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Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1

 

Life Sciences International Journal Issue 7 Volume 1
...sequences similarity was determined between the representative strains. Furthermore, these strains have shown homology with previously characterized strains from Pakistan (O/PAK Lahore), Afghanistan, Iran, India, Nepal and Bhutan. Phylogenetically, these strains clustered into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II ...

Sehrish Kanwal, Ali Saeed, Muhammad Munir, Memoona Arshad

 

British Journal of Virology
...sequences similarity was determined between the representative strains. Furthermore, these strains have shown homology with previously characterized strains from Pakistan (O/PAK Lahore), Afghanistan, Iran, India, Nepal and Bhutan. Phylogenetically, these strains clustered into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II ...

Sehrish Kanwal1, Ali Saeed1*, Muhammad Munir2, Memoona Arshad1

British Journal of Virology
...sequences similarity was determined between the representative strains. Furthermore, these strains have shown homology with previously characterized strains from Pakistan (O/PAK Lahore), Afghanistan, Iran, India, Nepal and Bhutan. Phylogenetically, these strains clustered into PanAsian II lineage of FMD O serotype along with previously characterized strains of Pakistan. The network analysis of complete VP1 gene nucleotide sequence with other sixty PanAsian II ...

Gregg D. Caruso

...o;s actions are causally determined (ch.5) and develops a forward-looking theory of moral responsibility consistent with free will skepticism (ch.6). A significant contribution to the field, Free Will, Agency, and Meaning in Life is destined to become a classic and is essential reading for anyone interested in free will and moral responsibility.

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Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1

...trail was carried out to determine the influence of different planting dates and media on the growth of kiwi (cv. Hayward) cuttings at Agriculture Research Institute (ARI) Mingora Swat, during 2011. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with split plot arrangement in three replications. Planting Dates (20th Jan, 30th Jan, 10th Feb, 20th Feb and 2nd March) were allocated to main plots, whereas soil media (Silt+ Garden soil+ FYM)...

Shahid Ali, Munir Khan

...is study was designed to determine technical efficiency of wheat production in district Peshawar of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Data from 100 wheat growers were collected through multistage stratified random sampling technique during 2009-10. Stochastic frontier analysis was employed for the estimation of technical efficiency levels and its determinants. Maximum likelihood estimation (MLE) technique was applied to estimate stochastic frontier Cobb-Douglas pr...

Raja Waqar Ahmed Azad, Tahir Sarwar

...lected watercourses were determined by inflow-outflow method, wherein the flow velocity was measured using current meter. The conveyance losses were found 13.2%, 11.8% and 7.8% in watercourses Sarai, Derkot and Mera Dadu, respectively, which resulted in conveyance efficiency of 86.8%, 88.1% and 92.4%, respectively. Results showed that conveyance losses increased and conveyance efficiency decreased with the aging of watercourse. Hence, more repair and maintenan...

Varadaraja V. Raman

...y refers to any act (pre-determined and/or methodical) whose goal is to frighten and possibly kill people. Invading soldiers over the ages have terrorized innocent civilians in many regions of the world. Governments have terrorized their own people, the most glaring instance was in post-Revolutionary France during the Reign of Terror. On the other hand disgruntled, oppressed, and frustrated citizens (Irish Catholics, Algerian Muslims, Sri Lankan Tamils, etc.) ...

Masood ur Rahman1*, Zahid Mahmood2, Taj Ali2, Muhammad Aziz Irfan Mufti3, Jehangir Khan Seyal4, Munir Ahmad5

E-mail | [email protected]

 

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...e gear compositions were determined using atomic absorption. The gears under test exhibited significant difference in surface wear among each other. As compared to gear bronze commercial gun metal and gun metal showed surface wear of 245% and 109% respectively. The highest surface wear was observed in commercial gun metal whereas lowest surface wear was observed in gear bronze. It was concluded that gear bronze may be the best material composition for use in t...

Nayle Maria Oliveira da Silva1*, Ricardo do Carmo Zanella2

 

...among infected hosts can determine the progression and outcome of the virus infection, causing different individuals to respond in different ways to the viral infection.

 

 

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Malik Ikram Ullah1, Abdul Aziz Khakwani1*, Muhammad Sadiq1, Inayatullah Awan1, Muhammad Munir2, Ghazanfarullah1

...d trial was conducted to determine the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on forage production and quality and economic return of fodder maize cultivar Kissan. The experiment was conducted on silt loam soil at Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan during 2011. Six nitrogen treatments (80, 120, 160, 200, 240 and 280 kg ha-1) and a control one were studied in this trial. Growth and yield traits and quality such as plant height, stem dia...

John Stinespring, Ryan T. Cragun*

...to be both intuitive and determined by three parameter values. The authors illustrate its use by estimating these parameter values using biannual data from the 1973 to 2012 General Social Surveys (GSS). The parameter estimates from the first half of the GSS data series, 1973-1991, provide a good fit to the 1993-2012 data. Calibrating the model to the latter half of the data, 1993-2012, produces a forecast range of between 26% and 47% of the US population being...

Rick Repetti

...ipulation, and thus determined choices are unfree; and the randomness argument, which asserts that we cannot claim authorship
over random neural events; and Galen Strawson’s impossibility argument, which asserts that choices are always conditioned by mental states, so unconditioned free will is impossible. Although Buddhism sees the entire process that begins with beliefs and desires and culminates in actions as an ultimately i...

Oladipo Elijah Kolawole*, Oloke Julius Kola, Awoyelu Elukunbi Hilda, Olasunmibo Oluwatobi Gabriel, Ogunyale Tolulope Temitope

E-mail | koladipo2k3@ yahoo.co.uk

...study was carried out to determine the sero- prevalence of Hepatitis E among people living with Human Immunodeficiency Virus in Ogbomoso. The blood sample of consented two hundred and seventy five (275) subjects were obtained and their sera were screened for antibodies to HEV using Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Samples were collected over a period of 4 months (September – December, 2014). The mean age and mean CD4+ count of the subjects were 40.14&p...

Rodolfo Villagra-Blanco1*, Gaby Dolz1, Danilo Montero-Caballero2, Juan Jose Romero-Zuniga2

...k and protective factors determined in the present study were not in accordance with this insect borne disease. The results of this study indicate that BTV is endemic in sheep herds from Costa Rica, and animals seem not show clinical signs. We recommend carrying out further studies, to determine the presence of BTV in goats and wild ruminants, and to identify serotypes present in the country.

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Tomas Jinnerot1*, Karin Malm1, Erik Eriksson1 and Jonas Johansson Wensman2

E-mail | [email protected]

...e limit of detection was determined to 4x103 bacteria per mL of nasal swab sample and less than 10 copies of target DNA per PCR reaction. Out of 23 isolates of B. bronchiseptica tested, one isolate from a hedgehog was not amplified. Sequencing of the 16S rDNA showed that the isolate was similar to strains of both B. bronchiseptica and B. parapertussis but was considered to be of minor importance for&nbs...

Mohammad Taghi Karimi

...aim of this review is to determine the effciency of various orthoses to reduce kyphotic curve based on the available literature. A search was performed in some databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, Embasco and ISI Web of Knowledge between 1960 and 2015 years. Keywords such as kyphosis, spinal deformities were used in combination with orthosis, brace and corset. The searched outcome indicated that there were at least 15 articles published on this ...

Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Hidayat-ur-Rahman2, Sheraz Ahmed2* and Fakharuddin2

...esearch was conducted to determine heterosis for various agronomic and biochemical traits in Flue Cured Virginia tobacco. Seven tobacco varieties/lines, ‘NC606’, ‘K399’, ‘Spt G 126’, ‘Spt G 28’, ‘KHG21’, ‘KHG22’ and ‘KHG24’ with contrasting traits were crossed in all possible combinations to generate 7 x 7 diallel crosses. In 2008 and 2009, all F1 hybrids along with ...

 Muhammad Ishaq and Raziuddin

 
...sp;Combining ability was determined in an 8 × 8 diallel intra specific F1 crosses in rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) during 2011-2013 to scrutinized potential lines, hybrids, and nature of gene action involved in the inheritance of maturity and plant architecture traits. Analyzed data revealed highly significant differences among the genotypes for days to flowering, maturity, plant height, primary branches plant-1 and main raceme length. Analysis of combini...

 Zafar Khan, Asad Sultan, Rajwali Khan, Sarzamin Khan, Imranullah and Kamran Farid

 
...oultry egg and meat were determined in the following three districts; Peshawar, Dir Lower and Malakand of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa by using atomic absorption spectrophotometer. In all the three districts the egg albumen was found to contain significantly higher levels of Pb, Cd and Cr as compared to egg yolk which contains significantly higher levels of essential elements (Fe, Mn and Zn). The mean concentrations of toxic heavy metals; Pb, Cd and Cr in albumen sample...

 Umed Ali Laghari, Ahmed Naqi Shah, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Zia-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro and Khalid Hussain Talpur

...ignificantly (p<0.05) determined the yield of grass pea. However, their interaction remained non-significant for all the traits of grass pea under study. As expected, the increasing rate of K significantly (p<0.05) increased various growth traits and yield of grass pea genotypes. The crop supplied with 20 kg K2O ha-1 produced maximum branches per plant (5.2), pods per plant (32.3), seeds per pod (4.7), seed index (82.7 g) and seed yield (2589 kg ha-1) wh...

Koksal Karadas1, Muhammad Tariq2, Mohammad Masood Tariq3* and Ecevit Eyduran4

...the investigation was to determine several factors affecting lactation milk yield amounts of indigenous Akkaraman ewes reared in Sanliurfa (137 farms) and Hakkari (113 farms) provinces of Turkey. For the determination process, the statistical predictive accuracy of GLM (General Linear Model), CART (Classification and Regression Tree), CHAID (Chi-square Automatic Interaction Detector), Exhaustive CHAID, and a ANN type MLP (Multilayer Perceptron) in the predicti...

Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Waqar Ahmad1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhamamd Khalid Rafique1, Noor Islam1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1 and Zain Ul Abiden2 

...study was carried out to determine the effects of screen bottom board trays on reducing ectoparasitic mite Varroa destructor Anderson and Trueman (Acari:Varroidae) populations in honeybee Apis mellifera linguistica (Hymenoptera: Apidae) colonies in the winter, spring and summer season (2013-14). Four honeybee colonies were exposed to oxalic acid (3.2%), thymol (0.5 g) and formic acid (65%) on screen bottom boards in winter, spring and summer seasons. The fourt...

Hina Fatima, Muhammad Azeem Khan, Mahreen Zaid-Ullah, Abdul-Jabbar, Khurram Nawaz Saddozai

...FA) has been employed to determine the technical efficiency of these growers. Technical efficiency has been found dissimilar under both the situations. The estimated mean technical efficiency of NonBT cotton farmers has been found to be 0.70, and 0.90 is the technical efficiency found in that of the BT cotton farmers. Hence the average output of Non-BT cotton and BT-cotton farms could be increased by 30 and 10 percent, respectively by adopting the technology w...

 Shaoling Lin and Jiamiao Hu

... pUL85). Interaction was determined and confirmed with yeast two-hybrid, GST pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation analyses. This interaction may serve as a link in the processes of HCMV capsidation and tegumentation. This study provides further evidences in the functions of tegument proteins in the assembly of HCMV virons.

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Wan-Long Zhu* and Gao Wenrong 

...adjustments. In order to determine the contributions of temperature and photoperiod to seasonal changes in body mass and thermogenesis in Apodemus chevrieri, we examined seasonal-acclimatized and lab-acclimated animals on several physiological, hormonal, and biochemical markers indicative of thermogenic capacity. The results showed that A. chevrieri adapt to winter or under cold condition by increasing thermogenesis and food intake. The pres...

Zuhao Huang1, Feiyun Tu2 and Dianhua Ke1*

...er M. viridis was determined. The mitogenome is a circular DNA molecule of 18,295 bp and comprises of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes and two control regions CR and CCR, which was first reported in the order Coraciiformes. The overall A+T content for the mitogenome is 52%, and the GC and AT skews are -0.400 and 0.108. Unlike to many other birds, no extra base is inserted at certain position relative to ND3. Interestingly, a 484bp ...

Abida Saleem, Sajida Parveen and Muhammad Jamal Khan

... adsorption capacity was determined by adding 50 ml of 0, 5, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, 240 and 360 mg Zn L-1 (initially Zn applied, IZnA) to 5 g soil with absence (non-treated) or to soil pretreated with FYM, PM or BC at rate of 10 g kg-1. The suspension was shaken on horizontal shaker for 20 h continuously to assess the equilibrium Zn concentration (EZnC). The difference between the IZnA and EZnC was assumed to be adsorbed. Results showed that FYM, PM or BC yielde...

Halide Nihal Açikgöz1*, Serdal Kenan Köse2 and Ali Açikgöz3

 

 

...ent indices were used to determine diversity (Shannon-Wiener [H’], Simpson Dominance [Sd], Simpson Diversity [S], Margalef Species Richness Indices, Pielou’s Evenness [EH], and Simpson Resiprocal Indices). Calliphora vicina (Robineau-Desvoidy), Calliphora vomitoria (Linnaeus), Lucilia sericata (Meigen) and Lucilia richardsi (Collin) (Diptera: Calliphoridae) were identified. C. vicina was found in whole year in 2012 and 2015. All of the fly species ...

Metin Duru1*, Asuman Arslan Duru1, Köksal Karadaş2, Ecevit Eyduran3, Harun Cinli4 and Mohammad Masood Tariq5

...nt work was conducted to determine the effect of dried carrot (Daucus carota) leaf powder at different amounts on some external and internal egg characteristics of Hy-line white laying hens as a commercial type through two-way ANOVA, to estimate the Pearson correlation between pairs of egg external and internal characteristics and to predict each of egg internal characteristics from egg external characteristics, treatment and week through CHAID analysis. A tot...

Haji Muhammad, Zafar Iqbal* and Saira Saleemi

...t study was conducted to determine the fish fauna of Indus River at Taunsa Barrage, situated in South Punjab Pakistan. The survey was conducted from September 2013 to August, 2014 at eight sampling sites to ascertain fish diversity and their distribution pattern. A total 2249 fish specimen were collected using a variety of fish nets and identifications of these fishes were made by using standard taxanomic keys on the basis of morphometric characters. Seventy s...

Irfan Ullah and Abbas Ullah Jan

... food commodities and to determine the effects of important economic factors such as prices and income. Flexible Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System model is used to estimate food demand patterns using the Household Integrated Economic Survey of Pakistan for the year 2011-12. Food products are categorized into fourteen groups including milk, meat, fruits, vegetables, sugar, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cereals, pulses, oil and fats, ...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...ucted in a greenhouse to determine the population dynamics of the root knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita, and the nematophagous fungus, Lecanicillium muscarium, on tomato. The nematode population densities were measured by determining the number of galls and egg masses, juveniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with antagonistic fungal conidia levels (1×103, 1&time...

Misbah Riaz1, Qaiser Mansoor2, Maleeha Akram1, Muhammad Ismail2, Parveen Akhtar3, Shakeel Mirza4, Mazhar Qayyum1, Afzaal Ahmed Naseem1, Faheem Tahir5 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1*

...acid. The other mutation determined at nucleotide position 101, was a missense mutation, which substituted serine with phenylalanine at 34th position of extracellular domain of GNRHR. The Ser34Phe mutation was manifested in phenotypic traits such as low concentrations of FSH, LH and T and delayed puberty. In conclusion, mutations in GNRHR may cause delay in male puberty in Pakistani population.

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Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2

...flavonoids contents were determined using a spectrophotometric method. The antiradical scavenging property and the maximum nontoxic concentration of the extract was determined using DPPH assay and MTT method, respectively. Serial concentrations of the extract not exceed the maximum nontoxic concentration were used against Vero cells for anti-HSV-1 and ant-HSV-2 effects by plaque assay. The results of the phytochemical a...

Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan

...a adipokines levels were determined in fed and fasting monkeys. Four intact adult male monkeys were used in this study. 50 nmol of NMS was injected intravenously. Blood samples were collected individually 60 min before and 120 min after NMS administration at 15 min intervals. The plasma adipokines concentrations were determined by using specific Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) kits. 48 h fasting significantly increased plasma adipo...

Süleyman Kök1*, Sertaç Atalay1, Hasan Semih Eken2 and Mustafa Savaşçi3

...(C/T) of CAPN1 4751 were determined with ARMS-PCR method. This study was conducted to determine three SNPs which were related to meat quality in 130 purebred female and male samples of TGC breed. In TGC samples, C allele frequencies related to UoG-CAST, CAPN1 316 and CAPN1 4751 polymorphisms were found to be 0.6038, 0.1115 and 0.5654, respectively. CC genotype frequencies in the three polymorphic areas in TGC were calculated...

Muhammad Sohail1,*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Naureen Aziz Qureshi2 and Abdul Shakoor Chaudhry3

... of mussels were used to determine the DNA damage by comet assay. The tail DNA (%), comet tail length and olive tail moment (OTM) were the parameters selected to detect DNA damage. Low doses (120 µg L-1) of each metal induced significantly higher levels of DNA strands breaks as compared to medium dose (240 µg L-1) and very low levels of DNA damaged was observed at high dose (360 µg L-1). Cu and Pb showed significantly higher value of % of tai...

Abdur Rahim1, Ghulam Abbas1, Muhammad Naeem2, Sara Ferrando3, Lorenzo Gallus3, Noor Khan4, Muhammad Hafeez-ur-Rehman4, Abdul Ghaffar5 and Abdul Mateen6

...h; 61.26% and energy was determined as 4042.0 cal/g – 4558.0 cal/g. Dry mater was calculated as 87.43% – 93.13% and fat was noted as 15.29% – 26.23%. Ash was found to be 12.32%–18.32% and fiber remained as 7.52% – 13.12%. Phosphorus was found as 0.21%–1.8%. In fish meal preparation, 24 species belonging to different families were noted in which the most abundantly used species were sardine (Dussumieria acuta), mullet (Liza c...

Sabri Unal1, ASır Er2, Erol Akkuzu1* and Lubomir Salek3

...rs 2013-2014 in order to determine the phenology of the predator Coccinella septempunctata Linnaeus (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) and to evaluate its efficacy on Macrosiphum rosae (Linnaeus) (Hemiptera: Aphididae) in Kastamonu, Turkey. Rearing of C. septempunctata was carried out at 21.3±4.00ºC and 78.8±9.44% relative humidity. The first, second, third and fourth larval instars of C. septempunctata consumed 20.3, 54.3, 108.2, and 232.7 M. rose...

Faiqah Ramzan*1 and Muhammad Haris Ramzan2

... citric acid levels were determined photometrically. The levels decreased significantly at all tested doses. Intermittent administration of Kisspeptin –10 negatively regulates the prostatic citric acid levels in adult male mice.

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Bibi Tayyaba Batool1, Aemal Tareen1, Shahjahan Shabir Ahmed1, Hira Ejaz1, Mohammad Azam Kakar1, Syed Abdul Rehman2, Mohammed Saeed1, Zafar Ahmad3, Mohammad Masood Tariq3, Mohammad Arif Awan3 and Muhammad Naeem Shahwani1*

...aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of brucellosis and bovine tuberculosis in cattle, goats and sheep in some primary dwelling districts of Balochistan. Our results showed that brucellosis was found 2.2% positive from Quetta district and 0.6% positive from Pishin district and bovine (TB) was found 0.60% positive from Quetta and none from Pishin district of Balochistan.

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Oladipo Elijah Kolawole, Oloke Julius Kola and Awoyelu Hilda Elukunbi

...is study was designed to determine the incidence of EBV in Human immune-deficient virus (HIV)-infected individuals in Ogbomoso, Oyo State, Nigeria. Two hundred and seventy eight HIV-infected individuals were screened for EBV antibodies over a period of four months (August to November, 2014). The sera of individuals were subjected to serological assay for IgM using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The mean age of subjects was 39.5±0.48 years and the me...

Aiza Tahir, Muhammad Asif, Zaigham Abbas and Shafiq ur Rehman*

...ges SA, SANF and SA2 was determined against ten isolates of Staphylococci and one Micrococcus, isolated from five raw milk samples. Their morphological, biochemical characterization and 16S rRNA sequencing indicated that two strains were S. aureus, while all others were different coagulase negative Staphylococci. Their sensitivity against three phages indicated broad host range of phages SANF and SA2, and relatively narrow host range of phage SA. Phage SNAF sh...

Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*

...used. The best model was determined by considering the root mean square error, R2 % and asymptotic correlation coefficient criteria. We concluded that the Gompertz and Richards models were favourable for singletons and that the Richards model was favorable for determining twin Colored Mohair goat growth characteristics. Birth type should be considered in subsequent genetic evaluations. Furthermore, producing heavier carcasses (13-17 kg) in < 150 days may in...

Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1

... plant extracts was also determined. Syzygium aromaticum was proven to have excellent antimicrobial activity against all tested microorganisms, while C. sinensis and M. piperita showed weak antimicrobial activity. Methanolic plant extracts exhibited greater antimicrobial activity than aqueous extracts. Maximum zone of inhibition exhibited by methanolic extracts of S. aromaticum was 10 mm and 20 mm in mono and mixed culture bacterial isolates, respectively. The...

Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*

... natural populations. To determine if cooperative breeding occurs in populations unassociated with humans, we surveyed two natural populations in the Ganzi Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture in western China. We compared the demography of the natural populations with that of the habituated population. The results showed that facultative cooperative breeding occurred in the two natural populations, but population density, group density, and the frequency of cooperat...

Muhammad Saeed* and Iftikhar Hussain Khalil

...d components traits were determined. The main objective of the research was identification and proper selection of best performing wheat parental genotypes and best F1 crosses, based on GCA and SCA estimates. Significant differences were observed among the wheat genotypes for all the studied traits. The estimates of σ2gca and σ2sca and its ratio (σ2gca/σ2sca) indicated that non-additive genetic expression were pre-dominant for most of t...

Aziz-ul-Rahman, Farooq Yousaf, Naveed Anwar and Muhammad Abubakar

...ed using PPRV antigen to determine antibody titres level. The overall prevalence of antibodies to PPRV in goats and sheep were 66.22% (521 samples) and 65.76% (444 samples), respectively. Sero-prevalence of anti-PPRV antibodies was found higher in adults (69.14% with GMT 17.91) than in young (62.47% with GMT 12.85). Furthermore, seasonal seropositivity seasons was recorded and sero-prevalence during summer was found to be higher (72.84% with GMT 20.18) than ot...

Ahmed Zein Mahmoud, Muaz Abdellatif and Ahmed Abdalla

...a. The seroprevalece was determined by NP-epitopes based competitive ELISA. The overall prevalence was 59.9%, goats had a significantly higher sero-prevalence of 75.3% compared to 59.4% obtained from sheep, whereas camels were seronegative. The prevalence of PPR was increasing from 27.9% in 2011 to 77.3% in 2016. Seropositivity was higher in wet seasons (60.9 to 61.4%) to 56.7% in dry hot season. Species, year and location appeared to be having significant eff...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar

...t study is an attempt to determine the impact of Palai dam on the land use and cropping pattern, crop production and revenue of mouza Qilla, Tehsil Tangi, district Charsadda in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Secondary data was collected from revenue office Tangi, and was geospatially analyzed in ARC GIS 10.1. Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based set of procedures used to store and analyze geographically-referenced data. Primary data ...

Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir

...study was carried out to determine the effect of tillage with and without residues and organic and inorganic fertilizers on yield of wheat-maize cropping systems in the erosion-vulnerable sub-humid area. Treatments included tillage levels i.e. ST (shallow tillage), STR (shallow tillage with residues), DT (deep tillage) and DTR (deep tillage with residues). Sub plots had three fertilizer’s levels viz. F1 (control), F2 (inorganic f...
Yusuf Koc1, Ecevit Eyduran1* and Omer Akbulut2
...each combination. It was determined that CHAID algorithm constructed more suitable tree structures, biologically in comparison to Exhaustive CHAID and CART data mining algorithms. Consequently, it is recommended that the biological suitability of the constructed tree structure should be taken account together with estimating model quality criteria.
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Önder Duysak*andKübra Azdural
...uminium (Al) were determined in tissue of Patella caerulea from various population in Iskenderun Bay, Turkey.Our study focused on seasonal variation of some heavy metals and aluminium in Patella caerulea L., 1758 tissues collected from eight different sampling stations of Iskenderun Bay. The concentration of heavy metal in P. caerulea tissues tended to vary significantly between season and stations.The distribution of heavy metals i...
Muge Aliye Hekimoglu*, Kgrşat Fırat, Şahin Saka, Cüney Suzer, Aysun Kop and Yaşar Durmaz
...content of fish skin was determined at30-day intervals. At the end of the experiment the highest weight gain was found to be 1.73±0.37g in Group B, whereas the lowest performance (1.29±0.38 g) was received in Group C. The best feed conversion ratio was found in at Group B. The total carotenoid content of skin of fish were found to be 0.77±0.61 µg.g-1 on the initial day in the experimental group. As a result of the measurem...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
... and mortality rate were determined to evaluate resistance of wood against H. indicola. Populus euramericana and Dalbergia sissoo were observed most palatable and resistant wood species, respectively, in no-choice laboratory and field trials. Five different wooden pairs were evaluated in choice bioassays in laboratory and field conditions. In force feeding field bioassays, least mass loss was recorded on D. sissoo (0.19±0.07g...
Pinar Oztopcu-Vatan1, Gokhan Kus2, Emine Inan3, Melek Gunindi Korkut3, Selda Kabadere4,* and Ruhi Uyar4
...ma cell line (H4IIE). We determined in vitro survival rate with MTT assay, the morphological changes with an inverted microscope, apoptosis using flow cytometry and statistical significance with one way analysis of variance followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test. IC50 values of licofelone were determined as 171 µM for 24 h and 140 µM for 48 h applications. Used as a positive control,...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2* and Syed Shahid Ali3
... and aryl esterases were determined in 4th & 6th instar larvae and adult beetles of phosphine-tolerant populations (previously exposed to phosphine for 15 years) of wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from various storage facilities of Punjab, Pakistan viz., Mandi Bahauddin-I, Mandi Bahauddin-II, Gujrat, Gujranwala and Sargodha. The activities of all esterases tested were significantly increased in all field...

 Ali Zurwan1,*, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din2, Ghulam Bilal2, Zia-ur-Rehman1,2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khan1

...istency of lactation was determined using five indices viz. Wood, Johnson and Hansen, Mahadevan, Ludwick amd Petersen and Gajbhiye and Tripathi. Statistical model included fixed effects of period and season of calving and parity and random factors of animal. Indices values for Wood, Johnson and Hansen, Mahadevan, Ludwick and Petersen and Gajbhiye and Tripathi were 138.66, 75.68, 243.65, 85.84 and 275.41, respectively. Moreover, our results indicated tha...
Yang Wang1, Zhide Cheng2, Mengjie Tang3, Haixia Zhou1, Xiaolu Yuan4,Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Shuting Mao1 and Jing Wang1,*
...ka skeletal muscles were determined by real-time PCR and Western blot. The LDH activities, lactate contents and ATP levels in skeletal muscle were compared between the experimental group and the control group. The results showed that 1) the expression levels of Ldh-c mRNA and protein were 0.804±0.059 and 0.979±0.176, respectively; 2) 30 min after administration of 1 mL of 1 mol/L N-isopropyl oxamate injected in biceps femoris muscle...
Sadaf Ijaz Malik1, Kiran Afshan2* and Mazhar Qayyum1
...he present study aims to determine the morphological features of amphistome adults and eggs combined with examining pathological, hematological and bile biochemical response in buffaloes to Gigantocotyle explanatum infection. Of the 558 slaughtered buffaloes from central Punjab, Pakistan, 18.99% were infected, and morphometric analyses were made of 115 mature amphistomes and gravid eggs with traditional microscopic methods on the basis of standardized m...

 Abdul Wajid Khalil and Zafar Iqbal

... aim of the study was to determine and compare the proximate, mineral, amino acid compositions of the aerial parts and roots of B. procumbens. The result of carbohydrate (75.56±0.046%) of aerial parts was found higher as compared to the roots (31.22±0.05%) while protein (37.46±0.02%) and organic matter (21.25±0.03%) was recorded higher in roots than the aerial parts of B. procumbens. Calcium (309.73±0.06mg/100g), potassium (2...
Nadeem Rashid1,*, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa1, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Tanvir Ahmad2, Majed Rafeeq1, Zafar Ahmad1, Mohammad Arif Awan1, Mohammad Ali1, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1, Muhammad Shafee1, Asad Ulah1 and Amanullah Khan3
...i>. moisture and pH were determined by oven drying and pH meter, respectively. Viable fungal count of the feed samples was estimated by using spread plate technique. Identification of fungal isolates was carried out on the basis of cultural and morphological characters by using slide culture technique. While mean moisture percentage was recorded as 5.3% with a significant difference (P<0.05), the pH was noted to be slightly acidic with non-significant diffe...
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...ost species were used to determine the survival potential of the wasp. It was observed that maximum number of adult wasps emerged from the hosts G. mellonlla (95 ±2.30 (se) and S. litura (81 ±1.15 (se)) by placing the lowest number of wasp eggs (4 eggs per larvae) on the hosts larvae and minimum number of adult wasps was recorded from the hosts G. mellonella 44 ±1.15 (se), and S. litura (39 ±0.57 (se) by ...
Wali Khan*, Ghazal Mumtaz, Saima Bibi and Salma Afzal
...rrent study was aimed to determine the prevalence of parasitic infection in vegetables collected from the vegetable markets in Lower and Upper Dir districts. A total of 520 vegetable samples were collected during April to October 2016. These vegetable samples were screened for parasitic contamination. The results showed that 10.7% of the vegetables were found to be contaminated with one or more than one species of parasites. Intestinal parasites Ascaris lumbri...
Muhammad Shahid1, Iram Amin1,*, Samia Afzal1, Zareen Fatima1, Sadia Zahid1, Usman Ashraf1 and Muhammad Idrees2
...dy at molecular level to determine the main causative serotype of 2013 DENV outbreak in Pakistan. Overall 703 serologically positive suspected patients from different major health centers of Pakistan were registered in present study of which 214 were females and 489 were male. Overall weighted prevalence of PCR positivity was 38% (268). Of the total 268 PCR positive subjects, 0.74%, 56.71%, 15.67% were positive for serotype 1, 2 and 3 respectively. Only 72 sus...
Tausif Ahmad1, Iahtasham Khan2, Saddaf Razzaq1, Saeed-ul-Hassan Khan1,* and Raheela Akhtar3
...A study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Brucella abortus in cattle and buffaloes in the districts of Islamabad and Rawalpindi, Pakistan. A total of 120 serum samples were randomly collected from buffaloes and cattle (60 per species) at Civil Veterinary Hospitals, animal markets and peri-urban livestock holdings in Rawalpindi and Islamabad. Serum samples were initially screened by the Rose Bengal Plate Test (RBPT). RBPT positive samples were...

