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Effect of Drying Temperature on Bioactive Compound Content of Red Onion Using Photovoltaic Ventilation Solar Dryers

Effect of Drying Temperature on Bioactive Compound Content of Red Onion Using Photovoltaic Ventilation Solar Dryers

Suherman Suherman1*, Muhammad Fahri Rizky1, Zaki Bahrul Fikri1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1,  Zane Vincevica-Gaile2, Anwar Saeed Khan3, Erkata Yandri4,5 and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi6 

1Diponegoro University, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; 2University of Latvia, Riga LV-1004, Latvia; 3Department of Geography and Geomatics, University of Peshawar (KP), Pakistan; 4Graduate School of Renewable Energy, Darma Persada University, Special Region of Jakarta 13450, Indonesia; 5Center of Renewable Energy Studies, Darma Persada University, Jakarta 13450, Indonesia; 6Universitas Islam Madura, Pamekasan 69317, Madura, East Java, Indonesia.

*Correspondence | SuhermanSuherman, Department of Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Diponegoro University, Jl. Prof. Soedarto, Tembalang, Semarang 50275, Central Java, Indonesia; Email:suherman.mz@che.undip.ac.id 

ABSTRACT

Onions (Allium ascalonicum L.) are one spiced vegetable that serves as a culinary spice, food flavoring, and traditional medicine. Onions have relatively high minerals, flavonoids, tannins, saponins, and essential oils. Agricultural products are still dried using conventional methods. Although, traditional drying is relatively simple, it has disadvantages such as relatively long drying time, relatively low drying quality, significant damage, and the sun’s ultraviolet rays can also damage the chemical components of dried materials. Therefore, a new drying process technology, Photovoltaic Ventilation (Solar Dryer) was developed to overcome the above problems. In this research, onions were dried using a photovoltaic ventilated solar dryer, and temperature analysis and bioactive compounds were performed to evaluate the performance of the system in terms of energy efficiency compared to drying in the sun in 8 h. Onions were scattered on trays in the drying room during the experiment. Temperature, relative humidity, sun intensity, and shallot mass were measured every 15 min. The results obtained showing that the fastest drying rate occurs in photovoltaic ventilation solar drying at a temperature variable of 50 °C, which is 6 gh–1. The average efficiency of drying ​​onions traditionally for 8 h is 4.54 %. It has the highest R2 value of 0.982 2, and the lowest RMSE and x2 values ​​are 0.008 31 and 0.000 69. In addition, the decrease in bioactive compounds due to high-temperature drying was attributed to the deterioration of bioactive components such as polyphenol compounds due to excessive heat.

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Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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