Clinicopathological Studies on Urine Retention in Barki Rams
Clinicopathological Studies on Urine Retention in Barki Rams
Asmaa A Darwish*
ABSTRACT
Urine retention is a significant concern in sheep farming due to its economic implications. It may result in fluid and solute imbalance, renal failure, bladder rupture, azotemia, and death. This study aimed to examine the immunological and clinicopathological alterations associated with urine retention in sheep. Twenty Barki rams were apparently-healthy and considered the control group (CG) and twenty Barki rams suffered from urine retention considered the diseased group (DG). Blood samples were collected from both groups and immunological and clinicopathological parameters were estimated and statistically analyzed. Diseased rams displayed a significant (P<0.05) increase in the pro-inflammatory cytokines, acute phase proteins, free radicals, globulin, triglycerides, kidney function tests, and liver enzymes concentrations and a significant (P<0.05) decrease in IL-10, antioxidants, total protein, albumin, glucose, total lipids, cholesterol, minerals, electrolytes, and trace elements concentrations. The DG hemogram clarified a significant (P<0.05) microcytic hypochromic anemia accompanied by neutrophilic leukocytosis and lymphocytopenia, and their iron profile characterized by a significant (P<0.05) hypoferremia, hypotransferrinemia, and hyperferritinemia. After the urethral process amputation, ten rams showed marked improvement and returned healthy (survive group (SG)) and the other ten rams showed a noticeable deterioration and eventually died (dead group (DeG)). The estimated pro-inflammatory cytokines, APPs, and TAC yielded sensitivity and NPV as 100 % in DG (compared to CG) and DeG (compared to SG), but LR suggests TAC and IL-1β as the best markers for urine retention diagnosis and IL-1α, TNF-α, Fb, and ferritin as the best predictors for the urethral process amputation results. The study concluded that urine retention in rams resulted in a strong immune response with subsequent hemato-biochemical changes. TAC and IL-1β are reliable biomarkers for urine retention in sheep while, IL-1α, TNF-α, Fb, and ferritin are better for urethral process resection outcomes prediction.
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