Immunization Protocol for Whole Cell Fraction Antigen Extracted from Candida albicans Isolated from Pigeon with Candidiasis
Immunization Protocol for Whole Cell Fraction Antigen Extracted from Candida albicans Isolated from Pigeon with Candidiasis
Jaafar Haider Abd Alrudah1, Nada Fadhil Abbas2*, Farah Ali Hadi1, Haider Tuma Kaab3
ABSTRACT
In pigeons (Columba livia domestica), Candidiasis is considered one of the most common types of infection, and this leads to the risk of the infection spreading to the digestive system because the infection specifically targets the crop in birds. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare an attenuated antigen that had previously been tested on mice. We aim to apply the approach for the first time on a group of Pigeons to stimulate an immune response represented by the levels of antibodies in the pigeons’ serum. Candida albicans was isolated from birds infected with Candidiasis using CHROMagar Candida and diagnosed microscopically to detect the presence of pseudohyphae and true hyphae. Many microscopic examinations, such as germ tube tests, were performed to accurately diagnose the species of Candida. The identification was confirmed using PCR targeting the ITS gene region. Live attenuated antigen was prepared using sonicater device and then injected subcutaneously in healthy pigeons. A group of pigeons at one month old (n=10 birds/group) was immunized with the prepared antigen. Another group, as a control group, was injected with normal saline via the subcutaneous route. The second booster was done seven days later, blood samples have been collected after another seven days after the last immunization. The results showed that the antigen prepared from local isolate induced an immune response that protects or reduces the severity of infection with Candida albicans in birds. This study was based on the previous research to produce an antigen from whole-cell fraction (WCF) antigen in mice. The estimation of humoral immune responses and IgG showed that the levels of the antibodies were higher in the immunized group than in the control group. Collectively, the study revealed a high level of IgG antibodies in the serum of pigeons immunized with the attenuated WCF antigen. However, future work is warranted to use a purified vaccines to demonstrate the immune induction potentials in pigeons.
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