Lethal and Sub Lethal Effects of Plant Extracts and Green Silver Nanoparticles against Culex pipiens
Lethal and Sub Lethal Effects of Plant Extracts and Green Silver Nanoparticles against Culex pipiens
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
ABSTRACT
Culex pipiens are blood feeding mosquitoes which are responsible for transmission of various diseases such as filariasis, encephalitis and chikungunya. Various control measures have been used to control the mosquitoes but most important is the use of synthetic insecticides. The chemical control has disrupted natural biological control system, resulted in the development of resistance, interfered with natural food chains and had undesirable effects on the environment, non-target organisms and human health. Biopesticides such as plant extracts and green synthesized nanoproducts have received much attention as potentially useful bioactive compounds against mosquitoes. In the present study, the effects of extracts of four plants i.e. Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officinale, Syzygium aromaticum and Datura stramonium and their green synthesized silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) were evaluated against 3rd and 4th instar larvae of C. pipiens. The green synthesized AgNPs of these plants were characterized by UV-Multiskaner. LC20 and LC50 values were calculated through Probit and Logit analysis (POLO) software. All the plant extracts and their green synthesized AgNPs caused the maximum mortalities of 3rd and 4th larval instars of C. pipiens after 96 hours. With the increase in time intervals and concentrations, the mortalities increased showing direct positive relationships between mortalities and time intervals and concentrations. The lethal and sub lethal effects of plant extracts on the mean development of larvae was the maximum by A. indica while the effects on pupal period were the maximum by A. indica and Z. officinale. Similarly, female longevity was the maximum by A. indica and that of male by S. aromaticum. As regards green synthesized AgNPs, the lethal and sub lethal effects on the mean development of larvae and pupal period were the maximum by A. indica AgNPs. The female longevity was found to be the maximum by A. indica AgNPs and that of the male by Z. officinal AgNPs. The results were based on LC20 and LC50 values of plant extracts and green synthesized AgNPs. It is therefore, concluded that artificially synthesized AgNPs can be used as an environment friendly alternative insecticide for the management of C. pipiens.
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