Physiological, Biochemical and Morphological Responses of Plants to Water Deficit Conditions: A Review
Physiological, Biochemical and Morphological Responses of Plants to Water Deficit Conditions: A Review
Wadood Shah* and Sanam Zarif Satti
ABSTRACT
It is now universally accepted that global warming is the cause of climatic changes and that it is a major threat for the twenty-first century. The current climate crisis has made water shortage stress worse and limits plant growth and productivity by reducing nutrient uptake and increasing osmotic load. In addition, dramatic climatic changes can reduce water availability, leading to a variety of problems, including the ongoing limited water condition. The present review article intends to critically analyze morpho-physiological and growth, responses of plants to various levels of drought stress as well as their ability to regulate and alleviate the negative consequences of low water availability. Meeting the world’s population’s continual increase in food consumption is hampered significantly by drought stress. Plants adjust their cellular osmotic potential and water potential in response to stressors, by increasing root length, closing stomata to reduce transpiration and also activating their natural defensive mechanisms by producing anti-oxidative enzymes and accumulating osmoprotectants. Changes in photosynthetic pigments are one of several factors that affect how much water is accessible to plants under scarce water situation. Photosynthetic pigments, antioxidant enzymes and phenolic compounds play a vital role in a plant’s capacity to endure drought stress conditions.
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