Frequency of Non-Motor Clinical Features of Parkinson Disease and the Associated Factors in Pakistan
Frequency of Non-Motor Clinical Features of Parkinson Disease and the Associated Factors in Pakistan
Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6
ABSTRACT
Parkinson’s disease is an idiopathic disorder of the extrapyramidal system, resulting in impairment of movement with tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, depression, shuffling gait and stooped posture. Among non-motor clinical symptoms, depression, anxiety, and apathy are the most prevalent symptoms. Although these are treatable but usually are not recognized at early stage in Parkinson’s disease, so the current study aimed to find out the prevalence of non-motor clinical symptoms and the associated factors. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Neuro-medicine Ward, (28), Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Center, Karachi during August 2019 to February 2020. Demographic information including; age, gender, residence, and duration of symptoms were collected by the investigator on prescribed proforma. ICD-10 was used to diagnose the presence of depression; BAI was used to detect anxiety while DSM-IV was used to diagnose the presence of insomnia. Data was entered and analyzed through Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 20. The mean ± SD of age, duration of symptoms and MMSE (mini mental status examination) score was 59.26 ± 5.95 years, 2.67 ± 2.04 months and 24.29 ± 1.59 respectively. About two thirds of patients were of age 50-60 years with male predominance. It was noted that depression was more prevalent with frequency of 54.3%, anxiety was 41.4% and insomnia was present in 32.9% patients of Parkinsonism. The non-motor symptoms were common among patients who were in their 6th decade of life. Likewise, male patients were much more affected with non-motor symptoms than females- but non-significantly. No any major difference was noted in frequency of non-motor symptoms of Parkinsonism between the rural and urban area patients. It was noted that anxiety decreased, insomnia increased while depression remained same with the decreasing duration of the disease but the results were non-significant. Lesser the mini mental status examination (MMSE) score, higher the frequency of depression, anxiety and insomnia. It is concluded that the non-motor symptoms are quite common among PD patients and out of all, the most common one is depression. Frequency of non-motor symptoms varies within different age groups as well as the gender and duration of disease.
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