhammad Ismail1, Muhammad Usman Asif1 and Raza Muhammad1
...The isolation from rhizospheric soil was done by dilution plate technique. Among isolated isolates, 6 representative colonies were purified, multiplied and characterized using light microscopy and other biochemical tests. The bacteria were tentatively identified as Pseudomonas, Streptomyces, Bacillus and Micrococus. These bacteria were checked for their antagonistic activity against Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. alium cepa. They all were found to inhibit fungus sho...
Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi*
... and epidemiology, geographical distribution and strategies for the disease management viz., exploitation of host plant resistance, cultural, physical, chemical and biological control. Studies on pathogen variation have revealed that breeding with single major gene for resistance may be unsuccessful due to breakdown in resistance. Up to this extent, multi cropping using resistant varieties appears to be better option for the...
Gulnaz Saleem1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Nouman Rashid2 and Mehar un Nisa Narejo3
...(P<0.05) variation in physico-chemical characteristics of four lentil varieties. The NIA-Masoor variety showed higher values for ash, fat and fiber (3.02%, 3.02% and 10.99%) respectively. Whereas; PM-09 possessed higher moisture (13.89%); though Masoor-93 was higher in protein content (25.16%) than all other varieties. The supplementation resulted in a significant increase in protein, fat, crude fiber and ash contents of the biscuits. The thickness and spre...
Zahra Nazir1, Saba Ijaz1, Roquyya Gul2 and Mahjabeen Saleem1,*
...ate, gel filtration on Sephadex G-75 column and ion exchange on Q-Sepharose column chromatography. Polygalacturonase was recognised as a protein with 47kDa molecular weight by SDS-PAGE. The optimum pH of purified polygalacturonase activity was found to be 4.5 and stable within pH range 3.5-5.5. Temperature dependent studies revealed temperature optimum of enzyme to be 40°C and stable u...
Aziz Ur Rahman* and Syed Mehar Ali Shah
...aterial was planted in alpha lattice design using three replications across different locations namely Peshawar, Swat, Manshera and Charsadda of the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of Pakistan during 2017. Pooled analysis of variance indicated significant (p≤0.01) differences among the environments, genotypes and GEI for spikelets panicle-1, grains panicle-1, 1000-grain weight and grain yield. Across four locations, AUP-30 showed the highest number of spikelets...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
...lay a prominent role in aphid management. It exploits several different cues released by plants to increase the efficiency of foraging. Aphid endoparasitoid, Diaeretiella rapae (McIntosh) (Hymenoptera: Braconidae) have an ability to locate itshosts by responding to odours from aphid hostplants or by visual searching.The treatments with different combinations of plant extracts and se...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...cells like pancreas, oesophagus and lungs. This study aims to determine the role of TA in cell viability and apoptosis in glioma cells (T-98G) and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). In our study, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM doses of TA were applied to T-98G and LNCaP cell lines for periods of 24 and 48 h. Subsequent cell vitality was tested with MTT Atest. The effective doses were analysed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR techni...
Abid Hussain1,2, Farida Ahmed3, Shyamali C. Dharmage4, Shafiq ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam5 and Zaigham Abbas1,*
...ents with diverse demographics, suffering from allergic diseases and sensitization to different allergens majorly aero allergens indicating poor indoor and outdoor air quality. This demands more public health facilities, and strict environmental regulations of air quality to manage allergic diseases in Pakistan.
...
Fraza Ijaz1*, Umair Riaz2, Shazia Iqbal3, Qamar uz Zaman4, Muhammad Furqan Ijaz5, Hina Javed1, Muhammad Amjad Qureshi1, Zuhra Mazhar3, Ahmad Hassan Khan6, Hassan Mehmood7 and Ijaz Ahmad8
Muhammad Sohail1*, Asad Sultan2, Said Sajjad Ali Shah3, Muhammad Sajid1 and Adnan Khan4
...y wheat and sorghum. The phytic acid contents were found highest in both varieties of sorghum (0.85% and 0.87% respectively) as compared to the wheat varieties (0.78 % and 0.80%) and corn varieties (0.72 % and 0.71 respectively). Retention and digestibility of OM from maize cultivars was higher (0.841 and 0.836 respectively) followed by wheat varieties (0.811 and 0.806 respectively) while the sorghum varieties (0.782 and 0.779 respectively). The digestibility ...
Muhammad Usman Ghani1*, Muti Ur Rehaman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Zubair Shabbir2, Li Bo3 and Naveed Anwar4
...tum. Increase in WBC, lymphocytes, monocytes count while decrease in RBC, platelets count and Hb concentration in diseased animals representing hematological investigation. ...
Senol Celik
... variable by means of morphological measurements i.e. live body weight (LBW), body length (BL), withers height (WH), rump height (RH), belly girth (BG) and chest girth (CG) as continuous predictors from 130 Pakistan goats. Also, sex factor was included as a possible nominal predictor in the current study. To measure predictive performances of the tested algorithms, model evaluation criteria such as the correlation coefficient between actual and predicte...
Ailing Huang, Lingyu Meng, Wei Zhang, Junyan Liu, Guangyao Li, Huihua Tan, Wen Lu and Xialin Zheng*
Shengjie Zhou1,2, Pengfei Wang1,2, Chao Zhao1,2, Mingjun Fu3, Jian G. Qin4, Lihua Qiu1, Zhenhua Ma1, 4,* and Maoshang Lin1
Muhammad Ahmad, Zohaib Noor*, Karim Johar Khan, Waqar Younas and Ajmal Hussain
...as replaced with (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) H. molitrix as a surface feeder keeping other species the same as in group 1. At the end of experiment H. molitrix showed considerably high weight gain (P< 0.05) in group 2 as compare to column and bottom feeder fish species, conversely in group 1 higher weight gain was comparatively prominent in column and bottom while, C. catla showed low weight gain. Mean values of water qu...
Yuyu Wang, Gangchun Xu*, Zhijuan Nie, Quanjie Li, Nailin Shao and Pao Xu*
...nsferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), superoxide dismutase (SOD), cortisol and lysozyme in serum showed no significant differences between the two stocking groups (P>0.05). Fish reared at high stocking density had significant lower total protein (TP), cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG) and glucose (Glu) content in serum compared with those reared at low density on day 90 and 120 (P<0.05). In conclu...
Sun Hong1, Zhang Yifeng1, Wang Baishi2, Li Yangwei1, Xu Wenbo1, Mao Runkun1 and Wang Zhenglong1,*
...arding the evolutionary, physiological, and molecular basis of hypoxia-hypercapnia inmandarin voles.
...
Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Nisar2 and Muhammad Subhan1
...ers, only one was monomorphic, while the remaining were polymorphic. At average 2 alleles per locus were identified. The size of all alleles ranged from 210bp to 630 bp. Major allelic frequency fluctuated from 54.0% to 96.0%. An overall, the total No. of alleles per locus extended from 22 (PVBR 20) to 49 PvM053. Similarly, the frequency values oscillated from 0.06 of PVBR 20 to 0.14 of PvM053. The PIC values were ranged from...
Hassan Naveed1,2, Kamran Sohail2 and Yalin Zhang2*
...fhopper subfamily Deltocephalinae, Changwhania terauchii Matsumura (1915) n. rec., Linnavuoriella arcuata Hamilton (1980) n. rec. and Paralimnellus cingulatus Dlabola (1960) n. rec. are reported for the first time from Pakistan. All species are described and illustrated with habitus photographs. ...
Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3
...38mg/kg. The chrysene, naphthalene, flourenthene and Dibenz(a,h) anthracene concentrations were also found high in fish and mutton. The observed values were greater than permissible limits determined by Codex Alimentaurius and World Health Organization. High concentration of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons was observed in coal grilled meats. Anthracene content was found high in mutton meat and mean value was 12.50 µg/kg-1; flouernthene was assessed high in fis...
Bingbing Gao1, Na Song1, Zhonglu Li2, Tianxiang Gao3 and Liqin Liu3,*
...Haplotype network and NJ phylogenetic trees revealed that there was no distinctly geographical distribution pattern among the haplotypes. Furthermore, the mismatch distribution of pairwise nucleotide and the negatively selective neutrality test suggested that N. mannusella might have experienced a recent population expansion about 29, 000 years ago. The population expansion and coastal currents may be responsible for ...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...us (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) were 40.11 and 30.09%, respectively, in the said cropping system. Likewise, highest yield (kg/ plant) were produced by the plots having Apple + Trifolium intercrops (76.62±1.11), whilst minimum yield were attributed to Apple + Wheat (61.47±1.11) followed by sole (52.75±1.23). The results further confirmed that maximum yield losses (31.51%) were avoided by the intercrop Apple + Trifolium and gain in the yiel...
Hayat Zada1, Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1,*, Ijaz Ali2, Bashir Ahmad1, Abdul Waheed Khan2 and Shabeer Ahmad2
... 21 amplified 157 polymorphic bands in three populations. The mean gene frequency (f), genetic distance (I) and Shannon’s information index (h) for three populations were 1.336, 0.304 and 0.437, respectively. Nei’s unbiased measures of genetic identity and genetic distance revealed that higher genetic distance was observed among the isolates from Kalam and Madyan (97.87 %) whereas low genetic distance (35.58%) was calculated for C. pomonella...
Wang Zaigui1,*, Guo Panpan1, Ye Miao1, Sun Linghong1, Zhang Hongfu2 and Liu Chaoliang1,*
... diets were fed in three phases: 3rd instar, 4thinstar and 5th instar. Furthermore, 3 replications were maintained and 250 silkworm larvae were reared in each replication. Different growth parameters and cocoon parameters were measured at each stage of silkworm. With the aim to investigate the supplemental effects of B.subtilis on growth performances, cocoon quality and amylase activity of silkworm, Bombyx L, we got the fo...
Mehboob Arslan* and Xin Yang
...he viral pathogens. This phenomenon is a hotspot for investigations in order to improve the diagnosis and drug development of future antiviral therapeutics. In fact, metabolism is considered as a crucial player in the cascade of viral interactions, its modulation is essential to decide the final outcome of viral infection. Here, we concisely present how viruses alter the metabolic pathways for their own survival. ...
Iram Gull*, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam, Imran Tipu, Roohi Mushtaq and Muhammad Amin Athar
...PCR. The fusion of IFNα2b gene to the gene of human latency associated protein with insertion of HCV NS3 protease cleavage site at splicing junction is reported.
...
Sher Bahadar Khan1,2,*, Zou Geng1, Cheng Yu-ting1, Asad Sultan3, Mumtaz Ali4,5, Irshad Ahmad6 and Rui Zhou1
Syeda Ain-ul-Batool1, Sadia1, Kathrin Blasius2,3,4, Angela Kaindl2,3,4 and Ghazanfar Ali1,*
...rmalities, con-rod dystrophy, eyes exotropia, obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, and renal abnormalities. Few additional features of BBS also include delayed motor development, clumsiness, anosomia, ataxia, hypodontia, hearing impairment, hirschsprung disease, cardiovascular and liver disorders. So far 21 genes are reported that cause BBS (BBS1-BBS21). A consanguineous family having clinical symptoms of BBS9 is described in current study. Mutation was detecte...
Asma Yousafzai1,*, Muhammad Luqman2, Nisar Ahmed1, Muneeza Arbab1,Muhammad Murad1, Naheed Sajjad3, Sara Naudhani1, Shakeela Daud1, Abdul Hameed Baloch4, Khushnaseeb5, Sana Zahoor6, Zahid Rauf7, Muhammad Mohsin Javed6 and Jamil Ahmad1
Shamsudin Bojang1, Idris Abd Ghani2, Jugah Kadir1, Adamu Saidu Paiko1, Yasir Iftikhar3 and Muhammad Kamran3,4,*
...symptoms and SEM micrographs confirmed that the nematode isolate was M. graminis. Since this nematode has been known to damage the greens and other plants in other part of the world then the probability for the specie to adapt to other hosts other than the family of poaceae under Malaysian climate should not be discounted. Therefore, screening and restriction of movement of planting materials be observed critically.
...
Iqra Jaffar, Zainab Sehzadi, Muhammad Adeel, Khalid P. Lone and Mehwish Faheem*
...00μg/l) of di-n-butyl phthalate (DBP) for 7 days to evaluate oxidative stress in liver and gills by analyzing activity of glutathione-S-transferase (GST), catalase (CAT), glutathione (GSH) and by measuring lipid peroxidation (LPO). Catalase activity increased significantly in liver and gills of fish exposed to 10μg/l of DBP. Level of GSH and LPO increased significantly in gills while a non-significant decrease was recorded for GSH and GST in liver. These...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
...s. The allometric and morphometric characters were derived from the original descriptions. An up to date list of valid species of Quinisulcius along with illustrations and diagnostic key is provided. Detailed surveys of cereals, fruits and vegetables were conducted from district Hunza, Nager, Gilgit and Ghizer of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan during 2014-2016 to determine the temperature dependent property of Quinisulcius capitatus. About 280 root a...
Abid Hussain Shahzad1, Abdul Sattar1,*, Nasim Ahmad1, Ijaz Ahmad2, Deniz Nak3 and Yavuz Nak3
...gnosed using ultrasonography on d30, d60 and d90 post AI. Ovulatory follicle diameter was measured at timed AI and progesterone profile (ng/mL) on d30 and d60 post AI. Pregnancy rate was analyzed by Chi-square procedure while ovulatory follicle diameter and Progesterone profile by one way ANOVA (α=0.05). Ovulatory follicle diameter (Mean±SEM) was 15.19±0.17 (OVP0), 15.30±0.21 (OVP5) and 15.24&plusm...
