Correlation between Ultrasonographic Findings of Lower Extremity Vascular Disease and Plaque Formation and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Correlation between Ultrasonographic Findings of Lower Extremity Vascular Disease and Plaque Formation and Carotid Atherosclerosis in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus
Haiyan Nan, Ran Feng, Guiling Zhang and Jingqin Liu*
ABSTRACT
This study aimed to evaluate the correlation between the ultrasonographic findings of lower extremity vascular disease and plaque formation and the formation of carotid atherosclerosis in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In this study recorded patients who were admitted to the No.1 hospital of Baoding from August 2017 to January 2020. We continuously observed the comprehensive diabetes complications screening or blood glucose of 517 hospitalized patients with T2DM. 67 subjects were excluded due to incomplete physical examination and clinical parameters, lack of carotid lower extremity ultrasonography, and 450 subjects participated in the study. There were 268 male patients with an average age of 54.35±6.37 and 182 female patients with an average age of 56.67±7.19. 450 healthy people were enrolled for the control group. According to the experimental requirements, the subjects were divided into two groups: the control group (healthy people without T2DM, n=450); the T2DM group (patients meeting the T2DM diagnostic criteria of the World Health Organization and diagnosed as T2DM, n=450); the general data of the subjects were statistically analyzed; the lower extremity arteries of the subjects were examined by color Doppler ultrasonography, including measurement of intima-media thickness, atherosclerotic plaque and stenosis; western blot and RT-qpcr were used to detect the FGF23 protein and mRNA expression results of this study showed that in the left pop artery, the inner diameter of the T2DM group was smaller than that of the control group (P<0.05), while the peak flow velocity, blood flow and spectral width of the T2DM group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). In the left and right dorsal foot arteries, the inner diameter and blood flow of the T2DM group were lower than those of the control group (P<0.05). The peak flow velocity and spectral width of the T2DM group were higher than those of the control group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the FGF23 protein content and the F-IMT thickness in the T2DM group were increased (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the proportion of type I, type II and type III in the T2DM group was higher than that in the control group (P<0.05), and the proportion of type 0 in the T2DM group was lower than that in the control group. With the increase of carotid stenosis, the expression of FGF23 mRNA increased. The expression of FGF23 mrna in type I carotid stenosis was higher than that in type 0 carotid stenosis. The expression of FGF23 mrna in type III carotid stenosis was the highest (P<0.05). According to our results, carotid or lower extremity atherosclerosis was associated with increased risk in patients with T2DM, and FGF23 protein expression of patients increased, providing accurate warning for cardiovascular abnormalities in patients with vascular disease and T2DM.
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