Isolation and Characterization of Novel Methanogens and sMMO Producing Methanotrophs from Rice Paddy Soil
Isolation and Characterization of Novel Methanogens and sMMO Producing Methanotrophs from Rice Paddy Soil
Taleeha Roheen1, Shagufta Kamal1*, Shazia Anwer Bukhari1, Ghulam Mustafa1 and Saima Rehman2
ABSTRACT
In the present study, the diversity of two functional microbial communities; methanogenic archaea and soluble methane monooxygenase (sMMO) producing methanotrophic bacteria from rice paddy soil of different regions of Punjab, Pakistan were studied using phylogenetic analysis. Morphological and biochemical analysis showing the presence of different species of novel methanogenic archaea and sMMO-producing methanotrophic bacteria in rice paddy soil samples. The evolutionary analysis indicated a phylogram with five monophyletic groups (MPG-I to MPG-V). Results revealed that three isolated species (Sphingomonas sp. MG-1, Sphingomonas sp. MG-2 and Sphingomonas sp. MT-2) were in a close evolutionary relationship while the fourth isolated species (Sphingomonas sp. MT-1) appeared in MPG-II and showed strong evolutionary relationships with Sphingopyxis terrae and Novosphingobium capsulatum. The appearance of Sphingomonas sp. MT-1 in a different clade was also evidence of its distant evolutionary relationships with the other three isolated strains of Sphingomonas sp. (MG-2, MG-1 and MT-2). The strain designated as MT-1 was found to be rod-shaped with μmax 0.065±0.25 h-1 and 13.59±0.25 UmL-1 sMMO. The optimum pH and temperature for the growth of MT-1 and production of sMMO were 6.3 and 37 °C, respectively. The concentration of MG-1 and MT-1 was significantly higher in the soil of Faisalabad region (FSD) as compared to MG-2 and MT-2 in soil of Sargodha region (SGD). Overall FSD soil was observed to be more suitable for methanogenic and methanotrophic growth than SGD soil according to the conditions needed for microbial growth in soil.
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