Abdur Rauf Nizami*
...ed by a detailed petrographic analysis to ascertain its faunal assemblages in the Chichali Gorge Section. These investigations revealed that the limestones of this formation are a good repository of faunal fossils. The fossil contents found in the Samana Suk Formation display a wide range of faunal species. The documented species are comprised of: foraminifers, gastropods, pelecypods, bryozoans, echinoids, sponges, brachiopods, and corals.
...
Songhao Zhang1, Yiwen Gong1, Jian Xu1, Mou Hu2, Peng Xu3 and Yanliang Jiang1,2,4,*
...lays consumer-favored morphological traits such as red skin color and purse-shaped body form. However, the underlying genetic basis is less studied. In the present study, we utilized the powerful approach of comparative transcriptome analysis via high throughput sequencing, and examined transcriptome profiles of purse red carp by comparing with Yellow River carp, of which the skin color and body shape are quite similar to wild carp. A total of 434 million read...
Mohsan Iqbal1, Farid Asif Shaheen1, Rashid Mahmood2,*, Muhammad Khalid Rafique2, Imran Bodlah1, Farah Naz3 and Muhammad Usman Raja3
...and Xenorhabdus nematophila were studied as bio-control agents to manage this pest. In addition, percent conidial germination and % mortality of C. chinensis were also evaluated when B. bassiana was used with DEBBM. The minimum number of eggs (0.66 grain-1), number of holes (1 grain-1), number of F1 new emerged (5.6 jar-1), days to 100 percent mortality F1 (3), weight loss (4%), damage...
Hashim Ullah1, Abdur Rahman1, Rifat Ullah Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2 and Ambrina Tariq3, Shabana Naz4,*
...mate analysis. Wazirisheephad lower cholesterol as compared to Mazai. With the increasing BCS, the cholesterol content was significantly increased in both the breeds. The dressing percentage and crude protein were higher in Waziribut the fat content was found greater in Mazai. Similarly, females have higher average fat content as compared to males. In conclusion, from the health point of view, the mutton of Waziri breed had better nutritional contents compared...
Mehran Ahmad, Syed Attaullah Shah and Shahid Ali*
... budget constraint. Nitrophous and chemicals were over utilized as their allocative efficiencies were less than 1. The study recommends that government may provide subsidized inputs and interest free production credit to poor farmers for purchase of chemical fertilizers for optimal utilization of these inputs....
Muhammad Afzal1, Nighat Sultana1, Ali Hassan1, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah2,*, Mahroze Fatima3, Syed Makhdoom Hussain4, Muhammad Bilal5 and Majid Hussain2
...tric acid (CA) acidified phytase (PHY) pretreated soybean meal (SBM) based diet.Basal SBM based diet was supplemented with two levels of CA (0 and 2%) and two levels of microbial PHY (0 and1000 FTUkg-1) in factorial arrangement resulting in the formulation of four experimental diets. Chromic oxide (1%) was a...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Luqman and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
...ns against 2nd instar nymphs of D. mangiferae using standard twig-dip bioassay method according to Completely Randomized Design. Results showed that both factors i.e. insecticidal treatments (F 9, 245 = 146.90, P < 0.001) and time (F 4, 245 = 445.75, P < 0.01) and their interaction (F 36, 245 = 9.20, P < 0.001) had a significant effect on the mortality of mealybug nymphs. The most effective novel chemistry insectici...
Rabia Khalid1, Saleema Bashir Shams1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,*, Gaitee Joshua1, Saira Mushtaq1, Hassan Al-Talhi2 and Abdulaziz Al-Amri2
...e study. Associations of physical activity and sedentary behaviors with the tendencies of metabolic syndrome were evaluated. The experimental and laboratory values for BMI, total cholesterol (TC), total triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL) and fasting blood glucose (FBG) were used to demonstrate the incidence of metabolic syndrome. Overall, 39.025% of bank employees and 22.53% of randomly selected control individu...
Syeda Shazia Bokhari*, Ghashia Qayyum, Uzma Rafi and Aisha Waheed Qurashi
...biochemical tests and morphological characterization. Bacterial strains were screened and those showing positive results for their adherence ability, autoaggregation and coaggregation response were used for the vermicomposting process. Both of these strains were inoculated for vermicomposting and whole of the setup was maintained for 60 days.The results showed that microbes were characterised and identified as Bacillus cereus and Citrobacter freundii...
Xiaohui Yu, Shuai He, Liqiang Wang, Mengyang Kang, Yanjiao Zhu, Shuhui Wang and Xiuzhu Sun*
...lt; 0.05). Moreover, physiological indices of donkey semen were significantly higher than the control groups (P < 0.05) when Vitamin C (200 mg/L) and Vitamin E (200 mg/L) were present simultaneitily in the medium. Overall, the results suggested both antioxidants (Vitamin C and Vitamin E) could increase frozen semen quality and the ability of antioxidant. Nevertheless, the effect on compatibility of the two antioxidants was better than single addi...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Nazish Mazhar Ali2, Najma Arshad3, Riffat Iqbal1 and Zain-ul-Abideen1
...ected and screened by morphological and biochemical study. Only one strain DUV1 was confirmed by 16S rRNA gene sequencing as D. vulgaris (accession number: KY698020). It showed significantly reduced biofilm formation (52%; p<0.05) by test tube method compared to liquid interface coverslip assay (35%) and congo red assay. D. vulgaris was treated with various concentrations (5, 40, 80 and 100µM) of salicylidene acylhydrazide and 5-15 &micr...
Muhammad Yasin1, Romana Shahzadi1, Muhammad Riaz2, Mahideen Afridi2, Wajya Ajmal3, Obaid Ur Rehman2, Nazia Rehman3, Ghulam Muhammad Ali1,3, Muhammad Ramzan Khan1,2,3*
...of their transcripts. Morphological data revealed significant difference between pod wall thicknesses, seeds per pod and pod length between the two cultivars. PCR amplification and sequencing revealed that two products namely BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like could be identified. The sequence analysis of BnSHP1-like and BnSHP2-like demonstrated that these genes are 747 bp and 735 bp in size, respectively. The nucleotide alignments revealed 98% identity of BnSHP1-lik...
Tahira Jatt1, Ghulam Sarwar Markhand1, Lane Rayburn2, Ray Ming3, Mushtaque Ahmed Jatoi1 and Ameer Ahmed Mirbahar1,4*
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosad, Fatema Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali Abdel Maged, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi, Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...each other and scattered phylogenetically in different subgroups with the presence of variant viruses in the quail during 2015. ...
Zhimin Yuan1, Yan Yu2, Yanmei Wang1, Yanzhen Bu1,* and Hongxing Niu1,*
...cts and has a wide geographic distribution in China, and people are in frequent contact with these bats. However, assessing the gut microbiota, especially the potential pathogens, is needed for public health. Thus, this study aimed to explore the microbial diversity of the gastrointestinal tract of H. alaschanicus and to estimate the risk to humans caused by the hosted pathogenic bacteria. The 16S rRNA gene V1−V2 regions were sequenced usin...
Hafiz Abdul Ghafoor*, Muhammad Afzal, Muhammad Asam Riaz and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed
Amany Adel, Wesam Mady*, Zienab Mosaad, Fatma Amer, Asmaa Shaaban, Dalia Said, Marwa Ali, Abdel-Satar Arafa, Mohamed Kamal Morsi and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...ke viruses and scattered phylogenetically in different subgroups with the presence of variant viruses in the quail during 2015. ...
Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2
...y rate and in carbon and phosphorus composition. ...
Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
...ied by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. Results of partial purification demonstrated that the exposure of insecticides mixture decreased the hepatic CAT activity in fish (43.33±1.41 UmL-1) as compare to control (50.33±1.41 Unit mL-1). After desalting specific activity of hepatic CAT remain lowest in exposed fish as 134.30±0.71 Unit mg-1in relation to control (148.02±0.41 Umg-1
Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Khalid Abbas2, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3, Laiba Shafique4, Ghazala Nazeer5
...sitive control (PC) cyclophosphamide was injected into fish. The tolerance limits of C. catla against END+CPF was computed as 1.35±0.01µgL-1(LC50) and 2.25±0.02µgL-1(LC100). Genotoxic results showed that END+CPF mixture caused significant damage to nuclei (22.58±5.37%) and GDI (0.73±0.15%) in RBCs of fish as compare to control. Adurati...
Sehrish Ashraaf1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1, Muhammad Akram Qazi2, Shaukat Ali1*
...mit species. Based on morphological identification and sequencing of CO1 gene, a total of 22 species of spiders belonging to five families were investigated and compared within each species and among families for nucleotide frequency distribution of all species collected. We had found non-significant difference in frequency of nucleotides in COI within the members of species and within families (thymine 41.30-44.30%, adenine 24.96-27.19%, gu...
Mohsen M. El-Sherbiny1,2,*, Reny P. Devassy1, Erinn M. Muller3, Abdulmohsin A. Al-Sofyani1 and Ali M. Al-Aidaroos1
...al variation in the microphytoplankton biomass and diversity as well as the diel variability of the major mesozooplankton taxon, Copepoda was studied with respect to the prevailing hydrographic conditions along the coastal waters of Gulf of Aqaba, Saudi Arabia during the summer period. Conspicuous stratification was evident in the water column while nutrient distribution highlighted the oligotroph
Abdul A. Mirani1,2*, Chee H. Teo2, Adel A. Abul-Soad3, Ghulam S. Markhand1, Tahira Jatt1, Ameer A. Mirbahar1,4, Najamuddin Solangi1
...d for type and nature of phenotypic abnormalities. Six phenotypic abnormalities were detected: 1) dwarfism, 2) excessive vegetative growth, 3) production of deformed offshoots and twisted inflorescence, 4) abnormal frond growth, 5) low levels of fruit setting and 6) inflorescence absent. Among the six different variant phenotypes, complete reversion of ph
Amjad Ali1*, Wiqar Ahmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan1, Farmanullah Khan2 and Muhammad Motasim Billah1
Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid2
...ng human lives by having physical as well as psychological impacts that has significantly affected their livelihood. This study predominantly targeted farming community to determine farmers’ climate change vulnerability index among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and Cotton-Wheat Sindh were the le...
Asad Ullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad1*, Amir Raza2, Farmanullah Khan3 and Muhammad Sharif3
...gher plant height, chlorophyll content, root length, biological yield, grain N, K and Zn uptake, straw N and P accumulation compared to the rest. For root N, Pirsabak 2015 was similar to FS-99 (7.2, 7.1 mg pot-1) whilst being significantly higher over the rest. Some other genotypes were superior for specific attributes like Batoor-2007 for grain P and Straw Zn, NRL-0320 for straw K, NRL 0707 for root K and PR-103, NRL 0517 and NRL 0707 for root Zn. However, FS...
Ali Mahmoud Zanaty, Naglaa Mohammed Hagag, Neveen Rabie, Mahmoud Saied, Karim Selim, Saad A. Mousa, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Abdel-Sattar Arafa and Mohamed Khalifa Hassan
...strain) and 1 sample was phylogenetically related to NDV class II of genotype I with 98% identity. Furthermore, the intracerebral pathogenicity index (ICPI) for selected 5 virulent viruses reveals velogenic features with high pathogenicity index (1.60 to 1.74). ...
Jie Zhang1,2,*, Baradi Waryani3,4 and Qihai Zhou2,*
...gation details 12 polymorphic microsatellite loci and 12 to 26 alleles per locus denoted. Whereas, d expected and observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.902 to 0.972 and 0.750 to 0.958, respectively. Moreover, the polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.869 to 0.949. The cross-species amplification and applicability were also evaluated on Protosalanx chinensis, Neosalanx anderssoni, ...
Jing Hu1,2, Yan Liu2,3, Gang Yu1,2, Changping Yang2,3, Binbin Shan2,3, Shengnan Liu2,4 and Dianrong Sun2,3,*
...is study explored the morphological characteristics of vertebral column and caudal skeletal ontogeny in larval A. schlegelii, which provides fundamental information for future artificial breeding and taxonomy of A. schlegelii and other relative species.
...
Jingchen Chen, Zhaochao Deng and Zhiqiang Han*
...ene, we can identify the phylogenetic relationship of A. personatus to other Perciformes species. Our results clearly demonstrate that the high-throughput sequencing method is the methodology of choice for generating complete mtDNA genome sequences.
...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
... 14 (40.00%) were polymorphism. The observed and expected heterozygosity in the test population ranged from 0.02 to 0.92 and from 0.02 to 0.62, respectively. High transferability rates were detected in M. butleri (37.14%), M. heymonsi (45.71%), M. pulchra (57.14%)and M. mixture (71.43%).These results indicate that the Illumina paired-end sequencing system is of great value for identifying massive numbers of genic microsatellites in ...
Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2
...rganic) on the yield and physiochemical attributes of okra Abelmoschus esculentus a field trial was conducted. For this purpose, organic form of fertilizers like kitchen waste, poultry manure and compost were used while the inorganic sources were NPK fertilizer. This experiment was laid out in the field area of soil and water testing laboratory for research, Bahawalpur in growing seasons from July to October of 2017. Treatments were arranged in Two factorial C...
