Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Characterization of Immune Changes in the Host-tissue Reaction site of Murine Cystic Echinococcosis
Immunohistochemical and Histopathological Characterization of Immune Changes in the Host-tissue Reaction site of Murine Cystic Echinococcosis
Bnar Shahab Hamad1, Bushra Hussain Shnawa1*, Rafal Abdulrazaq Alrawi2
ABSTRACT
Cystic echinococcosis (CE), a zoonotic disease that can affect humans and livestock, is caused by the larval stage of the Echinococcus granulosus. CE is more prevalent and is presently identified as a significant parasite that should be prevented and controlled globally. This work investigated the immune response and apoptosis expression in hepatic cystic echinococcosis. Experimentally hydatid cysts infection of BALB/c mice was established, and the manifestation of immune actions and apoptosis were detected histopathologically and by immunohistochemical markers staining. The infected livers with hydatid cysts from the mice were processed for routine paraffin block technique. The sections of infected livers that were embedded in paraffin underwent immunohistochemistry. Several immunolabeled liver sections with anti-CD3, CD4, CD8, CD20, CD68, and caspase-3 were examined under a light microscope. The histological alterations caused by the hydatid cyst were cell degeneration, necrosis, hemorrhage, congestion, and fibrosis. The findings revealed that the CD3 T cells were the most predominant inflammatory cell in hepatic mice tissue. Also, CD4 Helper T cells, CD8 Killer T cells, CD20 memory cells, and CD68 macrophages were detected in the infected mice. Most samples of mice expressed a different level of tissue necrosis where anti-caspase-3 was examined. Additionally, several mast cells in the mice liver samples were observed. By reestablishing efficient immune responses and preventing evasion mechanisms of the parasite, these findings help improve the understanding of local immune responses to CE and maybe lead to the design of novel treatments.
Keywords | Cystic echinococcosis, BALB/c, Liver, Immunohistochemistry, Apoptosis
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