Protective Efficacy of the Commercial Vaccine against H9N2 Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Rare Wild Birds in Shanghai Zoo
Protective Efficacy of the Commercial Vaccine against H9N2 Avian Influenza and Newcastle Disease in Rare Wild Birds in Shanghai Zoo
Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*
ABSTRACT
Avian influenza (AI) and Newcastle disease (ND) are the two diseases which most threaten the health of birds and poultry. To prevent these two diseases, poultry immunization procedures have been rigorously standardized. Wild birds in Shanghai Zoo are currently immunized against both diseases with commercial vaccines for birds, but their immune status and the immune effect are not very clear. In order to determine the protective effect of the current AI (H9 subtype) and ND vaccines on wild birds in Shanghai Zoo and to explore a more reasonable and effective immunization scheme, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to detect antibodies in some rare wild birds in the zoo six months after vaccination and to investigate the protection efficiency of the two vaccines. The results show that the H9 subtype AI immunization programs adopted by Shanghai Zoo can enable wild birds such as pheasants, waterfowl, and waders to produce antibody titers that meet national standards. The current immunization program against ND can provide sufficient protection for pheasants and waterfowl, but in some wading birds fails to reach 100% due to different species, which needs to be verified in future work. Therefore, if necessary, the vaccination interval between administration of AI vaccines (H9 subtype) can be appropriately extended to reduce the stress reaction caused by capture and vaccination and reduce the economic cost of disease prevention and control. In regard to the ND vaccine, different immunization programs should be formulated for different bird species; immunization procedures can be optimized, and the antibody level of wading birds should be monitored after vaccination.
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