Sadaf Rahim and Mudassar Iqbal*
...cts pests including Diuraphis noxia and Tribolium castaneum. The pure fungal strain of Trichoderma was grown using two different nutrient media including Glucose Peptone Yeast Broth (GPYB) and Potato Dextrose Broth (PDB) and the effect of organic extract was investigated against selected insects’ pest. From this study it was found that the mycelial extract of T. harzianum fermented on PDB showed enhanced insecticidal mortality (73% and 76%) against Diura...
Yasir Ali1,2*, Bashir Ahmad1, Naqeebullah Jogezai3 and Adil Hussain1
...pase producing psychrotrophic bacteria from water and soil samples collected from different glaciers of Karakorum Range of mountains, Pakistan. Serial dilution and plating approaches were exploited for bacterial isolation and the isolates were qualitatively screened for proteolytic and lipolytic activity with skim milk and Tributyrin agar (TBA plate) assay method. From the collected samples, a total of 20 bacterial isolates (PAK-01 to PAK-20) were exhibiting p...
Usman Zubair1*, Anjum Shehzad2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Khalid Mahmood1
... countries, the family Tephritidae is well represented and includes some of the most serious economic pests of fruits and vegetables around the world. The objective of this paper is to present taxonomy and new records of fruit flies. This manuscript deals with distribution records presented for species of fruit flies from Poonch Division of Azad Jammu and Kashmir. Taxonomic issues with specimen are discussed. The specimens were collected from seven localities ...
Wesam Mady*, Nahed Yehia, Mohammed Hassan Elhussieny, Azhar Gaber Shalaby, Moataz Mohamed El Sayed, Neveen Rabie Bakry, Asmaa Shaaban, Abdel Satar Arafa, Afaf Abdel Baset Mahmoud and Wafaa Mohammed Hassan
...s to clade 2.3.4.4A, the phylogenetic analysis revealed that our sequenced viruses were clustered together in group B Russian like reassortant H5N8 viruses of clade 2.3.4.4. ...
Saeed Murtaza1,*, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Asif Raza3, Muhammad Saleem Akhtar1, Muhammad Mazhar Ayaz4, Muhammad Ali5 and Rais Ahmed6
...s.
...
Ammara Saeed* and Noor-ul-Amin
...ext-align: justify;">Phosphorus and potassium are macro nutrients that play major role in growth and development of plants. A Randomize Complete Block Design experiment was laid with split plot arrangement at Ornamental Horticulture Nursery, Department of Horticulture, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during 2014 and 2015. Cut flower rose cultivars were tested with treatments of 3 levels of phos
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Bo Yang1, Qiao Gao1, Hong-Yu Zhang1, Pei-Yu He1, Ming-Hua Duan1* and Yu-Li Yan1*
... hemoglobin level in peripheral blood were measured using a fully automatic blood cell counter. Flow cytometry was performed to detect the changes in red blood cell counts and number of T cells in peripheral blood and the spleen. Western blotting was performed to detect Stat5, Bcl-2, and Cyclin D1 protein expression in peripheral blood.The red blood cell count and hemoglobin levels decreas...
Waqas Raza*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar and Muhammad Imran Hamid
...ity of late blight (Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary) of potato was conducted in the major potato growing areas of Punjab viz., Khushab, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Okara, Jhang and Chiniot districts during the cropping seasons of 2016-2017. A total of six districts comprising of three locations in each district were surveyed for the collection of late blight infected samples. During 2016 and 2017, prevalence of disease in all the surveyed districts ranging betwe...
Naheed Ikram and Nafisa Shoaib*
...jedaba, Epinephelus sp., Teraponjarbua, Terapon puta, Scomberomorus koreanus, Epinephelus coioides, Lutjanus sp., Pomadasys sp. and Lutjanus johnii procuredfrom Kemari fish harbor (Pakistan). Our study shows that fresh fishes were not contaminated by incidence of fungi. Aspergillus flavus was the most dominant fungus as compared to other species of fungi but it...
Yan-Bin Zhu1, Wang-Dui Basang1, Zhan-Dui Pingcuo1, Yang-Ji Cidan1, Sang Luo1, Dun-Zhu Luosang1, Yang-La Dawa1 and Guang-Xin E2,3,*
...opulation. Consistent of phylogenetic relationships between the seven populations was identified by Phylogenetic N-J network (Reynold’s genetic distance), FST and Principal components factor (PCA) analysis. These analyses inferred that the population cluster data was not only consistent with the populations’ geographic habits but could also be influenced by artificial selection and feeding style. Lastly, two cred...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...PA test. This evidence emphasizes the need of more systemic approaches for the investigation ofMG distribution and prevalence in otherparts of Pakistan in order to design effective control strategies.
...
Aqsa Javaid and Nageen Hussain*
...s extracted from the peripheral blood and then amplified by using specific designed primers. Gradient PCR was performed and the product length was 197 bps which was further analyzed on 1% agarose gel. Sequencing was done through genetic analyzer (3500 ABI). No mutation was observed in FOXP3 gene exon 1of Pakistani HIV patients.
...
Salahud Din1,*, Saima Masood1, Hafsa Zaneb1, Habib Ur Rehman2, Saima Ashraf1, Imad Khan3, Muqader Shah4 and Syed Abdul Hadi1
...my, biometry and radiographic analysis of tarsal bones in twenty specimens of male and female adult chinkara (Gazella bennettii). The tarsus of chinkara comprises of five bones both grossly and radiographically, settled in three transverse rows viz, tibial and fibular tarsal in the proximal, central and fourth fused tarsal in the middle row, while, the first, second and third fused tarsal in the distal row. The fibula...
Attaullah Khan Pathan1, Imran Ali Rajput1*, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Muhammad Waseen Kalroo1, Muhammad Munir Shahid4, Abdul Qadir Baloch3 and Faheem Ahmed Rajput2
Khalid P. Loneand Irfana Liaqat*
...as seen in June when the photoperiod and temperatures were highest, while the lowest GSI was seen in October (0.09±0.01). The start of the monsoon rains was a cue for final maturation and spawning and by the middle of July; the testes were already declining and reached the minimum point in October. Both photoperiod and temperature have a strong influence on completion and regression of the spermatogenesis. This detail...
Asad Ali Khaskheli1*, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Gul Bahar Khaskheli2, Allah Jurio Khaskheli3, Arshad Ali Khaskheli4, Abdul Samad Magsi5, Ghulam Shabir Barham2, Arab Khan Lund5 and Maqbool Ahmed Jamali4
...lvadora oleiodes and Ziziphus nummularia possessed significantly high concentration of crude protein. Further the Prosopis juliflora against Zea mays, in Acacia nilotica versus Alhagi maurorum, in Tamarix orientalis versus Trifolium alexandrinum, Tamarix gallica versus Cordia sinensis (Linn.) crude protein content existed statistically non-significant, but each of above set varied significantly to one another. Trifolium alexandrinum and Zea mays though had sta...
Ghaleb Adwan*, Sami Bdir and Kamel Adwan
...I were identified as a xiphidiocercaria belonging to the microcotylae sub-group and as a microcercous cercaria, respectively. Phylogenetic analyses based on sequences of the ITS2 region of the nuclear rDNA revealed that C. melanopsi palestinia I belongs to the family Lecithodendriidae Luhe, 1901, and it could be placed in the genus, or closely related to known Lecithodendrium. Analysis of ITS1 rDNA indicates that Cercaria melanopsi palestinia<...
Khansa Nazir1,*, Tariq Mukhtar1 and Humayun Javed2
...ents without causing any phytotoxicity.
...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...ntries, suggesting geographic and temporal relationships among these strains. This evidence emphasizes the need of further detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterization to design effective control strategies.
...
Comparison of Yolk Fatty Acids in Market Available Black-bone Chicken Eggs and Ordinary Chicken Eggs
Suhu Duan, Liuan Li*, Zaiqiang Li, Mengran Qin, Zhenzhen Fan, Keyan Zhang, Qian Wang, Zhongmou Zhang, Bailiang Yang
...eic acid, (C18:2n6c), α-linolenic acid (C18:3n3), and DHA (C22:6n3) in yolk in Brand A and Brand B black-bone chicken eggs are higher than that in ordinary chicken eggs but the difference is not significant (P>0.05). The ratio of ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA in yolk of Brand A black-bone chicken eggs is somewhat lower than that in the ordinary chicken eggs and the ratio of ω-6 PUFA/ω-3 PUFA in yolk of Brand B black-bone chicken egg...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
...ree different enzymes (alpha-amylase, cellulase and pectinase) from aqueous system has been studied by applying novel concept of unidirectional freezing. To separate the enzymes from their aqueous system, directional freezing was applied horizontally through synthetic enzyme contaminated water samples, called radial freezing. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from various sections of the frozen mass and concentration of enzymes was determined...
Azeem Haider1, Muhammad Mohsin Alam2*, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3
Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar
... pot assays against Phytophthora infestans (late blight) and Fusarium oxysporum (wilt) of tomato on different compost including carbon rich compost, nitrogen rich compost and nutrient enriched compost. The species of Trichoderma includes T. harzianum and T. asperellum isolated from rhizosphere of tomato from different localities of district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan which were recognized morph
Xiaopeng Tang1, Wen-qin Su1 and Re-jun Fang1,2,*
...n, and the absorption of phosphorus in porcine intestinal epithelial cells (IPEC-1). The experiment consisted of 1 control treatment and 5 levels of CT treatments (1×10-12 to 1×10-8 mol/L), and each treatment has 6 replications. Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT method. Cell morphology and phos
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3
...nsferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP) and total protein (TP) concentrations in homogenized muscle samples was determined by standard procedures. ALT, AST and ALP increased significantly in response to concentrations of Butaforce® (7.00, 9.00 and 11.00 µgL-1) and Termex® (15.00, 20.00 and 25.00 µgL-1) used. The TP decreased in response to the same concentrat...
Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2
...oot-zone drying (PRD) on physiological, water relations, water use efficiency (WUE), and yield related attributes of wheat. These irrigation treatments were started at anthesis stage and maintained for 30 days. For FI and DI, 100 and 50% of evapotranspiration (ET) was replaced by irrigating the entire pot surface every 4-5 days. For PRD, root system was split into two equal halves and during each irrigation event, only one-half of the root system was irrigated...
Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq
...8 per 20 g soil in wheat phase and 41.2 to 37.0 per 20 g soil in maize phase suggesting no considerable variation with season. However, the root colonization of AMF in maize (42.7-26.0 %) was considerably greater than that in wheat (14.5-14.9 %). Biochar treatment significantly increased both the AMF spores density in soil and root colonization in wheat and maize crops relative to the control treatment. The maximum AMF spore...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...l growth factor (EGF) on phosphate absorption across intestinal mucosa of hens using the Ussing chamber system. First, four Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were sacrificed to detect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of isolated small intestine at time on 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min, to provide a appropriate operation time for Ussing chamber test. Then, a total of 20 Loman layi...
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...e firstly the changes in physiological parameters and oocyte quality after ovarian transplantation upon dietary supplementation of 1.0 and 2.0% of Nigella sativa (N. sativa) oil to female mice and secondly to explore if dietary N. sativa is effective in alleviation of hypothermia and hyperglycemia due to general anesthesia. Seventy-five albino female mice (21.74 ± 0.19) were distributed into three groups; control (G1; N=25; not rece...
Qihang Liu1,2, Yueli Jiang1, Jin Miao1, Zhongjun Gong1, Tong Li1, Yun Duan1 and Yuqing Wu1*
...ernative methods such as photo-induced traps are elusive. In this report we investigated locusts visual sensitivity to different spectral lights after orange light stimulation. Results showed that after 10, 20, and 40 min of 1000 lx post-orange light stimulation, locusts visual response intensity was stimulated by green, violet, and blue lights. However, post-64600 lx orange light stimulation for 30, 20, and 10 min, the response intensity was the strongest. Mo...
Qiuxia Lei1, 2, Haixia Han1, 2, Jinbo Gao1, 2, Yan Zhou1, 2, Wei Liu1, 2, Chunlei Wang3, Jie Liu1, 2, Dingguo Cao1, 2, Huimin Li1 , Baohua Huang1,* and Fuwei Li1, 2, *
...duction and nitrogen(N), phosphorus (P), potassium(K)in the fermentation process. Poultry litter, sawdust and rice husk were mixed in equal quantities by volume. One was treated with a single strain of Bacillus; another was treated with a consortium of bacteria comprising several species; and the third kept as the control without adding any bacteria. The results showed that decomposition started earlier in the treated...
Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1
...had cleared from the peripheral blood of rats in groups A and B, but remained detectable in group D. Although group D had significantly higher total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration compared to groups A--C, and E, no significant variation was seen in the total and differential leucocyte counts across all infected groups. By day 23 PS, groups A and B had similar serum alanine and aspartate aminotransferases, blood urea nitrogen, and serum creatin...
Muhammad Amin1,2*, Khalid Mahmood2 and Imran Bodlah3
...;">Taxonomic studies on aphids in general and tree dwelling aphids in particular have received much less attention in Pakistan with to-date no work reported from Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, where natural tree flora abounds and silviculture is common. Surveys conducted during 2015-2016 in the Poonch Division of Azad Kashmir-Pakistan, yielded 24 aphid species in 14 genera, representing subfamilie...
Hafiza Mehwish Iqbal1, Shahid Yousaf1, Salman Khurshid1*, Qurrat Ul Ain Akbar1, Saqib Arif1, Nasreen Fatima2 and Ali Murad Rahoo3
... in terms of postharvest physiological disorders and organoleptic properties in relation to the occurrence of pathogenic diseases. Fruit samples (injured and healthy) were taken from the three different local markets of Karachi. Some of the fungal species viz. Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Fusarium oxysporum, Rhizopus stolonifer and Alternaria alternata have been identified in citrus samples. However, major incidence was recorded for ...