M. Abdus Salam1, M. Moynul Haque2, Md. Obaidul Islam3, M. Nasir Uddin4 and Md. Nazmul Haque3*

...and BC-0252 were used to determine the effects of seeds of different storage containers on growth, yield and quality of cotton genotypes. The experiment was conducted between July, 2010 to February, 2011 at Cotton Research, Training and Seed Multiplication Farm, Sreepur, Gazipur, Bangladesh. Significant variations related to genotypes and seed sources were observed for stand establishment, branch development, phenology, yield components, yield and fiber qualit...

John G. Bruno

... these antibodies and to determine if the aptamers were capable of emulating rickettsial antigens to enable sensitive detection of rickettsia exposure in humans who have seroconverted. Such anti-idiotypic aptamer antigens might also serve as rickettsial vaccines, if fully developed. The top five highest affinity R. rickettsii and top five R. typhi anti-Fab aptamers as assessed by enzyme-linked aptamer sorbent assay (ELASA) screening were shown to specifically ...
Matiyar Rahaman Khan1,*, Sabyasachi Pal2, Ghule Tushar Manohar2, Somnath Bhattacharyya3, Amit Singh4, Prahlad Sarkar5 and Samuel Lalliansanga6
.../i> on passion fruit was determined; the minimum 10 second stage juvenile (J2)/200 cc soil can cause reduction of plant growth parameters and highest reproduction (R=87.27). 
...

Neelum Andaleeb, Munir Khan and Syed Attaullah Shah

...ed in district Mardan to determine women’s participation in livestock farming and to investigate factors affecting their participation. A multistage sampling method was used to select a sample of 274 livestock farm households from 6 rural Union Councils, and a well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data from female respondents through face to face interviews. A composite index was constructed to measure the extent of women’s participatio...

Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...culture encrachment were determined by means of group discussions, household’s interviews and personel observations. The results showed that crops cultivation occupied 18 % of the bottomlands in Naran valley, where this cultivation is gradually extending towards steeper slopes without any soil conservation measures. The alpine open pastures (45%) is available in deep inside and upper niches of sub-valleys for livestock grazing while 4% of pasture land is...

Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Arshad Ali Khan3*, Saeed Ahmed2, Sudheer Tariq2, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Noman2 and Nadeem Khan1 

M.K. Pandit,P. K. Pal and B. K. Das

Effect of date of sowing on flowering and incidence and damage of melon fruit fly in snap melon Cucumis melo var.momordica genotypes
... out during 2004-2005 to determine the best sowing date for higher female flower production and more number of fruits as well as lower fruit fly incidence. Three sowing dates viz. S =25 November, 2004, S =25 January 2005 and S =25 March, 2005 were selected to evaluate performance of eight genotypes, named as BCSM-1 to BCSM-8. The experimental design was factorial RBD with 3 replications. Observations on days to first male and female flowers, node number of fir...

A.A. Oyerinde, P.Z. Chuwang, P.Z. and G.T. Oyerinde

Evaluation of the effects of climate change on increased in-cidence of cowpea pests in Nigeria
...rm (Nigeria) in order to determine the impacts of climate change on the population of insects associated with cowpea production in the region. The result showed an increase in the number of taxa encountered on the cowpea field from 21 to 31 orders of insect in the 2010 and 2011 cropping seasons, respectively. Also, no significant difference was established in the forms of destructions recorded at the various growth stages of the cowpea plant in the two seasons...

Dipak Mandal, Paramita Bhowmik, Pronobesh Halder and M. L. Chatterjee

Determination of relative toxicity and base line data of dif-ferent insecticides against cotton mealybug (Phenacoccus solenopsis Tinsley)
...ioassay was conducted to determine the toxicity of some insecticides and their LC50 values against 3rd instar nymphs of cotton mealybug, Phenacoccus solenopsis in the Department of Agricultural Entomology, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya (BCKV), Mohanpur during 2012. Both treated food untreated insect and treated food treated insect methods were followed. The lowest LC50 values through treated food untreated insect method were recorded in chlorpyriphos 20...

T. P. Ghosh, D. Mandal, S. Laha and M. K. Dasgupta 

Dynamics and severity model in managing fungal diseases
...ls. Monthly dynamics was determined for occurrence, intensity and severity of these diseases. The diseases (referred as pathogens) that were the highest and fastest during warm and wet (rainy) months were: Alternaria alternata on Polyanthes tuberosa; Alternaria alternata and Septoria chrysanthemella on Chrysanthemum indicum; Colletotrichum gloeosporioides and Alternaria sp. on Dracaena deremensis; Alternaria sp. and Cercospora hibisci-manihotis on Hibiscus ros...
Bushra Niaz1,*, Tahir Zahoor1, Muhammad Atif Randhawa1 and Amer Jamil2
...(MIC) of lactoferrin was determined by 96-well plate method using ELISA reader. Results depicted that CM-Sephadex C-25 was a good cation exchanger for recovery of lactoferrin. Camel raw milk produced 2.4 mg/mL of lactoferrin. The lactoferrin isolated from camel milk exhibited promising antibacterial activity against E. coli and Staphylococcus aureus. Concentration of lactoferrin i.e. 4,000 ppm (4 mg/mL) showed the best results against both...
Sadia Munir1a, Asif Nadeem1a*, Maryam Javed1, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Tanveer Hussain2, Wasim Shehzad1, Rajput Zahid Iqbal3 and Sidra Manzoor1 
...ified variants were also determined. Chi2 test was performed to evaluate the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium of each polymorphic site. Two loci were found to be in HWE. These identified alleles will be useful for animal selection at molecular level i.e. an ideal tool for marker-assisted selection of animals for future breeding programs.
...
Sohail Ahmed, Muhammad Arshad and Babar Hassan*
...dies were carried out to determine efficacy of synthetic resins on woods of three tree species to ward off subterranean termites. Three resins types in three concentrations were applied by brushing and dipping on wooden stakes which were exposed to termites’ for a period of 4 weeks in the field. Weight loss before and after resin treatment was indicative of effectiveness. Highest concentration of all resins significantly reduced the chances of termites&r...
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...aim of this study was to determine the sexual ratio in their population and to see if they effect the operational sex ratio (OSR). The number of males and females were 71 and 126, respectively. Twenty samples by the total wet weights less than 12 g were non-sexual. The wet weight of the gonads was ~8.25% of the mean total wet body weights. The most distribution of gonad wet weights and total wet weights were generally less than 10 g and 80 g, respectively. The...
Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Moez Ayadi1 and Shabana Naz2
... at parturition was also determined. A significant (P<0.05) increase of calcium (Ca), Zn, Co and Se levels in blood of ewes treated with bolus with a significant increase in phosphorous (P), Co and Se in the blood of their newborn lambs. Furthermore, a significantly higher (P<0.05) inorganic matter percentage in colostrum was found in treated group compared to the control. The body weight of lambs in treated group at 30 and 60 days was significantly (P&l...
Viram Kumar1,*, Moolchand Malhi1, Saeed Ahmed Soomro1, Toufique Ahmed Qureshi2, Muhammad Nawaz Sanjrani3 and Khushal Das Malhi1
...chemical parameters were determined to establish the reference values in the wild Indian blue peafowl (Pavo cristatus) of Thar (desert) region in the Sindh province of Pakistan. A total of 60 blood samples were collected from peafowl (30 males and 30 female) in months of March and April, 2015. The gender difference showed that RBC, MCV and MCH concentrations were significantly higher (P < 0.05) and the serum total protein and Mg concentrations were s...
Wenqiao Hui1, Jishun Tang1, Dejian Zhu1, Qian Ban2* and Sheng Chen1*
...tages of goats, and then determined the role of leptin to activate signaling pathways which modulate the expression of hypothalamic genes involved in reproduction and metabolism. We found that leptin significantly upregulated the LEPR in the adipose tissue of goat at the puberty onset stage. Moreover, we observed that LEPR, JAK2, STAT3 (P<0.05), KISS1 (P<0.05) were also upregulated in the hypothalamic tissue, except NPY, which was downregulated. Taken to...
Muzammil Sattar
...dies were carried out to determine the influence of varying amounts of different proteins in the diet of adult Chrysoperla carnea (Stephens). Results show that proteins play a vital role in the fecundity, fertility and all the biological parameters of F1 for mass rearing. The tested proteins were: Casein, Protein hydrolysate, Torula yeast and Nu lure. Al these proteins were tested in laboratory at four concentrations, i.e., 1, 3, 5 and...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3 
...ations of Cu and Zn were determined in fish samples by atomic absorption spectrophotometer. Highest Cu concentration of 4.52 ± 0.24 mg kg−1 wet weight was observed in muscles of M. armatus at Chakdara on River Swat while highest Zn concentration of 18.00 ± 1.88 mg kg−1 wet weight was observed in muscles of S. plagiostomus at Daggar on River Barandu. A site wise comparison of both Cu and Zn concentra...
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
...of females and males was determined to be II age group and first sexual maturity. The total length was found as 11.33 cm for female and 10.89 cm for male. According to the trends of GSI values, it was assumed that their season of reproductivity was between March and May.
...
Muhammad Imran Shabbir
...ernary genotype codes to determine genotype probabilities in a very quick and simple way. Also ternary genotype codes along with gender symbols and affection status are used to modify the Punnett squares. On applying these modified Punnett squares along polygonal shapes covers all possible parental combinations and their genotypic and phenotypic outcomes in offspring. In this way, simple illustrations incorporate a considerable amount of information that provi...
Noor Islam1, Muhammad Amjad2, Ehsan ul Haq3, Elizabeth Stephen1 and Falak Naz4
...ney yield per colony was determined before and after the treatments in the experimental colonies. The results revealed that formic acid and the highest concentrations (100%) of tested essential oils caused effective control of Tropilaelaps mites, whereas the infestation reduction percentage with formic acid, lemongrass, thyme, lemon, basil and oregano oils was recorded more than 96% after the end of treatments on worker brood. The highest total number o...
Koksal Karadas1* and Ibrahim Hakki Kadırhanogullari2
...dependent variables were determined to be some main and interaction effects of NFB, FAS, WPA, EL, AB, FCQ and TSP. The significant order of the Pearson coefficients between actual and fitted values in AHY was MARS (0.913a) > ANN (0.885ab) > Exhaustive CHAID (0.786b) > CHAID (0.769b) > CART (0.744). It was concluded that the MARS algorithm having the best predictive accuracy among all the algorithms might ...
Vladimir Avdalovic1, Marijana Vucinic2, Radmila Resanovic3, Jelena Avdalovic4, Danka Maslic-Strizak5 and Milos Vucicevic3*
...eriment was conducted to determine whether it is possible to replace the chopped wheat straw with newly formulated pelleted straw taking into account the prevalence and severity of footpad dermatitis (FPD) in broiler chickens. The study included 300 one-day-old Ross 308 broilers. One group of broilers was reared on chopped wheat straw (the particle length of straw ≥ 10 cm). The second group was kept on newly formulated pelleted wheat straw. The duration of ...

Muhammad Abid1*, Tahir Yaqub2, Arslan Mehboob3 and Muhammad Zubair Shabbir4

...t study was conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship of currently prevailing H9N2 isolates in Pakistan. A sum of ten H9N2 AIVs were isolated from 400 suspected samples and were confirmed through serological and molecular assays. The sequence analysis of NA genes shown 99% homology with the H9N2 AIV recently isolated from Pakistan and their phylogenetic analysis revealed that all the isolates belonged to the G- lineage. Amino acid analysis of NA sta...

Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

...ry rice farmers and also determine the factors which significantly contribute to increase the rice output. Moreover, this study estimated the sources of inefficiency. Data collected from 300 sample rice farmers into the Kharif cycle (2013-14) at five main rice growing districts of Punjab namely: Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Jhang, Vehari, and Gujranwala. Stochastic frontier analysis (SFA) was applied to find the results of a study. Study results reveal that direct ...
Rais Ahmed1,*, Khushi Muhammad1, Masood Rabbani1 and Muhammad Sarwar Khan2
...jranwala and Attock were determined. By using grid based sampling strategy, soil samples (n= 1280) were collected from villages (n=256, 5 samples/village) of the nine districts. Brucella genus specific DNA (bcsp31) was detected using Real Time PCR and prevalence was 2.11%. Out of five species, only two species B. abortus and B. melitensis were detected through conventioneal multiplex PCR. Prevalence of soil borne species specific DN...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi1,*, Mansoor-ul-Hasan2, Sohail Akhtar1Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Naveed Aslam3 and Muhammad Rafay4
...on (HPLC-UV) was used to determine residues of commonly used agricultural insecticides (imidacloprid, thiametoxam, profenofos, endosulfan, spinosad and deltamethrin) in multi-floral raw honey of Apis dorsata F. collected from the cotton belt area of Punjab, Pakistan. The residues of these insecticides were extracted using ethyl acetate. Honey samples were spiked at 0.1 and 0.01 mg/kg. The mean recoveries of these insecticides in the spiked samples were ...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3

 

...ions were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence of 2nd and 4th instar larvae of Spodoptera litura F. under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and flubendiamide were applied using diet incorporation method. Larvae were allowed to feed for 48 h. Mortality was recorded until larvae died or pupated. Second instar larvae showed more susceptibility as compared with 4th instar larvae....
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif
...ct pest complex and also determined their side-effect on natural enemies of these insect pests such as ants, parasitoid wasps, green lacewings and coccinellid beetles. Experimental design was split-plot randomized complete block with three replications for each treatment. Transgenic (Bt) cotton variety (FH-118) was sown. Insecticide formulations were applied according to their field recommended dose rates upon attainment of ETLs of most of the sucking insect p...
Mehran Kausar1,2, Naveed Ashraf3, Farzana Hayat4, Asraf Hussain Hashmi1, Saima Siddiqi1,* and Mariam Anees2
...t study was conducted to determine the underlying genetic cause of Pycnodysostosis in a family from Azad Kashmir, Pakistan presenting with symptoms of multiple recurrent fractures, short stature, increased bone density and stubby hands. We performed direct sequencing of CTSK for five members of the family to find out the causative mutation. All coding exons of CTSK gene were amplified and sequenced in the affected and unaffected individuals of a ...
Kadir Karakuş1, Bahat Comba2, Abuzer Taş3, Tunahan Sancak3, Arzu Comba2, Devrim Saripinar Aksu4, Hasan Koyun5 and Mohammad Masood Tariq6,*
...d hormone levels, it was determined that these changes did not affect body weight. In conclusion, the evaluation of the process in castrated six-month-old sheep revealed an increase in the body weight which was similar to that in the control group.
...
Hameeda Kalhoro1, Abdul Malik2,Ghulam Abbas2,*, Illahi Bux Kalhoro3, Sajjad Ali Shah4and Haleema Kalhoro3
...his research was done to determine the influence of various feeds on growth increment, body constituents and survival rate of snakehead (Channa marulius) cultured in plastic tanks (42.5 liters water carrying capacity each). Fish juveniles (length: 10.63 ±0.980 cm, weight: 9.030±1.40g) were stocked after acclimatization. A total of 3 treatments were tested following 2 replications i.e. first treatment (T1, Squid feed), second tre...
Sumit K. Satpathi1, Suprakash Pal2*, Rupsanatan Mandal2, Nonigopal Shit2 and Ashutosh Sarkar3
...summer season of 2016 to determine the utility and economics of biointensive pest management modules against major insect-pests of cowpea in comparison to conventional pesticide based pest management modules. The pesticide based management modules proved better as compared to the biopesticide based modules in managing the attack of sucking pests and pod borer of cowpea. The pesticide based IPM-II module resulted in the highest per cent reduction of pod borer p...
Gülnur Metin* and İlker Aydin
... The spawning period was determined from May to October. The total lengths at first maturity of females and males were 10.64 cm and 10.16 cm, respectively.
...
Mushtaq Ahmad1,*, Mehboob Ahmed1,2 and Nasim Ahmad1
...niques have been used to determine the integrity of DNA in which acridine orange (AO) assay is easy and less costly. Though used in many species but the variability exists in technique. Therefore, the present study was aimed to optimize the steps of AO staining protocol for buffalo sperm which has not been explored yet. Semen was collected from two mature buffalo bulls, diluted in tris citrate egg yolk based extender and cryopreserved using standard protocol. ...
Shabana1,*, Farah Ehsan1 and Shahida Hasnain1,2
...aim of this study was to determine the association of Gly482Ser variant of proliferator activator receptor γ coactivator 1α (PPARGC1α) gene with diabetes in Pakistani population. A total of 900 blood samples (diabetic=451, controls=449) were genotyped by PCR-RFLP. A significant difference in genotype distribution was observed between cases (Gly/Gly, 66.9%; Gly/Ser, 20.17%; Ser/Ser, 12.8%) and controls (Gly/Gly, 67.4%; Gly/Ser, 28.5%; Ser/Ser,...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...fferent antibiotics were determined by VITEK 2 system and antibacterial activity, MIC and MBC of manuka honey was performed by agar well diffusion assay and microbroth dilution assay respectively. All isolates (n=5) were carbapenamase and MBL producers andNDM-1 gene carrier. These isolates displayed significant resistance against commonly used antibiotics including carbapenem and colistin proved to be most effective drug. Manuka honey manifested significant an...

Lucas Pedroso Colvero1, Paulo Eduardo Brandão2*, Cesar Alejandro Rodriguez Rosales2, Hanny Swam3 and Laura Yaneth Buitrago Villarreal1 

 

...r vaccines A and B where determined to be 40.2cP and 83.3cP, respectively, and a microscopic examination showed that vaccine A has a homogeneous emulsion, whereas vaccine B has a highly heterogeneous appearance. Birds vaccinated with vaccine A showed mean ELISA antibody S/P ratios from 0.099 to 0.995 between weeks 2 and 6 post-vaccination against IBV antigen, while for vaccine B group mean S/P ratio dropped to 0.550 at week 6. Virus neutralization test showed ...
Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Atif Prince3, Naimat Ullah Khan1 and Mumtaz Ali Khan1
...tion. Antibody titer was determined by Complement fixation test. Results showed that highest antibody titer was developed in cattle, colostrum and their calves in group G in which treatment was started 75 days prepartum and VESS was given. It was concluded that vitamin E and selenium supplementation improves both active and passive immune system if given before 75 days of parturition.
...
Shengyan Su, Zaijie Dong*, Wenbin Zhu, Lanmei Wang and Jianjun Fu 
.... Yes/No(Y/N) effect was determined for specific combination dyads, which there were significant differences in body weight at tagging, but no difference in body weight at harvesting. Among the 36 dyads, 7 had an YN response (19.4%). When the YN effect had a fixed accumulated value, the value reflected its compensatory like growth degree, i.e., no catch-up like growth in one group means no YN effect in one group can be detected. Heilongjiang carp ♂ &time...
Saba Manzoor1,*, Ali Raza Awan1, Abdul Wajid1, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Muhammad Mansha2, Asim Khalid Mahmood3, Abu Saeed Hashmi1 and Muhammad Wasim1,*
...ine tumors due to its predetermined role in tumor pathogenesis. A total of 52 tumor and normal samples were examined, among these, 40 canine and 12 feline samples were analyzed using Sanger sequencing method and RT-qPCR for the mutation and expression profiling of c-Myc gene. The coding region of c-Myc gene (exon2 and 3) did not show any variation in both species. While expression of c-Myc gene was found to be up regulated in different can...
Müge Aliye Hekimoğlu*, Cüneyt Süzer,Şahin Saka andKürşat Firat
...rsquo;s objective was to determine effect of two different anaesthetics 2-phenoxyethanol and clove oil on the sedation of some aquarium fish species. The induction and recovery times were determined at five stages of melanistic and not melanistic clownfish (Amphiprion ocellaris) and different sexes of Swordfish (Xiphophorus helleri). Clownfish were tested with 0.4, 0.6 and 0.8 ml/l phenoxyethanol and 0.5, 1 and...
Tahira*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Ayub Khan and Mubashar Ahmad Khan
...ions were carried out to determine the degree of variation among rapeseed hybrids and the best selection criteria for yield enhancement in rapeseed (Brassica napus).For this thirty-six rapeseed hybrids were sown in a RCBD with four repeats at NARC, Islamabad during the cropping season 2014 and 2015. Cluster analysis based on WARD’s method showed considerable genetic variation among the hybrids. In the first year, thirty- six Brassica hybrids were ...

 Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1

...the present study was to determine the level of selected toxicants in water, their bioaccumulation and effects on antioxidant enzymes i.e. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD) in vital organs (gills, liver and kidney) of fish, Cirrhina mrigala. The 3 different representative water samples and 60 fish samples (20 fish from each site) were collected from three sites i.e. fish-farm, hatchery and Indus River of Punja...
Boran Karataş, Muhammed Arabaci and Şükrü Önalan*
... food utilization and to determine the results with respect to aquaculture. Stocking was conducted in 5 different ratios in the study and each different stocking ratio was considered as a group and 24 fish were used in each group. Study groups were named based on stocking ratio percentages as G, K, G75K25, G66K34 and G50K50 and the study lasted 80 days. When the growth parameters in polycultures of rainbow trout and brown trout are considered, it was
Sher Khan Panhwar1,2,3, Zhou Yong Dong1,4,*, Gao Tianxiang1,3, Wang Ping5, Han Zhiqiang1, Wang Zhongming1,4 and Wang Yang1,4
...ing resource managers to determine management priorities for this economically and ecologically important species in the ECS.
...
Jing Xin Mao1,2, Guo Wei Wang2, Yuan She Huang3, Rui Wang2, Guo Ze Wang4, Bing Zeng1 and Fu Yuan Zuo1,*
...ne in various tissues to determine the difference expression of antibacterial related gene among indigenous breed (Rongchang pig) and artificially cultivated breed (Landrace), The Rongchang pig (0 day old, 28 day old, 120 day old) and Landrace BPI (0 day old, 28 day old, 120 day old) gene were expressed in normal liver, heart, lung, kidney, spleen and small intestine. The results showed that: The expression level of BPI in lung of Rongchang pig was relatively ...
Hailong Dong1, Hui Zhang2, Kun Li2, Khalid Mehmood2,3, Mujeeb Ur Rehman2, Fazul Nabi2, Yajing Wang2, Zhenyu Chang1,2, Qingxia Wu1,* and Jiakui Li1,2,*

 

... study was undertaken to determine the prevalence and pathogenic potential of Escherichia coli (E. coli) isolated from piglets having white score diarrhea as a result of outbreak occurred in Qinghai Tibetan Plateau in 2015. A total of 81 E.coli were isolated from 83 fecal samples. The organisms were inoculated on MacConkey agar and EMB agar and identified via biochemical tests. Polymerase chain reaction was used to detect representative virulence...

Imtiaz Ahmed, Muhammad Abbas Khan, Noorullah Khan, Naveed Ahmed, Abdul Waheed, Fazal Yazdan Saleem, Sajjad Khan and Sohail Aslam 

...eriment was conducted to determine the optimum plant spacing in order to abate garlic rust and maximize garlic crop yield. The experiment was carried out in RCB design with three replications; garlic cultivar (china) and three levels of intra-row spacing (10, 15 and 20 cm) were included in the study. Data regarding disease occurrence, disease severity, plant height (cm), bulb weight (g), bulb diameter (mm), clove weight (g), number of cloves bulb-1 and yield (...

Riaz Alam* and Muhammad Sajid 

...through Air-Layerage was determined at Olive Model Farm, Sangbhatti Mardan-Pakistan during the year 2014. The experiment was laid out according to Randomized Complete Block Design with two factors factorial arrangement. Air layerings were practiced on July 1, 16, 31; August 15, 30 and September 14 in plants of olive cultivars Frontoio, Manzanilla, Ottobratica, Pendolino and Picual. Significant variations were recorded among olive cultivars regarding asexual pr...
Ümit Kumbıçak, Zübeyde Kumbıçak* and Gülnare Huseynli
...siliola bayrami were determined based on Giemsa-stained testicular chromosomes for the first time. Results of spermatogonial metaphases showed that the chromosome number and the karyotype formula of the species was 2n♂=35 (X1X2X30) which is the first record for the family Hersiliidae. Both autosomes and sex chromosomes were acrocentric. The lengths of the chromosomes indicated no significant difference between autosom...
Aqsa Imtiaz and Abdul Rehman*
...subtilis BML5 was determined in the presence of Ca2+, Mg2+, and Zn2+ while keratinase activity was inhibited by added copper ions. A 130-kDa protein was detected from feather-treated bacterial cells, suggesting its role in degrading feather. B. subtilis BML5 can be used to overcome the poultry wastes based environmental pollution and keratinase could be used to improve feather meal digestibility in animal f...
Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Abdul Majid Khan1,*, Ghazala Roohi3 and Muhammad Akhtar1
...inct giraffid species to determine and compare stress periods during the early Miocene to Pleistocene ages of the Siwaliks of Pakistan. Enamel hypoplasia is a tooth malady which is caused by the deficiency of food/nutrients. The feeding deficiency is directly linked to the physiological or environmental stress. In this study occurrence of enamel hypoplasia in giraffids has been observed in species of all time intervals between 18.3-0.6 Ma except the time 11.2-...
Muhammad Saqlain1, Humaira Kalsoom1, Muhammad Fiaz1,2, Abid Mahmood1, Rizwan Aziz Qazi4 ,Waseem Safdar5, Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq1,Bernard M.Y. Cheung3 and Ghazala Kaukab Raja1,*
...hreshold of p≤0.05 to determine statistical significance. The frequency of 54Thr allele of FABP2 significantly associated with MetS risk in Pakistani population. Our results showed that frequency of the FABP2 54Thr allele was significantly higher (67%) in MetS cases as compared to controls (35%)(p<0.0001). The 54Thr allele carriers were at increased risk of MetS (OR=3.93, CI=2.09-7.39, p<0.0001) and obesity (for each SD change in ...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
... aim of this work was to determine the dependency between polymorphism in the PIT-1and fertility rates, body weight of cows and calves, the course of parturition and viability of calves in Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian cattle. The analysis included 1024 cows and 3663 calves of the Polish Black-and-White Holstein-Friesian breed (phf). The study included an analysis of one polymorphic place PIT-1 (c.1178G>A). The source data used to calculate the i...
Muhammad Siraj-ud-Din1,2, Riaz Aziz Minhas1, Usman Ali3,*, Mayoor Khan2, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nuzhat Shafi1 and Basharat Ahmad1
...t study was conducted to determine habitat use and feeding preference of urial in Gilgit Baltistan. Current study is the first and only detailed study about the habitat and feeding ecology of these wild sheep in Pakistan. The study provides baseline data about the study topic which will help conservation management of the species in the area. The habitat use of urial was determined on the basis of direct or indirect evidence...
Rana Hanan1*, Muhammad Waqar Shafi1, Sumair Anwar2 and Numrah Nawaz1
...y 5 persons. In order to determine frequency of hypertension and pre-hypertension among medical students and their association with various variable and fixed risk factors, this study was designed. The cross sectional study of 4 months was carried out on the students of Shalamar Medical and Dental College. Students were aged from 18-25 years and a sample of 100 students was enrolled by stratified random sampling after written consent. We recorded blood pressur...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2,* and Syed Shahid Ali3
...esent study was aimed to determine the toxic effect of phosphine on microsomal enzymes (NADPH-Cytochrome P450 reductase (NADPH-CPR), ethylmorphine-N demethylase and aniline 4-hydroxylase) and soluble protein contents of a wheat grain pest, Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Punjab, Pakistan. Six populations of khpara beetle with different levels of susceptibility to phosphine were used in this study. Based on LC50, five...
Muhammad Nabeel,1,* Humayun Javed1 and Tariq Mukhtar2
...dence and prevalence was determined in seven major maize growing districts of Punjab during 2016. The maximum overall incidence of maize borer (12%) was recorded in Khanewal district followed by Multan (6%) while it was the minimum (1%) in district Okara. On the other hand, maximum prevalence of maize borer was observed in district Vehari (100%) followed by districts of Khanewal and Multan (73%) while minimum prevalence of 33% was recorded in district Sahiwal....

Haji Muhammad1, 2, Zafar Iqbal1, Qamar Bashir2, Muhammad Amir Hanif3

...ive of this study was to determine LWR and condition factor of cat fish species of Indus River that could help in
conservation and management of ichthyofauna in the Indus Rivers, Pakistan

...

Naeem Iftikhar1, Qamar Zaman Qamar2, Usman Ali3, Muhammad Siddique Awan4, Syeda Shaista Bibi4, Riaz Aziz Minhas4*

...uly 2010 to June 2011 to determine the potential of these sites as a possible focal point to start Cheer pheasant conservation activities in AJK. A total of 579 individuals was estimated from study sites. Highest population (n=434) was recorded at Qazi Nag Game Reserve, followed by Phalla Game Reserve (n=117) while minimum population (n=28) was noted at PirChinasi range area. An increasing trend in population was observed due to improvement in watch and ward, ...

 Maleeha Manzoor1*, Madiha Manzoor2, Qurat-ul-ain Ahmed3, Sobia Ahmed4, Shazia Manzoor5

...as conducted in order to determine the prevalence of anemia among pregnant women attending Government Mian Munshi Teaching Hospital, Lahore. For this, one hundred pregnant females were selected randomly; relevant data was collected by interviewing and filling a questionnaire especially designed to record various socio-demographic characters of patients and their dietary history. Prevalence rate of anemia in the present study was found to be 78% (9.57±1....

Sajid Muhammad* and Fida Mohammad 

...ironments is required to determine yield stability of genotypes. The specific objective of the current study was to analyze genotype by environment interaction (GEI) of grain yield for 50 genotypes using GGE model. Germplasm was field-tested using alpha lattice design in two replications at Peshawar (E-1 and E-3), Hangu (E-2 and E-4) and Kohat (E-5) Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan during 2011/12 and 2012/13.GGE biplot analysis explained 79.89% (PC1=56.57...

Soraya Khosravian Dehordi*, Abdolnaser Mohebbi and Kahin Shahanipour

...ent study was planned to determine whether an oral administration of nano-selenium (nano-Se) influencing on biomarkers of oxidative status in the rats spleen exposed to the cadmium (Cd) metal. For this purpose, thirty male rats equally divided into six groups, group I received nano-Se (0.1mg/kg) alone as dose, group II selenite odium (0.1mg Se/kg) alone, group III Cd chloride (300mg/250cc), group IV Cd along with nano-Se, group V Cd along with selenite sodium ...

