Effectiveness of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Extracts Against Wheat Aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under Field Conditions
Effectiveness of Parthenium hysterophorus L. Extracts Against Wheat Aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) under Field Conditions
Muhammad Salim1,2*, Muhammad Zakria2, Ahmad Ur Rahman Saljoqi2, Shahid Sattar2, Ayhan Gökçe1, Amjad Usman3 and Hayat Badshah4
ABSTRACT
The present study regarding the effectiveness of Parthenium hysterophorus L. extracts against wheat aphid, Sitobion avenae (Hemiptera: Aphididae) and lady bird beetle under field conditions was conducted at Agricultural Research Institute (ARI) Tarnab, Peshawar, Pakistan from December 2019 to June 2020. The experiment was consisted of five aqueous extracts of different parts of P. hysterophorus (whole plant, stem, leaves and flower extracts) and control (only water) which were applied randomly within each block. Wheat variety “Faisalabad 2008” was sown in the first week of December and general agronomic practices were applied as per the recommendations for wheat sowing. The pre- and post-spray data were collected after 1, 2, 3, 7, 14 and 21 days. The aphids population was found on the decreasing trend after spray application of each extract of P. hysterophorus. Post-spray data revealed that the plot treated with flower extracts had the highest mean number of aphids (32.00 plant-1), whereas the least mean number of S. avenae was recorded for stem extracts (25.00 plant-1) after 1 day application. However, after 14 days a significantly lower mean number of aphids was recorded in plot treated with stem extracts (0.001 plant-1) as compared to the others. Data regarding the percent aphids reduction showed that 50% aphids reduction was recorded in plot treated with stem extract and reached to 100% after 21 days. Data regarding ladybird beetle, showed that the highest means number of ladybird beetle was found with whole plant extract (5.00 plant-1) while the least number of ladybird beetle were found with stem, leaves and flower extracts. In post-spray, the highest number of ladybird beetle were found with stem extracts (2.33 plant-1) and the least in other treatments. After 14 days of P. hysterophorus spray application, the lady bird beetle population was also found on the decreasing trend in all the treatments. Furthermore, wheat plots treated with P. hysterophorus leaves extract resulted in maximum plant height (100.67 cm), spike length (12.33 cm) and total yield (3910.23 kg/ha). Based on the above results, P. hysterophorus leaves extract can be recommended in wheat for the management of targeted pest including S. avenae.
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