Sikander Ali1, Muhammad Kamil Malik1, Muhammad Zubair1*, Muhammad Jawad Saleem2, Kanwal Hanif2 and Saira Azmat3
...ification. Significant emphasis is being laid upon saving the crop from insect pests infestation. Scientists are continuously striving their best for improving the quality of the produce. Therefore, the present study was conducted during 2014-15 to evaluate the efficacy of different insecticides against the mustard aphid; responsible for huge yield losses in Brassica juncea. Maximum mortality of mustard a
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1*, Taiba Sharif3, Samina J.N. Ahmad2, Sumaira Maqsood4 and Fariha Zafar3
...nd characterization of tephritid fruit flies (Diptera: Tephritidae), Bactrocera zonata, Bactrocera dorsalis and Bactrocera cucurbitae was done in Punjab, Pakistan through PCR analysis using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene based primers. Phylogenetic analysis was also complemented to differentiate fruit flies identified from other countries of the world. The sequencing results and
Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Mian Anjum Murtaza2, Ejaz Ahraf3, Zahoor Hussain4, Syed Muhammad Ali Zahid1 and Maryam Riaz1
Chen-Yu Sun, Wen-Chao Liu*, Mei Xiao, Zhi-Hui Zhao and Li-Long An*
...rmance and intestinal morphology in Chinese indigenous young yellow feather broilers. A total of 360 male, one-d-old Huaixiang chickens with an average initial BW of 44.52 ± 1.07 g were randomly allotted to 4 treatments. Each dietary treatment consisted of 6 replicate cages, with 15 birds per replicate. The 4 dietary treatments were corn-soybean meal-based diets and supplemented with 0, 500, 1000 and 2000 mg/kg betaine, respectively. During d 1-14, with...
Tahir Iqbal1, Umer Rashid1*, Naveed Shahzad2, Amber Afroz1, Muhammad Faheem Malik3 and Muhammad Idrees4
...viral RNA. The extensive phylogenetic analysis on the basis of partial helicase domain (ORF1) and capsid protein (ORF2) revealed clustering of Pakistani aHEV (Pak aHEV) strains with members of Orthohepevirus B species. However, Pak aHEV strains were highly divergent from other known members within Orthohepevirus B suggesting as novel aHEV strains circulating in the population of layer chickens in the country. Detection of HEV in layer chic...
Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1
...ansformed to Top of Atmosphere reflectance and processed the bands in infrared and red wavelengths to generate Ratio Vegetation Index (RVI) and Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI) datasets. The annual NDVI and RVI based rice yields were compared with CRS based yield records by applying linear regression and generated yield equations. Rice area was estimated using satellite datasets of 11-years by applying supervised classification to 15 bands composi...
Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2*
...al techniques like Geographic information system and remote sensing are used to detect land use changes. This study is carried out at three levels; initially the whole tehsil is studied for land use change analysis by comparing 1985 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, four sample union councils were targeted for medium level analysis. Thirdly, seven sample villages are targeted for micro level. The Landsat images of 1985 and 2015 are obtained from the open sour...
Muhammad Ilyas* and Fida Mohammad
...rial was planted using alpha lattice design in two replicates at Peshawar (E1and E5), Kohat (E2 and E6), Sarai Naurang (E3 and E7) and Dera Ismail Khan (E4 and E8) (Khyber Pakhtunkhwa) during 2014/15 and 2015/16. Locations in each year were considered as independent environments. Pooled ANOVA revealed significant interaction due to GE for days to heading, days to maturity, grain filling duration, grain growth rate, grains spike-1, 1000-grain weight and grain y...
Salma Javed1, Muhammad Fiaz Khan1, Irfan Ullah2, Sadia Tabassum1,*
...(12.4%). The sociodemographic factors were analyzed one by one to assess their association with the disease. Smoking having OR=1.47, 95%CI=1.07-2.02 and P=0.0173 as well as a high level of stress having OR=1.27, 95%Cl=2.16-4.22 and P<0.0001were found more allied with the disease as these factors increase insulin resistance of the body cells and act as risk factors for developing the disease. Family history of diabetes having OR=3.35, 95% Cl=2.98-4.20, and P...
Wajid Khan* and Raziuddin
...notypes for maturity, morphological and yield traits. The eight parental genotypes i.e., AUP-01, AUP-05, AUP-07, AUP-08, AUP-10, AUP-13, AUP-18 and AUP-21 were crossed in full diallel fashion to generate 56 F1 crosses. These parental genotypes and their F1 hybrids were evaluated during 2015/16 in the field at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Mean squares revealed significant genetic variability among parents and their F1 crosses for days to m...
Matiullah Khan*, Shameemul Sibtain Shah, Atiqullah Khan, Muhammad Sarwar and Shoaib Ahmed
...icle size of Hazara rock phosphate (HRP) by manual preparation of Single Super Phosphate (SSP) through the procedure already established by the author and testing its efficacy in comparison to DAP on rainfed wheat. Almost 50 bags of SSP were prepared using formula “100 kg of indigenous HRP with total P2O5 content of X and mesh size 160 when treated with 60 liters (50% diluted) H2SO4 ...
Exogenous Application of Calcium Improved the Vegetative Attributes and Corm Production in Gladiolus
Masood Ahmad* and Abdur Rab
... (43.21 cm2), leaf chlorophyll content (58.275 SPAD), size and weight of daughter corms (7.10 cm and 61.52 g) and highest calcium content (0.567%) in daughter corms were recorded in gladiolus plants sprayed with 200 mM calcium. Results pertaining to foliar application time showed that maximum leaf area (38.92 cm2), maximum calcium content in leaf and daughter corm (0.971% and 0.442%) were recorded in plants of gladiolus treated with calcium at 5th leaf stage. ...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4
...nd their effects on soil physico-chemical properties such as total organic carbon (TOC), infiltration rates, soil water contents (SWC), soil reaction (pH), electrical conductivity (EC), soil bulk density, total soil porosity, soil temperature, crop biomass and crop yield. The results revealed that TOC under ZT (0.57%) was increased significantly. EC of ZT (0.314 ds m-1) was decreased numerically, but pH was not affected by tillage treatments. No significant di...
Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi1*, Ibtasam Riaz2, Syed Muneeb Haider2, Arfan Ahmed Gilal3, Anjum Shehzad4, Ahmed Zia4 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti4
...mpunctata on eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Results confirmed that both species of coccinellid showed feeding potential against eggs and nymphs of P. minor. Comparatively, M. sexmaculata showed higher feeding than C. septempunctata on various immature stages of M. minor. Moreover, both the species showed relatively more preference on eggs of P. minor than nymphs. Therefore, both the species ...
Zijuan Li1,2, Rong Ma2, Muhammad Khan3*, Chenchen Liu2, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
... growth and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Further studies showed that piceatannol induces mitochondrial apoptosis as shown by Bcl-2 family proteins modulation. Finally, piceatannol significantly enhanced apoptotic efficacy of CDDP in U2OS cells. On the basis of our findings, piceatannol is a promising anticancer agent which could be developed into lead for osteosarcoma treatment as a single agent or in combination with CDDP.
...
Abdul Waheed1,2, Sidrah Saleem1, Naveed Shahzad3, Junaid Akhtar4, Muhammad Saeed5, Iqra Jameel1, Farhan Rasheed6 and Shah Jahan7,*
...ainst third generation cephalosporin and Aztreonam. Notably, 15% of ESBL producing strains harbored blaSHV gene while 43% were positive for blaOXA gene. In a nutshell, diverse variety of ESBL-positive GNRs is distributed, the findings of the present study should be considered for planning strategies to treat and prevent the further spread of ESBL-producing gram-negative rods infections.
...
Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Ayesha Zafar1 and Sher Muhammad2
... characteristics, topography and management strategies. Water, even may be saline, is becoming more precious natural resource. Hence, there should be more crops and jobs per drop while conserving the quality of present terrestrial and groundwater. Saline water has been used for production of fodder and forages in many countries. Managing soil and water salinity under prevailing conditions of Pakistan is very important subject. Use of brackish water increased t...
Huaisheng Zhang1, Pengfei Li2, Huajun Wen2, Guangming Tian1, Hui Chen1, Lu Zhang1 and Jianqiang Zhu1,*
...avid’s deer (Elaphurus davidianus). It is a unique species in China, which has been extinct in China for nearly 200 years. In 1980, the Milu was reintroduced into China and has now become a first-class protected animal in the country. Moreover, research on the Milu has begun. After 30 years of breeding and development, the Milu population has formed stable captive or wild populations in Beijing, Dafeng, Shishou and Dongting Lake. It has become a t...
Huma Sattar1, Sehrish Firyal1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Habib-Ur -Rehman2, Muhammad Sajid Hasni3 and Amjad Islam Aqib4*
...ess the effect of polymorphism in bovine tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) gene on immune function and its role in mastitis susceptibility in Pakistani Sahiwal cows. In this study, a total of 150 Sahiwal cows were selected suffering from clinical (n=50), subclinical (n=50) mastitis along with non-mastitic (n=50) cows from different dairy farms of Punjab. TNF-&al
Yacheng Hu1,2, Xueqing Liu1,2, Jing Yang1,2, Kan Xiao1,2, Binzhong Wang1,2 and Hejun Du1,2,*
...rosatellites were polymorphic with 3 to 6 alleles per locus and the total number of alleles is 80. The mean expected heterozygosity (HE, 0.506 to 0.781), observed heterozygosity (HO, 0.542 to 1), Hardy-Weinberg departure value (d, -0.042 to 0.427), polymorphic information content (PIC, 0.482 to 0.753) and the Shannon-Wiener Diversity Indices (H’, 0.827 to 1.565) ...
Laiba Shafique1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Mahroze Fatima4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1, Youchuan Wei1 and Qingyou Liu1,*
...s of grass carp (Ctenopharyngodon idella). Four experimental diets viz. FD1, FD2, FD3 and FD4 having formic acid (%) and vitamin D3 (IU/Kg) 0, 0; 2, 0; 0, 5000 and 2, 5000, respectively were prepared. Fish were fed with experimental diets for 90 days. Growth performance of fish was observed on fortnightly basis throughout the trail. At the end of feeding trail, fish were dissected to obtain the samples of muscles for further a...
Muhammad Suleman1,*, Abu ul Hassan Faiz2, Muhammad Shahbaz2 and Ayesha Riaz3
S. Jalbani1, N.T. Narejo2,* and P. Khan2
Irfan Irshad1, Asim Aslam1,*, Muhammad Yasin Tipu1, Kamran Ashraf2, Beenish Zahid3 and Abdul Wajid4
...ected between 2013-14. A phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to sub-genotype VIIi with high similarity of 97.9 to 99.8% with similar viruses in this clade. Analysis of the hemagglutinin (HA) gene sequences of the two AIV was performed and phylogenetic analysis reveals genetically closely-related to H9N2 viruses classified into Mideast group-B and sub-lineage B2. The two strains classified as LPAIV i...
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
...rmance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and Bruker micOTOF OllQ TOF mass spectrometry, respectively. The full amino-acid sequence of the monomericpeptide was analyzed by sequential Edman degradation using a protein/peptide sequencer. The antibacterial activity of the protein monomer in antlerplate was studied by disc diffusion method, and the antibacterial ring diameter of each antibacterial agent was measured to determine its antibacterial ability. The molecular ...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
...ue, granular tissue, hypophysis, genital ridge and tissues of ovary and testis. Moreover, QRT-PCR results showed that BMP15 was expressed in the whole process of embryogenesis and folliculogenesis, early high level and then down regulated. It was significantly expressed higher level in COCs of middle diameter sized follicles than that of small and large sized follicles. BMP15 gene expression enhanced until morula stage but it fell sharply at blas...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Shahid Nabeel1 and Abu Saeed Hashmi2
...cation of genetic polymorphisms in genes enable us to estimate biological similarities and obtain a better perspective of quantitative traits that play key roles in development and regulating growth. The present study was conducted to characterize genetic variability in the growth hormone (GH) and growth hormone receptor (GHR) of Camelus dromedarius. GH is secreted and synthesized from somatotroph cells of the anterio...
Saleh S. Alhewairini
... weevil (RPW), Rhynchophorus ferrugineus Olivier, is becoming a real threat to date palm trees in different locations of Saudi Arabia.Therefore, control and management of RPW have gained the attention of government as well as private concerns. In this study, the toxicity of acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor on RPW was evaluated under laboratory conditions. RPW (larvae and adult) showed high susceptibility to both acetamiprid and sulfoxaflor. In addition, both...
Abdulkareem Mohamed Matar1, Moez Ayadi1,2, Hassen Mohamed Sbihi3*, Imeddine Arbi Nehdi3, Mutassim Mohammad Abdelrahman1 and Riyadh Saleh Aljumaah1
...ion, fatty acid profile, physical properties, and tocopherol contents of milk fat from dairy ewes. Sixty-four multiparous Najdi ewes were selected, randomly distributed into four groups (n = 16), and fed four different diets. The diets were composed of traditional feed (TF, barley and alfalfa hay) and three complete feeds with different compositions (CF1, CF2, and CF3). Twenty-four Najdi ewes...
