Chorea: A Sequelae of Canine Distemper
Chorea: A Sequelae of Canine Distemper
Saba Rashid*, Rehan Ashraf, Hafiza Faseeha Iftikhar, Zohaib Bilal Khan, Samreen Sanawar, Aamina Jamil, Misha Salam Bajwa, Manahil Riaz
ABSTRACT
Disorders of animals related to movement are highly diverse and are divided into a heterogenous group with varying physical situations, such as involuntary movements without losing consciousness. Various forms of convulsions, hypersensitivity of peripheral nerves, involuntary muscle movements involving repetitive or twisting movements, writhing movement of arms or face and chorea are involved in canine movement disorders. In this consensus statement, standard terminology for describing the various movement disorders is recommended with an emphasis on paroxysmal dyskinesia, as well as a preliminary classification and clinical approach to reporting cases. In the clinical approach to movement disorders, we recommend categorizing movements into hyperkinetic vs hypokinetic, paroxysmal vs persistent, exercise-induced vs not related to exercise, and a genetic or unknown cause that involves defined movements with the help of suggested terminologies described here. Classical canine distemper is a multisystemic disease that typically affects the gastrointestinal, lymphoid and respiratory system. In many clinically and sub-clinically affected dogs, neurological manifestations of canine distemper occur 2-3 weeks later, albeit they may appear even months or years later. This neurological form of the disease affects the white as well as the grey matter of the CNS. Owing to the involvement of both white and grey matter, a variety of neurological signs, including behavioral changes, focal or generalized, seizures (fits), cerebellar and vestibular signs, visual deficits, paresis, paralysis, limb weakness, tremors and myoclonus may be observed. Seizures and myoclonus (chorea) are the two most common signs of neurological involvement.
Keywords | Athetosis, Fasciculations, Ballism, Chorea, Cramp, Myoclonus, Tetanus, Tremor
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