Ayesha Aihetasham*, Faiza Qayyum and Muhammad Xaaceph

...nt study was designed to determine the effect of fungus isolates at six different exposure times on Coptotermes heimi (Wasmann), which is one of the major destructive termites of Pakistan. Fungal conidia were repellent to C. heimi. The workers of C. heimi were exposed to fungus for 60, 45, 30, 20, 15, 10 minutes and percentage mortality and consumptions were noted during eight days period. Results showed that workers of C. heimi responded effectively to differ...
Amjad Khan1,*, Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq1, Mansur ud Din Ahmad1, Jawad Nazir1, Zahida Fatima2, Asghar Khan3 and Shahid Hussain Farooqi3
.... We hereby attempted to determine the seroprevalence, investigating the EI outbreak 2015-16, and describing the demographic and management risk factors associated with seroprevalence of EIV. Using ELISA kit and HI as serological methods for diagnosis, we found a 24.13% (168/696) overall seroprevalence, where the seroprevalence for H3N8 was 14.51% (101/696), for H7N7 6.03% (42/696), and 3.59% (25/696) as mixed infections, suggesting EIV current and active circ...
Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo, Lihua Jiang, Changwen Wu and Liqin Liu*
...v>In this study, we have determined the complete nucleotide sequence of the mitochondrial genome of Octopus dollfusi (Robson, 1932) collected from the coast of Guangdong Province, China, and analyzed the phylogenetic relationship with other cephalopod species. The results show that the mitochondrial genome of O. dollfusi composed of 15843 nucleotide pairs and encodes 13 proteins, 2 ribosomal RNAs (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNAs (tRNAs) and a major long...
Tania Ahmed Shakoori1,*, Muhammad Saqib Saeed2, Asif Hanif2, Saima Mukhtar3 and Ayesha Ghauri4 
...tor’ phenotype and determine the risk factors for increased frequency of acute exacerbations in local chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patients in a cross sectional analytical study design. For this purpose 137 patients were included in the study after obtaining necessary permissions from the ethical board of the hospital. COPD was diagnosed on the basis of clinical symptoms and a post bronchodilator values of FEV1/FVC<0.70 on spirometry. ...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Said Alam 

...nt research was aimed to determine the ability of farmers to detect climate change and how they have adapted to whatever climate change they believe has occurred. Farmers have indigenous knowledge of the climate of the area to predict and forecast the changing weather and climate. Knowing such traditional knowledge provides an opportunity to understand how the farmers are adapting to new type of weather. The study was carried out in Balambat Tehsil District Di...

Arooj Fatima1* and Ashfaq Ahmed

...text-align: justify;">To determine and compare the effectiveness of routine physical therapy with and without eccentric strength training in patients with rotator cuff (RC) tendinopathy. This single blinded randomized clinical trial was conducted at University Physical therapy and Rehabilitation clinic, Raiwind road, Lahore. The study included sample size of 50 subjects diagnosed with rotator cuff tendinopathy. Patients included in study were allocated randoml...
Richard Swinburne
...of any future causally undetermined contingent event, and so – if there are any such events - could not be essentially omniscient, in the sense of having infallible knowledge of all true propositions. Given the assumption that human free actions are causally underdetermined, this entails that such a God cannot at any time have infallible knowledge of which future actions humans will do freely. 
...
Bruce R. Reichenbach
...d the direction one goes determines where one ends up. This is no less true in philosophy than elsewhere, and certainly no less true in matters dealing with the relationship between God’s foreknowledge and human free actions. In what follows I will argue that the incompatibilist view that Fischer and others stalwartly defend results from the particular starting point they choose, and that if one adopts a different starting point about divine kn...
Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...nt study was designed to determine the serum selenium status in association of its risk factors in cattle and buffaloes of district Kasur, Punjab. Selenium status was evaluated by Atomic Absorptions Spectrophotometery (AAS) with respect to sex of animals, geographical area, age of animals, herd size, stage of animals, production level and concentrate feeding. Selenium deficiency was also evaluated as a risk factor of mastitis and repeat breeding. About 48.43% ...
Justyna Batkowska1,*, Lukasz Wlazlo2, Kamil Drabik1, Bozena Nowakowicz-Debek2, Karrar I.A. Al-Shammari3 and Magdalena Gryzinska1
...day eggs were candled to determine infertile eggs or dead embryos, as well as samples of eggs to microbial analysis were. After 17.5 days of incubation its results were evaluated. Chicks were reared for 14 days and their livability and body weight gains were registered. The effectiveness of grapefruit juice as a disinfectant for hatching eggs was noticed in terms of reducing the development of microflora on the eggshell. Its use did not directly affect the hat...

Ambreen Akhtar Saddozai and Samina Khalil*

...akeries was conducted to determine the microbial contamination in the most commonly consumed bakery products i.e., biscuit, cake, and bread. Samples were randomly collected from 12 sectors (main markets and sub-sector markets). These samples were analyzed for total plate count (TPC), total coliforms, fecal coliforms, E. coli, yeasts and moulds. None of the sample was found contaminated with E. coli, contamination of moulds was also negligible. TPC ranged from ...

 Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***

...d cotton yield/plant was determined. It was found that all the populations alongwith parents differed significantly (P < 0.01) and exhibited genetic variability among the genotypes for all the traits except sympodia/plant. Genetic parameters computed through variance components method show that all the traits were highly heritable in F2 and F3 generations except sympodia/plant, indicating quantitative pattern of inheritance, offering better chances of selec...

 S.A. Khan*, M.M. Rahman Jamro** and M.Y Arain***

...iments were conducted to determine the suitable planting geometry for better yield from TPS mini tubers during autumn 2006-2007 and 2007-2008. It was revealed that even small size (5- 20g, 20-30g) tubers planted at closer row and plant spacing (60cm x 15cm,70cm x 15 cm) produced 31.00%, 31.33% and 28.33%, 32.33% medium size tubers (35-55 mm size). Whereas wider spacing (70cm x 20cm, 50cm x 20cm) produced relatively higher number of large size tubers.

...

 Zafar Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain**, Badruddin Khokhar* and Muhammad Sohail**

... study was undertaken to determine the effects of planting dates on growth and yield of different wheat genotypes in Sindh. The trial was laid out in RCBD with split plot arrangement having four replications during 2000-01 and 2001-02 at Sakrand, Sindh. Four sowing dates i.e. November 1 and 15, December 1 and 15 were in main plots, whereas six wheat genotypes (V-7001, V-7002, V-7004, MPT-6, Abadgar-93, and Anmol-91) were in sub plots. Because of better tilleri...

 Badaruddin Khokhar*, Imtiaz Hussain** and Zafar Khokhar*

...uring 2000–2002 to determine effect of different irrigation levels on growth and yield of different wheat genotypes in the province of Sindh. The trial was laid out in split block design at Wheat Research Institute, Sindh, Sakrand, in which four irrigation treatments I3 (irrigation at crown root, booting and soft dough stage), I4 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting and soft dough stage), I5 (irrigation at crown root, tillering, booting, anthesi...

 Rahmat Ullah Khan, Abdur Rashid*, Mohammad Sohail Khan** and Erdogan Ozturk***

...atural fertilizer and to determine its effect on the yield of rainfed wheat crop (Triticum aestivum L. cv. Naseer) at the research farm of Arid Zone Research Institute, Dera Ismail Khan during two successive winter seasons, 2007-08 and 2008-09. The treatments consisted of HA alone (3 kg ha-1 or 1.5 kg ha-1) and in combination with full (60:40 kg ha-1) and half (30:20 kg ha-1) the recommended rates of NP fertilizers. Results showed that in the first growing sea...

 Muhammad Afzal, Sarfraz Ahmad , Abdul Salam Baloch* and Qazi Bashir Ahmad**

...ls. The objective was to determine seasonal price variation considering the effects of different attributes of the animals namely, live weight, age, gender, body score and time of sale of animals. The results indicated that there were significant differences in prices among seasons. The seasons considered in the study were Eid-ul-Azha, Ramadan, and severe feed shortage period. The prices were the highest at Eid-ul - zha followed by Ramadan and feed shortage (w...

 Naheed Akhtar, Waseem A. Gillani, Ehsan ul Haq, Javed Khan, Irshad Begum, Shaheena Yasmin* and Kamran Saeed**

...tudies were conducted to determine the mechanisms of resistance like antixenosis, antibiosis and tolerance. Results indicated that the entry B-00080 had antibiosis and B-99036 was the tolerant one. So, on the basis of present studies the entry having high level of resistance against R. padi (B-99036) should be incorporated in the future breeding programmes.

...

Mian Sajjad Ahmad1, Somia Iqtadar1, Sami Ullah Mumtaz1*, Zafar Niaz1, Iqra Waheed2 and Sajid Abaidullah

...d insulin resistance. To determine the frequency of impaired glucose tolerance in obese patients. This Cross Sectional study was carried out in North Medical Ward, King Edward Medical University/ Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months i.e. January to June 2014. Total 160 obese patients visiting outpatient department of North Medical Ward, Mayo Hospital Lahore for 6 months were included by non-probability purposive sampling. Patients aged 15-70 years of either gende...

Halima Shoukat1*, Hafiz Sheraz Arshad2, Faiza Sharif1, Arooj Fatima1 and Filza Shoukat

...pose of the study was to determine effects of different static stretch holding-times on hamstring muscles flexibility and their impacts on improving range of motion (ROM) of knee extension in adults. This experimental work was conducted on students of University of Lahore from December 2013 to March 2014. The study comprised of 60 subjects with asymptomatic tightness of hamstrings muscles and subjects were aged between 18-26 years (irrespective of their gender...
Maryyum Khalil1, Hamda Azmat1,*, Noor Khan1, Arshad Javid2, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain3, Asim Ullah1 and Sumaira Abbas1
... Microbial load was also determined inside and outside of fish as highest microbial load was observed in control group fish on both media nutrient agar (NA) and eosin methylene blue (EMB) viz. 1.8×103 and 1.56×103 (cfu ml-1) in gut contents whereas on skin only total bacterial count (0.36×103)was observed and no coliform bacteria were present while least CFU’s were counted in group 2 am...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
...oam, silty clay loam) to determine six soil properties (plant biomass, saturation, electrical conductivity, pH, organic matter, phosphorus and potassium) in Pothwar Plateau (250 km long and 100 km wide). We compared 216 soil samples (mound soil and undisturbed soil), to collect data on percentage water saturation, electrical conductivity (E/C), pH, organic matter content, and phosphorus and potassium contents. We found significant differences (mound soil and u...
Amtul Jamil Sami1,*, Sehrish Bilal1, Madeeha Khalid1, Muhammad Tahir Nazir1 and A.R. Shakoori2

 

...pendent manner. LC50 was determined to be 0.7ppm. To investigate the different effects of saponins on A. mellifera and T. castaneum AChE, computational approach was employed. For this purpose a dissection of 3-D model of A. mellifera and T. castaneum AChE enzyme was studied which showed that change in amino acid sequence of primary structure of enzyme exists at the saponin binding site, resulting in weak interaction for A. mellif...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...ls and liver isolated to determine the effect of PbCl2 on peroxidase activity. Activity of peroxidase enzyme in metal stressed fish was compared with control. The physico-chemical parameters of the test media viz. pH, dissolved oxygen, carbon dioxide, total hardness, calcium, magnesium and total ammonia were monitored on daily basis. Significantly increased peroxidase activity was observed in gills and liver of Labeo rohita after expos...
Jaime Molina-Ochoa1, 2, 6,*, Edelmira Galindo-Velasco2, Ana María Rosales-Gutiérrez2, Martín González-Ramírez3, Roberto Lezama-Gutiérrez3, Wilberth Chan-Cupul3, Steven R. Skoda4, Muhammad Irfan Ullah5, Luis Jorge García-Márquez2 and  John E. Foster6
...> Canestrinito JMO71 was determined. Ticks were manually collected from cross-bred beef cattle, and then the heterorhabditid nematodes assayed against these ticks using the Petri dish assay. Concentrations of 0, 500, 1000, 2000, 4000 and 8000 IJs were applied in 1 mL of sterile distilled water dispensed on the surface of a couple of moistened filter papers. For each treatment concentration, 10 adult engorged ticks were placed in the Petri dishes, and each trea...
Xia-Lin Zheng1, Pan Wang2, Jun-Yan Liu1, Yu-Jing Zhang1, Jun Li1 and Wen Lu1,*
...chmia macroscopa was determined. The 4th instar larvae, pupae and adults survived in January, in which their supercooling points were -12.79 ± 0.67 °C, -19.92 ± 0.66 °C and -21.23 ± 0.99 °C, respectively. Body water contents of these stages in B. macroscopa have no negative or positive correlation with the supercooling points. Supercooling points of these stages are lower than the air temperature during th...

Akhlaq Ahmad, M. Anwar Arain*, Rahila Nazli**, Syed Anser Rizvi***,
Mubarik Ahmed* and Farzana Ibrahim****

Corresponding author: [email protected]

COST EFFECTIVENESS OF UNDER-SHEET AND WHOLE GODOWN FUMIGATION OF BAGGED WHEAT
...ss of the treatments was determined, considering the cost of the materials and labour. It was estimated that a single fumigation treatment in under-sheet stacks was around Rs. 1.05 million less than the whole godown fumigation, even though it involved extra cost of polyethylene (PE) sheet. This cost may be partially recovered by recycling the used PE sheet. This is mainly because whole godown treatments required two to three extra fumigations due to heavy rein...

 Safdar Ali, Sahiba, M. Azim Malik, Fayyaz-ul-Hassan and M. Ansar*

GROWTH OF RAINFED FODDER MAIZE UNDER DIFFERENT LEVELS OF NITROGEN AND PHOSPHORUS
...p;Maize fodder yield was determined under various nitrogen and phosphorus doses under sub-humid rainfed conditions during 2009 at PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi, Pakistan. The annual rainfall at the experimental site during 2009 was 685.9 mm. The -1 experimental soil was of loamy texture having E.C. of 0.48 dscm , pH 7.7, -1 organic matter 0.65%, saturation 30%, available phosphorus 5.7 mg kg -1 and available potassium 78 mg kg . Maize cv. Sargod...

 Naheed Akhtar, Yasmin Ahmad, Muhammad Shakeel, Waseem Ahmad Gillani, Javed Khan, Tahira Yasmin and Irshad Begum*

RESISTANCE IN PEARL MILLET GERMPLASM TO GREENBUG, SCHIZAPHIS GRAMINUM (RONDANI)
...aminum (Rondani). It was determined by the ability of seedlings to resist for plant stunting caused by aphid's feeding at seedling stage. The results indicated that out of 135 pearl millet entries tested, 21 were resistant, 69 were moderately resistant and 45 were susceptible to greenbug feeding. The resistant entries were: C-591, Pak-75211, Pak- 75212, Pak-75219, Pak-75194, Pak-75227, Pak-75238 Pak-75272, Pak- 75276, WCA-78, C-47, Pak-75322, Pak-75323, Pak-75...

 Arshad Ali, Muhammad Arshadullah, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder, Imdad Ali Mahmood and Badar-uz-Zaman*

RICE PRODUCTIVITY AND SOIL HEALTH AS AFFECTED BY WHEAT RESIDUE INCORPORATION ALONG WITH NITROGEN STARTER DOSE UNDER SALT-AFFECTED SOIL
...eriment was conducted to determine the effect -1 of wheat straw incorporation @ 5 t ha along with different N starter doses -1 (0, 30, 60 and 90 kg N ha ) on rice (Supper basmati) production and soil health at MK Farm, Farooqabad, district Sheikhupura under saline sodic -1 soil (ECe=5.65 dS m , pH=8.57and SAR=19.38) during 2010. Treatments were arranged in RCBD with three replications. The crop was harvested at maturity, data on tillering, plant height, spike ...

 Arshad Ali, Imdad Ali Mahmood, Muhammad Salim, Muhammad Arshadullah* and Abdul Rasool Naseem**

GROWTH AND YIELD OF DIFFERENT BRASSICA GENOTYPES UNDER SALINE SODIC CONDITIONS
...ntent in seeds were also determined. Comparatively more number of branches and pods per plant were produced by cultivar Dunkled closely followed by BARD-I while maximum seed yield (241.7 and -1 235.1 kg ha ) was obtained from Dunkled and Sultan Raya, respectively which was statistically at par. However, BRS-II and Rainbow showed significantly more percent oil contents in their seeds but genotype Dunkled showed minimum Na+ and K+ concentration in their tissues....

 Muhammad Yasin Mirza*, Mubashir Ahmad Khan*, Muhammad Amjad* and Malik Shah Nawaz*

STABILITY ANALYSIS FOR ECONOMIC TRAITS IN SESAME ( L.)
...ility parameters, and to determine inter-parameters correlation. Two locations (NARC and D.I. Khan) were suitable for high productivity. PR-19-9-S produced maximum (341 kgha ) at NARC and V-90005 produced 344 kgha and PARS-I produced 304 kgha at D.I Khan. The variance due to GE interaction was highly significant for all the traits showing heritable variation among the genotypes. The linear component of GE interaction was also significant for all traits except ...

 Sadia Tehrim*, M. Yasin Mirza** and G. Mustafa Sajid*

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF DIFFERENT GROWTH REGULATORS FOR EFFICIENT PLANT REGENERATION IN GRAPES
...on media were studied to determine the best combination for in vitro morphogenesis of grapevine accessions viz., 4494(1) Kowar Sufaid, 4472(12) Harker Agoon and 4492(1) Kowar Naray. When levels of benzylaminopurine (BAP) were increased in the basal MS media for culturing the grape plantlets, there was a corresponding increase in the number of shoots and root mass. Additionally, the shoot proliferation response to increasing level of BAP was found genotype depe...

 Tabinda Qaiser*, Ayesha Tahir*, Sajida Taj* and Murad Ali*

BENEFIT-COST ANALYSIS OF APICULTURE ENTERPRISE: A CASE STUDY IN DISTRICT CHAKWAL, PAKISTAN
...ng the necessary data to determine the costs and return of beekeeping and assess the scope of beekeeping. The benefit cost ratio of beekeeping was 1.4709 which showed that this business was profitable. It will be a great source of employment creation for the rural poor people to reduce the poverty. There is a great prospect of beekeeping in Pakistan on the basis of the socioeconomic context of the country and some special features of the enterprise.

...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**

ECONOMICS OF COW MILK PRODUCTION IN SINDH AND AZAD JAMMU & KASHMIR
...l feeding cost have been determined and cost-benefit analysis of milk production by ecological zones was also conducted. Wide variations in share of feed sources in total feeding cost per annum, milk productivity and profitability of main cow breeds across selected areas have been observed. Concentrate feeding is the main cost item for cow milk production in irrigated areas of Sindh and constitutes more than half (54 %) of the total feeding cost per annum. Whi...

 Md. Nazirul Islam*, M. Z. Rahman**, R. Ali***, A. K. Azad**** and M. K. Sultan**

DIVERSITY ANALYSIS AND ESTABLISHMENT OF CORE SUBSETS OF HYACINTH BEAN COLLECTION OF BANGLADESH
...ut of 484 accessions was determined. Diversity Indices of different characters of the core accessions were of equal or higher magnitudes to the respective characters of base collection indicating the better representation of core to the original collection.

...

 Aniqa Iram*, Javed Khan**, Nadeem Aslam**, Ehsan-ul-Haq**, Habib Iqbal Javed**, Muhammad Irfan*, Awais Rasool*, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi** and Sumera Aslam* 

EFFICACY OF PLANT DERIVED OILS AND EXTRACTS AGAINST WHITEFLY, BEMISIA TABACI (GENNADIUS) ON SESAME CROP
...eriment was conducted to determine the effect of some plant extracts of mint (Mentha spp.) and geranium (Pelargonium graveolens) and soybean oil (Glycine max), mustard oil (Brassica spp.) and taramera oil (Eruca sativa) against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci on sesame crop. The data were recorded 24h before and 24h, 48h, 72h and 168h after application of each spray material. The results showed that whitefly population was significantly suppressed by both the botanic...

 Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar* 

LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...od assets and poverty is determined by employing poverty score card technique. The poverty status of household was highly correlated with the livelihood sources (P<0.01), water availability for irrigation(P<0.10) and tenancy status (P<0.05). The results regarding poverty revealed that 2.50% of the sampled households were chronically poor, 5.0% transitory poor, 37.5% transitory vulnerable, 32.5% transitory non- poor and 22.5% was non-poor. Most of the ...

 Tosif Tabassam*, Tariq Sultan**, M.Ehsan Akhtar**, M.Mahmood-ulHassan** and Arshad Ali**

SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FORMULATED CARRIERS FOR SUSTAINING MICROBIAL SHELF LIFE
...cal characteristics were determined. Four combinations in the range of 40% clay, 30-40% fly-ash, 10-15% press mud and 10-15% lignitic coal were selected which had good adhesion capacity, moisture holding capacity, nutrient contents and investigated for microbial shelf life. Significant difference regarding microbial survival was observed between different formulations as well as between different incubation intervals. Among different carrier tested the 8 8 -1 ...

 Riaz Hussain*, Muhammad Riaz** and Mushtaq A. Saleem***

TOXICITIES OF AZADIRACHTIN AND POLYCHLORINATED PETROLEUM HYDROCARBON AGAINST RESISTANT AND SUSCEPTIBLE STRAINS OF TRIBOLIUM CASTANEUM (COLEOPTERA: TENEBRIONIDAE) ADULTS
...idae) adult beetles were determined through filter paper impregnated method against azadirachtin (Nimbokil 60 EC) and polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon (Tenekil 100 EC). The LC values of these insecticides were worked out as 12830 and 50 9331 ppm for azadirachtin and 5148 and 4047 ppm for Tenekil 100 EC against PAK and FSS-II strains, respectively. The results revealed that polychlorinated petroleum hydrocarbon was more toxic than the azadirachtin. Further...

 Amjad Pervez*, Syed Muzaffar Ahmed*, Akhlaq Ahmad** and Qazi Mehmood Ali**

EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT FOOD GRAINS AS BAITS FOR MANAGEMENT OF HYSTRIX INDICA
...tudies were conducted to determine highly effective cereal used as bait base for its management. Six locally available food grains viz., wheat, rice, maize, black gram, sorghum and millet were offered in whole/crack form. Under no choice and choice tests, rice was the most preferred food, followed by wheat, maize and others. The present study suggested that rice in whole or cracked form alone or in combination with wheat can be applied as very palatable (32% a...

 Imdad Ali Mahmood*, Arshad Ali**, Armghan Shahzad**, Muhammad Asif Masud Ghumman***, Muhammad Arshad Ullah**, Tariq Sultan** and Badar-u-Zaman**

CROP RESIDUES AND PHOSPHORUS EFFECT ON YIELD AND ECONOMICS OF DIRECT SEEDED RICE AND WHEAT GROWN UNDER SALINE-SODIC SOIL
...sidues incorporation was determined. Among P application treatments under no crop residues incorporation, the maximum net benefit (Rs. 75874 and Rs. -1 -1 =65725) and the highest residual values (Rs. 49809 ha and Rs 39160 ha ) for -1 direct seeded rice and wheat, respectively, were attained with 120 kg P2O5 ha -1 which were not again as much as that of 80 kg P O ha application with crop 2 5 residues incorporation. 

...

 S. Talat Gilani*, Shahid Hameed* and Hussain Shah* 

OCCURANCE AND DISTRIBUTION OF POTY VIRUSES INFECTING GARLIC IN PAKISTAN
...s designed to detect and determine the prevalence, incidence and distribution of the poty viruses causing diseases in garlic (Allium sativum) from major garlic growing areas of Pakistan. The yellow stripes, mosaic and chlorotic spot symptoms of the disease resemble the viral infection in garlic reported to occur worldwide. Altogether 690 samples were collected from 29 locations of Punjab and 40 locations of Khyber Pukhtunkhwa to determ...

 Abdul Razaq*, Muhammad Jamal Khan*, Tahir Sarwar* and Mohammad Jamal Khan**

EFFECT OF DEFICIT IRRIGATION, SOWING METHODS AND MULCHING ON WHEAT YIELD AND NITROGEN UPTAKE
...text-align: justify;">To determine the irrigation water scarcity, inefficient irrigation supplies to farm lands, increasing temperature with high evaporation rate and poor sowing, an experiment was conducted at the research farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar during 2011-12. In the study three factors were studied i.e., sowing methods, mulching and deficit irrigation with four levels viz: full irrigation (DI ), 20% deficit irrigation (DI ), 40% def...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Tanveer Ahmad*, Zulfiqar Ali*, Munir Ahmad** and Nadeem Amjad***

FIELD EVALUATION OF A WHEAT STRAW CHOPPER
...f southern Punjab and to determine the economics of this machine. Five test plots ranging from 0.39 to 0.61 ha were selected to determine the performance of this machine. Results revealed that a 75 hp tractor was suitable for operating this machine. Average operating speed of chopper was 2.7 km h . Average effective field capacity of chopper was 0.40 ha h and field efficiency was 67.9%. Amount of chaff recovered was 2404 kg ...

 

Shakir Ullah*, Aish Muhammad*, Iqbal Hussian*, Hafeez-Ur-Rahman**, Muhammad Zeeshan Hyder***, Muhammad Din**** and Nizamud Din

MORPHOLOGICAL VARIATIONS IN APRICOT CULTIVARS GROWN IN GILGIT BALTISTAN PAKISTAN
...
Skardu Local were determined to late blossom as compared to others. The
cultivars Marghulam, Shakarfo, Charmagzi, Nili Pawand, Habi and Astore1
have firm type of fruit. A statistical tool Principal Component Analysis was
used. The eigenvalue was able to represent 84.8% of total variance. Leaf
size and leaf blade shape were highly correlated (r = 0.383). Positive
correlation found in shape of fr...

Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun 

...mplications. In order to determine the magnitude and factors of non-compliance to physicians’ advice in diabetics attending outpatients, a cross-sectional analytical study was conducted in outpatient diabetic clinics of Shaikh Zayed and Services Hospitals in Lahore. Results presented in this study are based on 177 patients investigated for 3 months (April 2014-June 2014). Subjects were conveniently enrolled after taking written informed consent using a s...
Selçuk Kaplan1,* and Sertaç Atalay2
...the present study was to determine the polymorphism of insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF1) and leptin (LEP) genes in Kivircik crossbred ewes. Therefore, IGF1/BfoI and Lep/BcnI polymorphisms were examined by polymerase chain reaction- restriction fragment length polymorphism method. The single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the regulatory region of the IGF1 gene was detected by amplification of the 294 bp region using specif...
Naimat Ullah Khan1,2, Muhammad Hassan Saleem1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1Nisar Ahmad3, Ayesha Hassan1, Muhammad Kashif Prince1, Muhammad Luqman Sohail4,*, Mian Saeed Sarwar2, Hazrat Ali2, Tahir Usman2, Asadullah Khan2, Siffat Ullah Khan3 and Shahid Zaman5
...ber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK) to determine the prevalence and risk factors responsible for the occurrence of Cryptosporidium in lambs and has been known to cause human infection. Three hundred and sixty fecal samples (n=360) were collected through convenient sampling from apparently healthy lambs and were examined using the modified Ziehl Neelsen acid fast staining. Prevalence was calculated along with different risk factors associated with the disease (month, ...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...s study was conducted to determine the impact of different land-use types viz. natural (grassland, forest/silviculture, barren) and agricultural (lemon, guava, lychee orchards, rice-wheat crop) lands on soil macroinvertebrate fauna. Random sampling was done in winter 2015 and summer 2016 using monoliths and pitfall traps. Results revealed that land-used types exert a differential impact on the diversity and population abundance of macrofaunal communitie...
Basit Zeshan1,2,*, Mushtaq A. Saleem2,Javed Iqbal Wattoo2, Mohd Mokhtar Arshad1 and Maizan Mohamed1
...olecular weight of 38kDa determined through SDS-PAGE and confirmed by Western blotting. The recombinant truncated protein was then purified from the culture media. The immunogenicity of the protein was studied in an animal experiment on mice, in which mice were injected subcutaneously. These findings suggest that the truncated Sf200 expressed in the pET-32a (+) prokaryotic vector can be used as antigen to detect antibodies against IBV.
...
Grace Chinenye Onyishi, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie, Joseph O. Okoro, Christopher Didigwu Nwani*, Ngozi Ezenwaji, Ndubisi Stanley Oluah and Fabian C. Okafor
...s study was conducted to determine the terrestrial snail species and associated helminth parasites in Ugwueme agricultural zone of Enugu State, Nigeria. The snails were collected from two communities. Light and teasing methods were used for recovery of parasites from the snails. A total of 618 snails belonging to 7 species (Achatina achatina, A. belteata, A. degneri, Limicolaria aurora, L. flammea, Lamellaxis gracilis and Orthalicus sp.) were col...
Nilgün Paksoy1, Hikmet Dinç2 and Serap Kılıç Altun3,*
...aim of this study was to determine the concentrations of Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn, Ni, Cd, V and Ba in donkey, goat, and sheep milk samples. Fifty-six individual milk samples were collected from 17 lactating donkeys, 19 goats, and 20 sheeps in three different Turkish Farms. The samples were analyzed by inductively coupled plasma - mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Minimum and maximum levels of Na, Mg, P, K, Ca, Fe, Cu, Zn in donkey milk samples were 108.6-202.7,...

Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Abdul Malik2*, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2, Naveedullah1, Naeem Ijaz3 and Ishaq Ahmad4 

... Conductivity (ECw) were determined. Suitability of groundwater for irrigation purposes was evaluated following various classification schemes. The results show that in most part of the study area, water table is showing slightly rising trend, except Sur Dag, Narre Khawar and Takht-e-Nasrati areas, where the water table is declining. On other hand, the numbers of tube wells extracting ground water are increasing rapidly. The wells discharges of the sampled tub...
Kaori Sasaoka1, Takahiro Kataoka1, Norie Kanzaki1, Yusuke Kobashi1, Akihiro Sakoda2, Yuu Ishimori2 and Kiyonori Yamaoka1,*
...in radiosensitivity, and determined the appropriate dose of CDDP combined with radon inhalation for highly radiosensitive mice. CDDP was administered at 20 mg/kg weight to C57BL/6J and BALB/c mice after radon inhalation at 1000 Bq/m3 and 2000 Bq/m3 for 24 h. Radon inhalation had a slight positive effect against CDDP toxicity in C57BL/6J mice with respect to improved hair condition, whereas radon inhalation exacerbated CDDP-induced toxicit...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...hirteen strains was then determined qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Zones of hydrolysis produced by the bacterial strains were ranged from 0.9-2.6 mm2 in diameter. Enzyme production units were 59.0, 57.0, 58.0and 58.0 µg/ml/min by the bacterial isolates designated as BCTL-SL-197, BCTL-FL-24, BCTL-VL-23 and BCTL-FL-27, respectively. Bacterial growth was checked at different pH and temperature conditions. Best growth was observed at pH ...
Fouzia Tabssum1* and Syed Shahid Ali2
...hirteen strains was then determined qualitatively as well as quantitatively. Zones of hydrolysis produced by the bacterial strains were ranged from 0.9-2.6 mm2 in diameter. Enzyme production units were 59.0, 57.0, 58.0and 58.0 µg/ml/min by the bacterial isolates designated as BCTL-SL-197, BCTL-FL-24, BCTL-VL-23 and BCTL-FL-27, respectively. Bacterial growth was checked at different pH and temperature conditions. Best growth was observed at pH ...

