The integrated pest control
The integrated pest control
Mohammad Shahid
ABSTRACT
THE INTEGRATED PEST CONTROL
Mohammad Shahid, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Peshawar
Intro:
For centuries man has been growing crops for his own needs on this land. His crops neither suffered so heavily or regularly due to the insects attack, nor their damage was being realised as much as it is today, except the occasional sporadic outbreaks of certain pests that damaged his crops heavily. These sporadic outbreaks occurred perhaps due to the biotic potential or intrinsic rate at which such insects reproduced in the absence of environmental checks. But this happended only occasionally. Often the environmental complex of conditions i.e. biological and physical factors remained more or less unfavourable and caused the environmental resistance which suppressed the biotic potential of the species from being realised. The species existed but usually maintained a low level of population or equilibrium between the forces within the species and the environments. All the pests that are present today were there 70 years or more ago. However, they did not matter much because their population density was always low.
Mohammad Shahid, Associate Professor and Head, Department of Entomology, College of Agriculture, University of Peshawar
Intro:
For centuries man has been growing crops for his own needs on this land. His crops neither suffered so heavily or regularly due to the insects attack, nor their damage was being realised as much as it is today, except the occasional sporadic outbreaks of certain pests that damaged his crops heavily. These sporadic outbreaks occurred perhaps due to the biotic potential or intrinsic rate at which such insects reproduced in the absence of environmental checks. But this happended only occasionally. Often the environmental complex of conditions i.e. biological and physical factors remained more or less unfavourable and caused the environmental resistance which suppressed the biotic potential of the species from being realised. The species existed but usually maintained a low level of population or equilibrium between the forces within the species and the environments. All the pests that are present today were there 70 years or more ago. However, they did not matter much because their population density was always low.
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September 1973
Vol. 23, Iss. 3
