Genetic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Isolated from Diseased Broilers in Egypt
Genetic Analysis of Antimicrobial Resistance Genes in Salmonella Isolated from Diseased Broilers in Egypt
Mona F. Shousha1*, Aml M. Ragab2 and Salwa M. Helmy1
ABSTRACT
Salmonella spp. are known to be a major cause of foodborne infection; it primarily spreads from poultry to humans, significantly burdening public health, especially with the currently high rates of antimicrobial resistance and the emerging multidrug-resistant strains. As a result, this study determined the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp., which was isolated from sick broilers from different farms in Egypt. Then, we investigated the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella isolates. First, 800 internal organs (heart, liver, intestine, and yolk sac) were collected from 200 infected broilers to genetically analyze their recovered Salmonella antimicrobial resistant genes. Ten isolates of Salmonella were recovered: two (20%) for each S. enterica serovar Grampian, S. enterica serovar Kentucky, and S. enterica serovar Blegdam and then one (10%) for each S. enterica serovar Hadar, S. enterica serovar Anatum, S. enterica serovar Kirkee, and S. enterica serovar Tranoroa in the serotypes of isolated biochemically identified Salmonella. As per the results of this study, Salmonella isolates demonstrated multidrug-resistant phenotypes, with the highest resistance being against ampicillin, cefoxitin, cefpodoxime, and oxacillin (100%) and then against cefotaxime (80%), ceftazidime (70%), ciprofloxacin, ceftriaxone, and nalidixic acid (60%), including amoxicillin–clavulanic acid (50%). Furthermore, antimicrobial resistance genes, such as ESBL (blaTEM, blaSHV, and blaCMY-2), and quinolone resistance genes (qnrA, qnrB, and qnrS) were examined in these isolates. Results showed that although all isolates tested were found negative for qnrA and qnrB and positive for the qnrS, they were positive for the ESBL genes blaTEM and blaSHV but negative for blaCMY-2. In conclusion, the multidrug-resistant bacteria, Salmonella, demonstrated a high incidence in the diseased broiler chickens, with a possibility of human infection and treatment failure. Therefore, it is highly recommended that developing countries drastically reduce the overuse of antibiotics in poultry.
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