Novel SNP Markers for Non-invasive Samples in Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana)
Novel SNP Markers for Non-invasive Samples in Tibetan Macaque (Macaca thibetana)
Hua Liu, Wei Hou, Li Peng, Changjun Peng, Yansen Cai and Jing Li*
ABSTRACT
Owing to the characteristic of high-throughput, easy transferability between laboratories and low genotyping error, single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) are considered to be preferable molecular markers for genetic population analysis. SNP markers that are suitable for non-invasive samples are important to wild population investigations in endangered species. Based on the whole genome sequences of Macaca thibetana, we successfully developed 26 SNP loci that were sensitive to non-invasive samples, then based on which, genetic diversity and population structure of three populations of M. thibetana were estimated. Our results showed the novel SNP loci were polymorphic and bi-allelic. The observed and expected heterozygosity across 38 individuals varied from 0.184-0.605 and 0.405-0.506, respectively. The minor allele frequency were ranged from 0.277 to 0.487 with an average of 0.417 per locus. We detected the lowest genetic diversity in the HS population compared with the EM and FJ population. Population analysis based on Structure and neighbour-joining tree revealed a unique genetic cluster of HS population and a similar genetic background and close relatedness between the EM and FJ population. It is the first reported polymorphic SNP markers in M. thibetana that can be applied to non-invasive samples, and the SNPs based analysis on the population structure and genetic diversity has provided new insight into the relationships among wild populations of M. thibetana.
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