Impact of Biofertilizer EM1 Combined with NPK on Growth, Flowering, Corm Production, Chemical Composition and Reduction of Mineral Fertilization of Gladiolus Hybrida cv. Rose Supreme
Impact of Biofertilizer EM1 Combined with NPK on Growth, Flowering, Corm Production, Chemical Composition and Reduction of Mineral Fertilization of Gladiolus Hybrida cv. Rose Supreme
Sona Salem El-Nwehy1*, Assem Abbas Mohammed El-Naggar2 and Adel Badr El-Nasharty1
ABSTRACT
Gladiolus (Gladiolus grandiflorus L.) is regarded as one of Egypt’s most important flowering bulbs. Gladiolus flower output may be harmed by unbalanced fertilizing over reliance on chemical fertilizers to increase crop productivity, on the other hand, has resulted in health hazards and microbial population issues in soil, as well as being rather expensive and raising the cost of production; these considerations, taken together, stimulate the use of bio-fertilizers. This study’s objective was to assess how a biofertilizer EM1 (effective microorganisms) combined with varied rates of the recommended NPK mineral fertilization would affect vegetative growth, flower yield, quality, chemical constituents, and reduce mineral fertilization of NPK on Gladiolus hybrida cv. “Rose Supreme”. A pot experiment was undertaken during the planting seasons of 2020 and 2021 in the Antoniades Botanical Gardens, Horticulture Research Institute, Alexandria, Egypt. There are 7 treatments which consist of 3 percent of the suggested soil amendment NPK (50%NPK, 75%NPK, 100%NPK) were applied as a combined with two concentrations of EM1 (Effective Microorganisms) (1% EM1 and 2% EM1). On the other hand, the control treatment used the entire prescribed NPK soil amendment proportion. Biofertilizer (EM1) applications combined with NPK had a substantial impact on enhancement of the characteristics of vegetative growth which investigated, flower and corm characteristics, Photosynthetic pigments in leaves, and nutrient content compared to the control. Plants fertilized with 2% EM1 in combination with either 75 percent or 100 percent NPK exhibited similar benefits, according to the findings in obtaining the highest percentage of increase, especially in the following traits: leaf area, Days to first floret opening, Fresh weight of florets/spik, new corm diameter, new corm fresh weight, chlorophyll and the content of N, P, K, Fe, Mn, and Zn in leaves. It was concluded that using 2% EM1 in combination with either 75 percent or 100 percent NPK significantly improved yield and growth, as well as improved quality, because of increasing bio-N, P, and K production and saving one-fourth of the amount of chemical fertilizer, lowering production costs, and obtaining a high-quality product with decreasing pollution.
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