Characterization, phytochemical analysis and nematicidal activity of Daniella oliveri leaves against Meloidogyne incognita
Characterization, phytochemical analysis and nematicidal activity of Daniella oliveri leaves against Meloidogyne incognita
O. A. Fabiyi
ABSTRACT
This study was carried out to identify and evaluate the nematicidal potential of Daniella oliveri leaves. The leaves
of D. oliveri were air dried and extracted with n-hexane, there after acetone. The concentrated extracts were
subjected to chromatography on a silica gel packed column. The nematicidal activity of the fractions were
evaluated in the laboratory using a 4x4x3 factorial experiment, while the crude extracts were tested on
Meloidogyne incognita infecting Abelmoschus esculentus in the field. Three hundred juveniles were used for the
assessment. Acetone extract coded DNLO/Me2CO caused a significant increase in plant height, number of leaves,
number of fruits per plant and fruit weight per plant as compared with Carbofuran (p<0.05). In the laboratory,
chromatographic fractions from acetone extract had the highest percentage juvenile mortality. The infrared analysis
of the fractions revealed the presence of anhydride and carbonyl stretching frequencies at 3638, 1702, 1735 and
1771 cm-1. The Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) of the fractions showed signals that agreed with ozoic and
daniellic acids. Preliminary phytochemical screening of the leaves revealed the presence of flavonoids, steroids,
terpenoids, reducing sugars, phenols, alkaloids, glycosides and carbohydrates. Nematicidal activity of D. oliveri
leaves is being reported for the first time. The crude extracts and chromatographic fractions are potent at very low
concentrations compared with standard carbofuran. Therefore, the leaves of D. oliveri could be employed as a
viable source of natural nematicide instead of synthetic toxic nematicides.
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June 2014
Pakistan Journal of Nematology, Vol. 32, Iss. 1, Pages 1-122
