Sequence Analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction of Growth Hormone Gen Exon 5 in Pesisir and Friesian Holstein Cattle Crosses
Sequence Analysis and Polymerase Chain Reaction of Growth Hormone Gen Exon 5 in Pesisir and Friesian Holstein Cattle Crosses
Tinda Afriani1*, Jaswandi1, Yurnalis1, Putri Oktavially1, I Made Merdana2
ABSTRACT
The growth and development of livestock were significantly influenced by genes, particularly, growth hormone (GH). The gene holds potential as a candidate in the Marker Assisted Selection program, which involves using genetic marker technology to enhance livestock selection for desirable growth traits. One approach to improving the performance of Pesisir with Holstein Friesian cattle crosses involves identifying growth hormone variations through analysis of the exon 5 gene. This study aimed to identify the characteristics of qualitative and quantitative traits and growth hormone patterns in crossbreeds between Pesisir and Friesian Holstein (FH) cattle. A total of 60 crossbreeds of Pesisir and FH cattle were used. The method employed involved a molecular analysis of growth hormone in the exon 5 gene using Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), alongside a qualitative analysis of the characteristics exhibited by the FH and Pesisir cattle crosses. The identification results regarding the diversity of the GH gene found 14 point mutations, including six transversions, namely, C>G 1343 bp, T>G 1376 bp, C>A 1438 bp, G>C 1570 bp, A>C 1720 bp, and G>A 1744 bp. Additionally, seven transitional mutations were detected, including G>A 1359 bp, T>C 1409 bp A>G 1454 bp, G>A 1485 bp, G>A 1506 bp, G>A 1538 bp, C>T 1659 bp, and one insertion C 1838 pb. This study found two alleles and three genotypes with a general heterozygosity value where H0>He. The growth hormone gene from the Pesisir and FH cattle crosses were polymorphic, with imbalanced genotype frequencies, and the body size of males was longer than that of females.
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