Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Chicken Ready Meals and Humans in Egypt
Virulence and Antibiotic Resistance Profiles of Salmonella Isolated from Chicken Ready Meals and Humans in Egypt
Asmaa G. Mubarak1*, Mona M. Mustafa2, Mohamed W. Abdel-Azeem3, Dina N. Ali2
ABSTRACT
Salmonellosis is a major public health concern with food economic losses worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the mutual role that may be played by chicken-ready meals and food handlers in the transmission of different Salmonella serotypes to hospitalized patients in Assiut Governorate, Egypt, as well as, to assess their pathogenic potential and antimicrobial resistance. Out of 150 chicken meals collected randomly from various restaurants and food shops including, shish-tawook, pane, and shawerma (50 for each), 10% were contaminated with Salmonella with the acquisition of shish-tawook (14%). On the other hand, 100 hand swabs that were assembled from food handlers working in the same places yielded 13 Salmonella isolates, at the time 4 isolates were only obtained from 50 hospitalized patients with diarrhea. From the public health point of view, S. typhimurium, S. enteritidis, and S. kentucky were serotyped from both food and human samples. Epidemiologically, insignificant sex risk factor was statistically found in this study although Salmonella was more common in males (14.67%) than in females (8%) among food handlers and the opposite among hospitalized patients (4.76% and 10.34% in males and females, respectively). Salmonella infection was dominant in 20 < 35 and 35 < 50 age groups among food handlers and patients, respectively. Complete resistance of the obtained isolates was showed to erythromycin, streptomycin, and nalidixic acid with the highest MAR index (0.640) appeared in clinical isolates from patients compared to food (0.517) and food handlers (0.471). All detected Salmonella serotypes harbored invA gene through which a phylogenetic analysis was conducted for six isolates showing a high degree of similarity between them and those imported from Genbank. hilA, spvC, stn, and qacED1 genes were detected in 75, 16.67, 66.67, and 50% of Salmonella serotypes, respectively. These findings signify the role played by chicken-ready meals, as well as their handling, in the high rate of multidrug-resistant Salmonella isolates and the risks it poses to public health.
Keywords | Chicken meals, Salmonella, Humans, Antibiotics, Virulence, Sequencing
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