Management of Nitrogen Sources with and without Beneficial Microbes and its Application Timing for Wheat Crop stand and Phenology Improvement
Management of Nitrogen Sources with and without Beneficial Microbes and its Application Timing for Wheat Crop stand and Phenology Improvement
Faiq Ahmad1, Shahen Shah1*, Muhammad Amin2, Ikram Ullah3, Sajid Ali4, Maaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakur5 and Sajjad Khan6
ABSTRACT
To manage nitrogen sources i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PM) and urea with and without beneficial microbes (BM) for improving phenology and crop stand of wheat, research was conducted at the Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2019-20. The experiment comprised of nitrogen application from integrated sources (50% FYM + 50% urea + BM, 50% FYM + 50% PM + BM, 50% PM + 50% urea + BM, 50% FYM + 50% urea – BM, 50% FYM + 50% PM – BM and 50% PM + 50% urea – BM) and N sources application timing (1, 15 and 30 days before sowing). Experiment also consists of two controls: one was 100% N from urea and other was without fertilizer. Organic sources (FYM and PM) added in the field above mentioned days before sowing, while urea applied in split form after sowing. These ratios compensated total of 120 kg N ha-1. Nitrogen application at the rate of 120 kg ha-1 compensated as 50% from FYM and 50% from urea without beneficial microbes resulted in delayed emergence (15.4 days) as compared to rest of treatments, while delayed heading (114.8 days), anthesis (124.7 days) and physiological maturity (158.9 days) were recorded with application of 120 kg N ha-1 applied as 50% from FYM and 50% from PM with beneficial microbes as compared to remaining treatments. Among the nitrogen sources application timing, delayed emergence (15.5 days) was recorded when nitrogen organic sources applied one day before sowing, while delayed heading (115.1 days), anthesis (125.3 days) and physiological maturity (159 days) were recorded when these sources applied one month before sowing. Maximum leaf area tiller-1 (118.9 cm2) and plant height (92.4 cm) were noted with addition of 120 kg N ha-1 applied as 50% from FYM and 50% from PM with beneficial microbes. Likewise, nitrogen sources application one month before sowing has increased leaf area tiller-1 (121.6 cm2) and plant height (91.3 cm). Therefore, it is recommended that 120 kg N ha-1 compensated as 50% each from FYM and PM with the combination of beneficial microbes and its application in the field one month before sowing can enhance phenology and crop stand.
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