5′ Flanking Region of Kappa-Casein Gene is Highly Polymorphic in Eight Dromedary Camel Breeds of Pakistan
5′ Flanking Region of Kappa-Casein Gene is Highly Polymorphic in Eight Dromedary Camel Breeds of Pakistan
Masroor Ellahi Babar*
ABSTRACT
Kappa-casein played critical role in the expression of milk protein. It stabilizes the milk micelle and gene 5’ flanking region which works valuably in transcription regulation. Current study illustrates that Kappa-casein gene 5︠ flanking region in Dromedary camel of Pakistan is highly polymorphic and it is phylogeneticaly linked with other mammals. The analyses of the sequence of 5︠ flanking region in various breeds reveals the presence of different polymorphic regions includes cysteine nucleotide deletion, AT bases insertion and transvertions (C>G; G>T). Deletion of A bases at c.1-1075 and hetrozygosity (CT) at the c1-1046 were analyzed along with some other SNPs are very important. These evidences points towards the change of expression of those protein which are nearest to the region of gene regulation and enhancer region. After observing taxas several distinct clads of camel breeds it was found that Kharani breed showed the close relationship with the C. dromedarius camel and all the breeds show a common ancestor that is sheep. For Casein loci in the Pakistani breeds these SNPs are the first to be reported.
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August 2020
Vol. 52, Iss. 4, Pages 1225-1630
