Comparative Mitgenome Analysis of Anoplophora horsfieldi and Other Chrysomeloidea, Cucujiformia Insects Reveals Conserved Mitogenome Organization and Phylogeny
Comparative Mitgenome Analysis of Anoplophora horsfieldi and Other Chrysomeloidea, Cucujiformia Insects Reveals Conserved Mitogenome Organization and Phylogeny
Haifen Qin1,2, Yujia Liu1, Yujie Zhang1, Jingfeng Liu1, Zhenkun Zhao1,2 and Lichun Jiang1,2*
ABSTRACT
Mitochondrial genomes are important markers using to reconstruct phylogenetic status and reveal insect molecular evolution. In this study, the mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) of Anoplophora horsfieldi (Coleoptera: Chrysomelidae) was determined using high-throughput sequencing. The size of circular mitogenome is 15,796 bp and it includes a typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and an adenine + thymine (A+T)-rich region. The base composition of the major strand is A: 39.74%, T: 39.57%, G: 8.22%, and C: 12.47%, with a A+T content of 79.31%. The genomic analyses indicated that its gene arrangement and content is similar to that of other Cucujiformia species. The Anoplophora species control region sequence with rich A+T content exhibited high genetic variability. All PCGs initiate with ATN and terminate with the TAA or TAG except for COXI-COXIII and ND3-ND5, where they end with an incomplete stop codon (T--). All tRNAs form clover-leaf structure only apart from trnS (AGN) which possess a reduced DHU arm. The motifs ‘ATGATAA’ between ND4L and ND4, was more conserved than that between trnS (UCN) and ND1 and between ATP8 and ATP6 in the mitogenomes of Cucujiformia. The 1,143 bp A+T-rich area includes a 16 bp poly-T stretch, 14 bp poly-A stretch region, three microsatellite-like repeats of (TA)n and three other random repetitive sequences. Based on 13 PCGs of 118 Cucujiformia mitogenomes, the phylogenetic analyses are reconstructed with both maximum likelihood and Bayesian analyses and a consistent topology is formed. The results show that A. horsfieldi grouped with A. glabripennis and A. chinensis with high nodal supports. It also supports such phylogenetic relationships of ((Lymexyloidea + Tenebrionoidea) + (Curculionoidea + (Chrysomeloidea + (Cucujoidea + (Cleroidea + Coccinelloidea))))) within Cucujiformia. Therefore, A. horsfieldi mitogenome enriches our understanding of the phylogenetic relationship of Chrysomelidae. In addition, it is used to establish phylogenetic trees and further study the phylogenetic relationship between Cucujiformia and Chrysomeloidea.
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