Individual and Combined Effects of Moringa and Neem Leaves on Immune Response and Gut Microflora in Japanese Quails
Individual and Combined Effects of Moringa and Neem Leaves on Immune Response and Gut Microflora in Japanese Quails
Rahib Ali Chachar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1* and Manatbai Bakhetgul2
ABSTRACT
The current study investigated the individual and combined immunomodulatory and gut microflora modulatory effects of moringa and neem leaf powder in Japanese quails. A total of eighty (80) unsex day-old Japanese quail chicks were distributed into the four groups. The T0 offered only a basal diet, while T1, T2 and T3 were supplemented with moringa (5%), neem (1%) and moringa (5%) + neem (1%) leaf powder respectively in the basal diet. Results showed that live body weight and carcass weight were better (p<0.05) in T3 than in control and other supplemented groups. The relative weight of the spleen was found higher (p<0.05) in T2 and T3 groups as compared to T0 and T1 groups. The relative weight of the thymus was recorded as higher (p<0.05) in T3 as compared to control and other treated groups. The relative weight of the bursa was higher (p<0.05) in the T1 and T3 groups as compared to T0 and T2 groups. All treated groups exhibited significantly high (p < 0.01) total bacterial count, Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium count as compared to the control group (T0). Whereas, E. coli and Salmonella count was found significantly lower (p < 0.01) in treated groups as compared to the control group. Hemoglobin and erythrocyte count was higher (p < 0.05) in T1 and T3 groups as compared to T2 and T0. MCHC (mean corpuscular haemoglobin concentration) was found higher (p < 0.05) in T3 as compared to T0 groups. White blood cell count was recorded higher (p < 0.05) in T3 as compared to T1 group. Lymphocytes (L) percentage was recorded highest (p < 0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1 and T0 groups. While, heterophil (H) percentage and H/L ratio were found lowest (p < 0.05) in T3 followed by T2, T1, and T0 groups. It is concluded that moringa and neem leaf meal in combined form (5%+1%) have a significant potential to modulate immunity, haematological profile and gut microflora in Japanese quails.
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