Ikramullah Khan1,2*, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Sohail Akhtar2, Ijaz Ali3 and Ghufran Ullah4 

...Heat stress response was determined in dairy cows,9 each from Holstein Frisian (HF), Crossbred-50% (HF × Sahiwal) and Bos Indicus (Sahiwal and Achai). Cows were sampled at environmental temperature 18, 32 and 42 °C in February, April and June, respectively. The physiological parameters recorded were rectal temperature (RT), respiration rate (RR) and pulse rate (PR) whereas biochemical parameters determined from blo...
María Magdalena Crosby-Galván1, Bernardino Espinoza-Velasco1 and Mónica Ramirez-Mella2,*
...y and gas production was determined at 24 h of incubation in ruminal fluid obtained from two Holstein cows with a ruminal cannula. Randomized block experimental design was used as and a comparison of means was performed by the Tukey test. The results indicated that dry matter digestibility was significantly increased (P ≤ 0.05), while gas production tended to decrease (P≤0.1) with the addition of residue of chihua pumpkin. Under the conditi...
Ahmad Farooq1, Usman Waheed2,3, Hasan Abbas Zaheer2,3, Abdul Rauf4, Abida Arshad5, and Muhammad Arshad1,*
... of current study was to determine the prevalence of HBV and HCV infections among thalassaemia major patients. The study was conducted from June – December 2016, at the Thalassaemia Centre, Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, Islamabad and the Pakistan Thalassaemia Centre, Pakistan Baitul Mal, Islamabad, Pakistan. Data were obtained by clinical testing of 1,440 ß thalassaemia major patients visiting for blood transfusions at regular int...
Tariq Mukhtar,1,* Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Humayun Javed2
...the present study was to determine the latest distribution of wheat seed gall nematode Anguina tritici (Steinbuch) in Sargodha division of the Punjab province of Pakistan. The overall incidence of ear cockle of wheat in the division was found to be 1.2% while the overall prevalence was 27%. As regards districts, the maximum incidence was recorded in district Bhakkar followed by Khushab. Similarly, the maximum prevalence was observed in district Bhakkar ...
Shagufta Andleeb*1, Shabana Shaukat1, Chaman Ara2
...Results of present study determine that garlic is a potential antidote to ameliorate the cadmium induced teratogenic and hepatotoxic defects in developing Gallus domesticus.
...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah*, Mohammed A. Alshaikh, Abdulrahman Jarelnabi, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman and Mansour F. Hussein
...Saudi Arabian camels was determined using an indirect enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). All camels tested were clinically normal. Out of 253 camels of either sex, 117 (21.99%) were found to be serologically positive to specific anti-N.caninum antibodies. Logistic regression analysis and estimation of odds ratio revealed significant association of the sex and location of the camels with N. caninum seropositivity. On the other hand, neithe...
Abdul Majid Ujjal2, Sharmin Akter1* and Suman Paul1 
... buffalo diseases and to determine the temporal distribution of important infectious diseases of buffalo like as Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) and Haemorrhagic Septicaemia (HS) at Upazila veterinary hospitals of Jaintapur, Gowainghat and Kanaighat upazilas of Sylhet district. From October, 2015 to September, 2017 a total of 1057 cases of buffalo diseases were recorded in the hospital record books. Among all diseases, the overall hospital prevalence of Helminthi...
Lotta Wahldén1, 3, Ulf Emanuelson1, Torsten Møller2 and Jonas Johansson Wensman1*
...ization test was used to determine presence of CDV antibodies, and an indirect IgG ELISA was used to detect CPV antibodies. Neutralizing antibodies was induced after CDV vaccination and persisted up to 3.9 years. Most animals had high IgG antibody titers to CPV prior to vaccination and vaccination did not result in increased titers. A decline in CPV antibody titer with increasing age was observed regardless of immunization status. Our results suggest that vacc...
Huma Ayub1,Iftikhar Ahmad2, Syed Lal Shah3,*, Muhammad Zafarullah Bhatti4, Nuzhat Shafi5 and Mazhar Qayyum1
... species in the lake was determined by richness and evenness indices, which were found as follows; Margalef Index 1.30 to 3.87, Shannon’s Index 2.54 to 3.68, Simpson Index 0.92 to 0.97, Simpson’s Reciprocal Index 12.25 to 37.69 and Pielou’s Evenness Index 0.94 to 1.0. The zooplankton community was found abundant in summer as compared to winter. The copepods were found dominant followed by rotifers and cladocerans for entire study period. The ...
Amna Kausar1,2, Sana Anwar1, Naila Siddique2, Safia Ahmed1 and Javid Iqbal Dasti1,*
...Aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of avian influenza virus (AIV) subtypes (AIV H9, AIV H7 and AIV H5) in non-vaccinated wild and domesticated bird species across Pakistan. During January-December 2013, in total 700 samples were collected from different species of non-vaccinated birds inhabiting diverse ecological zones of Pakistan. Altogether, 507 tissue and swab samples were screened for the presence of viral RNA by reverse transcriptase polym...
Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1,*, Waseem Akram2, Sumi Lee3, Shakir Manzoor1, Syed Rajab Ayub1, Khalil Ur Rehman1, Shinawar Waseem Ali1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha1 and Sumaira Maqsood1
... spinosad susceptibility determined here for these stored insect pests will therefore help to monitor resistance in the future.
...

Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi

...cultivation. In order to determine the frequency and relative cover (RC), the samples were collected from 481 fields during the growing season and 255 fields after harvesting rice in Guilan province (Iran) from 2014 to 2016 (from April to March of each year) based on the method of Thomas by throwing 0.5m × 0.5m quadrat to count existing genus and species of weeds. According to the results, the highest frequency was related to weed species of Echinochloa ...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...rticle is to compute and determine exactly the sizes and degrees of major crops market risk. The market risk analysis of major crops such as coarse grain rice, wheat, corn, cotton and soybean are determined using the VaR (Value at Risk) model. The practical consequences indicated that the normal distribution model is not appropriate used in evaluating the major crops market risk due to various degrees of market risk in vario...

Qasim Iqbal1, Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Obaidullah Shafique1, Bashir Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Ihsanullah Khan4  

...he Cluster analysis also determined SF 16003 as best hybrid which was at a very close distance from the group of SF16010 and SF 16002. 

...
Yakup Erdal Erturk1, Adem Aksoy2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
... the present work was to determine potential factors that influence average fattening final live weight (AFFLW) per enterprise for crossbred cattle reared in beef cattle enterprises in North East Anatolia region (comprising Erzurum, Igdir, Kars and Agri provinces) of Turkey. For this goal, Multivariate Adaptive Regression Splines (MARS), a-non parametric regression technique, was used to develop a respectable prediction equation that can denote interaction eff...
Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam1, Iram Gull1, Zaigham Abbas2,* and Muhammad Amin Athar1
...FNα2-Tα1 was determined by 12 % SDS-PAGE and its integrity was confirmed by Immuno blot analysis using anti-interferon α-2 and anti-thymosin α-1 antibodies. Purified IFNα2-Tα1 demonstrated anti-proliferation activity as assessed by MTT assay. This study also showed that N-terminal fusion of SUMO withIFNα2-Tα1 is effective for its soluble expression and to make its purification process more convenient.
...
Aqeela Ashraf1,2,*, Muhammad Imran1 and Yung-Fu Chang2
...esent study was aimed to determine the antimicrobial resistance of E. coli isolates from bovine mastitis and identification of antimicrobial resistance and virulence genes associated with them. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed by disk diffusion method. Resistance and virulence genes were detected by PCR. The results showed that 100% of isolates were resistant to penicillin, 54% to ampicillin, 44% to tetracycline and 30% to streptomycin...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...Cirrhina mrigala was determined in this research work. The fish were exposed to each of the 19 different concentrations (5-90 mg/L) of Fe+Zn+Pb+Ni mixture to determine 96 h LC50 and lethal concentration. During acute toxicity test, behavioral changes and catalase activity in liver, kidney, gills, brain and muscle of the fish were also studied. The mean 96 h LC50 and lethal value for C. mrigala

Ghufran ul Haq1*, Muhammad Arif2, Asad Ali2 and Mian Inayatullah3 

...t study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) and the population of its vector, whiteflies (Bemisia tabaci), and determine the transmission properties of the prevalent isolate of the virus in the major tomato growing areas of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP). For this purpose, surveys were conducted in the hilly areas of Mohmand Agency and Malakand Agency and plains of Shabqadar, Charsadda...

Muhammad Adnan Khan1*, Majid Suhail Hashmi1, Ali Muhammad1, Muhammad Muneeb1, Haris Bilal1 and Gul Wali

...esearch was conducted to determine the possibility of orange date blended squash at different ratios, i.e. OD1 (orange 90% + date 10%), OD2 (orange 80% + date 20%), OD3 (orange 70% + date 30%), OD4 (orange 60% + date 40%), OD5 (orange 50% + date 50%) and OD6 (orange 40% + date 60%). Orange date blended squash was prepared by the combination of pulp: sugar: water, with 3: 4: 1 ratio respectively. All samples were tested for total soluble solids (TSS), pH, titra...

Nashwa Mohamed Eid1, Al-Hussien Mohamed Dahshan1, El-Shayma El-Nahass2, Basma Shalaby3 and Ahmed Ali1* 

...trations of both EOs was determined in vitro using the agar dilution test. Concentration as low as 0.25% and 0.125% of thyme and clove oils, respectively, were able to completely inhibit the growth of CP. An in vivo study was conducted in commercial broiler chickens, where, 2 groups of 10 day-old broilers were fed a balanced ration with addition of thyme (0.25%) or clove (0.125%). Birds were then challenged with CP (1×108 CFU) together with another 2 gro...
Muhammad Nazar Aftab1, Ahmed Ali1, Muhammad Asad1, Sadia Fatima2 and Furhan Iqbal2,*
...omplete blood count were determined in both experimental treatments at the end of dose supplementation. Our results revealed that oral supplementation of 80mg/Kg body weight of AlCl3 for 16 days did not affect (P > 0.05) any of the studied parameters of complete blood count. On the other hand, serological parameters like triglycerides (P = 0.0075 ), total proteins (P = 0.042) and creatinine (P = 0.0038)were significantly higher in treated male mi...
Fazul Nabi1,2, Hui Zhang1, Muhammad Kashif Iqbal1 , Mujeeb ur Rehman1, Muhammad Shahzad3, Khalid Mehmood1,3 and Jiakui Li1,* 
...esent study was aimed to determine specificity of salvia miltiorrhiza (SM) on growth plate width, liver oxidative stress and toxicity in avian TD. One hundred and fifty broiler chicks were equally distributed into three groups: Control, Thiram (50 mg/kg/d) and SM (10 mg/kg/d) treated. Results showed that thiram caused lameness, decrease in alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity and increase in alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) ac...
Jun Chen1, Shuai Shang2, Xiaoyang Wu1, Jiakuo Yan1, Huaming Zhong1, Huanxin Zhang2, Weilai Sha1, Wanchao Zhu1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
Hasina Baloch1, Rahmatullah Rind2,*, Muhammad Rafique Rind3, Viram Kumar4, Nazia Baloch5 and Rajesh K. Oad6
...astitis in buffaloes was determined. The soil bedding material played significant role in the prevalence of both, clinical and subclinical mastitis. Significantly higher prevalence of clinical mastitis was observed in August (52, 10.74%), while the overall prevalence (26.65%) was determined during hot humid summer season. Similarly significantly higher frequency of non-apparent udder infection in animals ...
Yakup Erdal Ertürk
...le were recorded. It was determined that predictive models based upon MARS algorithm explained virtually all of variability in the final fattening weight (FFW) for each gender when model assessment criteria (viz. R2, SDRATIO, GCV and Pearson correlation coefficient between real and estimated scores in the final fattening weight) in the current study were considered. SDRATIO estimates of the MARS models for male and femal...
Zihong Chen1, Ling Xu2, Xiaona Yang2, Yaguan Zhang3* and Yuming Yang4
.../i>. It was proposed and determined based on morphological characters combined with a multigene phylogenetics analysis involving 5.8S–ITS, nrSSU, nrLSU, EF–1α, RPB1 and RPB2. In multilocus phylogeny, M. baoshanense was grouped as a sister clade to Metarhizium majus, Metarhizium guizhouense, Metarhizium lepidiotae and Metarhizium indigoticum, but conclusively separated from these allied species with high supp...
Selçuk Kaplan
...(MAS) have been using to determine the associations between the genes and economic traits of livestock animals. However, phenotypic values do not generally indicate the real genotypic values of animals. However, using MAS approaches in selection of animals can increase the accuracy of selection. From this point of view, validation of candidate gene markers for marker assisted selection is very important to increase genetic gains in breeding. Leptin is a 16 kDa...
Guifen Liu1,2, Xiaomu Liu1,2, Khuram Shahzad3, Wei You1,2, Juan J. Loor3,* and Fachun Wan1,2,4,*
...ment. This will allow to determine the functional relevance of the genes and pathways uncovered.
...
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5 
...This study was panned to determine the effect of intravenous MgSO4 on pulmonary function test in acute severe attack of asthma.
Methodology: A double blind placebo control study was conduced on about 132 asthmatics, which were aged between 18-60 years at Mayo Hospital Emergency with FEV1 ≤ 30% of the predicted value. Spirometry of all asthmatics (study and placebo groups) in the emergency department was performed by ...
Kaleem Ullah1, Zafar Niaz2, Sami Ullah Mumtaz3, Sajid Abaidullah4*
...s study was conducted to determine the presence of left ventricular diastolic dysfunction in patients of COPD.
Material and Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in Mayo Hospital Lahore for one year. A total of 50 confirmed cases of COPD were included in the study. History of smoking was taken and subjects were examined for positive signs for the clinical, ECG, x-ray chest PA view and pulmonary function tests. Additionally, they wer...
Abdul Wajid1,*, Asma Basharat2, Muhammad Akbar Shahid3, Sidra Tul Muntaha1, Abdul Basit4, Tanveer Hussain5, Muhammad Farooq Tahir6, Muhammad Azhar7, Masroor Ellahi Babar1 and Shafqat Fatima Rehmani2
...ted with IBH and HPS was determined. Sequence alignment and phylogenetic analysis based on direct sequencing of hypervariable region of hexon gene grouped these sequences into two distinct groups, three FAdV isolates were clustered together belonging to fowl adenoviruses C species and serotype FAdV-4. The similar viruses have been commonly isolated since late 1980s from the poultry flocks. In addition, seven genetically related FAdV isolates were from fowl ade...
Masood Nizam Tabassum1*, Muhammad Ather Khan2, Saira Afzal3, Amir Gilani4, Abdul Wahab Gureja5, ShafaqTabassum6
...is study was conductedto determine the demographic parameters of patients of Tuberculosis at public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was conducted in outpatient Department of chest Medicine in Public sector health facilities Lahore, Pakistan from 1st January 2017 to 30th June 2017 after informed consent from Tuberculosis patients. After simple random sampling 1120 patients comi...
Sukirno Sukirno1,2, Muhammad Tufail1,3,*, Khawaja Ghulam Rasool1Said El Salamouny1, 4, Koko Dwi Sutanto1 and Abdulrahman Saad Aldawood1
.../i>MNPV was performed to determine the lethal concentrations of this virus against the first and second larval instar of S. exigua. The potency of ten plant extracts as UV absorbers were done by measuring the absorption spectra of the 0.5% extracts using UV spectrophotometer. Based on preliminary data, clove, green tea and henna extracts at 10% (v/v) concentration were added to the virus and tested under semi-field conditions on the cabbage plantations ...
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,2, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2,*, Farhat Jabeen2, Abdullah Ijaz Hussain3, Arshad Javid4, Muhammad Asrar2 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan2
... work was carried out to determine the effect of phytase supplementation on mineral digestibility and carcass composition of Catla catla fingerlings fed MOSM based diets. Phytate in plant by-products decreases the bioavailability of minerals and deposition of nutrients in fish body, resulting in poor fish growth. Results demonstrated that phytase supplementation showed significant (p<0.05) improvement in ADC% of minerals and carcass compositio...
Doğan Türkyılmaz1,*, Selçuk Özyürek2,Nurinisa Esenbuğa1 and Mustafa Yaprak1
...positive correlation was determined. The ideal and most suitable udder type for machine milking is pear-shaped and oblique teat (Type III). So this result can help us for selection of milking ability in Morkaraman and Tuj breeds.
...
Muhammad Shaheer1*, Asad Aslam Khan2, Nasir Ahmed3, Tehseen Mahmood Mahju4, Ummarah Rasheed5
...is study was designed to determine the effect of intravitreal bevacizumab in patients of diabetic macular edema.
Methods: An interventional study was conducted on patients that underwent pre-injection and one-month post-injection OCT for RNFL thickness. OCT was performed by researchers and findings were recorded accordingly. The retinal nerve fiber layer thickness was measured in superior, inferior halves and total average thickness. Pre- an...
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...is study was designed to determine demographic characteristics and disease patterns related to different organ systems presenting at first tier of primary healthcare system. 
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Basic Health Unit’s (BHU) Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) database retrospectively in order to determine the age, gender and organ system wise distribution of various di...
Rana Khurram Aftab1*, Farhat Ijaz2, Samia Jawed3
...iv>Objectives: To determine the frequency of obesity according to body mass index and waist hip ratio and its relationship with hypertension among medical students.
Methodology: It was a descriptive cross sectional study where a total of 213 students of 1st year MBBS and BDS were involved. Their waist circumference, hip circumference, height and weight were recorded. Moreover, on these subjects bosy mass index (BMI), waist ...
Farhat Ijaz1, Rana Khurram Aftab2*, Samia Jawed3
...ayo Hospital, Lahore. We determined and compared TNF-α levels and insulin resistance in 90 subjects where there were 50 obese patients with T2DM and 40 were non-obese Type 2 diabetic patients. TNF-α and serum insulin levels were determined using ELISA. Insulin resistance was calculated using HOMA-IR. Comparison between groups was performed using independent sample t-test. The P value ≤ 0.05 was considered stat...
Zartasha Anjum1*, Rakhshindah Bajwa2 and Munazza Hassan3
...ry breast carcinomas and determine its association with ER/PR expression.
Material & Methods: Cross-sectional analytical study was conducted to examine the immunohistochemical expression of HMG-CoAR in 75 cases of breast carcinoma. Study was carried out in postgraduate medical institute, Lahore. The frequency and percentage were calculated for histological grade of the tumor and expression of HMG-CoAR, ER and PR. Fischer exact test was a...
Muhammad Nusrullah*1, Muhammad Younus2 and Yasir Nasir3
...div>Objective: To determine the correlation between arterial and venous blood gases in patients presenting with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease.
Material and Methods: This cross sectional study was conducted at Department of Chest Medicine, Mayo Hospital, Lahore, Pakistan. After meeting the inclusion criteria, 100 patients were enrolled. Informed consent was taken and demographic information was obtained. Blood sample was obtain...
Mumtaz Akhtar, Iffat Naheed, Khadija Waheed* and Amna Khanum
...is study was designed to determine the frequency of postpartum hemorrhage after administration of per rectal misoprostol in females undergoing normal vaginal delivery. The study was conducted at the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Teaching Hospital, Lahore from 02-09-2014 to 03-03-2015. Non-probability and purposive sampling techniques were used. A total of 220patients undergoing normal vaginal delivery at term after administration of per rectal miso...
Sana Rafique1, Hina Saqib1, Khushi Muhammad2, Nazia Akbar2, Abdul Rauf3, Muzafar Shah4,*
...autumn season of 2015 to determine the prevalence of Dengue fever virus in district Mansehra, Pakistan. Patients were selected with the convenience sampling which were admitted in Al-Khidmat foundation and King Abdullah hospitals in Mansehra, Pakistan, where patients were screened for dengue virus non-structural protein using Rapid Diagnostic kit for Dengue virus (DENV) i.e. SD BIOLINE Dengue IgG/IgM. Data was obtained from patient’s record, fille...

Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2* 

...zed methods were used to determine the proximate composition of 72 samples. On wet weight basis, mean percentage for water was 80.76 %, ash 3.40 %, 4.31 % for fat and 11.53 % for protein in C. idella. Percent water contents showed inverse relationship with % protein (dry and wet body weight), % ash and % organic contents (wet body weight). Wet body weight (W) showed negative correlation (P < 0.001) with percent water, percent fat (dry and wet body weight) a...
Hülya Şereflişan and Beyza Ersoy Altun*
...l (E/NE) amino acids was determined as 0.37 for A. pseudodopsis and 0.34 for U. tigridis. Hence, these mussels are reliable sources of nutrition to cover amino acid requirements of human.
...

Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito1*, Tajwer Sultana Syed1, Ghulam Hussain Abro1 and Inayatullah Rajper2  

...s study was conducted to determine the influence of green manure (Trifolium alexandrinum L.) and conventional IPM on population of sucking insect pests of cotton during 2013. The population of sucking insect pests i.e., Bemesia tabaci, Amrasca biguttula biguttula and Scirtothrips dorsalis was recorded on weekly basis cotton grown with both green manure and IPM treatments. The green manure treatments suffered comparatively higher population of B. tabaci (0.83&p...
Muhammad Mobashar1, Muhammad Tahir1, Shahbaz Javaid2,*, Muhammad I. Anjum2, Insha Gul3, Nazir Ahmad1 andAbdul Sami1
...e study was conducted to determine the effect of three harvest maturity stages on nutritive value of oat hay and milk yield and composition. Total of 9 Holstein Friesian lactating cows with nearly similar lactation stage and body weight were fed on three rations with proportions of 40% oat hay from different maturity stages i.e. boot, flowering and dough and 60% total mixed ration. The results showed that animals fed with oat hay from flowering stage (r...

Saima Siddiqui1*, Ghulm Hussain Abro1, Tajwar Sultana Syed1 and Abdul Sattar Buriro

...teran predatory bugs was determined in cotton crop. Millet, maize and sunflower were grown as trap crops in cotton (cv CRIS-342) croping the experimental area of Entomology section, Agriculture Research Institute, Tandojam during 2011 and 2012. There was significant effect of trap crops on population reduction of jassid, thrips and white flyin cotton intercropped with millet, maize and sunflower. The minimum population of jassid (0.89), whitefly (0.36) and thr...
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
...atment T3 (3.5+20.0) was determined as additive effects according to their cumulative adjusted mortalities, Me and Chi-square values. The current research on the joint action of ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum with carbendazim offered a promising, safe and effective alternative to fungicides in treatment against S. shiraiana, popcorn disease of mulberry.
...
Iqra Arooj1,* and Shahida Hasnain2
...ose of this study was to determine the association of 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 loci with risk of CHD in a population of Punjab province of Pakistan. A total of 645 subjects were included in this study of which 435 were patients visiting hospitals of Lahore and Gujranwala districts. All the subjects were genotyped by allele-specific PCR. It was observed that the loci 6q25.1/rs6922269 and 9p21.3/rs1333049 were significantly associated with risk of C...
Majid Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Razia Iqbal2, Arshad Javid3, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1,4 and Muhammad Zubair-ul-Hassan Arsalan1
...as added in the diets to determine nutrient digestibility. The fingerlings were fed twice daily at the rate of 5 % of live wet body weight on their respective diets. Supplementation of CA in MOLM based diets significantly (p< 0.05) enhanced nutrient digestibility and growth performance of fingerlings as compared to control diet. Highest digestibility of crude protein (68.57%) was observed at 4% CA level, whereas highest digestibility of crude fat (72...
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
...rsity investigations. To determine the predictive quality of the MARS algorithm, goodness of fit criteria viz. coefficient of determination (0.994 and 0.996 R2 for Hd and Hm), Generalized Cross Validation (0.000038 and 0.024024 GCV for Hd and Hm), Cross-Validation R2 (0.974 and 0.967 CVR2 for Hd and Hm), Residual Sum of Squares (0.00046 and 0.28829 RSS for Hd and Hm) and Standard Deviation Ratio (0.078 and 0.063 SDR...

Nusrat Habib1*, Asim Zubair2 and Aisha Siddiqua3 

...ld in the study area. To determine the role of different factors that were affecting the area and yield of sunflower in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, multiple regression analysis was applied. The model pointed out that the area under sunflower have opposite relation with the seed cost, land rent, area under tobacco, area under sugarcane and price of sunflower seed, while positively related to the area under sunflower with the variables such as total operational holding,...

Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali, Liaquat Ali Jamali, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro*, Shakeel Hussain Chattha, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Naseer Ahmed Abbasi and Noor Mehdi Qumi  

... interval of 24 hours to determine different quality parameters i.e. cane weight, brix, pol/sucrose, purity, fiber and commercial cane sugar. The results revealed that weight loss and fibre content throughout increased with increasing storage period. However, a decrease was observed with increasing storage period for brix content, sucrose content, purity percentage and commercial cane sugar percentage under both storage conditions. The observations of results ...

Muhammad Abu Sufyan Ali, Syed Attaullah Shah*, Ghaffar Ali and Muhammad Fayaz 

...cteristics of a farmland determine its price. Residential and commercial encroachment on fertile irrigated farmlands at urban fringe is alarming. More than half of the sampled transacted farmland parcels were used for residential and commercial units’ construction. Farmland potential for commercial or residential use creates a value expectation and it capitalizes into farmland price. The value, however, does not influence farmland rents. For control in l...
Li Lv1, Liuan Li1,*, Ruibo Zhang1, Zhichao Deng1, Tianming Jin1 and Gaimei Du2
...st.
...

Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Javeria Choudhary1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Afzal1, Sohail Ahmed2 and Muhammad Sajjad Khalil

...hanism of resistance was determined in four different field populations of red flour beetle (Tribolium castaneum) collected from Faisalabad (Fsd-strain), Jhang (Jh-strain), Sahiwal (Swl-strain) and Sargodha (Sgd-strain) districts of Pakistan. Bioassays with two frequently used insecticides, i.e. deltamethrin and permethrin and one biological insecticide, spinosad, were performed on these strains of T. castaneum. Toxicological studies demonstrated that Fsd-, Jh...
Xiaojie Ding, Xiling Sun, Zuien Wang, Qiusheng Zheng, Xiaofei Yu, Wenjin Hao, Kejun Wang, Wenjuan Xu and Zhengping Dong*
...(AWR) score were used to determine whether the model was successful. The effects of Wumei Pill on the TLR4/9-NF-kB signaling pathway rats with IBS-D was observed by testing the contents of serum level of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-a), interleukin-6 (IL-6), lipopolysaccharide (LPS) as well as colonic mucosal tissue TLR4/9 and NF-kB. We got the following results: (1) The rat IBS-D model was successfully prepared; (2) Wumei Pill could reduce the contents...

Raza Ullah Khan*, Ahmad Khan, Mohammad Zameer Khan, Fayyaz Hussain and Sonia Saba 

...n in shoot and root were determined once after harvest of crop and shown as mean of three replications. Results showed that different combination of P yielded significant response in plant growth parameter. It was found that split application of P equally as soil and foliar caused an increase in biomass and grain yield. With respect to post harvest P and K concentration in plant parts, almost similar trend was observed showing maximum concentration of P and K ...
Asad Ullah1, Umar Sadique Khattak2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2, Imad Khan1, Ibad Ullah Jan2, Irfan Khattak1, Raheela Taj3, Sahar Nigar4,    Naimat Ullah Khan1,Mumtaz Ali Khan5 and Muhammad Luqman Sohail6,*
...l study was conducted to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of bovine tuberculosis (bTB) among large ruminants of the five districts (Peshawar, Nowshera, Charsadda, Mardan and Swabi) located in the central zone of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KPK), Pakistan. A total of 2400 large ruminants were sampled by convenience sampling approach and tested by comparative cervical intradermal tuberculin test (CCIT) for detection of Mycobacterium bovis infe...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1*, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Dakwang Nalong1, Rengkat Jonah1 and Olabode Mayowa

...study was carried out to determine the prevalence of Toxoplasma gondii antibodies in pigs, sheep and goats at slaughter in Jos, Plateau State Nigeria. Five hundred (500) serum samples comprising of 300 pigs, 100 each of sheep and goats were collected and analyzed for Toxoplasma gondii antibodies (IgG) using latex agglutination test (LAT). Serum samples with LAT titer >10 IU/ml were considered positive. The study showed that 176 of the 500 samples analyzed w...

Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1*, Maryam Bisola Adebayo2, Bashiru Shafa Abubakar3, Ibrahim Abubakar Yusuf2 and Joseph Aje Anejo-Okopi1  

...study was carried out to determine the seroprevalence of Human Parvovirus B19 IgG and IgM antibodies and to determine the risk factors associated with acquisition of the virus. A total of 326 blood samples were collected from consenting pregnant women who were attending antenatal clinic in Abuja, Nigeria. Structured questionnaire was used to obtain data on socio-demography and risk factors. The sera were obtained from sample...

Shaista Naz1*, Noor Paio Khan1, Naveed Afsar2 and Ashfaq Ahmad Shah3

...study was carried out to determine women’s participation in the types of livestock rearing, their livestock possession, participation in livestock activities, and the major faced constraints in livestock management in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province of the country. For this, a sample size of 117 women respondents was selected through multistage sampling technique and data were collected from the selected respondents using a pre-tested semi-structured questio...

Ambrin Rajput* 

...study was carried out to determine the effect of K on chickpea using cultivar Benazir having three fertilizer treatments; 0:0:0, 30:75:0 and 30:75:30 kg ha-1 of N:P:K replicated thrice with randomized complete block design respectively. The experimental soil was clay loam in texture. Application of N, P and K showed significant effect on chickpea growth and yield parameters. The maximum plant height (85.00 cm), pods plant-1 (43.8), seed index (455 g per 1000 g...

Mushtaq Hussain Lashari1*, Fozia Afzal1 and Umer Farooq

... of present study was to determine the seroprevalence and hematological changes in free-range chicken (Gallus domesticus) naturally infected with Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii). Blood samples of chicken (n=71), were collected from Cholistan areas of Bahawalpur (Punjab), Pakistan. Serum samples were tested for toxoplasmosis with a commercial latex agglutination kit (Antec Diagnostic products, UK). The overall prevalence was 26.76%. The significant (P<0.05) hi...
Adem Aksoy1, Yakup Erdal Ertürk2, Ecevit Eyduran3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4,*
...e conditions in order to determine the influence of dam age, genotype, birth weight, year, sex and birth type at lambing, weaning weight, weaning age, grazing period and weight at the end of the grazing period on pasture revenue, which is defined as the obtained revenue per lamb from weaning period to the end of the grazing period. Multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) data mining algorithms in addition to least squares method were scrutinized compar...
Ejaz Mahmood Ahmad Qureshi1,*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Seemal Vehra3 and Atif Yaqub4
...Antigen test (ELISA). To determine infectivity in a mosquito population, detection of the viruses in adult mosquitoes was used to calculate Minimum Infection Rate (MIR). Average MIR was highest being 3.52 and 2.94 in late rainy season in 2011 and 2012, respectively, while it was highest (3.06) in early post rainy season in 2013. Results also revealed significant correlation coefficient ‘r’ and coefficient ofdetermination r2 of MIR with a...

Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Ammarah Hasnain2, Ateeq ur Rehman1 and Rashida Perveen1 

...and field experiments to determine their efficacy against Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae. In vitro and in vivo studies under different conditions showed significant response of Mentha piperita, Azadirachta indica and Aloe vera either tested individually or in combination of two or more than two decoctions against the bacterium in question. When used individually, M. piperita demonstrated best in vitro, field and glass house experiments followed by the A. indica...
Tünay Kontaş Aşkar1,*, Şinasi Aşkar1, Olga Büyükleblebici2 and Murat Güzel3
...e aim of the study is to determine the oxidative stress and inflammatory changes in naturally occurring canine visceral leishmaniasis (CVL). A total of 30 dogs, comprising 10 clinically healthy and 20 dogs with leishmaniasis were enrolled in this study. The diagnosis of canine visceral leishmaniasis was performed by the immune fluorescence antibody test with antibody titter ≥1:128 and lymph node smear examination. In blood samples of dogs with visceral leis...
Nizam Uddin Jamali1, Asmatullah Kaka1,*, Pershotam Khatri1, Moolchand Malhi2, Muhammad Naeem3, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Rameez Raja Kaleri4, Habibullah Janyaro5 and Dildar Hussain Kalhoro
...t study was conducted to determine the effect of in vitro selenium addition to the semen extender on chilled and frozen thawed quality of Kundhi buffalo bull semen. After collection ejaculate was brought in Semen Production Unit. Semen was evaluated as fresh for volume, colour, motility, morphology, live dead ratio, membrane integrity and sperm concentration, post chilling for motility, morphology, live dead ratio, membrane integrity and frozen thawed for moti...

 Haji Muhammad1, Zafar Iqbal1, Tanveer Akhlaq2

Length-weight, length-length relationships and condition factor of fishes of family cyprindae from the Indus River, Pakistan
...0.645 – 1.836 also determine both
negative growth tendency in some fish species and positive growth tendency in other fish species. This study aimed
to incorporate some more information in the aquaculture sector of the country to depict the population conditions of
fish species in the Indus River.

...

 Mirfa Murtaza1, Sajid Abdullah1, Wardah Hassan1*, Khalid Abbas1, Huma Naz1, Muhammad Anjum Zia2

Studies on amylase and lipase activity in fishes fed with diet containing different feed ingredients
...of digestive enzymes was determined in Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Catla catla and Cyprinus carpio fed
with different feed ingredients. There were two glass aquaria (3×2×2 ft) for each species and ten fish in each
aquarium. Fish in one aquarium were fed on rice polish and fish in second aquarium were fed on corn gluten @ 3 %
of their wet biomass for 70 days. Results showed that fish wet weight varied significantly between the ...

 Asma Karim1, Wajid Ali1*, Noreen Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan2, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir3

Histological and biochemical study of liver of silver carp (Hypophthalmichthys molitrix) after acute exposure to pyrethoride (deltamethrin)
...The LC50 1.6 μg/L was determined. Fish (n=6) were dividing into 4 groups A (control)
B, C and D (experimental). Experimental groups B, C and D were exposed to 25%, 50% and 75% of LC50
respectively for acute exposure. The blood and liver tissue sampling was done after 96hrs for histology and
biochemical analysis [alanine amino transferase (ALT), and aspartate amino-transferase (AST)]. Liver histology
revealed that necrosis, nuclea...

Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1

Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
...Mastitis.

...

 Halil Erhan Eroğlu

The comparison of the Felidae species with karyotype symmetry/asymmetry index (S/AI)
... higher organisms can be determined. The symmetry/asymmetry
index is applied to the Felidae species. After a comprehensive literature search,
karyotype formulae, S/AI values and karyotype types of 23 species were
determined. According to the S/AI values, a phylogenetic tree was drawn showing
relationships among the species.

...

 Khurram Shahzad1*, Muhammad Naeem Khan1, Farhat Jabeen2, Nasreen Kosour3, Muhammad Sohail1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan1, Munir Ahmad1

Bioaccumulation of manufactured titanium dioxide
...seful tracking method to determine
the accretion in aquatic organisms.

...

 Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...al physiology and
determines the ability of bacteria to form biofilms. There is a need to control
bacterial motility. Present study determined swimming, swarming, and twitching
motilities in response to different physiochemical factors. Twenty-two
morphologically different bacterial strains were collected from a drain of sewage
water located in the vicinity of Jinnah hospital Lahore, Pakist...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...been conducted so for to determine α-amylase inhibition for the evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of the plant. So, the aim of this study was for the investigation of in vitro, in vivo anti-diabetic potential and mode of action of various fractions of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant. Various fractions (n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and n-butanol) from the most active methanolic extract were prepared. Hypoglycem...

Akshay Sharma*, Mohit Mahajan, Madhumeet Singh and Pravesh Kumar 

...nique, it is possible to determine the twins’ zygosity and viability. 

...

Umair Talib1, Ijaz Ashraf2, Robert Agunga1 and Saleem Ashraf3* 

...ectives of study were to determine farm damages of resource-poor farmers under environmental degradation; explore mitigation strategies available for resource-poor farmers; and examine the implications for extension educations in Pakistan. The survey of 120 farmers was conducted in the Punjab Province of Pakistan, covering 36 districts and across three of the ten agro ecological zones of the country. Rice, cotton and mix-cropping are practiced in these zones. ...

Neelum Andaleeb1*, Munir Khan1, Syed Attaullah Shah1 and Rahmat Ullah2 

...y ordered logit model to determine factors affecting households welfare, measured as daily per capita income level. Variables, such as income generating individuals, milking animals, women participation in livestock farming, education level of the head, age of the head and agricultural land holding of the household, were used as explanatory variables in the model. Results of ordered logit model showed that education level of the head, numbers of income generat...
Mirza Imran Shahzad1, Hina Ashraf2,*, Muhammad Arshad3, Sabeeha Parveen4, Amna Aslam4, Nargis Naz4, Zahid Kamran1, Sumbul Gohar Khalid5, Sajid Hameed1, Muhammad Ashfaq6 and Muhammad Mukhtar7

 

...gs. The viral loads were determined through heamagglutination (HA) test. The methanolic extract of each plant was found effective against NDV but in varying order. The active extracts were further used in different concentrations and IC50 of each extract was calculated. The extract of Achyranthes aspera was found most effective with IC50 3.125μg and the extract of Oxystelma esculentum, was found least effective with IC

Muhammad Shahzad Khattak1*, Amjad Khan1, Mahmood Alam Khan1, Waqas Ahmad2, Shafiq ur Rehman3, Mohammad Sharif4 and Sajjad Ahmad1 

...dices (SDI) were used to determine the severity of droughts for the Indus, Jhelum, Chenab and Kabul River at Tarbela, Mangla, Marala and Warsak hydrological stations for the period 1962-2011. A drought spell starting from 1999 and ending in 2002 was observed for all stations and is considered to be the worst drought in the history of Pakistan. Analysis of historical streamflow data indicated an increased occurrence of droughts in the last 12 years, which may b...
Muhammad Amir Iqbal1, Nabila Roohi1*, Ahmad Qureshy2

 

...nostic kits were used to determine the serum levels of FT4, FT3, TSH, Creatinine, AST and ALT. Prominent reduction (P<0.001) of creatinine was observed in overt hyperthyroid state, when compared with controls. However, significant (P<0.05) improvement was noticed in it in post treatment group. Pronounced elevation (P<0.001) of ALT was observed in overt state when compared with controls. Subclinical subjects a...
Radek Aulicky1,*, Vaclav Stejskal1 and George Opit2
...an safety. Therefore, we determined efficacy of 1-, 6-, and 24-h DDVP (evaporation rate: 0.15 ± 0.02 g.day-1) strip exposures on 5 stored-product pests, namely, Tribolium castaneum, Oryzaephilus surinamensis, Cryptolestes ferrugineus, Rhyzopertha dominica and Sitophilus granarius in an experimental chamber. We tested two DDVP evaporation regimes from the strips, namely, “preventive” and “re...

Saima Yousaf1,2, Ali Zohaib2*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Tasawer Abbas3, Sohail Irshad4, Usman Javed5 and Naila Farooq6 

...iment was carried out to determine the effect of seed inoculation with PGPRs on yield and quality of different genotypes of soybean. Seed inoculation treatments [control (no treatment), nitrogen fixing bacteria (Rhizobium japonicum) and phosphorus solubilizer (Pseudomonas fluorescens)] were applied to three different cultivars of soybean (EBR4V4, Freedom and Swat-84). The results showed that seed inoculation with R. japonicum and P. fluorescens improved the gr...

Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Tahir Sarwar1 and Muhammad Jamal Khan2 

...ing. Full irrigation was determined on the basis of MAD 30%. Simulation of nitrate leaching showed that Nitrate leaching was more sensitive to irrigation levels than Nitrogen doses. With the increasing level of irrigation nitration, leaching increased significantly compared to the increasing Nitrogen doses and same pattern was observed with the decreasing irrigation levels and decreasing nitrogen doses. When irrigation levels were increased by 10 and 20% nitra...

Zakiullah1, Muhammad Farid Khan1*, Muhammad Mohibullah3, Muhammad Iqbal2, Irfanullah3, Faheemullah3, Madiha Urooj1 and Uzma Arif1 

...ed in this experiment to determine their combining ability through 6 x 6 diallel mating design. The research was laid out in randomized complete block design with three replications at Cereal Crop Research Institute (CCRI) Pirsabak, Nowshehra (K.P.K) Pakistan during the year 2015. The results displayed highly significant (P≤0.01) variation among above six OPVS for days to germination, plant height, leaf area, number of grains ear-1, grains moisture % at har...
Syeda Beenish Bukhari1, Sidra Khalid1*, Shahid Bashir1, Riffat Mehboob2, Humaira Waseem2
...t study was conducted to determine the barriers of immunization among mothers attending Pediatric and Gynecological Department of the Sir Ganga Ram Hospital Lahore. For this, 150 mothers were selected randomly; relevant data were collected through pre-tested questionnaire. Data were tabulated and analyzed with the help of SPSS version 21.0. Results of current study showed that barriers to complete vaccination course were lack of information, myths, un-availabi...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal2, Muhammad Saleem Haider1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Ashfaq1, Muhammad A. Aqueel2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah2
...ions were carried out to determine their impact on larval mortality, pupal and adult emergence by exposing three field strains of S. litura (Faisalabad, Chiniot and Sargodha), under laboratory conditions. Both NPV and Bt were applied using diet incorporation method. Two concentrations of a NPV based formulation (Somestar): 1x107 and 1x108 POB/ml, and three concentrations of a Bt based formulation (Dipel): vi...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2

 

...ls in the pituitary were determined by qPCR, and GnRHR expression levels were assessed by qPCR and western blot analysis. Simultaneously, transcription factors, such as c-Jun, Elk-1, Egr-1, Nur77, CREB, and transduction molecules in PKC-MAPK, Ca2+-CAM, and cAMP-PKA signaling pathways, such as PKC, p38mapk, ERK, CAM, and PKA were assessed by real-time PCR and western blot analysis. BSZYF increased the serum FSH levels suppressed by mifepristone (P<0.05). Mor...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4  

...esent study was aimed to determine the awareness level of the respondents regarding biodiversity conservation. The results showed that farmers were relatively aware of regarding species diversity; however, they do not know the modern techniques to uphold crop and species diversity. Biodiversity concept of farmers is at very basic level and they know only limited conventional ways to maintain it. The statistical analysis showed weak significant association betw...

Syed Amjad Kamal Jan* and Naushad Khan 

...ves of the study were to determine the factors which affect the production per acre of rice and analyze the problems and constraints faced to rice grower in the study area. The universe of the study was Lower Dir District which consist of seven tehsil while on the basis of more production only two tehsils Balambat and Lalqila were purposively selected The total rice growers number in this district was37557, Balambat 6121 and Lalqila 5167which make total in bot...
Huseyin Cetin1,*, Oner Kocak2, Emre Oz1, Samed Koc1, Yesim Polat1 and Kalender Arıkan2
... of this research was to determine the effect of SPs (cypermethrin, permethrin and deltamethrin) and their combination with different rates of PBO (1: 0.125, 1:0.25, 1:0.5 and 1:1) against four Turkish house fly populations (Ankara, Antalya, Gaziantep and Şanlıurfa) in laboratory conditions. According to results the use of PBO in combination with insecticide active substances causes an increase in the mortality rates after 24 h. Also the toxicities of tested...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...bolism. In this study we determined that a regulator of Pigment dispersing factor, PDF-immunoreactive neurons in the Drosophila melanogaster adult brain, is an inwardly rectifying potassium channel, IRK1. Knocking down the potassium channels specifically on PDF expressing neurons using UAS-GAL4 RNAi system resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lac...
Kalimullah Khan1,*, Hafsa Zaneb2, Zia Ur Rehman3, Hamza Maris4 and Habib ur Rehman1
...irds were slaughtered to determine the relative weights of heart, liver, kidneys, spleen, gizzard and intestines. Results showed that supplementation of phytase enzymes affected the weight and length of small intestine and feed conversion ratio (FCR) and did not affect the other zoo technical variables like body weight, feed consumption, and weight gain during the whole experimental period. Application of phytasefailed to exert any influence on the weights of ...

Ali Awais, Charassri Nualsri and Watcharin Soonsuwon* 

... Phenotypic observations determined that the Dawk Kha 50 has more potential of variability than Dawk Pa-yawm towards EMS. Later selection in the advance generations might be useful to isolate agronomically useful mutants for the future use in upland rice breeding programme. 

...

Omer Baris Ince* 

...ve virus circulation and determine the antibodies formed against the nonstructural proteins (NSP) of Foot and Mouth Disease and evaluation the carrier rate in the region and the risk of infection and given information on the immune ratio of the animals. As a result, prevalence was observed to be 6.6% for breeding enterprises, 13.3% in bovine animals and 1% in ovine animals individually. Prevalence was found 13.3% throughout Konya. Generic immune ratio in bovin...

Hina Ali*, Iram Shaheen and Feroza Hamid Wattoo 

...alues of Mehr Water were determined as Calcium 58mg/l, Sulphate 48mg/l, Sodium26mg/l, Magnesium13mg/l,Chloride150mg/l, Alkalinity 147 mg/l and total dissolved solids176mg/l were found according to WHO recommended limits. The values of Calcium 89mg/l, Magnesium 52mg/l, Chloride 342mg/l, and ions like Sulphate 412mg/l of Dhokekala khan, Morgah, Scheme-III, and Bahria town, respectively were not found according to WHO and PSQCA recommended limits. The Microbial a...
Fariha Latif* and Muhammad Javed
...xture (Cd+Cr+Cu+Pb) were determined during present research work. Sensitivity of the three fish species (120-day old) towards metals mixture was measured in term of 96 h LC50 and lethal concentration. These acute toxicity tests were performed at constant temperature (30oC), pH (8) and total hardness (250 mgL-1). All the three fish species varied significantly in their sensitivity towards metals mixture with the C. catla ...
Abdul Wahaab1, Muhammad Ijaz1,*, Syed Saleem Ahmad1, Umair Iqbal2, Abdul Tawaab1 and Iahtasham Khan3
...as conducted in order to determine the comparative efficacy of Triclabendazole, Oxyclozanide and Nitroxynil against Fasciola sp. infestated bovines (cattle and buffaloes) and their effect on various blood parameters (WBC, RBC, Hb, HCT and MCHC). For this purpose, 40 infected animals were selected. After dividing them randomly in four groups of 10 animals each, drug was administered to first three groups whereas last one was kept under positive control f...
Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Zaheer1, Muhammad Farooque Hassan2, Muhammad Shafique1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar1
...esent study was aimed to determine the frequency and antimicrobial susceptibility patterns of MBL producing carbapenem-resistant Gram-negative rods (GNRs) isolated from clinical specimens. A clinical descriptive study was conducted in Faisalabad, Pakistan from June 2016 to January 2017. A total of 152 clinical samples were processed according to standard microbiological methods. Isolated GNRs were subjected to susceptibility testing against various antibiotics...
Rishen Liang*, Meng Zhou, Zhenxiang Lin, Guozhang Li, Yuan Chen, Xuan Lin and Zaohe Wu
...e two species were first determined. The genomes were 16,546 bp (P. orientalis) and 16,545 bp (P. vittatus) in size, respectively, which both consisted of a typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and one noncoding control region. Genomic composition, organization and gene order were similar to that obtained in most vertebrates. By comparative analysis of the two genomes, 941 variable sites (5.6...
Osman Ergene1,*, Isfendiyar Darbaz1, Serkan Sayiner2 and Selim Aslan1
...yonic mortality (EM) was determined. In PAG-Serum, there was a statistically significant difference (P <0.05, P <0.01) between the measurements on 40th day when EM was detected and on the 28th and 32nd days of pregnancy. In the PAG-Milk and PSPB-serum tests, there was a difference (P <0.05) in terms of blood values between the 32nd day and the 40th day when EM was detected. Statistically significant differences in PAG-Serum test ...
Hande Küçükönder1, Pınar Çelebi Demirarslan1,*, Aykut Burgut2 and Mustafa Boğa3
...the effective months are determined by DEA method and a performance rank is performed between the effective months by GRA method. It has been investigated whether the results of different Multicriteria Decision Making (MCDM) techniques combined with the data fusion technique support the proposed hybrid approach’s results. In this context, the proposed hybrid approach was applied to evaluate the monthly production performance of a commercial enterprise wi...
Doğukan Ölmez1 and Gonca Alak2,*
...holipid (PL) values were determined (p <0.05). After 90 min of hydrolysis in muscle, both FFA and MAG-DAG started to collapse, the TAG ratio in total fat content increased relatively.
...
Naveed Ahmad1,*, P.J.A. Siddiqui1, Amjad Ali1, Khan Mir Khan2, Rafaqat Masroor3, Noor ul Akbar4, Muhammad Amin5 and Mohammad Attaullah6
...g trial was conducted to determine the optimum level of dietary protein on growth performance, feed utilization, survival and carcass composition of yellowfin seabream, Acanthopagrus arabicus. Five semi-purified experimental diets were formulated containing 350 (P30), 400 (P35), 450 (P40), 500 (P45) and 550 (P50) grams of protein kg-1 of dry matter. Thirty healthy fish (20.94±0.81g initial weight) were stocked in each floating net cage...
Zhen-Yang Wu1, Guang-Xin E2,*, Hui Ran1, Da-Hui Wang1 and Tian-You Yang1
...China. In this study, we determined the diversity and phylogeography of 10 geographic populations (252 individuals) from Tongren, Guizhou Province using 516-bp sequences of the mitochondrial D-Loop region. In total, 63 polymorphic sites, including four single-nucleotide polymorphisms and 59 parsimony-informative sites, and 18 haplotypes were detected. The number of haplotypes within populations ranged from one (WS and DJ) to six (JK). Haplotype diversity range...

Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah 

... food commodities and to determine the effects of important economic factors such as prices and income. Linear Approximate Almost Ideal Demand System (LA/AIDS) model is used to estimate food demand patterns using the Household Integrated Economic Survey part of Pakistan Social and Living Standard Measurement for the year 2011-12. Fourteen food groups as per HIES including milk, meat, fruits, sugar, vegetables, beverages, wheat and wheat flour, rice, other cere...

Khadim Hussain Wagan1*, Muhammad Ibrahim Khaskheli2, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1 and Abdul Ghani Lanjar2 

...am of soil and seed were determined and capability of previously characterized M. phaseolina isolates to cause the disease was tested on HO-1 variety. Additionally, most virulent isolate was characterized through sequence and phylogenetic analysis. There was significant variation (Df= 54, F=7.4, P=0.0000) among cfu per gram of M. phaseolina in soil samples collected during field survey at different districts of Sindh during 2015 and 2016 growing year. In soil ...

 Amna Younus1,3, Mariam Faiz2 and Abida Yasmeen1,*

...d. Vitamin D levels were determined and VDR FokI and TaqI SNPs were analyzed. Among different clinico-pathological features studied in breast cancer women, more prevalent were invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC: 88%), grade II tumor type (47%), -ve estrogen receptor/ progesterone receptor (-ER/PR: 35%) and negative human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (-ve Her2: 53%) hormonal status. Results also depicted that FokI and TaqI genotypi...

 Abdul Maalik1, Shahzad Ali1,*, Anam Iftikhar1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Haroon Ahmad2 and Iahtasham Khan1

...nt study was designed to determine the prevalence and possible risk factors of subclinical mastitis along with antibiotic resistance of one of the causative agent of bovine mastitis, Staphylococcus aureus. Ninety milk samples were collected from cows and buffaloes kept at different localities in district Kasur, Punjab, Pakistan. The possible risk factors inquired from farmers were animal type, breeds, urbanicity, age (years), teat washing, bedding area,...

 Şaban Çelebi

...sues of laying hens were determined in present study. A total of 96 White Lohman laying hens, aged 24 weeks, were randomly divided into 4 groups (n=24), each of which was composed of 6 subgroups. The control group received the basal diet (T-1), treatment groups were fed on the the basal diet plus the three experimental diets included one of the followings: 125 mg/kg vitamin E + basal diet (T-2); 0.5 mg/kg Selenium + basal diet (T-3) and 125 mg/kg vitamin E plu...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...ber 2017 and May 2018 to determine the prevalence and risk factors for endoparasitic infections in donkeys at Ganawuri district market, Plateau State, North Central Nigeria. Fecal and blood samples were collected from 300 donkeys and analyzed using a standard laboratory procedure. Coprological examination conducted using flotation and sedimentation techniques showed that 276 (92.0%) were positive for gastrointestinal nematodes. A greater proportion (70.7%) of ...
Faiz-ul Hassan1,*, Muhammad Sajjad Khan1, Muhammad Saif-ur-Rehman1, Syed Muhammad Raihan Dilshad2 and Muhammad Amjad Ali3
... present in Pakistan was determined by using RAPD markers. The blood samples of purebred animals of eight exotic breeds (Thoroughbred, Arab, Anglo-Arab, Suffolk, Percheron, Clevland, Noriker and Hanovarian) present in Pakistan were collected from Army Remount Stables while those of four Pakistani indigenous breeds (Morna, Saen, Kakka Bralanwala and Anmol) from local horse breeders of Punjab province. Genomic DNA was extracted from the blood samples and amplifi...

 Mahroze Fatima1*, Muhammad Afzal2 and Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3

.... Lipid peroxidation was determined in terms of thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and antioxidant enzyme activities. The minimum value of TBARS was recorded in VE150 group, which was increased again with supplementation of high vitamin E levels. Similarly, adequate supplementation levels (VE1000, VE1500) reduced the superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase and glutathione peroxidase activities, which were increased by...
Bibi Nazia Murtaza1,2, Azhar Qayum3, Shamaila Inayat Nadeem1, Naif Awdh Al-Maliki4, Abdulaziz Alamri4 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,5,*
... impact of variants were determined by in silico analysis and molecular docking of variants with GTP. MutationTaster was used for functional analysis of genetic variants and three-dimensional structure of mutant proteins were built by Swiss-Model and were further subjected to structural alignment and stability studies by I-Mutant Suite and DUET server. Both variants were predicted as ‘disease causing’ and protein stability analysis revealed p.G138V...
Muhammad Shahid Nadeem*, Maryam A. Al-Ghamdi and Jalaluddin Azam Khan
...t of purified enzyme was determined quantitatively using non-cancerous human fibroblast cells (FB) and hepatocellular carcinoma cells (HepG2). A dose of 5U/ml of enzyme has shown an anti-proliferative effect up to 65 percent on HepG2 cells.
...
Faiza Jabeen1,*, Bushra Muneer2 and Javed Iqbal Qazi3
.... Protein production was determined using 1% (w/v) of various agro-dairy wastes in production medium both with and without nutrients at pH 7.0 for 48 h at their respective suitable temperatures. They yielded enough thermostable protein suggesting their potential in production of various enzymes and proteins in unconventional and economical substrates suitable for various industrial uses.
...
Sumreen Hayat1,6, Muhammad Hussnain Siddique2, Bilal Aslam1, Habibullah Nadeem2, Asma Ashraf3, Muhammad Saqalein1, Mohsin Khurshid4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Saima Muzammil1,*
...ent options. We aimed to determine the antibiotic resistance pattern and characterization of ESBL producing K. pneumoniae isolated from children of different age groups. K. pneumoniae isolated from blood and urine samples were identified through API® 20E kit. Antibiogram was determined by disc diffusion method and isolates were screened for ESBL production using double-disc synergy test (DDST). M...

 Ping Zhang1,2, Yabin Pu1, Yu Zhang2, Jia Chen2, Kunfu Wang3, Qian Li3, Yujiao Sun3, Yuehui Ma1, Shuqing Jiao2,* and Weijun Guan1,*

...oliferation pattern were determined through growth curve analyses. MDSCs were identified by immunofluorescence and RT-PCR, and the immunofluorescence antibody invoved Sca-1, CD34, CD144, Desmin and CD45 which are the makers of MDSCs. Finally, MDSCs were induced into Adipocytes, osteoblasts, chondrocytes and neuron-like cells by the optimized inducing medium. After the two-step digestion and differential attachment technique, high purity MDSCs were successfully...
SiRui Wang1,2, Fekede Regasa Joka1,2, XiaoLong Wang1,2,* and SuYing Bai2,*
... the Mx gene were determined by PCR sequencing. The haplotypes were analysed by DNA SP software. The Datamonkey Adaptive Evolution Server was used to detect the selection pressure. Phylogenetic analyses of the reported sequences of jungle fowl (Gallus gallus) and the 10 tested birds were performed. A total of 10 nucleotide sequences of the GED region of the Mx gene in wild birds were obtained, with a length of 231 bp, encoding 77 amino aci...
Ashfaque Ahmed Nahiyoon1,*, Shahina Fayyaz2 and Nasira Kazi2
...the present study was to determine the diversity of plant parasitic and soil nematodes associated with cotton plants in Sindh. During 2017–2018 extensive surveys were conducted at the time of cropping and at harvesting and soil root samples were collected from different fields in the cotton producing regions of five districts of Sindh viz., Sanghar, Mirpurkhas, Umerkot, Mityari and Tando Allahyar. The analysis of samples resulted in the identifica...
Rıfat Ertekin1*, Mete Ozkurt1, Gokhan Kus2 and Selda Kabadere1
...ungs. This study aims to determine the role of TA in cell viability and apoptosis in glioma cells (T-98G) and androgen-sensitive human prostate cancer cell line (LNCaP). In our study, 1, 5, 10, 25, 50, and 100 μM doses of TA were applied to T-98G and LNCaP cell lines for periods of 24 and 48 h. Subsequent cell vitality was tested with MTT Atest. The effective doses were analysed by flow cytometry and real-time PCR techniques. MTT spectrophotometric tests sh...

Tariq Shah1*, Umar Hayat1, Muhammad Suleman Bacha2 and Muhammad3 

...">This research aimed to determine current situation of livestock activities especially related to extension work and explore the knowledge of farmers and their linkages with government as well private sector for livestock improvement in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province. A total of 480 respondents from four districts, namely Swat, Mardan, Abbotabad and Dera Ismail Khan were randomly selected for interview purpose. Descriptive statistical techniques along with ...
Emel Banu Buyukunal1,*, Rojan Ibrahim Albazaz1 and Mehmet Ali Bal2,3
.../i> isolates (n=71) were determined against thirteen agents; amoxicillin-clavulanic acid, piperacillin-tazobactam, ceftazidime, cefotaxime, ceftriaxone, cefpodoxime, aztreonam, ciprofloxacin, amikacin, ertapenem, imipenem, meropenem, trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole by disk diffusion method. Double-disk synergy test (DDST) was also performed for detection of Extended Spectrum β-Lactamase (ESBL)-producing organisms. As a result, majority of poultry isolates w...
Nursinatrio and Rudy Agung Nugroho*
...g trial was conducted to determine the effects of Hydrolyzed Chicken Feather Meal (HCFM) supplementation on the growth, feed efficiency, survival rate and carcass composition of red tilapia (Oreochromis sp). A group of red tilapias (initial weight 24.09 ± 0.05 g) were fed 3, 6, 9 and 12% HCFM as a supplement and compared to a control group without supplementation. After 84 days, growth parameters such as body weight gain (BWG), average weekly gai...

Zahin Anjum1*, Farhat Shehzad1, Amina Rahat1, Hamid Ullah Shah2 and Saleem Khan3 

... than permissible limits determined by Codex Alimentaurius and World Health Organization. High concentration of Polyaromatic Hydrocarbons was observed in coal grilled meats. Anthracene content was found high in mutton meat and mean value was 12.50 µg/kg-1; flouernthene was assessed high in fish meat with mean value of 5.35 µg/kg-1; naphthalene content of chicken meat was found high with mean value of 1.85 µg/kg-1. The chrysene and DBAHA conte...
Asma Yousafzai1,*, Muhammad Luqman2, Nisar Ahmed1, Muneeza Arbab1,Muhammad Murad1, Naheed Sajjad3, Sara Naudhani1, Shakeela Daud1, Abdul Hameed Baloch4, Khushnaseeb5, Sana Zahoor6, Zahid Rauf7, Muhammad Mohsin Javed6 and Jamil Ahmad1
...al subjects were used to determine genetic variants in BRCA1 and BRCA2. Nine variants were identified in BRCA1 and four were identified in BRCA2. In case of BRCA1, six missense substitutions (p.Asp343Tyr, p.Gly393Asp, p.Ser561Phe, p.Ser616Phe, p.Pro871Leu and p.Ser1613Gly) two frameshift (p.Ser423fs and p.Gly1770fs) and nonsense mutation (p.Glu1250X) was identified. In case of gene BRCA2, all the four variants were mis...
Sagir Hussain, Erum Iqbal* and Shahina Fayyaz
...stan during 2014-2016 to determine the temperature dependent property of Quinisulcius capitatus. About 280 root and soil samples were taken from 47 locations and 28 agricultural crops.Compilated data from the world has shown that Q. capitatus has the potential to survive and propagate proficiently at low temperature (-2 to -15ºC).
...
Lichao Feng1,2, Shaoqing Zhang4, Dianyuan Chen2, Sina Adl3 and Donghui Wu1,4*
...t important factor which determined the abundance of A. fuscicollis. Maize, grasses and the wild flowers could explain the alternating distribution of A. fuscicollis between the maize field and the field margins in the farmland. 
...

