Wastewater Irrigation Possess a Risk on Food Chain, Health, and its Treatment with Constructed Wetlands
Wastewater Irrigation Possess a Risk on Food Chain, Health, and its Treatment with Constructed Wetlands
Hasnain Raza1*, Maryam Maqsood2, Muhammad Muzamil Nazir1, Iqra Tariq1, Kaynat Ahmed1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Ali Raza2, Huda Bilal3, Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1, Attiq ur Rehman1, Awais Rasheed1 and Muhammad Zeshan Gulzar1
ABSTRACT
Currently, wastewater irrigation is increasing to combat the depletion of freshwater resources and the water stress caused by climate change. In many countries, wastewater irrigation has been highlighted as a serious environmental concern due to heavy metal buildup in soils and food crops, as well as potential health hazards to humans from ingesting these foods. Human health hazards are becoming more crucial as wastewater irrigation increases because exposure to a variety of toxins must be evaluated against the advantages to food security and livelihoods. By irrigating treated wastewater, the danger of human exposure to heavy metal contamination can be considerably minimized. Innovative solutions to this universal problem are being provided through eco-technologies, such as constructed wetlands (CWs). CWs are among the most widely used natural water management options. CWs can be used for phytoremediation, which acts as a natural sink for toxins. The present paper aims to provide a brief discussion on wastewater health risks, CWs, and its phytoremediation attributes as a plant-based cleanup solution for wastewater remediation.
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