Niacin Alleviates the Acidosis of Rumen Epithelial Cells Induced by Low pH Resulting from Volatile Fatty Acids
Niacin Alleviates the Acidosis of Rumen Epithelial Cells Induced by Low pH Resulting from Volatile Fatty Acids
Mengxue Sun1, Yanjiao Li1,2, Zhen Gao1, Qinghua Qiu1,2*, Xianghui Zhao1,2, Lanjiao Xu1,2, Huan Liang1,2, Ke Pan, Mingren Qu and Kehui Ouyang1,2*
ABSTRACT
To investigate the effects of different niacin treatments on low pH-induced goat rumen epithelial cells acidosis, cells were exposed to solutions with a pH of 7.4, 5.8, 5.6, 5.2, and 5.0 for 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The precise pH was adjusted using volatile fatty acids (acetate, propionate, and butyrate). All the cell viability in low pH treatment declined more than 50% for 12 h stimulation, and cells treated with low pH for 12 h was selected to be optimal ruminal acidosis model. Cells were then cultured with niacin (0, 20, 40, 80, 160, or 320 mM) for 12 h before, concurrent, and after 12 h treatment with low pH. Results showed that, 1) Pre-treatment protection of niacin: pre-treatment with 20 or 40 mM niacin increased the cell viability under pH 5.8, while 80-320 mM niacin decreased the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). Under pH 5.5, results were similar to those under pH 5.8, except for pre-treatment with 40 mM niacin with no significant effect on the cell viability. Under pH 5.2 or 5.0, pre-treatment with niacin reduced the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). 2) Concurrent treatment protection of niacin: under all pH value, all concurrent treatment with niacin reduced the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). 3) Post-treatment protection of niacin: under pH 5.8 or 5.5, post-treatment with 20 or 40 mM niacin increased the cell viability compared with the control group, while 80-320 mM niacin decreased the cell viability (P < 0.01). Under pH 5.2 or 5.0, post-treatment with niacin reduced the cell viability compared with the control group (P < 0.01). These results may provide a reference for ruminal acidosis mitigation. Low-concentration niacin could relieve subacute ruminal acidosis, and it could be added after symptoms appear. However, niacin had a negative role in the protection of acute ruminal acidosis.
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