Dynamics of Ammonia Gas Production from Feces of Laying Hens during Eco-enzyme Treatment of Vegetable Waste
Dynamics of Ammonia Gas Production from Feces of Laying Hens during Eco-enzyme Treatment of Vegetable Waste
Muhammad Ardas Daruslam1, Muhammad Irfan Said2*, Nancy Lahay3
ABSTRACT
Ammonia gas is one of the contributors to greenhouse gas emissions (GHE). This gas is mainly produced from livestock waste such as poultry. These emissions can be overcome by enzymatic treatment, one of which is known as eco-enzyme (Ec-En). A total of 2 types of study objects were evaluated in this research, namely (1) related to the characteristics of Ec-En produced from 2 different types of vegetable waste, Kale (Ka) and Spinach (Sp) and (2) examining the optimal ratio of Ec-En that can be applied to the poultry (laying hens) feces as ammonia gas reducer. A total of three vegetable waste source formulas were applied, namely: V1 = Kale (Ka)(100%); V2 = Spinach (Sp)(100%); V3 = Ka(50%) + Sp(50%) to study the Ec-En character. In addition, four Ec-En dilution process formulas were used to evaluate the performance of Ec-En as a ammonia gas reducer during the fermentation process, namely: P0 = without Ec-En (control); P1 = 100% of Ec-En + 0% water (v/v), P2 = 90% of Ec-En + 10% water (v/v) and P3 = 80% of Ec-En + 20% water (v/v). Fermentation time uses three levels, namely: T0 = 0 minutes; T1 = 15 minutes and T2 = 30 minutes. Fermentation time is the time after Ec-En is applied to the feces of laying hens. Data were analyzed statistically using ANOVA. The results showed that differences in vegetable waste sources had a significant effect (p<0.05) on Ec-En properties such as pH (<4), protease enzyme activity (0.3835-0.4259 U/mL) and total Lactate Acid Bacteria (LAB) (5.5-6.00 log CFU/mL). The Ec-En product produced from P1 produces the best characteristics compared to other treatments. Application of P1 for 15 minutes (T1) of fermentation time was able to reduce ammonia gas in laying hen feces by (9.77-36.90 ppm).
Keywords | Ammonia, Eco-enzyme, Laying hens, Vegetable waste
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