Biodiversity Estimation in Chilli (Capsicum frutescens) Germplasm through Morphological Traits
Biodiversity Estimation in Chilli (Capsicum frutescens) Germplasm through Morphological Traits
Ishtiaq Ahmad1,2* and Muhammad Akbar Anjum1
ABSTRACT
Capsicum frutescens, one of the domesticated species of pepper grown around the globe, is considered to be highly valued horticultural crop due to high productivity and intense aroma. The present study was carried out to evaluate genetic diversity among 78 selected genotypes of Capsicum frutescens through morphological attributes. The diversity assessment based on morphological attributes indicated maximum fruit weight was gained in genotype AZRI-Selection-10-B (2.82 ± 0.26 g), maximum fruit length was observed in genotype Super-Hot F1 (6.79 ± 0.52 cm), however maximum fruit diameter was recorded in genotypes 36563 (26.42 ± 1.93 mm), maximum pedicle length was measured in genotype KP Local (4.27 ± 0.82 cm), maximum plant height was gained in genotypes AZRI-Selection-06-1C (71.35 ± 4.63 cm), while maximum yield per plant was calculated in genotypes Sky Line 2 (325.95 ± 19.48 g), maximum number of leaves per plant were counted in genotypes AZRI-Selection-02-A2 (516.91 ± 22.29), however maximum leaf area was recorded in genotypes Kot Sultan (62.24 ± 2.14 cm2), the maximum time took to flower was observed in genotype 37032 (66.0 ± 2.50 days), while maximum time took to ripen fruit was observed in genotypes CKD 2204 (57.0 ± 2.00 days), the maximum relative leaf chlorophyll content (SPAD value) was measured in genotypes Zenia F1 (45.88 ± 0.92) and maximum number of stomata per unit area (mm2) was counted in 32344 (41.00 ± 0.16). The data based on morphological traits was analyzed in multivariate analysis. Cluster analysis indicated that 78 genotypes were grouped into five clusters where cluster-I comprised of (19) genotypes, cluster-II contain (8) genotypes, cluster-III contain (21) genotypes, cluster-IV contain (6) genotypes and cluster-V contain (24) genotypes. PCA analysis based on first two components for morphological attributes of Capsicum frutescens genotypes explained (39.62 %) variability.
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