The Possible Protective Role of Aqueous Extract of Propolis against Hepatotoxicity, Renal and Testicular Toxicity Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Male White Rats
The Possible Protective Role of Aqueous Extract of Propolis against Hepatotoxicity, Renal and Testicular Toxicity Induced by Cadmium Chloride in Male White Rats
Khalid M. Al-Syaad1,2
ABSTRACT
Cadmium chloride (CC) is a harmful contaminant produced through the manufacturing of batteries, dyes, plastics, fertilisers, and cigarette smoke. Also, CC exposure causes decreased liver, kidney, and testicular functioning, as well as significant histopathological abnormalities. Therefore, the present study investigated the toxic effect of CC and the protective effect of Propolis aqueous extract on CC-induced toxicity in male rats. A total of 24 Wistar albino rats were included in this study, divided into four groups; each group containing 6 rats and administered the treatment doses orally by gavage for 28 days. Control, treated with a physiological solution (5.0 ml/rat). CC-treated group, treated with CC 15 mg/kg/bw. CC+propolis, treated with CC 15 mg/kg/bw + 30 mg/kg/bw propolis. Propolis-treated group, treated with 30 mg/kg/bw propolis. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis, and tissue samples (liver, kidney, and testes) were collected for histopathological examination. The results showed that the presence of CC increased (P<0.001) the levels of liver enzymes (ALT; alanine aminotransferase and AST; aspartate aminotransferase), creatinine and urea in the blood serum and lipid peroxidation product (TBARS). While decreased (P<0.001) the total antioxidant capacity (TAC) and number of spermatozoa compared with control group. The histological examination of the kidney revealed alterations induced by CC, including atrophy, tubular necrosis, enlargement of the glomeruli, dilatation and congestion of the glomerular capillaries (G) and the blood vessels around the renal tubules, atrophy in some renal glomeruli, hemorrhage, and around edema interstitial the blood vessels. It is concluded that utilizing propolis with CC considerably reduced the biochemical and histological damage produced by CC, and it is suggested that propolis could be utilized as a cytoprotective agent against CC pathological toxicity.
Keywords | Propolis, Inflammation, Oxidative stress, Antioxidant, Cadmium chloride toxicity, Histopathology, Herbal medicine, Biochemical indices
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September 2023
Vol. 11, Iss. 9, pp. 1411-1596