Mahdi Khojastekey1, Majid Kalantar1, Jam Zaheer Ahmed2, Samiullah Khan3, Muhammad Altaf Hussain4, Rajwali Khan5 and Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza6*
...em due to their specific physiological characteristics. According to the current conditions of Iranian economy, using this method to increase livestock profit is quite cost effective.
...
Mohammed Al Bratty1,*, Hassan A. Alhazmi1,2, Desam Nagarjuna Reddy3, Abdul Jabbar Al-Rajab3, Sadique A. Javed1 and Zia ur Rehman1,4
...fatty acid esters and aliphatic hydrocarbons. Methyl-(7Z)-7-hexadecenoate, methyl-(9E)-octadecenoate and methyl tetracosanoate were found to be the principal fatty acid esters, while E-pentatriacont-17-ene and 2,4-dimethylpentane were identified as predominant aliphatic hydrocarbon compounds. The propolis extract has exhibited remarkable antimicrobial activity against certain strains of bacteria and yeasts. In general, signi...
Abdul Hanan1, Talha Nazir1, Abdul Basit1, Shahbaz Ahmad2 and Dewen Qiu1,*
...ted against green peach aphid (Myzus persicae) under control condition. Conidial bioassay of fungal isolates were evaluated with three different concentrations (1×106, 1×107 and 1×108 conidia/ml), filtrate bioassay was estimated by applying 7th day fungal filtrate and binary combination (1ml conidia +1ml filtrate) of V2×V2, V3×V3 and V5×V5 were tested against M. persicae<...
Yue Ren1, Peng-Fei Liu2, Wan-Long Zhu1,*,Hao Zhang1 and Jin-Hong Cai1
...in (POMC), cocaine and amphetamine regulated transcript (CART) expressions were measured. The results showed that body mass and serum leptin levels were lower significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. But thermogenic characteristics and food intake were higher significantly in winter than that of in summer in five areas. NPY and AgRP expressions showed significant differences between two seasons, which were higher in winter and lower in sum...
Ihsanullah*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi, Sohail Akhtar and Syed Muhammad Suhail
...ic traits with special emphasis on postpartum resumption of ovarian activities. Reproductive and productive records of crossbred dairy cows were analyzed at a large-scale state dairy farm from 1997 to 2013. Genetic groups consisted of HF 50.0%, HF 62.5%, HF 75.0% and HF 87.5%, having the respective levels of Holstein Friesian blood were studied in different seasons of the year. No significant differences were found between the groups with different exotic bloo...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1*, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Afia Muhammad Akram1, Arshad Javid3, Majid Hussain5, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah4 and Asma Chaudhary1
...o evaluate the effect of phytase supplementation on growth and nutrient digestibility of the Catla catla fingerlings fed Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diet. The phytic acid’s presence in plant by-products decreases the bioavailability of nutrients to fish, resulting in poor fish growth and low nutrient digestibility in the body. Experimental diet was divided into six groups and were suppl...
Aqsa Pervaiz1*, Rukhshanda Afridi1, Zahra Pervaiz1, Rabia Masood1 and Hira Pervaiz2
... aimed to examine the morphological, behavioral changes and histopathological changes in the liver of Nile tilapia, Oreochromis niloticus after acute exposure to methylmercury. The toxicity of methylmercury of Nile tilapia was studied in a static renewal bioassay for 48 hours and 96 hours (96 hours L.C-50 0.22 mg/L). The study was conducted on 40 fish that weredivided into 4 groups A, B, C and D. Group A was considered as control group.Group B, C and D ...
Nazish Mazhar Ali1, Asma Ashraf 2*, Iram Liaqat2, Bushra Mazhar2, Shaukat Ali2 and Saiqa Andleeb3
...ified on the basis of morphological and various biochemical tests. Morphologcal tests included different staining procedures includng Gram’s staining and Endospore staining. Identification of pathogenic bacterial isolates was confirmed by growing on selective medium. Antibacterial activity of different compounds was observed against the pathogenic bacterial isolates. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) test of...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar
...ecticides i.e. acephate, lambda-cyhalothrin, diafenthiuron, profenofos and spirotetramat against adult workers of Apis mellifera L. These insecticides were frequently being used to control different insect pests of major crops in Punjab-Pakistan. The experimentation was performed under laboratory conditions (28±2°C and 65±5% R.H). Four different concentrations (i.e. 50 ppm, 100, 200 and 400 ppm) of each insecticide were e...
Manzoor Hussain*, Marie Maňasová, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
.../i> rosea, Stropharia rugosoannulata, Lecanicillium muscarium,Trichoderma harzianum and Pleurotus ostreatus,along with two chemicals,Vydate and Basamid (G),were evaluated against northern root-knot nematodes, Meloidogyne hapla, on carrots in a greenhouse. All fungi and chemicals proved to be efficient in reducing the infestation level of Meloidogyne hapla and providing better g...
Qudsia Yousafi1*, Muhammad Aslam2 andShahzad Saleem1
...population trend of the aphid, Aphis gossypii and the ladybeetle, Coccinella septempunctata on brinjal, Solanum melongena, during the 2013-14 and 2014-15 crop seasons. Brinjal varieties Round Black, Dilnasheen, Black Beauty, Hybrid Shilpa, Bemisal and Nirala were used in the experiment. The number of aphids and ladybeetles were recorded at weekly intervals from October...
Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Bashir Ahmad1, Fazal Maula2 and Sardar Hussain1
...omato cultivars against aphid, Myzus persicae (Sulzer) and its associated natural enemies at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, during the growing season 2017. The tomato cultivars include Swat local, Rio-Grande early, U-Grande, Rio-Grande late, Tomato BSS-30, 87-5 China and Roma VF. These varieties were sown in Randomized Complete Block Design with three replications. Results of this research showed that aph
Muhammad Ramzan1, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1*, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Ghulam Murtaza2, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Faisal Manzoor1
...tle, green lace wing, syrphid fly and spider were studied. The population of the natural enemies remained active throughout the studied period. The population of green lace wing and ladybird beetle were maximum in June to September, respectively. The study showed that green lace wing and ladybird beetle showed positive correlation with temperature while negative with rainfall. While, spider’s population showed negative correlation with all-weather parame...
Mubasshir Sohail1,2,*, Raza Muhammad1 and Qadeer Ahmed Soomro1
...hrysoperla carnea Stephens (Neuroptera: Chrysopidae) has a key role in integrated pest management (IPM) strategies for many crop pests. The influence of different prey types has been studied to strengthen the C. carnea. Current in-vitro study was made to figure out the effects of different prey on mortality and certain biological characteristics of C. carnea. The highest mortality rate (66.43±2.13%) was for larvae, which fed upo...
Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2*, Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Olayinka Olaitan Titilola3 and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
...a rapid immunochromatographic test kit. Subsequently, they were passaged in HEp-2 cell line. All isolates were subjected to RNA extraction, cDNA synthesis, three (5l-UTR, VP1 and EV Species C [EV-C]) different PCR assays and sequencing of amplicons. EVs were further subjected to [‘]Illumina sequencing. All CCS were negative for EAVs and GARVs. Four CCS produced R-CPE in HEp-2 cell line, three of which were positive for the 5l-UTR assay. Of the three isol...
Adewumi Moses Olubusuyi1, Ogunsakin Temitope Rachael1, Ogunrombi Sefiu Babatunde1, Ojeamiren Iduda1, Olawole Alaba Samuel1, Faleye Temitope Oluwasegun Cephas1,2* and Adeniji Johnson Adekunle1,3
... amplicon sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Eleven and one of the 30 pools of RD and L20B cell culture supernatants, respectively, were positive for the RT-snPCR. Nine of the 11 amplicons from RD and the only from L20B were sequenced and identified as seven EV types; Coxsackievirus A4 (CV-A4), CV-A6, CV-A13, CV-A17 (both RD and L20B), CV-B2, Echovirus 9 (E9) and Enterovirus A76 (EV-A76). Our findings suggest some enteroviruses are present in and might be r...
Shad Mahfuz1,2, Shuyuan Wang1, Mo Chen1, Fei Zao1, Dong Zhen1,
Zhongjun Liu4 and Hui Song1,3*
...profile during the early phase of production.A total of 105 ISA Brown 18 wk old laying hens were grouped into 5 treatments with 7 replications of 3 hens each. Dietary treatments included a basal diet as control; antibiotic (0.05% flavomycin); 2% FVW; 4% FVW; and 6% FVW for 8 wk. Data were subjected to one-way analysis of variance using SPSS software followed by Duncan’s test probability of p<0.05. During the experimental period no significant d...
Muhammad Khaled Siddiq1, Fatima Yousuf Dar1,M. Akbar Khan1, Muhammad Adeeb Babar1,*, Sayyed Ghyour Abbas1, Asra Ghaus1, Musdassir Iqbal1 and Muhammad Akhtar2
...brate the exact stratigraphic position of the species. Sivatragus bohlini, previouslyrecovered from the Upper Siwaliks, and difficult to date. Moreover, antelopes are documented for the first time from this locality.
...
Tasleem Akhtar1,2,Ghazanfar Ali1,*, Nuzhat Shafi2 and Abdul Rauf2
...ies.
...
Zhijun Zhong1, Rui Tu1, Xichun Wang2, Yi Geng1, Qicheng Xiao1, Yinan Tian1, Bin Wei1, Jiaming Dan1, Ya Wang1 and Guangneng Peng1,*
...kidney, testicle, and lymph nodes, among which changes in the spleen were the most serious. Immunohistochemistry results demonstrated the detection of B. canis antigens in the lesions of all examined tissues. Strong positive staining was primarily found in the spleen, liver, and testicle. In conclusion, this study was the first to report the isolation of two B. canis strains from pet dogs in Sichuan province, southwestern China, and to further ev...
Qi Ren, Shufeng Sun, Chen Niu, Yuhong Li, Yingzhi Chong, Biao Li, Guoying Zheng and Fumin Feng*
...>CYP1A1 is a typical one-phase drug metabolizing enzyme, and imbalances of its expression may cause liver tissue damage. At present, few studies on CYP1A1 methylation and anti-tuberculosis drug-induced liver injury are available. Studying the relationship between CpG island methylation in the CYP1A1 promoter region and drug-induced liver injury is, therefore, of great importance. Anti-tuberculosis drugs induced hepatotoxicity in HL-7702 cells was investigated....
Lin Sun1, Xiaofang Bu2, Jian Wang1*, Xiaorui Liu1 and Zhanyi Kong2
...els of CXCL8 mRNA in peripheral blood of the children with severe illness were significantly higher than those in light cases (P<0.05). Intravenous infusion of Erythromycin was provided in the acute phase for seven to ten days, and followed by the use of sequential therapy of Azithromycin for about three to four weeks, the children’s condition were gradually from acute stage to recovery stage. CXCL8 and its m...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...sity and abundance of edaphic arthropod fauna is usually influenced by different land-management practices and land-use types and these edaphic arthropod communities can provide valuable information about the prevailing status of soil quality. The present study was aimed to evaluate the population abundance and diversity of edaphic arthropod groups in different land-use types and categorie...
Muhammad Izhar Shafi* and Muhammad Sharif
...ike humic substances and phosphatic fertilizers. This practice involves an increase in the solubility and availability of P in soils. An incubation experiment was conducted during 2017 to evaluate the impact of various P fertilizers applied with and without humic acid on P availability. Three different rates of humic acid as 0, 5 and 10 kg ha-1 with three different P sources as nitroph
Shagufta Naz1, Ayesha Javed1, Ayesha Saleem1, Khadija Murtaza1, Rukhama Haq1, Akbar Hayat2 and Neelma Munir1,*
...isture, fat, ash, fiber, phenolic content, sprouting inhibition, physiological weight loss, pyruvate analysis and sugar contents. Gamma radiation affected these parameters at higher doses but at 0.5 kGy no significant change was observed. 0.5 kGy prouting was inhibited and microflora was reduced at this dose without affecting its nutritional and sensory qualities. So, it was proved to be the best optimized dose was 0.5kGy.
Yating Cheng1, Wenlong Shi1, Xue Xiao2, Qirong Zhang2, Qihao Zhang1, Zhijian Su1, Qi Xiang1,2* and Yadong Huang1,2
... is an enzyme with an α2β2 tetramer arrangement that functions to post-translationally hydroxylate proline residues in the collagen chain. The α subunit (P4Hα) of the P4H α2β2 tetramer contains the catalytic site, whereas the β subunit (PDI) maintains the solubility and activity of the &alph...
Abdul Majeed1*, Muhammad Anwar-ul-Haq2, Abid Niaz3, Abid Mahmood4, Naeem Ahmad1 and Hafiz Muhammad Walyat Ali Khan1
... drastic effect on plant physiology and growth. The current research experiment was performed to screen salt tolerant wheat varieties grown in hydroponic and soil medium on the basis of plant photosynthetic rate, potassium (K+) and sodium (Na+) contents. Twenty wheat genotypes/varieties were grown in hydroponic culture, having different residual sodium carbonate (RSC), electrical conductivity (EC), and ...
Riaz Shah1* and Margaret Appleby2
Azra1* and Shaukat Hussain2
...ated under artificial epiphytotic of southern corn leaf blight during Kharif season 2015 and 2016 to find out new sources of genetic resistance in maize genotypes against southern corn leaf blight. The experiment was laid out as randomized complete block design with three replications. Data on disease severity and grain yield were recorded. There were not significant differences in disease severity among maize genotypes for individual years. However, significa...
