A New Herbal Combination and Trigonella foenum graceum Improve Insulin Resistance, Insulin Signaling Genes, Adipokines Level and Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
A New Herbal Combination and Trigonella foenum graceum Improve Insulin Resistance, Insulin Signaling Genes, Adipokines Level and Body Weight in Type 2 Diabetic Rat Model
Sana Eijaz, Asmat Salim* and Mohammad Anwar Waqar
ABSTRACT
Trigonella foenum graceum, Cinnamomum cassia, Momordica charantia, Eugenia jambolana, Gymnema sylvestre and Camellia sinensis are well known anti-diabetic nutritional herbs. However, inadequate data is available regarding their molecular mechanism of action. In this study, we used a new combination of the aforementioned herbs and Trigonella foenum graceum as a separate treatment. We investigated their effect on the blood glucose level, body weight, expression of some of the insulin signaling genes in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue including insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B (PKB), and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) and protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) genes and on different adipokines level. Wister rats were used to develop type 2 diabetes using high fat diet and streptozotocin and treated with the extracts. Glucose level and body weight was checked throughout the study. The expression of insulin signaling genes was observed in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue by performing RT-PCR. Moreover, the level of adipokines was measured by using ELISA. Data was analyzed by t-test and One-way ANOVA using SPSS. Significant improvement was observed in the blood glucose level and body weight of diabetic rats that received the herbal combination and Trigonella foenum graceum extract. The expression levels of several genes including insulin receptor (INSR), insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1), phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3-K), protein kinase B (PKB), and phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase-1 (PDK-1) were significantly increased whereas those of protein tyrosine phosphatase-1B (PTP-1B) and protein kinase C-theta (PKC-θ) were significantly decreased in both skeletal muscle and adipose tissue of the test groups as compared to the diseased control. Moreover, both the extracts also restored the level of serum adiponectin and leptin. Our data suggests that the antidiabetic activity of these herbs may be due to the action on insulin signaling genes and adipokines level along with the normalization of blood glucose and body weight. These herbs may offer a safe and economic strategy and has nutritional significance for the cure and prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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