Yellow Rust Surveillance and Deployment of Wheat Cultivars in the Region of Pathogen Diversity in Pakistan
Yellow Rust Surveillance and Deployment of Wheat Cultivars in the Region of Pathogen Diversity in Pakistan
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
ABSTRACT
Yellow rust, caused by Puccinia striiformis f.sp. tritici, is one of the most important diseases of wheat in many parts of the world including Pakistan. Surveillance for yellow rust occurrence, distribution and impact on wheat landscape was carried out along with recent deployment status of cultivars during 2012 in northwest Pakistan located close to the center of diversity of P. striiformis f.sp. tritici. Around 1600 wheat fields were sampled covering a geographical area of little less than 5000 acres in the southern, central and northern zones located in the Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) Province. Yellow rust occurrence was distributed over an area of 463 acres in all three wheat production zones. Maximum yellow rust impact values (estimated by Field Impact Factor (FIF) of 121, 201 and 328 were recorded in Bannu (Southeren Zone), Nowshara (Central Zone) and Mansehra (Northeren Zone), respectively. Fields with yellow rust incidence of 26% or higher than 26% were found maximum in the northeren zone (30%) which was followed by the central (6%) and southern zone (2%). Frequency of yellow rust severity of 5 (20-29% leaf area affected) to 9 (>75% of leaf area affected) was maximum in northeren zone (40%) which was followed by the central (10%) and southern zone (3.5%). A total of 35 known and unknown cultivars were deployed in the three wheat production zones and out of these, each of the 22 occupied less than 1% acreage. Remaining wheat cultivars including Atta Habib, Auqab-2002, Bhakkar-2002, Bathoor-2008, Fakhar-e-Sarhad, Hashim-2008, Inqilab-91, Pirsabak-2004, Pirsabak-2005, Sehar-2006 and Serin-2010 occupied 94% of the acreage in the three zones. Sehar-2006 was the dominant wheat cultivar occupied 54% of the total wheat area which is already susceptible and carries an undesirable Yr9 gene. Cultivars with effective yellow rust resistance genes have negligible deployment area which included Tatara (Yr3, Yr5, Yr26), Shafaq-2006 (Yr5, Yr10), Pirsabak-2005 (Yr5, Yr26, Yr30) and Saleem-2000 (Yr5, Yr18, Yr26). Seeds of these cultivars should be increased and deployed on priority bases for yellow rust management in the region.
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