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Competitive Study Between Raw and Nano-Propolis as Feed Additive in Broiler and its Effect on the Immune System

Competitive Study Between Raw and Nano-Propolis as Feed Additive in Broiler and its Effect on the Immune System

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

1Department of Immunology, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; 2Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; 3Department of Virology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt; 4Reference Laboratory for Veterinary Quality Control on Poultry Production (RLQP), Animal Research Institute (AHRI), Agriculture Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt.

 
*Correspondence | Dalia M.A. Elmasry, Nanomaterials Research and Synthesis Unit, Animal Health Research Institute (AHRI), Agricultural Research Center (ARC), Giza, Egypt; Email: [email protected]

ABSTRACT

Propolis is one of the natural bee products with many biological properties. It is well known by enhancing digestion and nutrient absorption, immunostimulant and hepatoprotective effect. Nanopropolis is a natural nanomaterial that could be used to improve the properties of propolis to be easily applied. Propolis nanoparticles are easily absorbed and have better antibacterial and antifungal effects than ordinary propolis. The present study aimed to compare propolis ethanolic extract (PEE) and propolis nanoemulsion (PN) as a feed additive in poultry farms by evaluating their influences on growth, immune status, and pathological conditions in chickens. The size, uniformity, and spherical shape of PN were measured at 4.065 ±1.12nm, with a polydispersity index of 0.021 which allows for easy blood vessel passage and renal clearance, fresh preparation without adding stabilizer cause zeta potential was recorded at -10 mV. Half maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of PN efficacy was found to be 111.5 ug/mL and had a functioning group-specific fingerprint that showing distinct bonds formed by the conversion of the pure propolis100% to nano-propolis 20% compound . The obtained data illustrated a significant impact on feed intake in the (PN) group and the feed conversion ratio in the (PN) and (PEE) groups compared to control group. PN results in an earlier elevation in lysozyme concentration at 14 days old, while PEE causes late elevation at 28 days old. Both PEE and PN had an equal elevating effect on total antioxidant capacity (TAC) at 14 and 35 days old compared to control group. (PN) group possessed a significant increase in IFN-γ and IL2 more than (PEE) group. Neither PEE nor PN had an effect on HI antibody titer against NDVV. Pathological examination revealed significant alleviation in the immune organ structure of both PEE and PN groups in which lymphoid depletion and inflammatory changes decreased. In contrast, the intestine of the PEE group showed more significant improvement than PN group on 21and28 days old with intact villi and few lymphocytic infiltrations. Indeed, using of PN as an additive with vaccine application in chickens will be of add value in term of growth, immune status and organs health.
 
Keywords: Propolis, Nanoemulsion, Growth performance, Immunity, Pathological finding

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Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

February

Adv. Anim. Vet. Sci., Vol. 13, Iss. 2,

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