Features of the Expression of Some Interferon- and Tumour-Suppressor Genes in Cats with Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Mammary gland
Features of the Expression of Some Interferon- and Tumour-Suppressor Genes in Cats with Benign and Malignant Neoplasms of the Mammary gland
Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3
ABSTRACT
Background. An assessing the expression of tumour-suppressor genes is a diagnostic approach, included in the practice of veterinary oncologists. Complementing these laboratory tests with methods for assessing the expression of interferon (IFN) genes can expand the possibilities of diagnosing animal cancers and improve the accuracy of differential diagnosis of benign and malignant neoplasms, in particular of the mammary gland (MG). Methods. Surgical material obtained after unilateral mastectomy with simultaneous hysterovariectomy, as well as peripheral blood samples of cats with MG tumours was used. Blood samples and surgical material obtained from healthy cats after a planned hysterovariectomy were used as control. In cats with established diagnosis of stage II breast cancer (BC; n = 4), fibrocystic mastopathy (FCM; n = 3) and healthy cats (n = 4), the following were examined: (1) haematological parameters; (2) biochemical blood indicators; (3) expression of ifnα7, ifnβ1, ifnγ, ifnλ1, p53, rb1, cdkn2a and gadd45g genes in the BC and FCM tumor tissues, as well in the uterus tissue and WBCs using qPCR. Results. In cats with MG tumours, signs of lymphopenia and thrombocytopenia were found, these being especially pronounced in animals with BC. In cats with BC and FCM, there were significant differences in the expression patterns of the spectrum of target IFN system genes and a number of key cell cycle control factors. These differences were expressed in the tumour tissue itself, in WBCs and in the uterus tissue. Decreases of gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes expression in BC tumour tissue were the most significant. Recent findings and conclusions. The high level of p53, rb1 and cdkn2a gene expression in animals with BC can serve as a criterion for the intensity of the mechanisms of antitumour surveillance in general. However due to the inhibition of gadd45g gene expression, the described expression pattern indicates an imbalance in the molecular censor systems that protect the health of the cellular genome. Evaluation of the expression levels of this spectrum of genes, especially the gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes, may be useful as an additional criterion for the differential diagnosis of benign and malignant breast diseases in cats.
Keywords | Breast cancer, Mastopathy, Interferon genes, Tumour-suppressor genes, Expression
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