Antidiabetic Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Empagliflozin Combinations
Antidiabetic Efficacy of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles and Empagliflozin Combinations
Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2
ABSTRACT
Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder characterized by elevated blood glucose levels. Because of the vast number of patients affected by the condition and the repercussions it has, many scientists are being forced to research multiple medicines, all of which are quite expensive. The antidiabetic activities of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) were assessed in rats. ZnO NPs were characterized by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). Diabetes was induced by streptozotocin (STZ) -nicotinamide in rats, and some biochemical and molecular parameters were determined. The results revealed that ZnO NPs in combination with Empagliflozin suggestively declined the blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and liver and kidney functions. A reduction was recorded in malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as improved catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of Patched 1, hedgehog-interacting protein (Hhip-1), smoothened (SMO), glioma-associated oncogene homolog 1 (GLI1), and extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 (ERK1). On the other hand, there was a significant upregulation in the mRNA expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) –γ, insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1), PPAR-α, glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) in pancreatic homogenate, and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) in pancreatic homogenate which is also a dose- and time-dependent manner. Thus, the study has demonstrated that the combination of Empagliflozin and ZnO NPs could be a promising therapy to alleviate the progression of diabetes.
Keywords | ZnO nanoparticles; Diabetes mellitus; Glucagon-like peptide-1; Gene expression; Hedgehog signaling pathway.
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