Investigation of Physiological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Rat Treated with 5-Fluorouracil
Investigation of Physiological and Immunohistochemical Changes in Rat Treated with 5-Fluorouracil
Zainab A. Shehab1*, Assad H. Eissa2, Hind A.A. Alahmed1
ABSTRACT
5-fluorouracil is a drug given as an injection to treat cancers of the breast, colon, rectum, stomach, and pancreas and as a cream to treat actinic keratosis and certain types of basal cell skin cancer. It is used under the brand names Carac, Tolak, Efudex, and Fluoroplex to treat actinic keratosis. It stops cells from making DNA and may kill cancer cells. 5-fluorouracil is a type of antimetabolite. A protein that helps control whether a cell lives or dies by blocking cell death called apoptosis. The gene for BCL2 is found on chromosome 18, and transfer of the BCL2 gene to a different chromosome is seen in many B-cell leukemias and lymphomas. This study aims to show the effect of 5-fluorouracil on hematological assessments (RBCs, WBCs and HB), and on bcl-2 immunoreactivity which has an important place in the apoptotic mechanism in kidney and liver tissue. A total of two groups including control and treated experimental groups (intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU (60 mgkg body weight) were formed in the study. After intraperitoneal injection of 5-FU on days 0, 5, 10, 15, all rats were scarified at day 21 and blood collected for hematological kidney and liver tissues taken from the rats and fixed in 10% formaldehyde solution for histological and immunohistochemical analyses. The results showed that 60 mg/kg of 5-FU drug significantly decreased RBCs and WBCs count in all rats in comparison , furthermore results referred that HB concentration was significantly decreased in 5-FU group compared to the control group The histopathological examinations revealed that while the liver and kidney tissue had a normal structure in the control group, glomerular degeneration increase in the capsular area, glomerular atrophy in kidney tissue and showing vacuolated cells and severe congestion in central vein determined in the 5-FU groups. In the kidney tissue, Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was observed in glomerular cells, sinusoidal epithelium, and proximal and distal tubule cells. The 5-FU treatment caused pathological changes in the kidney this effect also affect the expression of bcl-2 genes, which are biomarkers in the apoptotic mechanism. 5-FU accumulates in tissues, it the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression.
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