Imdad Ali Mahmood1, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Sarwar1, Matiullah Khan1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2, Shoaib Ahmed1 and Shahid Riaz Malik

...collected at maturity to determine Zn concentration in plant tissues and grains. A significant increase in pods per peduncle, seeds per pod, grain yield and total biomass of lentil was observed with Zn application even at lower rate (5 kg ha-1) under PGPR inoculation. Maximum 100-seed weight (2.56 g) was recorded with PGPR inoculation which was 21 % higher than that of without PGPR inoculation. Overall, a significant increase (31 %) in grain yield and total bi...
Fazal Wahab1, Naila Chand1, Rifat Ullah Khan1, Nazir Ahmad1, Urooba Parvez2, Zia ur Rehman3 and Shabana Naz4,*
...ght and yolk weight were determined on weekly basis. The results showed that FS supplementation significantly (P<0.05) decreased feed intake (g/hen/day) at all recorded stages. Overall higher feed intake was noted for the control treatment while lower feed intake was noticed for treatment FS-1. Significantly higher (P<0.05) egg production was recorded for treatment FS-0.5 followed by treatment FS-0.75 while lower egg production was recorded for the contr...
Wafaa M. Hikal1,2,* and Hussein A.H. Said-Al Ahl3
...f T. ammi oil was determined in vitro. Out of T. ammi oil showed that, higher concentrations (90 μg/mL after 72 and 96 hrs and 100 μg/mL after 24 and 48 h) was more active, being able to kill 100% of the Acanthamoeba cysts.The results showed the cysticidal activity of T. ammi essential oil, LC50 values estimated to be 73.31, 61.69, 57.21 and 53.01 μg/mL with 24, 48, 72 and 96 h, respectively. This i...

Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba1, Naglaa Fathy Saeed Awad1*, Gamelat Kotb Farag Kotb2, Amany Adel3 

...IBDV field isolates were determined and compared to well characterized reference and vaccine strains worldwide. The IBD virus was detected in 9 out of 16 (56.25 %) investigated chicken flocks. Sequence analysis revealed that the analyzed Egyptian isolates identified as very virulent Infectious bursal disease virus (vvIBDV). The identity between these Egyptian isolates and the vaccine strains is ranged from 89.5%-95.6% and 88.1%-97.8% -at the nucleotide and ami...

Shumaila Sadiq1,2*, Abdul Saboor2, Fouzia Jamshaid3, Abdul Qayyum Mohsin2 and Azeem Khalid

...ted farming community to determine farmers’ climate change vulnerability index among 9 agro-climatic zones of Pakistan by using data sets from PMD (1981-2010) and HIES (2010-11). Findings revealed that farmers in KPK and Balochistan were the most while farmers in Mixed Punjab and Cotton-Wheat Sindh were the least vulnerable to climate change. In depth analysis of variables of sub-indices suggested that weather related hazards, coupled with extreme cold a...
Zeynep Soyer Sarıca1*, Meryem Eren2 and Meryem Senturk2
...e mineral, boron (B) was determined on the potassium dichromate induced oxidative damage in the brain tissue of Sprague Dawley rats. Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzymes were estimated in the brain tissues of the Sprague Dawley rats. Compared to the control groups, a significant increase in the brain tissue MDA level of the group which received only 10 mg/kg K...

Zafar Abbas1*, Muhammad Mubashir1, Umair Riaz1, Zeenat Javid1, Muhammad Ashraf1, Saeed ur Rehman1, Muhammad Javid Qamar1, Syed Ali Zulqadar1 and Shahzada Munawar Mehdi2 

...nd yield parameters were determined like the total number of leaves per plant, plant height, fruit length, root and shoot dry weight, fresh fruit weight, the total number of fruits per plant, fruit yield and total yield increase. No significant increase was observed in the yield and growth of okra under control and full NPK fertilizer treatment. Application of organic fertilizers like poultry manure and compost as well as its mixture with full NPK considerably...
Tuncay Ateşşahin1,* and Mehmet Cİlbiz2
... this study, we aimed to determine the effects of hook size, spinner colour and fishing season on catching efficiency in angling for rainbow trout in Karakaya Dam Lake (Malatya, Turkey). Field studies were conducted monthly for a total of 48 fishing operations between May 2013 and April 2014 and again from January 2015 to December 2015. Fishing activities were carried out using fishing gear with three spinner colours (yellow, blue or red), three hook sizes (No...
Unal Kilic1*, Abdiwali Mohamoud Abdi1 and Deniz Ekinci2
...>This study was aimed to determine the effects of different additives and lignin peroxidase (LiP) enzyme on the in vitro gas production and methane production of some straws. The study involved 8 groups for each forage, 3 different straws (wheat straw, soybean straw, sorghum straw), which comprise of 2 different LiP enzyme treatments (Available –Not Available) and 4 different treatment groups (control, 4% urea, 10% molasses and 14% urea+molasses (...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
...entration of enzymes was determined. It was found that more than ~85% mass of enzymes, migrated along with freezing front and concentrated in the centre in case of radial freezing. To examine the effect of unidirectional freezing over extracted enzymes, the working activity of separated enzymes was checked by performing desizing test for alpha-amylase and biopolishing test for cellulase. The noteworthy results of desizing and biopolishing test has promoted the...
Emre Barlas1 and Elif Yamaç2,*
...vity of cave values were determined. Seven out of 10 recorded bat species were evaluated as new records for the area. There was a significant preference for caves which were situated at lower altitude, far from paved road and close to water source. Bats were mostly found in longer caves. Caves with entrance oriented to northwest and southeast were preferred by bats. Undertaking effective conservation measures to maintain especially eight threatened bat species...

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar, Muhammad Imran Hamid, Mubashar Raza, Waqas Raza*, Misbah Iqbal Qamar 

...onducted with the aim to determine the efficacy of Trichoderma species using dual culture and pot assays against Phytophthora infestans (late blight) and Fusarium oxysporum (wilt) of tomato on different compost including carbon rich compost, nitrogen rich compost and nutrient enriched compost. The species of Trichoderma includes T. harzianum and T. asperellum isolated from rhizosphere of tomato from different localities of district Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan w...
Xiaopeng Tang1, Wen-qin Su1 and Re-jun Fang1,2,*
.... Cell proliferation was determined by the MTT method. Cell morphology and phosphorus concentration in the cell supernatant were measured after 24 h of CT treatment. The NaPi-IIb protein expression was determined by Western Blot, and the NaPi-IIb mRNA expression was determined by RT-PCR. The results showed that, compared with the control group, different levels of CT had no effect o...
Constance Obiageli Ejilibe1, Helen O. Nwamba2, Ifeanyi Chinedu Atama3,*, Chiamaka Lynda Ani2, Ifeanyi Oscar Aguzie3, Josephine C. Madu3 and Christopher Didigwu Nwani3
...nized muscle samples was determined by standard procedures. ALT, AST and ALP increased significantly in response to concentrations of Butaforce® (7.00, 9.00 and 11.00 µgL-1) and Termex® (15.00, 20.00 and 25.00 µgL-1) used. The TP decreased in response to the same concentrations of pesticides. The response of these biochemical parameters were dependent on concentration of the pesticides; it increas...
De-Yong Zhang1, Xiao-Lu Xu1,*, Qin Ruan2, Xiu-Ying Shen3 and Yin Lu1
...in mammals.
...
Abd El-Nasser Ahmed Mohammed1,2,*
...er size and weight) were determined and recorded. In addition, values of body temperature and blood glucose were determined after general anesthesia. The results indicated that N. sativa oil supplementation resulted in significant (P < 0.05) increase of RBCs, hematocrit, WBCs and plasma total protein values in addition to significant hypoglycemia compared to control. The quality of oocytes and reproductive performa...

Chukwuemeka Calistus Okolo1*, Ikenna Onyema Ezeh2, Chinelo Nnenna Uju3 and Nwakaego Ernestina Nweze1 

...tive stress markers were determined. At day 13 PS, there were no significant (p< 0.05) variations in mean parasitaemia of groups A, B and D. At day 16 PS, the parasites had cleared from the peripheral blood of rats in groups A and B, but remained detectable in group D. Although group D had significantly higher total erythrocyte count and haemoglobin concentration compared to groups A--C, and E, no significant variation was seen in the total and differential...
Adel E.M. Mahmoud1, AdamCieślak2, Paulina Szulc2, Anna Łukomska3 and Małgorzata Szumacher-Strabel2,*
...ose of this study was to determine effect of partial or complete replacement of corn grains by dried sugar beet pulp on rumen parameters. The yellow corn was substituted by dried sugar beet pulp at 25 (D1), 50 (D2), 75 (D3), and 100% (D4). Results of chemical composition analyses indicated that DM, OM, ash and CP contents did not differ among treatments. Crude fiber content increased linearly with increased dried sugar beet pulp percentage in rations, with sig...
Gul Afshan1,2,*, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Sumaira Mehboob2, Muhammad Tahir Javed Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...e 3D structure of E2 was determined. Protein docking with appropriate ligand revealed that V342 and L349 residues were involved in the ligand binding. Interaction of HCV3a infected human sera with HCV3a E2 purified protein was carried out through Enzyme Linked Immunosorbant Assay (ELISA) using HCV antihuman conjugated protein. It was confirmed that the HCV3a E2 purified protein bound with the human serum almost three times more efficiently than the positive co...

Syed Muhammad Hassan Raza1*, Syed Amer Mahmood1, Syeeda Areeba Gillani1, Syed Shehzad Hassan1, Muneeb Aamir1, Muhammad Saifullah1, Mubashar Basheer1, Atif Ahmad1, Saif-ul-Rehman2 and Tariq Ali1 

...s and decision makers to determine the volume of grain precisely. Yield estimation is one of the challenging tasks which is significant to evaluate accurately for farmers. This research was conducted in eastern Punjab Pakistan by incorporating yield/area as reported by Crop Reporting Service Department along with open source satellite datasets. We downloaded three images of each year (2008-2018) from Geological Survey of United States and applied geometric cor...

Abir Ishtiaq and Muhammad Naeem* 

...ify;">A feeding trial to determine the effects of dietary protein levels on growth and to elucidate the optimal dietary crude protein requirement for Catla catla (Thaila) in a polyculture system was conducted. Four experimental diets containing graded levels of protein (15, 20, 25 and 30%) were tested. Triplicate groups of C. catla stocked in outdoors earthen ponds at 2000 fish/acre were fed at 4% of body weight, 2 times a day, for 180 days. The investigation ...
Zijuan Li1,2, Rong Ma2, Muhammad Khan3*, Chenchen Liu2, Xiaolin Cui2 and Yongming Li1,2*
...ow cytometry was used to determine apoptosis and cell cycle profile. Western blot was used to measure the expression of various proteins. The data demonstrated that piceatannol inhibited growth and induced G2/M phase arrest and apoptosis. Further studies showed that piceatannol induces mitochondrial apoptosis as shown by Bcl-2 family proteins modulation. Finally, piceatannol significantly enhanced apoptotic efficacy of CDDP in U2OS cells. On the basis of our f...
Fiza Asif1,*, Muhammad Siddique Awan1, Nasra Ashraf1, Nuzhat Shafi1, Abdul Rauf1, Khizra Bano1, Muhammad Razzaq2 and Naeem Iftikhar Dar2
...nt study was designed to determine the diet composition of Kashmir grey langur in Machiara National Park, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan during summer 2015 and winter 2015-16 from fecal material using microhistological technique. Sixty fecal samples were collected from the study area during summer 2015 and winter 2015-16, i.e. thirty samples during each season. These samples were analyzed for the determination of food composition using microhistologic...
Lin Qi, Lu Li, Danyang Chen, Mingxiao Liu, Yan Wu and Wei Hu*
... of this polypeptide was determined by ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and Bruker micOTOF OllQ TOF mass spectrometry, respectively. The full amino-acid sequence of the monomericpeptide was analyzed by sequential Edman degradation using a protein/peptide sequencer. The antibacterial activity of the protein monomer in antlerplate was studied by disc diffusion method, and the antibacterial ring diameter of each antibacterial agent was measured to <...
Jinfeng Liu1,2, Yanhong Cao3, Tong Feng1, Laiba Shafique1, Chan Luo1, Peng Zhu1,4,* and Qingyou Liu1,*
...sion pattern was further determined. It consists of 1185 nucleotides that encodes 394 peptides bond. The BMP15 gene was observed to be expressed in cumulus tissue, granular tissue, hypophysis, genital ridge and tissues of ovary and testis. Moreover, QRT-PCR results showed that BMP15 was expressed in the whole process of embryogenesis and folliculogenesis, early high level and then down regulated. It was significantly expressed higher level in COC...
Muhammad Aslam Farooqi*, Bakhtawar Irsa, Sajjad Ali, Asif Sajjad, Muhammad Waqar Hassan and Sohail Akhtar

 

...h tested insecticide was determined. The results obtained, revealed that all insecticides were highly toxic after 24 hours of exposure at maximum concentration. Acephate and lymda-cyhalothrin showed the maximum toxicity with their LC50 of 83.96 and 139.07 ppm, respectively while diafenthiuron and profenofos were moderate in toxicity with LC50 values of 150.53 and 169.42 ppm, respectively. Spirotetramat was the least toxic in this experime...
Muhammad Usman Akhtar1,2, Abdul Qayum3, Anshan Shan1,*, Shuli Chou1, Hyeonsoo Jo4, Syed Waqas Ali Shah4 and Ishfaq Muhammad5
...M, CP, ADF and NDF) were determined and blood samples were taken at 3, 6, 9 and 12 h post feeding, and examined for BUN. In addition, milk produced by each goat was recorded. The results showed that increasing RDP level in the diet has a linear effect (dose-dependently) on nutrient digestibilites, nutrient intake and milk yield. Dry matter (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF) and acid detergent fiber (ADF) intake were higher (P < 0.05) in...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Rehan Khalid1, Muhammad Yahya1 and Khurram Shehzad2
...s or categories was also determined by working out the soil biological quality (QBS) index. Extensive soil sampling was done in different randomly selected land-use types for four consecutive seasons from spring 2017 to Spring 2018. Results showed that the collection season, land-use categories and land-use types had a significant and differential impact on the diversity and population abundance of major soil arthropod groups. Spring and summer seasons exhibit...
Muhammad Siddique1, Muhammad Shafique2,*,Abdul Mateen3, Naveed Shahzad4, Bilal Aslam2, Nasir Ahmad1 and Muhammad Usman Qamar2
...is study was designed to determine the genotyping of clinically isolated HCV from a Liver Center Faisalabad, Pakistan. A total of 3200 clinical samples were screened for the presence of anti-HCV antibodies by ICT method. Among positive samples, confirmation was carried out by RT-PCR and clustered into four groups (acute, chronic, cirrhotic and hepatocellular carcinoma) on the basis of clinical reports and the patient’s history. HCV genotypes were
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
...horacic temperature) was determined by the level of light intensity and wavelength. Increasing the stimulation time with increasing light intensity but with the same light wavelength exceeded the visual tolerance range of the insects and strengthened the visual stimulation effect. Our results also indicated that the length of exposure time was important in determining the visual response and thoracic temperature change, suggesting that these features are key t...
Memis Ozdemir
...aim of this study was to determine whether the DNA sequence of the Prl gene exon 3 or exon 4 in cattle breeds has the RsaI polymorphic digestion site. As a result of the study, it has been seen that the Prl/RsaI specificpolymorphic site is on exon 4 in Bos taurus cattle breeds, but have been not detected the RsaI restriction enzyme digestion site in Prl gene exon 3 region reported by many literature and, these r...
Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Maria Altaf1, Zeemal Seemab Amin1, Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2, Anum Shahzadi1, Hina Mudasser1, Iqra Maqsood1, Nazia Gulshan1, Saira Naseem3
...atients.
...
Fizza Anwar1, Muddassar Zafar1*, Zahid Anwar1, Raja Tahir Mehmood2
...icrobial activities were determined through disk diffusion assays and Tautomycetin was observed as best antimicrobial agent having inhibitory effect on serine/threonine phosphatases leading to hindrance in bacterial growth. In addition, phylogenetic tree was also constructed using 18s rRNA gene of A. niger and gene clusters of secondary metabolites were determined through bioinformatics tools. 
...
Naila Riaz1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir2, Muhammad Khalid Mukhtar1, Ali Hassan2, Shaukat Ali2, Shafaat Yar Khan1
...ted venom fractions were determined using of Musca domestica adults. Only one fraction (out of 7) from H. tamulus venom and one fraction (out of 5) of A. finitimus venom were selected on the basis of their maximum yield. The approximate molecular weights of these selected venom fractions were determined by SDS Gel electrophoresis. The molecular weight of venom fractions of H. tamulus and A. fin...
Haq Aman Ullah1,*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2, Aqeel Javeed3, Muqadder Shah1 and Ikramul Haq1
... of present study was to determine carcinogenic metabolite aflatoxin M1 (AFM1) in milk and to investigate the effects of low doses of dietary aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) on physiological biomarkers with special reference to udder health and serum parameters of lactating goats. Thirty two lactating Beetal goats of 3-4 y age, weighing 40.91±0.285, were randomly selected, and equally divided into four groups. Group A was kept as control while animals of groups B, ...
Abu ul Hassan Faiz1,*, Fakhar-i-Abbas2, Mehboob ul Hassan3 and Lariab Zahra Faiz1
...unt methods were used to determine abundance of each species. The study, documented 10 species of mammalian pests, 13 species of pest birds of maize crop and their population density differed significantly (P≤ 0.05) at study sites. The habitat analysis of study sites and correlation of species with habitat were done through Principal Component Analysis (PCA) by using software (XLSTAT-Ecology version). The habitat was positively correlated in the two areas w...
Muhammad Shoaib1,3*, Arif Ismiyev2,Khudaverdi Ganbarov3, Aygun Israyilova3 and Sajid Umar4
...on of test compounds was determined against bacterial species by using resazurin microplate assay. All the tested compounds exhibited variable antimicrobial properties against various test cultures. All the compounds showed stronger antimicrobial activity against Gram-negative bacteria as compared to Gram-positive bacteria and fungi. Compound III was found to be the most effective compound. These results demonstrate the potential antimicrobial propertie...
Chaman Ara1*, Asmatullah1, Zainab Riaz1, Memoona1, Asma Chaudhary2, Shagufta Andleeb2
... purpose of study was to determine the possible hepatic and nephrotoxic effects of Butyl paraben in mice and to explore the possible curative and protective impacts of turmeric. Fifty mice randomly divided in five groups, i.e. Control, dose group (BP), dose and antidote group (BP+AD), vehicle control group (VC) and antidote group (AD). A sub lethal concentration containing 15ug/g B.W of BP was given with and without turmeric orally, dissolved in corn oil, used...
Fariha Latif1*, Muhammad Javed2, Hammad Ahmad Khan2 and Khalil-Ur-Rehman3
... the Pb exposed fish was determined in terms of change in the activities of antioxidant enzymes viz. superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) and peroxidase (POD). The Pb exposure caused a significant time and dose dependent increase in the SOD and POD activities in selected tissues of C. mrigala while a significant decrease in the CAT activity was also observed. Liver showed a significantly higher activity of all the three enzymes that could be due t...
Qamar Zeb1*, Silvia I. Rondon2, Hayat Badshah,1 and Arsalan Khan1
...ive of this study was to determine the influence of cultivar on aphids and their natural enemies in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Thus, twenty Pakistani wheat cultivars were grown at the Agricultural Research Institute in Tarnab-Peshawar, Pakistan during the winter (‘rabi’ in local language) season. Plots were arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replicates per treatment/cultivar. Population of aphids, and numbers...
Sumaira Abbas1, Muhammad Sultan Haider2,*, Fatima Kafayet1, Sana Ashraf2, Atifa Masood3 and Moazma Batool4
...tenoid concentration was determined by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and found satisfactory. By mixing fish meal, sunflower meal and rice polish four treatment diets, T1, T2, T3, were prepared and citrus peel powder was added @ 200g, 400g and 600g/ 1000g, respectively. While fourth one, control diet (To) was without citrus peels. These is nitrogenous diets (30% protein) were offered to Carassius auratus juve...
Tanweer Kumar1, Sahib Zada2,3,Muhammad Irfan4,*, Huma Batool5 and Wasim Sajjad2,6
... chain reaction (PCR) to determine the existence of active HBV-DNA. It was investigated that 5.7% (2382) of the total population (4758) tested was positive, among which the female 15.4% (367) possessed antibodies in their blood against HBV. Our results showed a higher male percentage than that of the female. The total HBV prevalence was recorded at 4.5% in all populations comprising both male and female. It was concluded that the highest prevalence of HBV was ...
Hüseyin Erdem* and Ibrahim Cihangir Okuyucu
...ms of this study were to determine the effects of dry period length (DPL), average daily milk yield (ADMY), parity and calving season on some colostrum quality traits in Holstein cows. The material of the study consisted of 51 Holstein Friesian cows. The specific gravity of colostrum, fat, non-fat dry matter (NDM) and protein percentages were measured for colostrum produced at 2, 24, 48 and 72 h after birth. The specific gravity of colostrum (colostrum quality...
Asima Rani1,*, Syed Kashif Nawaz2 and Muhammad Arshad3
...ntrol study was aimed to determine the role of rs8177400 polymorphism in TIR-domain-containing-adaptor-protein gene in malaria susceptibility and clinical outcomes upon P. falciparum and P. vivax exposure. Blood samples of 228 malaria patients and 226 healthy controls were selected from the local population. Malarial samples were divided in to complicated malaria (N=89) and mild malaria (N=139) groups according to WHO criteria. Malarial groups we...

Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2 

...organic elicitors and to determine the biochemical changes in citrus fruit. 

...
Mustafa Koyun1*and Şenol Çelik2
...re examined. In order to determine the most suitable for each individual MARS model, different second, third and fourth-degree interactions were tried. In order to determine the most suitable model, it was taken into consideration that the cross-validity coefficient (GCV), square of error squared mean (RMSE) and Akaike Information Criteria (AIC) statistics were the minimum, the determination coefficient (R2) and A...

Muhammad Asim1*, Asghari Bano2, Sikander Khan Tanveer3 and Muhammad Umair Aslam

...ver, its productivity is determined by various genotypic, environmental and crop management factors. In this study, we elaborated the role of these factors, in rainfed agro-ecology, using data of six genotypes, grown in four sowing windows over six years. The rainfed wheat productivity is predominantly determined by environmental conditions, particularly rainfall induced moisture availability. Hence, the best match between s...
Nihat Tekel1, Ilkay Baritci1, Halit Deniz Sireli1, Muhittin Tutkun1, Ecevit Eyduran2 and Mohammad Masood Tariq3,*
...fattening period, it was determined that daily live weight gains in lambs were 0.278±0.019 kg and feed conversion ratio were 4.79. The average final live weight, cold carcass weight, dressing percentage, leg ratio, foreleg ratio, tail ratio and cooling loss of lambs were found as 33.62±0.968 kg, 14.91±0.627 kg, 44.67±0.008%, 33.76±0.326%, 18.94±0.468%, 4.98±0.467% and 4.99±0.135%, respectively. In conclus...

Bamigboye Olutoyin Omolara1, Fapohunda Funmilayo Omotoyosi1, Oladipo Elijah Kolawole1,2, Oni Mattthew Olujenyo1, Ajibade Oluwatosin Akinola1, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin1* 

...ART). This study aims to determine the prevalence of serological markers of HBV based on serological markers among infected individuals with HIV. Ninety-three sera samples of HIV positive individuals were collected by Ladoke Akintola University of Technology (LAUTECH) Teaching Hospital- HIV/AIDS Supporting and Counselling Unit, Ogbomoso. The collected samples were analyzed for enumeration of CD4+ cells and presence of HBV. The selected three HBV serological ma...
Monica Paula Marin1, Elena Narcisa Pogurschi1*, Iuliana Marin2 and Carmen Georgeta Nicolae1
...on of 150 g/head/day has determined a decrease in the content of milk in heavy metals, increasing the concentration of unsaturated acids (oleic, linoleic) and immunoglobulins in colostrum, as well as reducing the diarrheal gastric disease of cattle. By adding zeolite in the cow ration during the precalving period has determined a significant increase in blood serum calcium during the last week of precalving period, as well a...
Tong Feng, Zilu Zhang, Minghao Qu, Chan Luo, Laiba Shafique, Qingyou Liu and Kuiqing Cui*
...ene is the key gene that determines the color of animal hair. The melanocortin receptor gene of Nubian goat (white, pure black and brown flower) was cloned and analyzed by systematic bioinformatics. The result showed that the coding region of the MC1R gene of Nubian goat was 954 bp in length and encoded 317 amino acids. The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the clones were 99%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 81%, and 77% similar to the published pig, co...

Muhammad Ramiz Murtaza1, Tahir Mehmood2*, Aziz Ahmad2 and Uzma Arshad Mughal3 

...ithout intercropping and determined various factors that affect mango production in Muzaffar Garh. Simple random sampling technique was used to select 110 mango growers from 4 union councils of tehsil Ali Pur. To scrutinize the data double log model was renovated from Cobb-Dougles production function. Results showed that Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) with and without intercropping was 1.72 and 2.48 respectively. Nearly 64 percent of the factors analyzed were affect...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
...d glutathione (GSH) were determined to evaluate oxidative stress while urea and creatinine, was used to evaluate kidney function. It was found that there was an increase in weight (p<0.05) of both males and female mice fed with diet containing ghee. Kidney LPO and CAT were significantly increased in both male and female mice. GSH level showed decreasing trend in female while increase was observed for male kidney. Creatinine level increased in both male and ...
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
...obacter isolates was determined via the disc diffusion method and was observed most frequently to nalidixic acid (81.8 %), tetracycline (72.7 %), ciprofloxacin (54.5 %), and erythromycin (54.5 %), while low resistance to ceftriaxone (18.2 %) was detected. Among the 11 Campylobacter isolates, 9 isolates were multidrug resistant (MDR). The tet (O) gene, which is responsible for tetracycline resistance, was detected in only 6 isolates. Phylogene...
Ramazan İlgün1*, Nilgün Kuru2, Ferhan Bölükbaş3 and Fatih Mehmet Gür4
...l were used to study and determine the histological features of the tongue of the guinea fowl. Histological structures were examined using a light microscope the tissues and papillae of the tongue were examined with a the scanning electron microscope, and photos of the general histologic structures were taken. The tongue was triangular shaped, and consisted of apex, corpus, and radix sections. The dorsal and ventral surfaces of the tongue were covered by a ker...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
... are extremely useful to determine the amount of bio-methane and bio-degradability of the organic substrates and would facilitate in the preliminary selection systems for the field scale applications especially in framework of developing countries.
...
Elmas Ulutaş1,*, Abdullah Eryavuz2, Aziz Bülbül2, Abdur Rahman3,*, İsmail Küçükkurt4 and Cangir Uyarlar5
...>This study was aimed to determine the effects of diet containing high zinc on rumen fermentation, blood parameters, live weight and oxidative status in goats. In this study, twenty four male Angora goats each of 12 months of age, and weighing approximately 35 kg were divided into four groups as: control group (C) fed with basal diet containing 31.76 ppm Zn, experimental group 1 fed with basal diet supplemented with 500 ppm Zn, experimental group 2 fed with ba...
Peng Peng1,3, Xiaopeng Tang2*, Dun Deng3, and Rejun Fang1*
...tabolic energy (ME) were determined. Secondly, a total of four hundred eighty 15-day-old Shuanggui-tou meat ducks were divided into 4 treatments, 1) Control group (0% GM in the diet), 2) 3% GM group (3% GM in the diet), 3) 6% GM group (6% GM in the diet), and 4) 9% GM group (9% GM in the diet). All groups had 8 replicates and 15 birds were included in each replicate. The experiment lasted for 28 days. The average daily gain (ADG), average daily feed intak...
Nihat Yeşilayer*
... (TCC) and flesh colour, determined by visual and colorimetric methods, of three fish species. Linear relationships were observed between CIELAB colour measurements (lightness-L*, redness-a*, yellowness-b*, hue-H°ab and chroma-Cab), DSM SalmoFan card scores and TCCs. The redness (a*) was mostly correlated with TCC of the fish fillets. The FRT group had the highest TCC (9,75 mg kg-1) compared to the other two species. However, DSM Salmo...
Hong-mei Gao, Wen-long Su, Gui-bin Tao, Han-yang Li, Wen-zheng Cao and Zhi-dong Qiu*
...n of erythropoietin will determined the red cell production. We know there are other regulatory factors, including molecules interact with cells, chemical, irradiation, it’s in the bone marrow (BM).Most chemotherapy drugs are toxic to cancer cells and normal healthy hematopoietic cells. Hemoglobin and red blood cell levels drop in cancer patients treated with chemotherapy. Geniposide can reduce the adverse radiation damage of bloosd tissue after high dos...
Su-Hu Duan, Liu-An Li*, Zai-Qiang Li, Meng-Ran Qin, Zhen-Zhen Fan, Qian Wang, Ke-Yan Zhang, Zhong-Mou Zhang, Bai-Liang Yang and Tian-Ming Jin
...aphic method was used to determine the fatty acid content of ordinary eggs and native eggs of brands A, B and C. The results indicate that: In the test samples, totally 7 types of SFA, 7 types of MUFA, and 8 types of PUFA were detected. Specifically, no significant difference was found in the content of C14:0~C18:0 (P>0.05). The content of C16:0 in the yolk of both native eggs and ordinary eggs was high; in the yolk of native eggs of the three brands...
Mingsan Miao*, Hui Zhao, Jiaojiao Jia, Xiaoyan Fang and Yanyan Miao
...t-drug administration to determine the level of biochemical indicators such as serum NSE in the brain tissue. To investigate the impact of total phenolic acid on the biochemical parameters in the repeated cerebral ischemia-reperfusion mice, the mouse model of cerebral ischemia repeated reperfusion was successfully replicated. The doses of total phenolic acid of D. canes have significantly reduced the levels of IL-6 and TNF-α in brain tissue and decreased...
Ju Zhang1,2, Dong-Sheng Jia3, Shi-Hao Zhao1,2, Xiao-Liang Xie3, Hong Chen4 and Hai-Feng Li4,*

 

...aging capacity of HGQwas determined by lifespan and lipofuscin fluorescence assays in wild-type C. elegans N2. Calorie restriction pathway was detected by pharyngeal pumping rate assay and lifespan examination in sir-2.1 mutant nematodes. The antioxidant activity of HGQ was investigated by determining reactive oxygen species (ROS) level, paraquat-stress survival rate, malondialdehyde (MDA) content as well as superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh, Masroor Ahmad Bajwa, Nadeem Rashid, Muhammad Zahid Mustafa, Mohammad Masood Tariq*, Majed Rafeeq, Abdul Samad, Tauseef M Asmat and Asad Ullah
...) assay was performed to determine immunity against total sheep red blood cell (SRBC) , mercaptoethanol-2 resistant (IgG) and mercaptoethanol-2 sensitive (IgM) antibodies on weeks 3, 4, 5 and 6. Lymphoid organ weight showed non-significant difference (P>0.05), with numerically higher weight in immune modulator groups. The vitamin E supplemented group had highest HI antibody titers (7.22±0.25, 7.36±0.18 and 6.55±0.38). In experiments 1 a...
Sevil Demirci*, Aydın Demirci and Emrah Şimşek
...e study was conducted to determine the age and the growth of the Lessepsian migrant Randall’s threadfin bream, Nemipterus randalli (Russell, 1986). A total of 587 samples were collected from the eastern Mediterranean coast of Turkey between February 2012 and January 2013. Total length and total weight ranged from 7.7 to 21.0 cm and from 6.90 and 150.99 g, respectively. Length-weight relationship parameters were calculated for all individuals as

Mahfooz Khan* and Himayatullah Khan 

... to examine what factors determine the choice of alternative energy sources of farm households for cooking in the study area. Primary data were collected from 512 farm households using simple random sampling. The sample size constituted 5 percent of total farm households in selected villages of district Peshawar. A multinomial logistic regression model was used for choice of alternative energy sources for cooking purpose. Results of the study showed that incom...
Kadir Seyhan1,*, Nimet Selda Başçinar2, Nadir Başçinar3 and Umar Khan3
...>This study was aimed to determine the gastric evacuation (GE) in brook trout (Salvelinus fontinalis) fry and to estimate the effect of body mass on their GE rate (GER). A group of small and large sized S. fontinalis fry (ranging 0.39−0.66 and 0.76−1.46 g) was fed with commercial pellets under similar conditions to avoid the ingress of any other variable such as temperature and dietary energy density. Their stomach contents were sampl...
Farzana Rashid1, Rabia Masood1 and Mariam Faiz2*
... Presence of bla NDM was determined by polymerase chain reaction. Among 240 strains, prevalence of MBL in K. pneumoniae, P. aeruginosa, E. coli and Acinetobacter Species was 26%, 52%, 27% and 5% respectively. Prevalence of blaNDM-1 gene was 51% identified in 14 strains of P. aeruginosa, 2 strains of A. Baumanni, 29 strains of E. coli and 18 strains of K. pneumoniae. In conclusion, high prevalence of blaNDM-1 in our strains is a serious concern. A careful use o...
Veli Sel1, Isa Yilmaz2,* and Mete Yanar3
...that did not. Season was determined to be significant factor (P <0.001) and SCC values were 52.290 ± 5.653 cells/ml, 69.990 ± 3.557 cells/ml and 104.810 ± 6.258 cells/ml for winter, spring, and summer seasons, respectively. In addition, correlations (Pearson correlation) between SCC and change in some environmental factors were weak but significant (P <0.01). The arithmetic and geometric means and standard errors of SCC were 82.4&plu...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...s study was conducted to determine incidence of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) - producing Escherichia coli in table eggs and human with history of close association with table eggs. For this purpose, a total of 200 table eggs and 50 stool samples from human were analyzed. Results showed that out of 80 E. coli isolates recovered from eggs, 20 (25%) were found to be ESBL-producers, while, of the 17 human-isolates, 4 (23.5%) were ESBL pr...
Ahmet Ozer Sehirli1,2, Serkan Sayiner3*, Ayliz Velioglu-Ogunc4, Nedime Serakinci5, Emel Eksioglu-Demiralp6, Berrak Yegen7, Feriha Ercan8 andGoksel Sener2
...gnificant difference was determined between the CRF group and the control group with regard to heart rate, blood pressure, serum creatinine, BUN, LDH, cytokines and urinary electrolyte levels. Furthermore, monocyte and neutrophil apoptosis, tissue luminol, lucigenin, malondialdehyde and collagen levels were found to increase. Tissue glutathione levels were found to decrease indicating oxidative damage. These results indicate that oxidative mechanisms induce ti...
Ertuğrul Kul*
...igation was conducted to determine the lactation curve parameters and to choose the best model that defines the lactation curve. Data were composed of 4897 test day milk yield (TDMY) records from Anatolian buffaloes calved during 2014-2017 raised under different farm conditions in Amasya Province, Turkey. Five different lactation curve models such as Wood (WOD), Cobby and Le Du (CLD), Exponential (EXP), Parabolic Exponential (PEXP) and Quadratic (QUA) models w...
Jiao Qin,Qian-Qian Su and Quan-Sheng Liu* 
...little known. This study determined the effects of different doses of cabergoline on the inter- and intra-sexual social behavior and reproduction physiology in adult female lesser rice-field rats, Rattus losea. Results showed that the ovary weight of female rats treated with cabergoline significantly increased at day 24, but there were no notable changes in the uteri regardless dosage and time. PRL in female rats treated by 50 µg/kg cabergoline si...

