Synthesis and Characterization of Porous β-Calcium Pyrophosphate Bone Scaffold Derived from Avian Eggshell
Synthesis and Characterization of Porous β-Calcium Pyrophosphate Bone Scaffold Derived from Avian Eggshell
Ali Ghazi Atiyah1*, Nadia Hameed Rija Al-Falahi2 and Ghazi Atiya Zarraq3
ABSTRACT
Beta calcium pyrophosphate (β-CPP) scaffold, a type of calcium phosphate-based biomaterials, can be used in orthopedic and dental surgery. This study focused on the synthesis of the β-CPP bone scaffold from waste biomaterials such as avian eggshell, which consider a natural source of calcium precursor. The β-CPP powder was prepared by a wet precipitation process using calcination temperature 1200 ºC for 2 h, then the scaffold was designed by using cylindrical template under specific compression pressure. Synthesis of β-CPP powder was characterized by X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, and simulation body fluid. The results reveal that β-CPP powder was pure, well crystallinity and the designed scaffold had multiparous surface with pillars particles morphology, with Ca/P ratio (0.8) which matched with theoretical predictions. Also, there was a formation of rough precipitation layer when using SBF showed the bioactivity of the scaffold. Finally, the β-CPP scaffold was successfully synthesized from avian eggshell waste with high purity and favourite biocompatibility which was promising for use as bone substitution materials.
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