Larvicidal Potential and Phytochemical Analysis of Garcinia mangostana Extracts on Controlling of Culex pipiens Larvae
Larvicidal Potential and Phytochemical Analysis of Garcinia mangostana Extracts on Controlling of Culex pipiens Larvae
Nael Abutaha, Fahd A. AL-Mekhlafi*, Khalid Elfaki Ibrahim,
Mohammed S. Al-Khalifa and Mohamed A. Wadaan
ABSTRACT
The present study assessed the larvicidal action of Garcinia mangostana pericarp against Culex pipiens larvae. Hexane extract was prepared from the fruit. The secondary metabolites were identified using phytochemical analysis and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The cytotoxic effect was also evaluated using normal human umbilical endothelial cells (HUV-EC). The larvicidal assay was performed on the third instar stage as recommended by WHO. The phytochemical analysis showed the presence of alkaloids, sterols, and phenolic compounds. The GC-MS analysis revealed the presence of 5 compounds, of which α-Copaene constituted 61.95% of the extract. The hexane extract showed good larvicidal activity, with an LC50 = 33.9 μg mL−1 and LC90 = 64.1 µg/mL at 24 h post exposure. The midgut sections of treated larvae showed morphological alterations such as microvilli damage, loss of nuclei, and peritrophic membrane degeneration. The extract also showed high cytotoxic activity against HUV-EC cells, with an LC50 of 19.8 µg/mL. The results indicated that G. mangostana has larvicidal activity against Cx. pipiens larvae. Further investigation can be done to confirm the larvicidal potential of this plant against different genus and species of mosquitoes.
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