Effect of Bio Extract on the Forage Quality of Berseem
Effect of Bio Extract on the Forage Quality of Berseem
Saima Bibi* and Nazir Ahmad
ABSTRACT
The study evaluated the impact of bio-extracts (Phenolic compounds) and commercial tannic acid on the nutrient composition and in sacco digestibility of berseem fodder in three non-lactating ruminally cannulated Holstein cows at the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. The cows were fed a diet of 90% fodder and 10% concentrate on a dry matter basis. Five Plant-derived phenolic compounds and commercial tannic acid at concentration of 1.5%, 3.0% and 4.5% were used. The phenolic extracts were prepared by treating plants in hot water, allowing biological activity at room temperature and then filtering. These extracts were then applied to berseem fodder to assess changes in nutrient composition. The treatment decreased neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF), and acid detergent lignin (ADL) while increasing in sacco digestibility of the fiber. Significant variations (P<0.001 were observed in DM, CP, NDF, ADF, ADL and in sacco digestibility between pre and post treatment samples. The CP content of berseem ranged from 16.4% to 22.2% of DM, with highest in berseem treated with seed extracts phenolic compounds and 4.5% tannic acid and the lowest in untreated berseem. DM content varied from 23.1% to 26.9% with the highest in berseem silage treated with Bakayan seeds and 4.5% tannic acid. Significant differences (P<0.001) were found in NDF, ADF, ADL contents, with the lowest values in Bakayan seeds plus 4.5% tannic acid treatment. pH varied significantly from 4.70 to 5.20. The in sacco digestability showed significant differences with DM disappearance ranging from 39.5% to 59.3% after 36 hours of incubation, CP disappearance from 52.4% to 82.3%, NDF from 49.6% to 69.9% and ADF from 39.8 to 73.5%. Treated berseem generally had higher digestibility. Among phenolic compound treatment, Bakayan seed with 4.5% tannic acid had highest CP (22.2%) and lowest NDF (33.3%), ADF (23.5%) and ADL (5.9%). It also had the highest in sacco disappearance rates for DM (59.3%), NDF (69.9%), ADF (73.5%) and the lowest disappearance of CP (52.4%). The results show that phenolic and tannic treatments effectively improve berseem’s nutritive value and digestibility.
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