Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din
ABSTRACT
Crataeva adansonii is a medicinal plant and many folklore uses of this plant are well known to us. Pharmacognostic studies like finding extractive values and nutritional values play a vital role in the determination of adulterated or exhausted drugs. It lays down parameters for authentication and standardization of drugs. The cytotoxic study helps in the evaluation of a drug for its toxicity, which is determined by the prevention of growth and replication. Such drugs can be used to treat cancer, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. During the present study ethanolic extracts of leaf and bark parts of C. adansonii were evaluated through cytotoxic activity. Brine shrimp larvae assay was conducted for this purpose. Extractive values of leaf and bark parts were estimated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, water, and ether as a solvent. 10g of plant powder was dissolved in 200 ml solvent during various extract preparations Fluorescence study was conducted after treating the powder drug with different reagents including ethanol, methanol, acetic acid, n-hexane, HCl, nitric acid, carrageenan, glacial acetic acid, diethyl ether and picric acid and change in coloration was observed. Distinct fluorescence was exhibited by the drug under the normal daylight and UV-radiations of short wavelength (256nm) and long wavelength (365nm). Both the leaf and bark parts showed maximum extractive values in water (23% and 15% respectively) followed by methanol (15% and 6% respectively. The leaf part showed greater extractive values as compared to the bark. The cytotoxic study revealed that the ethanolic extract crude drugs of each part dose-dependently exhibited cytotoxic activity. At higher concentration (100-1000 μg/ml) the leaf and bark ethanolic extracts showed cytotoxicity and at lower concentration (10 μg/ml) very low cytotoxic effect was observed (Figure 4). The LC50 values for crude leaf extract were found to be 5.34 and for that of stem bark extract, it was 7.44 ug/ml. This study manifests that the selected plant can be helpful in the preparation of novel pharmaceuticals. The pharmacognostic evaluation of this important medicinal drug will be supportive in the detection of adulteration and drug quality control.
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September 2020
Vol. 36, Iss. 3, Pages 734-1009