Sadreddin Tusun*
...trated.
...
Zahra Eftekhar1, Morteza Naderi2,*, Mohammad Kaboli3, Hamid R. Rezaei4 and Nematollah Khorasani3
...on skull and mandible morphological assessments revealed considerable intraspecific evolutionary divergence among the local populations settled in the Hyrcanian forests of northern Iran. Geometric morphometric approaches in this study confirm the presence of multiple cryptic refugia for Fat dormouse as a small forest-dwelling species during paleontological oscillations. Such findings correspond to those of previous molecular...
Wiqar Ahmad1*, Farmanullah Khan2, Muhammad Sharif2 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2
Muhammad Qasim1*, Said Qasim2, Muhammad Naeem1, Amir Nawaz Khan3 and Shahid Iqbal4
... Considerable decline in physical and economic assets were noted among all the three types of fishers, whereas the total value of livelihood assets for farming fishers deteriorated from 0.40 in 2001 to 0.33 in 2016. The study recommends that concerned authorities should take initiative to create awareness regarding conservation of fishes and observe strict implementation of the fishery laws and regulations.
...
Tahsin Razzaq*, Muhammad Fareed Khan and Shahid Iqbal Awan
...done in June 2018 for morpho-pathological traits to assess the impact of NCLB on yield loss and yield related attributes. Results showed that area under disease progressive curve ranged 10-402dsu while disease incidence ranged 25 to 77% and showed negative correlation with grain yield and yield traits. Parents and their F1 progenies indicated that there is improvement in new recombinants of selected parents for yield enhancement. The present study r...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
... exploitation of locusts phototactic response has been one such technique. The current study investigated the impact of different light wavelengths and intensities on the visual and thoracic temperature responses of locusts. Our results showed that ultraviolet (UV), violet, and orange light stimulated the visual system of the locust and resulted in increases in thoracic temperature, orange light stimulated the visual response the most, violet light triggered t...
Beenish Zahid*1,2,7, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Amir Zohaib2, Asim Aslam3, Raheela Akhter3, Haleema Sadia4, Qurat ul Ain5, Razia Sultana6, Irfan Irshad3 and Sobia Alyas7
...es of cloacal and 100 oropharyngeal swabs of ducks (Anas Platyrhynchos domesticus) were collected from different villages of four tahsils of Sheikhupura during period (May to July 2017). NDV was isolated from field samples by inoculating the suspected samples into embryonated eggs of 9-11 days. Isolated virus was confirmed through haemagglutination and haemagglutination inhibition test. Virus isolation rate of NDV from cloacal swab was 12% (6/...
Jiaxin Guo1, Xiumei Zhang1,2, Xiaoyan Wang2, Liqin Liu2 and Tianxiang Gao1,*
...ability of highly polymorphic markers was important to conduct the conservation of S. japonica. In this study, next-generation sequencing and de novo assembly were used for potential useful microsatellite markers obtaining of S. japonica. A total of 120 microsatellite markers were designed and tested, 25 primer pairs showed polymorphism among S. japonica individuals. Number of alleles, observed an...
Ahmed Zia1*, Iqtidar Hussain2, Sardar Azhar Mehmood2, Shabir Ahmad2, Muzaffar Shah3 and Abdul Rauf Bhatti1
...sents an important geographical position. It shares its border with Afghanistan and possesses unlimited water resources. Due to prolonged uncertain ground conditions, this area remains unexplored for insect fauna. Present study was carried out in to record richness, abundance and species complex of Odonata. It revealed four families, fifteen genera and twenty-six species. Among recorded fauna, family Libellulidae appeared to be a dominant group representing 19...
Illahi Bux Bhatti1, 2*, Imran Khatri2, Maqsood Anwar Rustamani2 and Riffat Sultana3
...ber of whitefly (0.38 nymphs + puparia per cm2 per leaf) with highest % mortality (79.89) was recorded in T11 (cultural control + biological control + chemical control), followed by T10 (Cultural control + Biological control + Yellow sticky traps) in which recorded 0.48 nymphs + puparia with 74.60% mortality. The next best treatment was T7 (cultural control + chemical control) in which recorded 0.56 nym...
Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali
...th MC (8.4 mg kg-1). Phosphorus (P) and potassium (K) concentration second year it was highest under MT with MW (7.1 mg kg-1) and with MC (72 mg kg-1), respectively. The highest CEC at the end of winter from 2010-11 under MT in GW (3.67). Second year, in winter the highest CEC was under MT in SW (3.65 cmolc kg-1). Micro nutrients iron (Fe) concentration from 2011-12 in winter was more under MT with GW (34.28 mg kg-1). Copper (Cu) concentration in second year w...
Muhammad Khuram Razzaq1,2*, Saeed Rauf1, Mohsin Khurshid3, Shahid Iqbal1,4, Javaid Akhter Bhat2, Ayaz Farzand5, Adeel Riaz1,6, Guangnan Xing2 and Junyi Gai2
...otic stresses reduce the photosynthates production, thus genotypes also reduce the reserve mobilization for tapetum cells which induce the significant reduction in pollen fertility. Therefore, pollen fertility index can be exploited to discriminate resistant and susceptible genotypes under abiotic stresses. High heritability in the segregating generation warrants good selection response. Moreover, magnitude and type of genetic variation associated with pollen ...
Matiullah Khan1*, Motsim Billah2, Shoaib Ahmad1, Raza Ullah Khan1 and Muhammad Sarwar1
...t and residual effect of phosphorus enriched compost (PEC) prepared by composting poultry litter (PL) with rock phosphate (RP) and inoculating with effective microorganisms (EM) on the wheat during 2010-11. Both experiments were conducted consecutively, in the same lay out of randomized complete block design with three repeats. Various doses of PEC (6, 4...
Sajida Sabahat1, Asif Nadeem1,*, Maryam Javed1, Muhammad Yasir Zahoor1, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Ghulam Yasein2 and Ghulam Abbas1
...involved in a variety of physiological processes such as somatic growth, metabolism, tissue repair, lactation and reproduction. It controls differentiation and maintenance of different function in various and specific tissues. The liver is the primary source of IGF-1 and considered as candidate genes for growth because they play a significant role in development and growth regulation. IGF-1 control protein metabolism and is extremely conserved region amongst s...
Memis Ozdemir
...t Prl/RsaI polymorphism found in the exon 3 or exon 4 region of bovine prolactin gene in the literature. The aim of this study was to determine whether the DNA sequence of the Prl gene exon 3 or exon 4 in cattle breeds has the RsaI polymorphic digestion site. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the Prl/RsaI specificpolymorphic site is on exon ...
Riaz Hussain Pasha1*, Muhammad Zubair Anjum2, Imran Ullah2, Muhammad Akram Khan3, Adnan Ali4, Saif-Ur-Rehman5, Sana Batool2 and Arslan Emmanuel2
... of 2016-17. Preparatory phase of reproductive cycle was observed in spring with having thick tunica albuginea and rapid spermatogenesis in testes while appearance of cortical alveoli or yolk vesicle in cortex of cytoplasm in ovaries. Gonads attain maximum size and weight in spawning phase during summer. Free oozing of spermatozoa in testes and ovaries packed with fully grown eggs are the distinct features of this
Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Najam Ul Hassan1 and Imtiaz A. Qamar3
...m L). Data regarding the physical-chemical analysis of the soil (ph, electrical conductivity, total nitrogen, organic matter and available phosphorus), crop parameter (Number of tillers, number of leaves, plant height, fresh land dry weight and crude protein) and meteorological data regarding rain fall, temperature, pan evaporation, sunshine and wind spe...
Mazhar Habib1, Aamir Saleem1, Arshad Mahmood Malik2*, Sarfraz Ahmed3 and Sameera Arshad4
...sponse variables were morphological characters (plant height, tiller density and herbage yield) of Blue panic grass. With the advance in maturity of clipping stages, plant height and no. of tillers in the grass increased (P<0.05). Herbage yield showed (fresh biomass yield, dry matter yield) significant differences (P<0.05) at each clipping stage. With advanced plant maturity species, its herbage yield increased (P<0.05). However,
Muhammad Saleem1*, Ehsan Elahi1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi1, Saleem Maseeh Bhatti1, Hajra Ibrahim2 and Muhammad Ali3
... human being diet and sulphur plays major role in increasing the achen yield and oil content. A field study was conducted to observe the effects of sulphur on sunflower growth, oil content and yield. The sulphur rates were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20 kg ha-1. The recomended rates of nitrogen, phosphorus and potasium were give...
Arifa Khan1*, Shazia Erum2, Naveeda Riaz1, Abdul Ghafoor2 and Farhat Ali Khan3
...rences in all yields and phenotypic quality traits. High sprouting (100%) and plant height was observed in CIP8 (31.60 cm). CIP12 produced more number of tubers/plant (23.4 tubers) with low tuber weight while better average tuber weight was observed in CIP22 followed by CIP13 genotypes (95%) while CIP7 showed minimum sprouting (70%).CIP28 genotypeproduced maximum plant height (70.00 cm) while minimum CIP28 and CIP34 genotypes (494.5 and 488.3 g respectively). ...
Hala Rajab1, Muhammad Sayyar Khan1*, Safdar Hussain Shah1 and Syed Mehar Ali Shah2
...ifferent formulations of phytohormones for calli, shoots and roots induction in a variety of genotypes. While false positive lines were obtained in the result of floral-dip method, the tissue culture based method led to successful regeneration of shoots on Murashige and Skoog (MS) media containing BAP 3 mgL-1 and developed roots in ½ MS media supplemented with IBA 3 mgL-1 in case of OSCAR cultivar. Successful selection of transgenic lines was achieved ...
Muhammad Naeem Khan* and Asad Jan
...text-align: justify;">Dysphania botrys L. is an annual herbaceous plant and has been utilized for the treatment of different ailments like asthma, cold, influenza, head ach, liver and digestive problems and healing of wounds. The aim of the study was to explore phytochemical constituents of methanolic crude extract (MCE) and various solvent fractions and in-vitro antimicrobial activities of whole plant of D. botrys. Qualitat...
Tanveer Ahmad1*, Muhammad Mujtaba Rafiq1, Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Abid Mahmood Alvi3, Qumer Iqbal4, Muhammad Azam5 and Arshad Ali Khan6
...ss the potential role of phosphorus (P) on growth and yield of Phalsa (Grewia asiatica L.). Healthy phalsa plants were fertilized with P2O5 @ 50g, 100g and 150g plant-1. Data were recorded on number of fruit bush-1, yield bush-1 (kg), single fruit weight (g), fruit diameter (cm), number of fruiting nodes, length of new shoot (cm), number of sprouted shoots cane-1 and leaf area (cm2). Treat...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Iqbal Javed3, Abdur Rehman4, Muhammad Yaseen2, Saleem Ashraf5 and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2
...imited human, financial, physical, social and natural capitals. In the scenario of climate change, households adopted diverse nature of farm and non-farm related strategies to secure their livelihoods. Findings of chi-square statistics showed highly significant association (P<0.05) between agricultural diversification strategies being adopted by households in the situation of changing climate and income level of households. It was found that social capital ...
Sibgha Noreen*, Sumrina Faiz, Muhammad Salim Akhter, Kausar Hussain Shah
...f osmoprotectants. Chlorophyll (Chl-a, chl b and total chlorophyll) contents were also decreased significantly due to saline environment; however, there was improvement of 288.5%, 162.5% and 141.0% by 200 mgL-1 spray of proline. The amount of hydrogen peroxide and Malondialdehyde were elevated by 170.3% and 68.7%, respectively while enhanced by 54% and 47.4% by spray of proline under salinity. Significant reduction in K+ upt...
Muhammad Asghar Hassan1, Imran Bodlah1*, Ayesha Aihetasham2,Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3, Khadim Hussain4
...5 is a rarely collected aphidophagous hoverfly from Pakistan is newly recorded for the Pothwar region of Punjab. In this paper the detailed taxonomic note on Baccha maculata Walker, 1852, supplementary photographs, habitat information, previous distribution and remarks are provided.
...
Shaukat Ali1,*, Sadia Batool2, Fatima Javed Butt2, Sundas Nasreen1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1
...ancer remained a catastrophe for humanity. The present review article devised the modern cancer treatment paradigm which proposed directions towards probiotics or biotics-cancer treatment strategy. The probiotics are present in the human gut region and acting as a health promoter; as they have antioxidative, immunomodulatory, antipathogenic and anti-cancerous properties. Review based on the futuristic and modern aspects of cancer treatment, we believe that pro...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
... measured through spectrophotometric procedure. Serum MDA level jump high in patients (14.19) as compared to normal subjects (3.26). Serum Glutathione declined in disease persons (0.56) from healthy subjects (6.39). Serum Micronutrients level was also declined in RA patients as compared to healthy persons and substantial statistically (P=0.000). Serum Nitric Oxide jump high in patients (32.11) than normal persons (15.2). Abnormal concentration of reactive oxyg...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...fect on serine/threonine phosphatases leading to hindrance in bacterial growth. In addition, phylogenetic tree was also constructed using 18s rRNA gene of A. niger and gene clusters of secondary metabolites were determined through bioinformatics tools.
...
