Synergistic Hepatoprotective Effect of Chrysin and Ginkgo biloba Against Lead Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rats
Synergistic Hepatoprotective Effect of Chrysin and Ginkgo biloba Against Lead Toxicity in Adult Wistar Rats
Afrah Adil Hassan1*, Hawraa F. H. Alowaid1, Majdy Faisal Majeed2
ABSTRACT
Lead (Pb) poisoning is primarily caused by the accumulation of lead in multiple tissues and its interactions with bio-elements, essential for various biological functions. This study aimed to investigate the combined protective effects of Chrysin (Chy) and Ginkgo biloba (Gnk) against the bioaccumulative toxicity of Pb+2 on histological liver profiles and antioxidant enzyme activities in male adult rats. Adult male Wistar rats (250±10 g) were divided into four groups: group I (n = 6) served as the control and received 2.5 mg NaCl/kg/day as a sodium chloride solution, group II (n = 6) received 2.5 mg/kg/day as lead chloride solution orally, group III (n = 6) received 50 mg Chy and 50 mg Gnk/kg/day, and group IV (n = 6) received 50 mg Chy, 50 mg Gnk, and 2.5 mg Pb/kg/day. All animals were sacrificed 24 hours after the last oral dose administration upon completion of the 30-day trial. The liver was promptly removed for an assessment of the changes in malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH), and myeloperoxidase activity (MOP). Proinflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-1β) were measured in the plasma samples, and an evaluation of the liver histological profile was conducted on liver samples. The results indicated that lead toxicity significantly (p≤0.05) increased MDA and MOP levels while decreasing GSH activity in the liver compared to the control group. However, this effect was significantly (p≤0.05) altered by the supplementation of Chy and Gnk. Similarly, the levels of TNF-α and IL-1β were significantly decreased (p≤0.05) by the treatment with Chy and Gnk, which were markedly (p≤0.05) elevated by the Pb. The ameliorative effects of Chy and Gnk were also observed on the histological structures of the liver that had been damaged by lead. Generally, these results demonstrated that combined treatment of Chy and Gnk is effective against Pb-induced hepatic toxicity.
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