Haemolysin, Catalase and Hydrogen Sulphide Production as Unique Phenotypic Virulence Determinants, Biofilm Formation and Defense against Antibiotics among Mycoplasma arginini and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Isolated from Pneumonic Lungs of Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries)
Haemolysin, Catalase and Hydrogen Sulphide Production as Unique Phenotypic Virulence Determinants, Biofilm Formation and Defense against Antibiotics among Mycoplasma arginini and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae Isolated from Pneumonic Lungs of Domestic Sheep (Ovis aries)
Mona M. Osman1, Kamelia M. Osman2, Manal Abu Elmakarem Mohamed1, Mahmoud E. Hashad2, Jeeser Alves Almeida3, Alaa Saad4, Octavio Luiz Franco5,6, Heba N. Deif 2*
ABSTRACT
This research is an endeavor to extend the understanding of factors implicated in the pathogenicity of Mycoplasma arginini (M. arginini) and Mycoplasma ovipneumoniae (M. ovipneumoniae). It shed light on the current knowledge gap in the role of two potential virulence determinants viz H2S production and catalase activity, for their possible roles in biofilm formation, antibiotic resistance and hemolytic activity of M. ovipneumoniae. The recovered sheep isolates of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae were examined bacteriologically and by PCR using Mycoplasma species-specific primers. MIC testing of the axenic isolates showed that 19 of them were 100% susceptible to tulathromycin, streptomycin, oxytetracycline and tylosin and highly resistant to danofloxacin, lincomycin and florfenicol. Some interactions demonstrated significance (p <0.05), such as hemolysis/ tulathromycin (-0.607), tylosin/streptomycin (0.519), lincomycin/ florfenicol (0.808), lincomycin/ oxytetracycline (0.47) and oxytetracycline/H2S (0.76). Our study distinctly elucidates that although H2S production and hemolysis are not relevant (0.26) yet, H2S and antibiotic resistance for oxytetracycline was relevant (0.76). On the other hand, the irrelevance between catalase and biofilm formation (-0,27) as summarized in our study brings to light quite clearly that the presence of catalase has a beneficial impact on biofilm formation. The xer virulence gene, the quinolone resistance-determining region (QRDR) genes parC, parE and gyrA and the macrolide and lincomycin resistance genes, rpID and rplV genes were undetected. The role of H2S production in the pathogenesis of M. arginini and M. ovipneumoniae needs further in vivo studies.
Keywords | Antibiotic-resistance, Biofilm, H2S, Mycoplasma, Sheep
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