Tanzeela Riaz, Fiza Sana-Ullah Khan, Farah Rauf Shakoori
Nadia Saeed1, Mian Sayed Khan2, Habib Ahmad3, Muzafar Shah4*
... both parasitic and saprophytic nematodes whereas Kohistan had only saprophytic nematodes. Helicotylenchus sp. was found in abundance from Abbottabad and Mansehra alongwith other parasitic nematodes including Aphelenchus avenae, Tylenchus species, Pratylenchus species, Psilenchus species, Meloidogyne species and Trichodorus species. Carbofuran (ino...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
...rmined by SDS Gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of venom fractions of H. tamulus and A. finitimus used in the study were 36kDa and54kDa, respectively. The doses of venom fractions used during the study ranged from 10-30µg/ml. Both venom fractions significantly inhibited the activity of AChE. However, 30µg/ml dose of both scorpion venom caused 100% mortality in adult M. domestica. . It was concluded that the venom of sco...
Rimsha Munir1, 2*
... cultivated as 3D tumor spheroids. The presented work aimed to study the interplay between cell proliferation rates and metabolic stress in 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Two cell line models (HepG2; liver cancer cell line and HCT-116; colorectal cancer cell line) were selected that showed inverse proliferation trends under 2D and 3D cell culture systems: HCT-116 displays decreased, while HepG2 displays increased proliferation rates under 3D system. The prese...
Mehwish Faheem1*, Maleeha Rafeeq1, Aisha Majeed1 and Saba Khaliq2
...aled that exposure to bisphenol A caused decrease expression of cyp1a1 in a concentration dependent manner. Exposure to graded concentrations of bisphenol-A resulted in significant increase in mRNA expression of heat shock proteins (hsp70 and hsp90). In the light of present results, expression of cyp1a1 or heat shock proteins may be used as biomarkers to assess the presence of BPA in the environme...
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
...y aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on physiological biomarkers with special reference to udder health and serum parameters of lactating goats. Thirty two lactating Beetal goats of 3-4 y age, weighing 40.91±0.285, were randomly selected, and equally divided into four groups. Group A was kept as control while animals of groups B, C, and D were individually fed daily with 30µg, 40µg and 50µg of AFB1, respectively, through naturally contaminated cotton...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...methyl- 7,11-dioxo-1,5-diphenylspiro[5.5]undec-2-en-2-carboxylate (I), ethyl-4,6-diphenyl-2- dicyanomethylene cyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (II) and ethyl-4-phenyl-6-(4-chlorophenyl)-2- dicyanomethylenecyclohex-3-ene 1-carboxylate (III).Initially, these compounds were screened for in vitro antimicrobial activity against Gram-positive bacteria, Gram...
Shahid Sherzada1,2,4,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan4, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Idrees3, Abdul Wajid2, Muhammad Nauman Sharif3, Muhammad Shahzad Iqbal3, Iram Amin3 and Muhammad Shahid3
..., the identification and phylogeny of these fish species are of much interest today. DNA barcoding is used as a bio-identification tool for the organism globally. The current study was also conducted for the fast and accurate identification of Indian major carp species. The fishes used in this study were captured from four geographically isolated districts of Punjab province. Blood samples of sixty (60) fishes were taken car...
Syed Maaz Nadeem1*, Muti ur Rehman Khan1, Asim Aslam1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Arfan Ahmad1* and Muhammad Anees2
...rovince of Pakistan. The phylogenetic analysis clustered study strains of CAV in group II similar to those reported previously from China. These findings are helpful for an understanding of currently circulating strains of CAV; however, they require further analysis to intervene in necessary strategies to avoid future outbreaks in commercial poultry.
...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Sehrish Kanwa1, Asma Chaudhary2, Ayesha Siddiqua1
...nduced hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity and its likely noxious effects on spermatogenesis in mammals. Forty mice, randomly categorized into four groups (N=10) were administered orally with different concentrations of levofloxacin (0.00, 9.37, 18.75 and 37.50µg/g BW of mice) for 30 days consecutively. Mice were sacrificed on 31st day (24 hours after last dose administered) under deep chloroform anaesthesia. Blood was extracted through cardiac pun...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
...servatives used in food, pharmaceutical agents, drinks, beautifying agents and numerous different items. So purpose of study was to determine the possible hepatic and nephrotoxic effects of Butyl paraben in mice and to explore the possible curative and protective impacts of turmeric. Fifty mice randomly divided in five groups, i.e. Control, dose group (BP), dose and antidote group (BP+AD), vehicle control group (VC) and anti...
Peng Chen1,2, Zuhao Huang3,Chaoying Zhu1, Yuqing Han1, Zhifeng Xu1,
Guanglong Sun1, Zhen Zhang1, Dongqin Zhao4, Gang Ge1 and Luzhang Ruan1*
... Gruiformes, and Hydrophasianus chirurgus in Charadriiformes, after which we analysed and compared structure, phylogeny, and taxonomic origin of the Gruiformes and Charadriiformes. Based on sequencing, splicing, and annotating the mtDNA of four birds, the results showed that the lengths of mtDNA were 16,955 bp in Porzana paykullii, 17,149 bp in Rallus aquaticus, 17,647 bp in Gallirallus striatus a...
Mahnoor Pervez and Farkhanda Manzoor*
...rmance liquid chromatography analysis. Pollen and nectar were collected from 2016 to 2017 from different agricultural areas of Pakistan during a field survey. Pollen was collected by installing traps and nectar was collected through capillary method allied with centrifugation. The HPLC technique was used for fast and simple detection of pesticide residues of commonly used pesticides (imidacloprid, deltamethrin, chlorpyrifos, fipronil, thiamethoxam, carbaryl, p...
Imran1*, Amanullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Zahir Shah2 and Abdul Bari3
...with seed inoculation of phosphate solubilizing bacteria (PSB) (Pseudomonas) and phosphorus (P) on weeds frequency, and biomass at various growth stages of soybean and its yield contributing parameters. The consecutive field experiments for years 2016 and 2017 using randomized complete block design (RCBD) were conducted on soybean (cv. Malakand-96) crop....
Sana Munir1, Muhammad Kamran Qureshi1*, Ahmad Naeem Shahzad2, Ismat Nawaz3, Muhammad Shahzad Anjam4, Sumaira Rasul4 and Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar5
Javeria Zafar1, Asif Nadeem1*, Maryam Javed1, Fehmeeda Fatima1, Wasim Shehzad1, Ghulam Abbas1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Muddassir Ali1
...ibex and to determin its phylogenetic relationship with other capra species. Blood samples were collected from Kirthar National Park, Sindh, Pakistan. PCR product was sequenced bi-directionally using dideoxy chain termination method after mitochondrial ATPase8/6 genes amplification. Polymorphism, Genetic diversity and Phylogenetic analysis were carried out by the MUSCLE, DnaSP and MEGA6 tools. Total of 20 variations a...
Qaisar Jamal*, Akram Shah, Syed Basit Rasheed and Muhammad Adnan
...al variability in the morphology and various morphotypes of the promastigotes were noted. Acquisition and propagation of axenic amastigotes was assessed. During promastigote culture, log, mid-log, and late-log phases were observed respectively on day 4, 5 and 6. The stationary phase was observed on day 7. The day following inoculation, most of the promas...
Barkat Ali1,2, Wasim Sajjad1,2,3, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Rafiq1, Sahib Zada1, Aamer Ali Shah1 and Fariha Hasan1,*
.... coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Seven different types of antibiotic discs were used to check the intrinsic resistance of all the isolates to various antibiotics. Interestingly, most of the isolates were found resistant while only a few were susceptible, however, the isolates Lysinibacillus spp. N40 and Brevundomonas spp. P20 showed no activity at all. Increased levels of resistance to hea...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,2*,Mujahid Manzoor1, Zubair Aslam3 and Samina Jam Nazeer Ahmad1, 2
...d Palm Weevil (Rhynchophorus ferruginous) against Parathyroid group of insecticide (Cypermethrin). Cytochrome P450 genes have been associated with insecticides resistance. Field collected population of R. ferruginous from different provinces of Pakistan was investigated for insecticides resistance development against P450 gene. Insect bioassay indicated highly significant level of LC50 values among laboratory reared and field collected population...
Iffat Nawaz1*, Farhatullah1, Fida Muhammad1, Sajid Ali2 and Ghulam Muhammad Ali3
Syeda Naila, Muhammad Ibrar, Fazal Hadi* and Muhammad Nauman Khan
...aceae) to analyze its morphological and pharmacognostic features. The results revealed that it leaves are compound, perennial and summer deciduous with upper epidermis followed by mesophyll region with vascular bundle and the lower epidermis. The leaf features showed that palisade ratio was (7.35), vein islets number (9), and vein termination number (9.1), stomata number (47) and stomatal ...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
Ghulam Hussain1, Muhammad Asrar1, Dilbar Hussain2, Khurum Zia3, Abdul Rashid4*, Hina Anwar5, Muhammad Azeem1, Saddam Hussain1 and Sabeen Asghar1
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...nfluence of cultivar on aphids and their natural enemies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Thus, twenty Pakistani wheat cultivars were grown at the Agricultural Research Institute in Tarnab-Peshawar, Pakistan during the winter (‘rabi’ in local language) season. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment/cultivar. Population of aphids, and numbers of ...
Zübeyde Kumbıçak1,* and Hatice Poyraz2
...aryotype evolution in gnaphosids and chromosome structure studies.
...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and found satisfactory. By mixing fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polish four treatment diets, T1, T2, T3, were prepared and citrus peel powder was added @ 200g, 400g and 600g/ 1000g, respectively. While fourth one, control diet (To) was without citrus peels. These is nitrogenous diets (30% protein) were offered to Carassius auratus juvenile having body weight 20±7....
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
...ship between HBV, demographic, clinical parameters and the risk factors in patients with HBV. A total of 4,758 blood samples from the mixed population were collected including 2382 male 2376 females. All the samples were subjected to hepatitis B surface antigen Immuno-chromatographic test (ICT), HBsAg enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and by Reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction for the existence of antibodies agai...
Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi2, Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry2, Muhammad Irfan3, Muhammad Khan1, Shaukat Ali4 and Saima Shahzad Mirza5
...luding upstream Lahore Siphon = A, Shahdera = B, Sunder=C and downstream Balloki headworks = D. All the metal contents in fish scales were highly significantly different (P<0.001) among sampling locations and flow seasons. Location-wise metal accumulation pattern was C > D > B > A. The highest concentrations (µg/g dry weight) of Cd (0.29), Cr (4.64), Cu (8.85), Fe (65.66), Mn (5.14), Hg (2.91), Ni (3.18), Pb (5.14) and Zn (72.16) were recorde...
Urooba Pervaiz1*, Madeeha Iqbal1 and Dawood Jan2
...rograms, exhibitions, pamphlets, and farmer day. It was concluded that production of maize in the study area was increased up to 910 kg/acre after extension recommendations. In case of wheat production was increased from 1177.50 kg/acre after extension recommendations to 1806.25 kg/acre. ...
Hassnain1, Abdul Basit1*, Mehboob Alam1, Imran Ahmad1, Izhar Ullah1, Noor Alam2, Inayat Ullah3, Muhammad Areeb Khalid1, Muhammad Shair4 and Noor ul Ain1
... area (81.47 cm2), chlorophyll content (71.31 SPAD), relative water content (67.27%), excided leaf water retention (68.24%), number of fruit plant-1(24.66), average fruit weight (73.718 g) and yield (37.50-ton ha-1). Similarly, foliar application of chitosan at 100 mg L-1 resulted maximum average plant height (80.74 cm), average number of leaves (104.19), leaf area (81.05 cm2), chlorophyll content (72.29 SPAD), relative wate...
Awais Bin Shahid1, Moolchand Malhi1,*, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Giasuddin Shah2, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro3, Asmatullah Kaka4, Rajoo Mal1, Muhammad Awais Soomro1, Saba Parveen Samo1 and Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani5
...ion pattern, papillae morphology and antioxidant status in rumen of goats. A total of ten goats were randomly divided into two groups; control (C, n=5) and selenium yeast (SY, n=5). Animals were fed concentrate (2 % BW) as basal diet without (C) or with selenium yeast (SY, @ 0.3 mg.Se.kg-1.diet) supplementation. Hay and water was provided ad libitum. The results revealed that the molar concentrations of propionate and the to...
Khursheed Ahmed, Shoaib Freed*, Rana Fartab Shoukat and Kanwar Waqas Ahmad
...cides i.e., triazophos, imidacloprid, bifenthrin, nitenpyram, pyreproxifin and lambda cyhalothrin against O. hyalinipennis. The efficacy of these microbial agents could be enhanced by applying in combination with insecticides. Five concentrations i.e., 1×106, 1×107, 1×108, 2×108 and 3×108 conidia/ml of each isolate of entomopathogenic fungi were used in co...
Nazir Ahmad Khan1,*, Mudassir Alam1, Rafiullah khan1, Kamran Khan2 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3
...vs. 0.17), and tryptophan (0.07 each vs. 0.05) as compared to CM. For testing the QPM in broiler feeds, four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric feeds were prepared: commercial feed (control) containing only CM; (ii) diet containing only QPM200; (iii) diet containing only QPM300; (iv) diet containing 50% each of the QPM. Birds fed on QPM300-based diet had higher (P < 0.05; 2438.5 g) final body weight and better (P < 0.05; 1.743) feed to weight gai...
Asima Rani1,*, Syed Kashif Nawaz2 and Muhammad Arshad3
...role of rs8177400 polymorphism in TIR-domain-containing-adaptor-protein gene in malaria susceptibility and clinical outcomes upon P. falciparum and P. vivax exposure. Blood samples of 228 malaria patients and 226 healthy controls were selected from the local population. Malarial samples were divided in to complicated malaria (N=89) and mild malaria (N=139) groups according to WHO criteria. Malarial groups were further divided into P. vivax...
Hazrat Ali1,2,*, Ezzat Khan1,* and Muhammad Jamal Nasir3
...atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Heavy metal accumulation was studied in muscles of six fish species collected from the river. Heavy metal accumulation was also studied in other tissues such as skin, gills, liver and kidneys of two fish species i.e., Clupisoma naziri and Mastacembelus armatus. Cr concentrations in fish muscles ranged from 30.5±41.9 to 70.8±12.1 mg kg−1 wet weight, Ni from 16.7±10.2...
Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2
...smutase (SOD), and total phenolic contents. Salicylic acid showed highest POD activity (8.4 U/min g protein), SOD (6.96 U/ min g protein) and TPC (3.21 mg GAE/ 100g of sample) as compared to control where POD (1.13 U/min g protein), SOD (1.46 U/ min g protein), and TPC (1.14 mg GAE/ 100g of sample). Amount of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), the signaling molecule was also significantly increased (30.33 mmol/ mg FW) and catalase (CAT) was higher (91 U/min g protein) ...
Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1
...rough inhalation. This emphasizes on the launching of extension programs on pesticide alternatives. It is concluded that field workers in Swat Malakand, extensively uses pesticides and in spite of their awareness about pesticides effects their protective measures are very poor. The low level of awareness in the study area and the public health and environmental consequences resulting from the misuse of pesticides is alarming. Proper training is required to han...
Fayyaz Hussain*, Raza Ullah Khan, Asim Hayat, Humair Ahmed and Ahmad Khan
...xploring the response of phosphorus (P) applied to rice at different growth stages.Phosphorus was applied in three interval i.e. at transplanting (0 DAT), 15 days after transplanting (15 DAT), and 25 days after transplanting (25 DAT), in addition to control (no P), and farmer fertilizer practice (FFP).Results show that mean paddy yield across both sites range from 2.972 to 4.334t ha-1, and...
Honghua Wang1,2, Summia Perveen1,2, Shucheng Shao1,2, Kun Wang1,2 and Fei Yin1,2,*
...hotgun-liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technique was applied and all identified proteins were categorised using a bioinformatics approach. The results showed that 3,472 proteins were identified with a theoretical molecular weight of 11.53–610.90 kDa and an isoelectric point of 4.13–11.77. A total of 63.07% or 50.09% proteins were annotated by Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) or Gene Ontology (GO) terms, resp...
Detection and Phylogeny of Infectious Bursal Disease Virus (IBDV) during Field Outbreaks in Broilers
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...e VP2 gene. According to phylogenetic analysis, 5 IBDV strains showed characteristic amino acid signatures in the VP2 gene (A222, I242, I256, I294, S299) and classified as vvIBDV. Furthermore, the sequencing analysis of detected field strains revealed the high similarity and close clustering with vvIBDV strains isolated from neighboring countries, suggesting geographic and temporal relation...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1, Mazhar Saeed Chaudry2, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Muhammad Shahid Nadeem3 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4,*
...sis.
...
Jawad Ali*, Ibad Ullah Jan and Hidayat Ullah
...ting its biochemical and physiological functions. The current study was conducted to appraise the Selenium (Se) role in improving the drought tolerance in okra. Drought stress (three days (control), six days (mild stress) and nine days (severe stress)) and four doses of Se (0, 1, 2, and 3 mg L−1) were imposed after 30 days of sowing. Our outcomes showed that drought stress decreases the number of leaves, plant height, number of branches, stem dry weight,...
Asim Munawar1,2*, Farooq Ahmad1, Aqsa Arshad1, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3 and Chengjuan Liang4
...gents at different geographical locations was largely unknown. To overcome this gap our research was undertaken to evaluate the resistance mechanism in lab and field collected strains of R. dominica and T. castaneum against deltamethrin and phosphine. Results indicated significant difference between lab and field collected pests strains regarding their resistance mechanisms to deltamethrin...
Muhammad Muneeb1, Muhammad Ayub1, Sher Bahadar Khan2,*, Amjad Sohail1, Farkhanda Jabeen1, Mumtaz Ali Khan3, Amjad Khan4, Kashif Prince3, Asghar Khan5 and Irshad Ahmad6
...to assess the microbial, physiochemical and sensory characteristics of the selected cheeses. We found that cheese selected from Board bazar (40%) were maximally contaminated with Salmonella on MacConkey Agar and minimum were recorded in Tehkal Region (0%). On same Agar high percentage for Escherichia coli was observed in samples from Hashtnagri (40%) and on tryptose agar results were quite high for Salmonella as compared to E. coli....
Erum Iqbal*, Nasir Mehmood, Nasira Kazi and Shahina Fayyaz
..., illustrations and microphotographs along with brief description, measurements and microphotographs of the new record species.
...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...obably due to ongoing trophy hunting. The young to female ratio (0.5) indicated ongoing recruitment of young. The trophy hunting operates on a sustainable use approach, as limited animals are harvested to generate economic revenues for poor mountain communities, which in turn protects the entire population and associated ecosystem from illegal massive hunting. The present study successfully tested CMR method, and produc...
Umer Iqbal1,* and Tariq Mukhtar2
...tered to control Macrophomina phaseolina in Pakistan. Therefore, in the present study, nine fungicides belonging to different groups were evaluated for their in vitro and in vivo effectiveness against M. phaseolina. Highly significant inhibitory effects of fungicides were recorded on the growth of M. phaseolina. All the...
Hafrijal Syandri1*, Ainul Mardiah2, Azrita3 and Netti Aryani4
...v>...
Sajida Rasool1, Saba Irshad1*, Neelam Saba1, Mehak Fiaz1, Muhammad Sajid Hussain2, MuhammadWajid Hussain3 and Peter Nürnberg2
...wer limbs, severe microcephaly, dysphagia, no speech, hearing loss and seizures. Genome wide linkage analysis and whole exome sequencing revealed a novel homozygous nonsense mutation (c.204T>G) in BICD2 gene which was predicted to yield a truncated protein product (p. Glu68*). This is first nonsense mutation being reported causing HSP with complex clinical features and early onset. Further, functional exploration w...
Muhammad Sohail1*, Imtiaz Hussain2, Maqsood Qamar2, Sikander Khan Tanveer2, Syed Haider Abbas2, Zeshan Ali1 and Muhammad Imtiaz3
...mperature measurement as physiological indicator. The trial was comprised of forty spring wheat genotypes which were sown on normal and late planting dates to create variable growing environments under field conditions. Wheat genotypes showed significant variation (p<0.05) under both normal and late planting dates. The genotypes showed a strong correlation among canopy temperature, spike sterility and grain yield under both planting dates. The canopy temper...
Muhammad Sohail Memon1*, Khadim Ullah1, Altaf Ali Siyal1,2, Naimatullah Leghari1, Ahmed Ali Tagar1, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto1, Syed Tahir Ata-ul-karim3, Muhammad Tahir4 and Noreena Memon1
Saleha Ashfaq1, Manzoor Hussain1, Nazish Bibi2, Jan Alam1, Muhammad Junaid2 and Sabi-Ur-Rehman3*
...totoxic activity of Haplophyllum gilesii (Hemsl.) C.C. a narrow endemic plants of northern areas of Pakistan. The antimicrobial potential of H. gilesii extracts in different solvents was assessed using agar well diffusion method against bacterial and fungal strains, while cytotoxic activity was studied in the methanolic extract using brine shrimp’s lethality assay. All the extracts showed significant biological activity against Gram positive, Gram negati...
Sameh S. Tawfik, Ahmed A. Elkady* and Ehab T. Mohamed
...t γ-rays-induced nephrotoxicity in irradiated rats was investigated. Forty albino-rats were divided into four groups: Control, rats were orally administered the vehicle for 6weeks, TSE-treated (each rat received 230mg TSE; once daily, for 6weeks), irradiated (animals subjected to whole body γ-rays (8Gy), and TSE-treated and irradiated (each rat received 230mg TSE; once daily for 6week, then one-hour later after last-treatment, rats were exposed to ...
Naglaa M. Hagag1*, Mervat E. Hamdy1, Mary A. Sargious1, Sara M. Elnomrosy1, Nahed A. Ahmed1, Ayman A. Hamed1, Ahmed R. Habashi1, Essam I. Ibrahiem1, Mahmoud A. Abdel-Hakim2 and Momtaz A. Shahein1
Nurlybay Kazhgaliyev1*, Talgat Kulmagambetov2, Dulat Ibrayev1, Saule Bostanova1 and Zhanat Titanov1
...ndan LLP and AKA whereas physiological and clinical indicators of second-generation heifer calves were within the normal range in various seasons. The highest thermal resistance index was in animals of group I and II groups (76.4 and 78.0, respectively). Under the conditions of Akmola and North-Kazakhstan regions, the thermoneutrality or comfort temperature zone for Hereford and Aberdeen Angus breeds was within the range of +19-2 +27-31ºC. Analysis of eth...
Muhammad Rehan3, Asim Aslam3, Javeria Umber4, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan3, Waqar Azeem3, Hassan Aftab5, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Abid6, Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hafiz Hasnain Ayoub5, Altaf Hussain2 and Muhammad Farooq Khalid1*
...ical role of maintaining phosphorus and calcium metabolism inside body. Vitamin D is involved in homeostasis of innate and adaptive immune responses by modulating activity of monocytes, dendritic cells, macrophages and activation of T and B lymphocytes. Vitamin D modulates cytokine response and anti-microbial peptides (AMPs) production which boost innate...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
Doulat Khan1, Hamayun Khan1, Nazir Ahmad2, Muhammad Tarique Tunio3, Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Saleem Khan2 and Rifat Ullah Khan1*
...coproteins (PAGs) in peripheral blood for early pregnancy identification in cattle, buffalo, goats and sheep. A total of 120 blood were taken from jugular vein of different breeds of cattle (Achai, Achai x Jersey, Holstein Friesian and Jersey), buffalo (Nilli Ravi, Aza Kheli and non-descript), goats (Beetal, Teddy and non-descript) and sheep (Bulkhi, Karri and non-descript). In cattle, the average sensitivity, specificity, false pregnancy prognostic value, fal...
Anam Tariq, Alina Gul, Majida Atta Muhammad, Samia Falak and Naeem Rashid*
Ahsan Anjum1, Asim Aslam1, Raheela Akhtar1, Tahir Yaqub2, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Rizwana Sultan3, Saba Usman1, Aneela Zameer Durrani4 and Muhammad Usman4*
...gs, liver, kidney and lymph node were collected for histopathological examination. Of the 560 samples, 49 (8.25%) were found positive for CBPP. Maximum pathological lesions (50-75% of surface area) were seen in 34.69 percent lung samples, chronic type pleurisy in 97.96 percent, maximum aggregate pathological lesion score in 65.31%, while 48.98% lung samples had 6-10 numbers of sequestra. Besides, infiltration of inflammatory cells, congestion, hemorrhages, nec...
R. Yasmeen1*, S. Shaheen1, B.N. Khan2, S.S. Bokhari1, U. Rafi1 and A.W. Qurashi1
...the earth crust and atmosphere. These metals in small amounts are important for normal metabolism of body but become very toxic when present in large amounts due to their capabilities of bio-accumulation in organisms. To see exposure of these metals in the environment, different invasive and non-invasive techniques are used. In the present study, enclosure of Axis axis commonly known as spotted dear was selected from Lahore and Bahawalpur zoo. Non-invas...
Shahzad Khan1*, Inayatullah Jan1 and Syed Fahad Shah2
...icultural practices. The physical inputs and investment efforts lead to long term duration for the tenants which usually make interest of the landlord to offer the land on fixed tenancy contracts. Thus, tenants are unable to provide proper investments efforts to their plots. In order to fulfill the gap in sustainable agricultural practices, proper training and policy implication is needed. Thus, policy makers in agricultural institutions must provide proper at...
Yanyan Yu1,2,3, Yizhong Hu1, Qipeng Zhang1, Rongquan Zheng1,4,*, Bing Shen1, Shenshen Kong1 and Ke Li1
...recognition feature in Amphibian. For example, previous call of two-choice discrimination studies on the genus Quasipaa spinosa detected the phonotaxis of the female frog for the calls from different lineages. In this work, we used a single-stimulus design to analyse phonotactic response to stimulus and subsequently estimated the values of female preference functions for call durati...
Haroon1,2, Yu-Feng Meng1, Zahid Khan1, Farzana Perveen2, Muhammad Ather Rafi3, Sayed Waqar Shah4, Xiao-Hong Su1 and Lianxi Xing1,*
...e belonging to family Nymphalidae, 217/506 from family Pieridae, family Papilionidae represented only 37/506 individuals. With their abundance Danauas chrysippus (F130, F314 and D3 24.11), followed by Junonia orytha (F121, F310 and D3 11.86), while Papilio polytes, Junonia hierta and Euthalia garuda showed minimum (F12, F 31 and D3 0.2) of each species. The Shannon diversity (H’) is high in union council (UC) Koaz Bahra...
Tong Feng, Zilu Zhang, Minghao Qu, Chan Luo, Laiba Shafique, Qingyou Liu and Kuiqing Cui*
... were mutated from tryptophan to cysteine. The results of this study have important reference significance for the future correlation analysis between MC1R gene and Nubian goat wool color traits and the color genetic mechanism of Nubian goats.
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