Kenneth Nnamdi Anueyiagu*, James Jingmang Kopmut, Chrysantus Achi Lagi and Kelly Nkem Okoh 

...tive of this study is to determine the rate of nasal carriage of Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) among students in a college of animal health and production and livestock in the College Farm. 160 nasal swab samples taken from 130 students from three schools of the college and 30 livestock comprising sheep, goats, and cows between October 2017 and April 2018. Samples were enriched in peptone water broth, incubated at 37oC for 24 hours, and su...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...ication data. The expert determined the classes of the outputs data (average milk) through the input data (calving age, milking days, number of lactation and insemination). Applying deep neural networks, we established that average classification success of the system was 69.23% as a result of 6-Layers Cross-Verification Test which is commonly used in the literature for small datasets. In these datasets, it was found that 84 animals had GOOD, 39 animals carrie...
Mehtap Bayir*
...odel organism—were determined. Maximum amino acid similarity identity was found between putative fugu Sod1 and Sod2 proteins and their orthologs from teleost fish and tetrapods. Phylogenetic clustering was seen between sod genes in fugu and their orthologs. Finally, highly conserved gene synteny was determined between fugu sod genes and their orthologs from teleost fish and human.
...
Seval Dernekbasi* and Emin Karatas
...id and ash contents were determined in the FO/SFO group (p>0.05). Experimental diets containing vegetable oil (CO and SFO) and vegetable oil blend (CSFO) had significantly higher concentrations of n-6 fatty acids, predominantly in the form of linoleic (LA, 18:2n-6c) and oleic acid (OA, 18:1n-9c), while n-3 fatty acids were present in significantly higher concentrations in the FO group. The fatty acid composition of rainbow trout fillet reflected the dietary...
Muhammad Yahya1, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Imtiaz Sarwar1, Khurram Shehzad2, Muhammad Luqman3 and 
Sher Muhammad Shahzad2
...) arthropods. This study determined the quality status of soils under different land-use categories (i.e. agricultural crop land, orchard land and natural uncultivated land) and different land-use types (i.e. sugarcane, fodder and rice-wheat fields, intercropped and non-intercropped citrus and guava orchards, natural grassland, bare land and wetland peripheries) using population abundance and dynamics of edaphic springtails (collembola) and mites...

Saima Sharif*, Farkhanda Manzoor, Tasnim Farasat, Shaugfta Naz and Raheela Tabasum 

...text-align: justify;">To determine whether decreased kidney function is a risk-factor in first-ever ischemic stroke. The study was conducted from Jan, 2013 to Jan, 2014 in Services and Jinnah Hospital Lahore, Pakistan. A total of 150 subjects were included in this study, divided into ischemic stroke group (n=100) and control (n=50). Kidney function estimation was done using serum creatinine and blood urea along with eGFR calculation by MDRD equation. Kidney dy...

Hamza Rehman*, Nida Ahmad Khan, Asad Ali, Warda Batool and Kanwal Razzaq 

...uo;s formula was used to determine the corrected mortality. At 2ppm concentration thiamethoxam and imidacloprid provided 87.57% and 78.59% mean mortality of khapra larvae on treated filter paper after 72 hours respectively. On treated wheat, thiamethoxam provided 82.61% while imidacloprid gave 78.18% mean mortality of khapra larvae at 2ppm after 72 hours. Mortality was dose and exposure dependent. Results demonstrated that thiamethoxam was more lethal as compa...
Savas Atasever*, Ali Vaiz Garipoglu and Huseyin Erdem
...aim of this study was to determine the effect of some different feeding and management practices on milk production and traits in Jersey crossbred cows. A total of 78 smallholder dairy farms in the Middle Black Sea region province of Turkey was investigated by raw milk composition (fat (F), protein (P), lactose (L)), density (D), freezing point (FP), somatic cell count (SCC) and daily milk yield (DMY) according to the different feeding applications (grazing (G...

Arjumand Nizami1, Muhammad Zulfiqar2*, Jawad Ali1, Naushad Khan2 and Imran Sheikh

...onducted with the aim to determine the irrigation water use efficiency at rice farms as a result of adopting AWD and laser land leveling technology by the respondent farmers. The data were collected from the three selected villages using focused group discussions and individual interviews of 21 beneficiary rice producers. Out of 21 farmers, 7 farmers were selected each from head, middle and tail of the water channels located at Joyianwala, Saikhum and Kathianw...
Celalettin Gözüaçik1,*, Mustafa Güllü2, Ayda Konuksal3, Reşat Değirmenci3 and Ercan Akerzurumlu3
...arval parasitoids and to determine the parasitism rate of S. temperatella. These studies were conducted in 42 cereal fields of 18 villages in Lefkoşa, Girne, Güzelyurt, Gazimağusa and İskele townships in 2012-2013 years, and 1567 and 862 larvae were collected in the two years, respectively. Larvae were kept inside boxes covered with nets in the laboratory at 25±1◦C and 65±5% r.h. Following pupation, adult moths and parasitoids we...

Pushpa1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shahla Karim Baloch2, Mehmooda Buriro1, Aijaz Ahmed Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Qamar Uddin Jogi1*, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro1 and Farheen Deeba Soomro1 

...s study was conducted to determine the allelopathic effect of weed species on germination and seedling traits of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Wheat varieties Amber and TJ83 were subjected to powder of Chenopodium album, Convolvulus arvensis and Avena fatua under three different treatments i.e. 25, 50 and 75g. The effect of these weed powders on seed germination (%), shoot length (cm), root length (cm), shoot fresh weight (g), root fresh weight (g), shoot dry ...

Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir1, Muhammad Faheem2, Asad Rajput1, Junaid Ahmed Soomro1, Saifullah Kunbhar1, Abdul Samad Mirwani1, Tanzeela-ul-Zahra1, Ghulam Sarwar Mastoi3 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito

...as of Sindh, Pakistan to determine the presence and damage status of FAW on fodder and grain corn along with sorghum and millet. The presence of FAW was confirmed from all corn growing districts of Sindh except Jacobabad, Larkana and Shikarpur districts of upper Sindh. The identification of FAW was done based on its morphological characters. More damage was recorded in fodder corn than grain corn. The presence of FAW was also recorded from sorghum and millet. ...
Mehmet Mamay1* and Ayşin Bilgili2
... Spot Disease (BSD) were determined by controlling a total of 100 fruits from four different sides of randomly selected 25 trees from each orchard. In addition, 100 fruits infested with BSD were checked for damage, egg, larvae and pupae of CM during harvest. According to the results from the study, CM infestation rate was low in orchards where BSD infestation rate was high in pomegranate fruits. In terms of infestation rate in pomegranate fruits, a statistical...
Sikander Ali* and S. Wajiha Khalid
...s found to be 86 kDa, as determined by SDS poly-acrylamide gel electrophoresis. 
...

Jie Yang

...nalysed statistically to determine significantly differences among groups. Results showed that breakpoint cluster 2 was a direct target of miR-16, and the expression was negatively correlated. Moreover, miR-16 promoted apoptosis suppressing breakpoint cluster 2 through phosphorylation of extracellular-regulated kinase. The study validates miR-16 as a tumour suppressor gene in papillary thyroid cancer cells, and revealed a novel mechanism of miR-16-mediated apo...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

...the study area. The data determines that animal food products in Pakistan are common reservoirs of mycobacteria and may pose great risk to the public. Bovine tuberculosis (bTB) is found one of the neglected zoonotic disease (NZD) caused by Mycobacterium bovis with public health significance and appear as a life threatening infection at the human-animal-ecosystem interface in low-resource settings in the central zone of KP, Pakistan. The surveillance, preventio...
Qingzhan Ma1, Bo Wu1, Jianping Jiang2 and Zhaobin Song1,3*
...e, China were studied to determine their genetic background and provide essential data for its artificial breeding. Eight microsatellite markers were used to analyze genetic characteristics of eight channel catfish populations (POPA, POPB, POPC, POPD, POPE, POPF, POPG, and POPH). The average polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 0.525 (POPD) to 0.733 (POPA) indicating high polymorphism (PIC > 0.5). The average observed heterozygosity (Ho)...

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4* 

...dentify the factors that determine the rice productivity in the district Nasirabad, Balochistan. In the rural areas of Pakistan, farmers do not utilize all available resources efficiently. Therefore, it leads to inefficient choices which subsequently affect the production. This study evaluated determinants of rice production in the district Nasirabad, Balochistan by employing Neo-Classical and Cobb-Douglas production functions. The findings of the study show t...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,
...metal concentrations was determined. Simultaneously, the correlations between heavy metal concentrations in suspended particles, sediment, and fish body wall were assessed. The Cd, Cr, and Hg concentrations in large intestines, small intestines, and intestine contents increased over time as feed application increased, and were signific...
Bin Huo1 and Xiaoyun Shen1,2,3*
... aim of the study was to determine possible relationships between the illness and mineral deficiency. The present result showed that phosphorus contents in soil and forage from affected pastures were significantly lower than those from healthy areas (P<0.01) and the ratio of calcium to phosphorus (Ca:P) in affected herbages was 13.16:1. Phosphorus contents of blood and hair from the affected animals were also significantly lower than those from healt...
Yan Xu1, Jia Zhou1, Guangfu Lv2, Yuexin Liu1, Xintong Zhao1, Xin Li1, Doudan Ye2, Xiaobo Qu1,* and Xiaowei Huang1*
...d 48 h, respectively, to determine the IC50. Different concentrations of PAP were treated to H9c2 cells for 24, 48, and 72 h to determine the effect of PAP on H9c2 cells. The experiment was divided into control group, DOX group, PAP group and DOX+PAP group. Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage and creatine kinase MB (CK-MB) level were used to detect cell viability, flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle and a...
Imran Khan1, Muhammad Nawaz1,*, Aftab Ahmad Anjum1, Mansur-ud-Din Ahmad2, Adnan Mehmood1, Masood Rabbani1, Amina Mustafa1 and Muhammad Asad Ali1
...nt study was designed to determine the effect of three previously characterized probiotic lactobacilli i.e. L. fermentum IKP 23, L. fermentum IKP 111 and L. salivarius IKP 333 on histomorphology of small intestine and D-xylose absorption capacity in broiler challenged with S. enteritidis. Negative control group was not supplemented with probiotics. Positive control groups received only the challenge bacteria (S. enteritidi...
Sana Khan1, Raheela Taj1, Noor Rehman2, Asad Ullah3, Imad Khan3 and Sadeeq ur Rahman3,*
...rrent study was aimed to determine the prevalence and antibiotic susceptibility pattern of extended spectrum β-lactamases producing C. freundii clinical isolates. A total of 2950 clinical samples were collected from both hospitalized and non-hospitalized patients of Khyber Teaching Hospital (KTH), Peshawar, and processed by for isolation of C. freundii followed by phenotypic detection of β-lactamases and antimicrobial susc...
Mahvish Rajput1, Abdullah G. Arijo1, Muhammad Bachal Bhutto1Rehana Shahnawaz Buriro2, Javaid Ali Gadahi1, Muhammad Naeem3 and Zubair Ahmed Laghari1*
...t study was conducted to determine the prevalence of rumen fluke (Paramphistome spp.) infection in sheep slaughtered at the abattoir of Hyderabad, Pakistan and their molecular characterization with analysis of their evolutionary relationship. A total of 200 rumens from slaughtered sheep were examined and out of 200 sheep, a total of 75 (37.5%) were positive for rumen fluke infection. The results indicate that sheep were infected with the morphologically identi...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
...esis of the disease were determined by intraperitoneal injection of the etiological agent to the healthy A. sinensis. Physiological and 16s rRNA molecular analysis identified Streptococcus iniae as the causative agent of the disease outbreak. The bacteria has a unique biochemical profile compared with most of the previously isolated strains. Antimicrobial susceptibility tests revealed that S. iniae HNM-1 is resistant to most of the im...
Arifa Savanur1,*, Tallat Naz1,2, Tayyaba Hamid1,3, Syed Abid Ali4, Mian Jahangir1,3 and Muhammad Abdul Azeem4
...e study was conducted to determine the mechanical properties of esophageal and intestine tissue strips of Uromastix hardwickii. Tissues were subjected to electrical stimulation in order to observe the graded mechanical response, and the quick isotonic release method was used for the measurement of stiffness in the series elastic component. The higher stiffness in intestinal tissues as compared to esophageal tissue of Uromastix is probably ...

Muhammad Salim1*, Ayhan Gökçe1, Muhammad Nadir Naqqash1 and Orkun Ersoy

...t loss in grain was also determined after 21 days. A significantly higher percent weight loss (7.29±0.11%) was found in the control, while no weight loss was observed in grains treated with the highest concentration (2000 mg/Kg). The grains were also observed for adult emergence for a period of 45 days. More than 90% reduction in adult emergence was recorded at concentrations of 1500 and 2000 mg/Kg. Conversely, the highest number of adults emerged at a ...

Muhammad Ali1*, Norsida Man2, Farrah Melissa Muharam2 and Siti Zobidah Omar

...researchers had tried to determine factors affecting behavioural intentions of the respondents and TPB has been applied as technology acceptance model in various contexts. However, predicting behavioral intentions to use ICTs for agricultural risk management has not been evaluated from the actual field. Therefore, the data were collected from 360 farmers through multistage cluster sampling technique. Multiple linear regression through SPSS was administered for...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

...study was carried out to determine the prevalence of foot diseases in cattle and also to explore the risk factors having a promoting role in developing foot affections in three unions (Potazia, Jalalpur, and Kaijuri) of Shahjadpur Upazila. Foot affections were physically investigated and examined from May to October 2019 and a total of 257 surgical affections were recorded, among them 46 cattle were diagnosed as different foot diseases. Among different surgica...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Sami Ul-Allah2*, Muhammad Naeem1, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Muhammad Qadir Ahmad3 

...) seed traits. The study determined the effects of water stress on genetic variability of root and shoot traits and association of the seed traits with seedling vigor. 15 cotton cultivars were studied at two levels of irrigation during 2014-15. Results showed highly significant (p≤0.05) genotypic differences for seed and root‒shoot traits. Reduction in fresh weight of different cultivars due to water stress ranged 14.74 to 29.81% and reduction in dry weig...

Ayesha Zafar1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Sarfraz2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Sher Muhammad3 and Ghulam Murtaza

...on saline sodic soils to determine fertilizer requirement of linseed. The selected field was saline sodic in nature with pH value 8.57, medium in extractable K and scarce in P and organic matter. The selected field was sandy loam having 70% sand, 18% silt and 12% clay. The soil was prepared, leveled, and crop was sown with seed rate of 7.5 kg ha-1. Treatments included various rates of NPK {0 (control = T1), 75 % (T2), 100 % (T3), 125 % (T4), and 150% (T5) of r...
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...fen and Thiamethox-am is determined first time on the male, female and total population of lynix spider Oxyopes javanus.
...
Ayesha Iqbal1, Ghulam Sarwar1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Ayesha Iqbal1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Muhammad Ameen1
...e the sex of species was determined by the permanent canine teeth morphology, as in females the upper canines extend in ventrolateral directions and continue to grow in lateral direction while in males the upper canines extend out in anterolateral direction and curve dorsally. The estimation of suid’s ages was based on third molar eruption. The fifty-one craniometric and twenty mandibular measurements were carried out on the adult male skull and data der...

Korkmaz Bellitürk1, Zubair Aslam2, Ali Ahmad2* and Sami ur Rehman2

...ned results, it could be determined that the vermicompost had an outstanding nutrients availability, established by chemical studies, and confined all the vital macro, micronutrients and less heavy metals. This analysis will also support to select the best option for future use of these materials in the fields. 

...

Hassan Boulahyaoui1,2*, Sanaa Alaoui Amine1,3, Marouane Melloul4, Farida Hilali5, Elmostafa El-Fahime1,3, Saad Mrani1,2 and Nadia Touil1,5* 

...enced and genotypes were determined using the RotaC online classification tool. A phylogenetic tree was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the Tamura 3-parameter model in MEGA 6.06 package and statistically supported by bootstrapping with 1000 replicates. The amino acid sequences of the antigenic regions of the outer capsid proteins VP8* were compared with vaccine and field strains. Here we show that the VP4 gene of the P[14] strains dete...

Olotu Titilayo Mabel*, Adeosun Idowu Jesulayomi, Kaka Mary Oluwatosin and Oladipo Elijah Kolawole 

...tionary relationship was determined by Multiple sequence alignment using Clusta W and the sequences were further analyzed using MEGA 6 for phylogenetic tree. The sensitivity to antiviral drugs was analyzed using the Stanford University HIV Drug Resistance Database. Our results revealed that Kenyan strain (SN-042062), Ugandan strain (DR138-13), Sudanese strain (G-01035) and Nigerian strain (NGA-INF-2016-618) have similar branch length. The susceptibility percen...

Amjad Ali1, Awais Salman1, Gul Daraz Khan1, Aftab Ahmad Khan2, Sher Shah Hassan2*, Muhammad Arif Goheer2, Mahmood Alam Khan3 and Sajjad Ahmed

...l moisture contents were determined through the gravimetric method. Results showed that different deficit irrigation levels and sowing dates significantly affected different growth parameters, yield, weight and harvest index of turnip. Maximum number of leaves per plant (19.16), leaf length (19.97 cm), leaf width (10.46 cm), plant height (39.27 cm), turnip length (17.24 cm), turnip diameter (7.84 cm), turnip yield (22.42 tons ha-1), turnip weight (256.62 gm) ...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2*, Fiaz Hussain2, Muhammad Umair2, Waqas Aslam2, Muhammad Ameen4, Muhammad Adnan Islam3 and Muhammad Sheraz2 

 

...nput cost and income was determined in conventional tillage system T1 and reduced tillage system T2. 

...

Javed Iqbal1, Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Adnan Bashir1, Muhammad Hamza2, Wardah Muzaffer3, Muhammad Tahir Latif1 and Naeem Faisal1 

...s study was conducted to determine the optimum seed rate for different varieties of ridge sown wheat for better yield and related components. Wheat varieties (Faisalabad-08, Punjab-11 and Galaxy-13) were sown on ridges using two different seed rates (125 and 150 kg ha-1). Increase in seed rate improved the emergence (plants per m2), number of productive tillers per m2 and grain yield (3-7%) of all wheat varieties although productive tillers per plant, number o...

M. Rufai1† , A. A.Wahab2 , Q. O. Adeshina1 , J. C. Umehokoh1 and O. O.Ologunro1

Occurrence of entomopathogenic nematodes in Osun State, Southwestern Nigeria
...nic nematodes (EPNs) was determined in three senatorial districts of Osun State in relation to soil texture, vegetation, moisture and pH. A total of 110 soil samples were randomly collected from various cultivated fields in different locations. The soil samples were baited twice using last instar larvae of the Galleria mellonella (greater wax moth) for presence of entomopathogenic nematodes. Four EPN isolates were recovered viz., Heterorhabditis indica, Hetero...

 K. Abbasi 1 , R. Wick2† and D. Zafari1

Chitinase activity of biocontrol fungi cultured from the golden potato cyst nematode, Globodera rostochiensis
...d these four isolates to determine the optimum pH, temperature, and reaction time. Zymography was also used to demonstrate the chitinase activity of the four isolates. The biocontrol potential of 10 selected isolates was assayed in water-agar in vitro and under greenhouse conditions. L. muscarium had the most potential and Fusarium solani was the least based on the number of parasitized juveniles and eggs in water-agar. Greenhouse trials showed T. atroviridae ...

Muhammad Alam Zeb Khan1*, Muhammad Ali Kamran1, Khan Muhammad2, Khizar Azam1 

IDENTIFICATION OF THE OPTIMAL OPERATING PARAMETERS OF LOCALLY AVAILABLE COAL FOR USE IN PAKISTANI INDUSTRIES
...metric study intended to determine optimum burning parameters of locally available coal from mines in
Darra Adam Khel is being reported. The coal samples were tested in a cyclone combustor using the pulverized coal
combustion technique. Effect of mesh size, primary and secondary air velocity at various air fuel ratios was investigated
to quantify the combustion performance by measuring the furnace temperature. Mesh size 200 was found to

Mahmood Alam Khan1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Mujahid Khan*2, Amjad Khan1 

TEMPORAL VARIATION IN GROUND WATER QUALITY DUE TO URBANIZATION. CASE STUDY: DISTRICT PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...s
were adopted to determine the selected parameters and results of both the studies were compared. Comparative
analysis of both the studies showed that some of the chemical parameters values gained an increase while other got
decreased. Results also showed that electrical conductivity (EC), Cl-, SO4-2, NO3-1 were increased by 119.11%,
29.98%, 469.60%, and 59.47% respectively, while total dissolved solids (TDS), turbidity, total alka...

Muhammad Ibrahim1, ShahidMaqsood1, Rafiullah Khan2, Muhammad Amjad2, SakhiJaan2 

OPTIMIZATION OF GAS TUNGSTEN ARC WELDING PARAMETERS ON PENETRATION DEPTH AND BEAD WIDTH USING TAGUCHI METHOD
... Optimal parameters were determined through signal to noise (S/N) ratio approach. Significant factors have been
determined through analysis of variance approach. The results showed that the penetration depth and bead width
were increased with increase in current and decrease with increase in torch speed. It was concluded that the arc
current is the significant factor for both the response parameters whil...

Parsa Riaz and Muhammad Naeem*

Digestive Enzymes Activity with Gut Morphometric Parameter of Carnivorous Fish Wallago attu (Siluridae, Siluriformes)
...esent study attempted to determine the presence, distribution and levels of various digestive enzymes, such as lipases, proteases and amylases in the digestive tract of a wild, freshwater, carnivorous Wallago attu. Wallago attu is a fast growing catfish that belongs to family siluridae under the order siluriformes. It has good market demand as a food fish having high nutritional value, and high protein content in its flesh, Carnivorous in nature. Descriptive d...

Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...f each type of truck. To determine load data, a portable weighing station was designed keeping in view the size of
each truck tire, the maximum deflection and economy. Weighing plates were made of steel which is easily available,
cheaper as compare to the aluminum plates that are being employed in most of the weighing machines. Movable
weighing station comprises of two rectangular steel plates of sizes 28” x 21” ...

 Muhammad Irfan*, Saeed Gul*, Mohammad Younas*, Babar Nawaz*, M. Ishfaq*, M. Amir Durrani*, Abid khan*

FERMENTATION OF SUGARCANE MOLASSES BY SACCHARAMYCES CEREVESIA: EFFECTS OF OPERATING PARAMETERS ON ETHANOL PRODUCTION
...ution ofeach factor were determined statistically. The maximum ethanol recovery was found to be 24.65 gmlL when pH of molasses solution was

Nisar Mohammad*, Mohammad Mansoor Khan* Noor Mohammad*

CHARACTERIZATION OF TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES, DISTRICT SWAT, KHYBER PAKHTUNKHWA, PAKISTAN
...eavy Media Separation to determine talc content in the original rock. Petrographic study was made to know the nature of associated mineral impurities. Chemical composition and elemental impurities were determineby ...

Nisar Mohammad٭, Mohammad Mansoor Khan٭, Noor Mohammad٭

EXTRACTION OF HIGH QUALITY TALC FROM TALC-CARBONATE ROCK OF MINGORA EMERALD MINES BY FLOTATION AND LEACHING
...hese associated minerals determine the quality of talc for industrial purpose and if in access, limits its applications. In present research work, beneficiation studies of carbonatic talcose rock of Mingora emerald mine located in District Swat, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan were conducted to recover high quality talc out of the talc carbonate rock and to develop a technique for up gradation of indigenous noncommercial talc resources from other locations. ...

Muhammad Waseem*, Irshad Ahmad**, Rawid Khan**, Bashir Alam**, Khan Shahzada**, Muhammad Javed**

STABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOIL SLOPE IN SWABI, PAKISTAN
...tion value of 0.235 g is determined with site specific deterministic seismic hazard assessment approach. The maximum displacement in the soil slopes with retaining wall, soil nails, and ground anchors are 0.0220, 0.01665 and 0.01529 feet respectively. Results showed that using ground anchors have a factor of safety 1.165 and both the horizontal and vertical deformation values are within the limit. Based on results, ground anchors technique was found to be a su...

Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**

IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES
...ng protocols dynamically determine best path(s) to every network. Routing protocols are classified as distance vector and link-state routing protocols. Routing Information Protocol (RIP) and Interior Gateway Routing Protocol (IGRP) are examples of distance vector while Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) and Intermediate System to Intermediate System (IS-IS) are link-state routing protocols. Both RIP and IGRP are using different metrics to eval...

Muhammad Riaz1*, Naureen Akhtar1, Salik Nawaz Khan1, Muhammad Shakeel1,2 and Ateeq Tahir1

Neocosmospora rubicola: An Unrecorded Pathogen from Pakistan Causing Potato Stem Rot
...is was also conducted to determine the phylogenetic relationship of this species with other reported species of this genus. Pathogenic potential of the isolate was verified by artificially inoculating the spores of pathogen in healthy plants. Appearance of same symptoms and re-isolation of N. rubicola from infected tissue confirmed Koch’s pathogenicity postulates. Association of N. rubicola causing stem rot in potato is never reported before in Pakistan....

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...reness of the farmers to determine the impact of integrated farming system (IFS) on agricultural development and improving the livelihoods in the study area. To accomplish these objectives, an interview schedule was developed as a research instrument to record the opinions of the respondents by using Likert-type scale. The 200 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling technique. The response rate was 60%. Hence, the sample of 120 respondents...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...reness of the farmers to determine the impact of integrated farming system (IFS) on agricultural development and improving the livelihoods in the study area. To accomplish these objectives, an interview schedule was developed as a research instrument to record the opinions of the respondents by using Likert-type scale. The 200 respondents were selected through systematic random sampling technique. The response rate was 60%. Hence, the sample of 120 respondents...

Waheed-ur-Rehman*, Amjad Naseer*, Rashid Rehan*, Mohammad Ashraf* and Muhammad Ibrar*

PERFORMANCE OF BRICK MASONRY CAVITY WALLS WITH DIFFERENT WALL TIES
...tility of the walls were determined and compared. Test results show that use of ties increases stiffness of cavity walls, the increase being higher in the case of I-shaped ties compared to Z-shaped ties. The ductility also increased with I-type wall ties. However, wall ties have no effect on the lateral strength.
...

Rashidullah*, Irshad Ahmad**

SEISMIC HAZARD ANALYSIS OF ISLAMABAD
...d of 475 years have been determined. The PGA results obtained at bedrock are 0.28g by BA08 NGA attenuation relation.
...
Samet Hasan Abaci1,*, Hasan Onder1, Mustafa Sahin2 and Esra Yavuz3
...y aimed to statistically determine the optimal position and number of knots in cubic spline regression used for modeling lactation curves. Knots were taken as 60, 90, 120 and 150 days and combinations of them for every breed. To compare the Mean Square Errors (MSE) of the models, the autocorrelation values of Durbin Watson (DW), the information criteria of Akaike (AIC) and the coefficient of determination (R2) were used as comparison criteria. Krusk...

Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen

...uble (HWS) Boron (B) was determined spectrophotometrically. Additionally, soil samples were also analysed for electrical conductivity (EC), soil pH and soil organic matter (SOM) contents. These characteristics were correlated with plant available micronutrients. The DTPA-extractable Zn, Cu, Fe, and Mn ranged from 0.07-5.60, 0.11-1.22, 0.74-7.45 and 0.02-3.39 mg/Kg soil, respectively. Boron ranged from 0.06-0.69 mg/Kg soil. Considering the critical limits set b...

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

...ange awareness obviously determines the nature, quality and strength of climate change adaptations. The current study measures the impact of climate change awareness on climate change adaptation and climate change adaptation issues (constraints) and their interactions to help in addressing the native agricultural issues emerging from global climate change. The statistical analysis of the field data supports the assumptions about positive association between cl...
Mumtaz Ali Khan1, Sher Bahadar Khan2, Shakoor Ahmad2, Irshad Ahmad3, Kashif Prince1*, Ghazunfar Rashid1, Mahboob Ali1, Imdad Ullah Khan4Asad Ullah5, Naimat Ullah4, Muhammad Shoaib2 and Said Sajjad Ali Shah2
...ive of this study was to determine variations of different physiological biomarkers in Clostridium perfringens (CP) infections in Balkhi breed of sheep in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Study was conducted on 184 sheep suspected of having enterotoxemia and 107 sheep were identified to be infected with Clostridium perfringens. Genotypic Analysis of all isolates from infected sheep was performed. Results showed, 53.27% isolates showed infection of <...

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj-ud-Din

Fluorescence Analysis, Extractive Values and Cytotoxic Screening of Crataeva adansonii DC Leaf and Bark through Brine Shrimp Larvae Assay
...r its toxicity, which is determined by the prevention of growth and replication. Such drugs can be used to treat cancer, multiple sclerosis and rheumatoid arthritis. During the present study ethanolic extracts of leaf and bark parts of C. adansonii were evaluated through cytotoxic activity. Brine shrimp larvae assay was conducted for this purpose. Extractive values of leaf and bark parts were estimated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethanol, methanol, w...
Ayesha Noreen1, Amina Elahi1, Dilara Abbas Bukhari2 and Abdul Rehman1*

 

...um activity recorded was determined as 730 and 750µM/min (calculated by both Safranine O spectrophotometric and molybdene blue methods) at pH 7 and 37°C in the presence of Zn2+ as cofactor. The protein profile of B. cereus 3.1S, showed two bands of approximately 14 and 70 kDa, which had their possible role in arsenite oxidation. This was confirmed by transforming E. coli DH5α with plasmid DNA of B. cereus 3.1S. T...

Ali Hazrat1*, Mohammad Nisar1, Khan Sher2, Jehandar Shah2, Tour Jan1 and Abid Ullah1

Taxonomic and Medicinal Study of Papilionaceae of District Upper Dir, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
... They were taxonomically determined with the help of key characters, the uses of these native plants were recorded such type of study was concluded for the first time in the selected area of Dir (Upper). In view of the fact that these plant species are scarcely distributed, hence struggle should be made to protect them. The key objective of the present study was to file the taxonomic knowledge and the local and medicinal uses of the root juice of Desmodium ele...
Jam Nazeer Ahmad1,*, Samina J.N. Ahmad1,2,*, Mubashir Ahmad Malik1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Ali3, Ejaz Ahmad1, Muhammad Tahir2 and Muhammad Ashraf2
...ze locust species and to determine their association with other swarm forming locust species worldwide. Morphological features and molecular characters were observed using digital camera and PCR technique, respectively. For molecular identification, DNA was extracted through CTAB method and polymerase chain reaction was performed using mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase I (COI) gene based primers. Gel electrophoresis of the PCR products of desert locustsindicate...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...rded 162 individuals and determined 141 by gender: the sex ratio was 1.07. There was no significant male bias (n = 141, p = 0.210). Habitat selection results indicated that Mandarin duck tended to choose habitat with vegetation cover (2.40 ± 0.84) on riverbanks, with shoal proportions of 8.00 ± 6.00%, water velocity of 0.16 ± 0.12m/s and wider river widths of 190.90 ± 113.80 m. The foraging habitats were far from sourc...
Aribah Naz1*, Uzma Badar1,Afsheen Arif2*, Zaid Qureshi1, Sondas Saeed1,Erum Shoeb1, Maqsood Ali Ansari1 and Obaid Yusuf Khan1
...als and antibiotics were determined. Morphological, Biochemical and 16S ribosomal RNA gene sequencing have been done for the identification of the strain. 16S region was amplified by PCR and subjected to DNA sequencing. The sequence data analysis of the isolated strain showed 98% homology with Vibrio harveyi species. The sequence obtained has been submitted to NCBI under GenBank Accession# KY653092. Characterization of luminescent bacteria facili...

Olugbenga Omotayo Alabi1*, Ayoola Olugbenga Oladele2 and Ibrahim Maharazu3

Profitability Analysis and Marketing Efficiency of Soyabean (Glycine max) Value Chain among Actors in Abuja, Nigeria
...s of soyabean marketers, determine the marketing cost, marketing margin, and marketing efficiency of soyabean, analyze the costs and returns of marketing soyabean, evaluate factors influencing or affecting marketing efficiency of soyabean, and identify problems or constraints influencing marketing of soyabean. Data obtained were collected from one hundred and fifty (150) randomly selected soyabeans marketers, using well- structured, well-designed questionnaire...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...cy of maize crop, and to determine the factors which influence maize production in high mountains of Pakistan. For this purpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from District Hunza were selected with an aggregate sample of 112 maize crop growers. Both primary and secondary data were collected from different sources. To measure technical efficiency, the stochastic frontier production function along with technical efficiency model was em...

Paul Oludare Adetunji* and Safiriyu Idowu Ola

Comparative Productive Performance among three Plumage Varieties of Noiler Hens
... Pubic Distance-IPD) was determined from 16-24 weeks of age. Data on puberty and egg production performance indices were subjected to Analysis of Covariance with body weight at puberty as a covariate, while morphometry measurements were subjected to Spearman correlation analysis. Plumage colour difference had a significant (P<0.05) effect on the onset of puberty as lower age at first egg were recorded in brown and black pullets compared to the barred pullet...

Rabab Rafaqat1, Habib Ahmed Rathore1, Tariq Masud2, Imran Hayat1* and Imtiaz Hussain1

Determination of Different Chemical Constituents of Fruit, Leaves and Oil of Olea cuspidata (Wild Olive) Grown at Rawalakot, Azad Jammu and Kashmir
...s in these solvents were determined. Oil was extracted from wild olive fruit by the process of solvent extraction and was studied for physicochemical properties like refractive index, specific gravity, pH, free fatty acid, peroxide value, iodine value, saponification number and unsaponifiable matter. Results indicated that fruit and leaves of wild olive grown at Rawalakot Azad Jammu and Kashmir had moisture content (48.33±1.6 and 53.33±1.4 %), cr...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Obinna Oragwa Arthur2, Ocheme Julius Okojokwu1, Sarah Joseph1, Geoffrey Chibueze1, Joshua Adetunji1, Joseph Ameh Okwori3, David Ochola Amanyi4, Otobo I. Ujah5 and Onyemocho Audu6

Seroprevalence of Rift Valley Fever Virus Infection among Slaughtered Ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria
...her tissues. We aimed to determine the prevalence of antibodies against RVFV in slaughtered ruminants in Jos, North-Central, Nigeria. Blood samples were collected from 100 livestock (cattle and goats) at selected slaughter locations in Jos Metropolis. Questionnaires were administered to obtain information on animal species, sex, and localities of origin. The blood samples were screened for RVFV antibodies using competitive Enzyme Linked-immunosorbent Assays (C...

Ghulam Sarwar1*, Muhammad Rizwan1, Jehanzeb Farooq1, Muhammad Farooq1,2, Hafiz Ghazanfar Abbas1, Farrukh Ilahi1 and Muhammad Asif1

Fiber Quality Studies with Respect to Different Cotton Insect Pests using Multivariate Analysis
...fiber quality traits. To determine effective management approaches, additional work can be performed to recognize the impact of pests species on fiber quality by controlling certain pests.

...

Shaiza Rasool1, Iftikhar Ahmad1*, Khurram Ziaf1, Irfan Afzal2, Muhammad A.S. Khan1, Muhammad Aashir Sajjad1 and Muhammad Zain Ali1

Seed Conditioning Effects on Germination Performance, Seedling Vigor and Flower Production of Zinnia elegans
...seedling vigor index was determined by multiplying the percent germination with the seedling length (cm). In the second experiment, seeds treated at 25 mT for 5 min. showed the highest (65%) and earliest (3.2 d) germination (T50) although not significantly different from treatments with 50 mT for 5 or 10 min. or 75 mT for 5 min. In field trials, seeds primed with MLE alone or in combination with magnetically treated water (MTW) produced the tallest plants (104...

Khan Sher1*, Muhammad Subhan1, Muhammad Nisar2, Ali Hazrat2, Zahid Fazal1, Gul Rahim2, Imran Ahmad1, Riaz ul Haq1 and Shamia Bibi1

Genetic Diversity in Common Beans (Phaseolus vulgarus L.) Collected from Different Ecological Zones of Malakand Division (A Part of the Sino Japanese Region of Pakistan)
...sity like seed shape was determined by two alleles, seed color was defined by 13 numbers of alleles and four alleles were responsible for flower color. Similarly, the quantitative traits showed 73% diversity in the parameters studied. However, it was different in individual characters. In overall, 59% of the yield contributing traits showed significant level of correlation in the present germplasm. The dendrogram in one-way cluster analysis distributed 55 line...

Malik Abdul Rehman1, Shafqat Ali1, Muhammad Babar Shahzad Afzal1, Muhammad Nawaz Khan1 and Mujahid Ali2*

Efficacy of Chemicals and Botanical Extracts to Control Citrus Canker on Kinnow in Sargodha Region
...s study was conducted to determine the efficacy of both chemicals and plant-based extracts to find suitable chemicals against the canker in Kinnow. The study was carried out at the citrus farm of the Citrus Research Institute, Sargodha, Punjab-Pakistan during 2011-13 on ten-year-old bearing trees of Kinnow plants. There were nine treatments, control (no chemical was applied), Neemsol @ 5 ml, copper oxychloride @ 3 g, streptomycin sulphate @ 1 g, potassium acet...

Kubilay Ucar1, Sait Engindeniz1* and Jozef Palkovic2

Risk and Return Analysis of Open-Field Tomato Grown in Turkey: A Monte Carlo Simulation Approach
...tion costs of tomato was determined to be 4,940 US$ ha-1. Average gross and net return were calculated to be 4,282 US$ ha-1 and 3,284 US$ ha-1, respectively. Monte Carlo Simulation for tomato production was performed based on the values of input variables. According to results of these simulations, the gross return can be expected between 2,968 US$ and 5,912 US$ ha-1, and net return can be expected between 1,483 and 5,384 US$ ha-1. Risk factors that significan...

Muhammad Nauman, Unsar Naeem-Ullah*, Mehreen Hanif, Hafsah Ghaffar, Muhammad Shahid and Syed Haroon Masood Bokhari

Management of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) by using Microwave Oven
...oven of 50 Hz is used to determine the mortality of Tribolium castaneum (Herbst) and Rhyzopertha dominica (Fabricius) adults. Grain samples of 20 g in each petri dish were infested with both adults and exposed to microwaves for 0, 10, 20, 30 and 40 sec. For germination determination 25 seeds from each treatment were selected. Results indicates that increase in exposure time also increase the mortality but it reduces the germination capability of the grains. 20...

Asif Ali Abro1* and Iqbal Ahmed Panhwar2

Impact of Various Factors on Crop Diversification Towards High Value Crops in Pakistan: An Empirical Analysis by using THI
...tion. The technology was determined using fertilizers, the number of tubewells, Net Area Sown (NAS) and the production of tractors in quantity. The regression coefficients of fertilizers, number of tubewells and production of tractors showed positive and significant impact on crop diversification except Net Area Sown which showed negative impact but it was insignificant. The resource was identified with water availability (MAF) for irrigation purposes, which d...

Sajid Amin Sarmad1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Sohail Ahmed3 and Sylvain Nafiba Ouédraogo2

Development and Laboratory Evaluation of a Slow Release Formulation of Fipronil against Subterranean Termites (Odontotermes obesus Rambur)
...ortality of termites was determined at different time intervals after their exposure to formulated pellets treated macrocosm soils. Results revealed that fipronil formulated with Z. mays substrate remained more effective for longer period of time against subterranean termites as compared to that formulated with S. officinarum bagasse material. The maximum mortality of termites was observed at 15 days of treatment application in T3MPF (maize cob powder plus fip...
Muhammad Ilyas1,2*, Imran Khan2*, Muhammad Umer Chattha2, Muhammad Umair Hassan2, Muhammad Zain3, Wajid Farhad4, Sana Ullah1, Ateeq Shah5, Safeer Ahmed6, Bismillah Khan1 and Muhammad Adeel1
Evaluating the Effect of Zinc Application Methods on Growth and Yield of Wheat Cultivars
...d study was conducted to determine effect of various Zn application methods on the growth and yield of wheat cultivars during the growing season 2014-2015. The study was comprised of three cultivars of wheat; Galaxy-2014, Punjab-2011 and Millat-2011 and Zn application methods; seed priming @ 0.4% Zn solution, soil application @ 40 kg ZnSO4. H2O ha-1 foliar spray @ 0.5% Zn solution at vegetative stage and combination of all three methods (seed priming, foliar a...
Ammara Gull-E-Fareen1, 3, Imran Bodlah1*, Muhammad Tariq Rasheed1, Yasir Niaz2, Muhammad Adnan Bodlah2, Muhammad Asif4 and Nasir M. Khokhar5
...ive of this study was to determine trophic associations of ants associated with aphids on various host plants in Pothwar. For this purpose, seven ant species were selected, identified as Camponotus compressus (Fabricius, 1787), Formica fusca Linnaeus, 1758, Formica clara Forel, 1886, Lepisiota frauenfeldi (Mayr, 1855), Myrmica aimonissabaudiae Menozzi, 1939, Tapinoma melanocephalum (Fabricius, 1793) and Tetraponera ...
Zulekha Zameer, Samreen Mohsin, Ammarah Hasnain, Asma Maqbool* and Kauser Abdulla Malik
Influence of Explant Sources on in vitro Callogenesis and Regeneration in Maize (Zea mays L.)
...rk has been conducted to determine the efficiency of various explants sources for maize tissue culture, especially the immature embryos. However, the manipulation of immature embryos as explants is hampered due to its unavailability throughout the year and low regeneration response. The present study is aimed to investigate the effect of various explants sources for callogenesis and regeneration in maize (Pioner 3025). The main explants under consideration wer...
Shakeel Ahmed* and Sarwat Jahan
...hormone (GH) levels were determined in four normally fed and 48 hours fasted adult male rhesus monkeys.Fifty nmol (50 nmol)of NMS was injected through a cannula affixed in saphenous vein. Blood samples were collected individually 60 minutes before and 120 minutes after NMS administration at 15 minutes intervals. Plasma T and GH concentrations were determined by using specific Enzyme Immunoassay (EIA) kits. 48 h fasting signi...

Syeda Farzana Bibi* and Siraj ud Din

Unraveling the Bioherbicidal Potential, Elemental Analysis and Nutritional Evaluation of Crataeva adansonii Dc Leaf and Bark
...osed plant extracts were determined, including percentages of carbohydrates, proteins, fats, fiber, ash, and moisture. The bioherbicidal potential of the proposed plant was evaluated through the Lemna minor model of phytotoxicity. C. adansonii is a source of several essential macro and micronutrients. A nutritional value analysis of this plant offers its use as a food source. Bioherbicidal/phytotoxic activity revealed significant results in the form of dose-de...
Yihong Tian, Yongmei Qi*, Sajid Naeem, Ke Gao and Yingmei Zhang*
...T assay. LDH leakage was determined using a LDH assay kit. Mitochondria membrane potential (MMP) was measured by flow cytometry. LC3 conversion and p62 expression were evaluated by western blot analysis. MTT assay revealed that spermidine decreased the viability of Hela cells in a dose-dependent manner in conjunction with disrupted morphology. Moreover, spermidine caused cell damage as evidenced by elevated LDH leakage and compromised MMP as demonstrated by fl...

Shazia Rasheed1*, Javed Mustaquim2 and Khalil Hasni1

...e at sexual maturity was determined by relative growth (functional) as well as by examining the condition of gonads (physiological) in both sexes of Portunus pelagicus. During the study it was observed that the physiological and functional maturities occur almost at the same size which was from 68 to 75 mm short carapace width or 86 to 94 mm long carapace width. Male P. pelagicus matures earlier than the females. The size at which females attains...

Turgay Şişman1,*, Muhammet Çağrı Keskin1, Hatice Dane1, Şeymanur Adil1, Fatime Geyikoğlu1, Suat Çolak2 and Esra Canpolat1

...ize: small;">In order to determine the effects of environmental contamination, nuclear abnormalities of peripheral erythrocytes and lung, liver, and kidney histopathologies were evaluated in marsh frog (Pelophylax ridibundus) in agricultural areas. The most prominent histopathological alterations observed in lung tissue were noted as epithelial hyperplasia, thickness of alveolar septa, dilatations and congestions of blood capillaries, and melanomacropha...
Zeki Aras1*, Gökçenur Sanioğlu Gölen1, Zafer Sayin2 and Ali Evren Haydardedeoğlu3
... infection should be determined and implemented in Turkey.
...
Mudussar Nawaz1, Iahtasham Khan2, Muhammad Shakeell*, Arfan Yousaf1, Zahid Naseer1, Munibullah1, Ali Zohaib3, Riaz Hussain4 and Qudrat Ullah5
...he current work aimed to determine the prevalence of brucellosis in buffaloes and goats of Islamabad Capital Territory, Pakistan. A total of 341 milk samples from buffaloes (n=180) and goats (n=161) were screened by (Milk Ring Test) MRT and milk i-ELISA for anti-Brucella antibodies. Higher prevalence was found in buffaloes (5.6% and 16.1%) than in goat (4.97% and 1.9%) both through MRT and i-ELISA respectively. Commercial production and old age were imp...

Mohammad Mohsin Faqeer1, Muhammad Aquil Siddiqui2*, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Shameem Raja3, Muhammad Tahir Khan2, Ghulam Shah Nizamani2, Fareen Deeba Soomro4 and Muhammad Mahran Aslam2

Impact of Row Spacing on the Growth and Yield Parameters of Lentil (Lens culinaris L) under Semi-arid Region of Pakistan
...s study was conducted to determine the impact of row spacing on the growth and yield parameters of lentil varieties. Three lentil genotypes (M-85, NIA Masoor 2005 and NIA Masoor 2016) were evaluated at three spacing treatments (15, 30 and 45 cm) under the RCBD. The morphological characteristics of lentil genotypes depicted that maximum germination, plant height, number of branches plant-1, number of pods plant-1, weight of 1000 seeds, seed yield, and early day...

Md. Gulam Rabbany Rassel1, Kazi Afsana Homayra Orchy1, Md. Moshiur Rahman Khan1, Marzia Rahman2 and Md. Mahmudul Alam1*

Hematological and Serum Biochemical Indices in Calves with Navel Ill
...ch has been conducted to determine the changes in haematological and serum biochemical attributes in calves affected with navel ill. Peripheral blood was collected from affected and healthy calves, and serum was separated for biochemical evaluation. In term of haematological profile, Hb and TEC were decreased whereas PCV and TLC were elevated compared to healthy calves. Some leading enzymes such as ALT, AST, ALP, LDH, CK were elevated in affected calves than t...
Ye Ge1,2,3, Qiucheng Yao1, Hongliang Chai3, Yuping Hua3* and Guohua Deng2*
... wild birds will help to determine viral adaptation and maintenance in alternative hosts.
...
Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2,*
... for further analysis to determine the effect of the analyzed polymorphisms in the NCF4 and SAA2 genes on the milk production and reproductive traits of dairy cattle. 

...

 Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1, Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed3, Pravin Mishra4 and Osman Sheikh Ali Jama5

Assessment of Knowledge, Attitude, and Practices of Population Towards Brucellosis in Benadir Region, Somalia
...ir region of Somalia, to determine the knowledge, attitude, and practices of population towards Brucellosis. In this study, a total of 120 participants share their knowledge, attitude, and practices towards Brucellosis. Their knowledge regarding causative agent was 37.5% (n=45) and the disease was 45% (n=54), while transmission of animal to human was 43.33% (n=52). The majority of participants would take actions to ensure the animal is healthy when they buy 95...

Mehreen Ijaz

Effect of Weave Type on Tensile Strength of Cotton Fabrics
...each prepared fabric was determined by following Strip Methods ISO 13934-1. The results depicted that plain weave structure had better tensile strength both in warp and weft directions followed by twill and satin weave. It was due to the less interlacing per unit area of the prepared fabric. Moreover, plain weave helped to create more compact structure that resisted the pressure applied by using tensile tester. It is suggested to use plain interlacing pattern ...
Muhammad Riaz1*, Zahida Tasawar1, Muhammad Zaka Ullah2 and Zawar Hussain3
Parasitological and Molecular Survey on Theileriosis of Sheep and Goats and the Related Risk Factors in Musa Pak Shaheed Town, Multan, Pakistan
... to PCR amplification to determine ovine and caprine theileriosis. Through a questionnaire, the data regarding animals as well as herds characteristics were gathered to define the risk factors favors the spread of Theileria spp. infection. 24% and 8.5% Theileria infection identified through PCR and microscopic examination during present investigation. The PCR detected 14.5% and 9.5% Theileria piroplasms infection in sheep and goats, respectively. Among Theiler...
Muhammad Shafiq1,2,*,Rajwali Khan1, Ilyas Ali3, Sadeeq Ur Rahman4, Saif Ullah3Shah Jan Mohammad2, Mohammad Jan2 and Jinhu Huang2
...aim of this study was to determine the effect of cattle breed type on (a) cow serum IgG and serum total protein concentration (b) colostrum immunoglobulin level and (c) their respective calves’ serum immunoglobulin and serum total protein concentration. Three breeds of cattle were observed: Jersey, Holstein Friesian (HF) and local Pakistani cow breed Achai. To assess serum IgG, sodium sulphite precipitation technique was used while IgG in colostru...

Zaka ur Rehman1*, Kashif Akbar1, Altaf ur Rehman1, Hassan Waqas1, Alif Khan1 and Asad Ali2

Development and Storage Stability of Diet Mango Juice
...ximum increase in pH was determined in T6 (4.85%) and minimum in T7 (2.53%) while in acidity, the maximum increase in T6 (0.26%) and minimum in T0 (0.25%) were determined. In the sugar-acid ratio, the maximum loss in T0 (74.61%) and minimum in T6 (73.48%) were recorded. During storage taste, flavor, color and overall acceptability were also affected. The maximum mean score in color (8.14), flavor (7.64), taste (6.70), and ov...
Nadia Islam1, Khalil Ahmed1,*, Maisoor Ahmed Nafees1, Mujtaba Khalil2, Ishtiaq Hussain3, Muhammad Ali1 and Raja Imran1
...s study was conducted to determine the physico-chemical and bacteriological status of drinking water of Mishto uch (good spring) and Bar (big spring) springs of Sherqilla village, District Ghizer during winter and spring seasons. A total of twenty one samples were collected and analyzed by membrane filtration method. At Misto uch, the mean temperature was 9.7°C and 15.4°C, turbidity was 0.44 NTU and 0.67 NTU, electric conductivity was 147.4 µ...
Pengfei Liu1*, Hongxia Liu2 and Jiajia Xiao1
...lectance spectrometry to determine the plumage coloration in these two species in the hand. PL with dull plumage, the males had brighter head plumage than females, there was no significant difference in coloration of wing and breast plumage between two sexes. EL appeared relatively bright and polychrome plumages, and the males had extremely significantly higher carotenoid chroma than female in grayish-white tail end, however, there was no difference in orange ...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2

Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice
..., Mg2+ and Na+ were also determined from all soil samples. It was observed from the results that addition of NaCl proved toxic for different chemical properties of soil as values of pH (7.23 to 8.44), EC (2.96 to 13.54) and SAR (2.45 to 11.57) were impaired negatively and in systematic manner with the increase of NaCl concentration in soil and in all treatments when compared with control. Same trend was observed for various cations like Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ when...
Jia Shi
...Cochran test was used to determine the homogeneity of the samples (based on Q test and I2 index). The prevalence was estimated based on the Random Effect size model in Revman software (version 3.5). The main result of this study showed that, in the 14 studies that PEG interferon was prescribed for patients with Hbe Ag negative chronic hepatitis B, the pooled incidence of treatmen...
Ghazanfar Ali and Riffat-un-Nisa Awan*
...ical sciences. The study determined the moderating effects of gender, and academic discipline along with mediating effect of CTD and CTS in the relationship between CTIPs and AA. A sample of 320 final year science students of BS programs, was selected from three selected universities and surveyed through a questionnaire. The results of data analyses revealed gender wise differences in perceived level of CTIPs, CTS and AA in favor of female students. Students o...
Amjad Ali, Kafeel Ahmad*and Shaista Rahat
...sistance (MAR) index was determined. Prevalence of extended spectrum β-lactamases was studied by double disc synergy test. The ESBL genes blaCTX-M, blaOXA-10, blaPER-1, blaSHV and blaTEM were analyzed by PCR amplification among the isolates. Susceptibility to antibiotics was: imipenem (85.02%), meropenem (82.88%), cefepime (76.47%), piperacillin-tazobactam (76.47%), colistin (74.86%), ciprofloxacin (74.33%), piperacillin (72.19%), ceftazidime (68.98%), of...
Muhammad Mohsin Raza1*, Hera Gul2, Malik Muhammad Yousaf1, Sami Ullah3, Ghulam Sabir Hussain4, Mumtaz Hussain1, Jahangir Shah1, Bashir Ahmad1, Rao Wali Muhammad1, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Zeshan6
 

...ne genotype SPSG-394 was determined under field condition throughout the year 2017-18. Planting patterns under study comprised 100 cm spaced 30 cm wide single row ditches, 100 cm spaced 60 cm wide double row ditches, 100 cm spaced 90 cm wide triple row ditches, 100 cm spaced 100 x 100 cm, pits, 90 cm spaced single rows and 90 cm spaced double row strips. The quadruplicated experiment already laid out according to RCBD for the plant crop, used for this study. T...
Muhammad Younis1, Muhammad Irfan-ur-Rehman Khan1*, Mustansar Abbas1Ali Murtaza1, Imran Mohsin2, Muhammad Shahzad3 and Muhammad Zahid Tahir1
...tive of the study was to determine ovarian follicular development and steroid hormones concentrations during estrous cycle of Lohi sheep. Ovaries of nine Lohi ewes were monitored for two consecutive estrous cycles using B-mode trans-rectal ultrasonography during the breeding season (Sep-Nov 2018). Plasma progesterone and estradiol-17β concentrations were determined throughout the cycle using radioimmunoassay. The averag...

Muhammad Aman Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Rehman1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khan1, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub3, Arbaz Ahmad Khan1, Muhammad Adil Rehman1, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad1, Sajid Hussain1, Muhammad Umair Hassan1 and Riaz Ahmad1

 

 

...igation was performed to determine the ratooning potential of diverse clones of sugarcane under different trench spacing. The study was comprised of different trench spacing i.e., 90, 120, 150 and 180 cm and diverse sugarcane clones i.e., US-272, US-658, US-127 and US-704. The study was conducted in a randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having three replications. The findings depicted that trench spacing and clones significantly affect...
Laura Alejandra Arriola-Mosqueda1, Yadira Jiménez-Lara2, Eugenia del Carmen Prieto-Avella1, Carlos Ricardo Cruz-Vazquez3, Roberto Montesinos-Matias4, Mauricio Valencia-Posadas2, Ana Martha Cruz-Avalos5, Jaime Molina-Ochoa6,7 and César Andrés Angel-Sahagún2,*
...guineus larvae, were determined and the germination (at 18 and 24 h post-inoculation) and radial growth (after 14 days) of four strains of M. anisopliae. We evaluated the pathogenicity on the eggs and larvae of all tested strains of R. sanguineus at day 3 and 7. The LC50 of four strains of M. anisopliae was determined by Probit analysis, and a chi-square test was used to
Eman Khalifa1*, Riad Khalil2 and Haitham Elaadli3
..., this research aimed to determine the prevalence of Mycobacterium bovis from buffaloes’ mastitic milk by isolation on Lowenstein-Jensen medium (LJ medium), Ziehl-Neelsen staining; identification by different biochemical tests and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) at 500bp diagnostic for M. bovis, as well as (2) to determine the therapeutic efficacy of the various antimicrobials (9 types) on the isolated

Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*

... degraded DNA samples to determine the eye color prediction accuracy of the IrisPlex system. We used five years old bloodstains and UVC exposed (30 and 60 min) DNA samples. PCR and electrophoresis were performed. The multinomial logistic regression model statistics is applied for eye color prediction. We observed allele and locus drop-outs on both bloodstains stored for five years and UVC exposed samples. The brown and blue eye colors were correctly predicted ...
Yuanyuan Zhang1*, Liping Song1, Hui Guo2, Jun Wu1, Xiaoli Wang1 and Fangbin Yao1
...e growth performance was determined. Subsequently, CCl4 was used for the model experiment. The plasma and liver were collected for the test after 72 h. Results showed that there was a significant (P<0.05) increase in weight gain rate (WG) and a special growth rate (SGR) of fish fed feeds supplemented with 60 and 120 mg curcumin kg-1. When fish were induced by CCl4 after 72 h, fish fed the diet supplemented with 120 mg...
Yongyun Zhang1, 2, Xinyang Fan1, Fangting Zhou1, Weizhen Li3, Yina Ouyang1,4 and Yongwang Miao1*
...es. The buffalo variants determined here did not exist in Bos genus. In addition, 9 amino acid differential sites of αS1-CN between buffalo and Bos genus were identified, of which p.42T and p.115S were located at phosphorylation sites, which may lead to differences in the physicochemical properties of αS1-CN between buffalo and Bos genus.
...
Roland Eric Yessinou1*, Alain Richi Kamga Waladjo2, Nestor Noudeke1, Ignace Dramou3, Justin Adinsi1, Victorien Tamègnon Dougnon4, Elsie Yélognisê Sangnidjo5, Razack Osse5, Alfred Dansou6 and Souaïbou Farougou1
...nd analysis conducted to determine pooled prevalence estimates for each category Analysis was done using the metaprop command in STATA version 15 and MetaXL software. A total of 18.111 individual samples from 11 countries, described in 34 articles were studied. Analysis of twenty-six studies indicated that the pooled prevalence was 19.0% [95% CI (15.0-23.0 %), I2 = 97.93%]. There was a high level of heterogeneity between studies; however, the hig...

 Caner Öztürk1*, Mücahid Onay1 and Neşe Hayat Aksoy2

...scope (400x) was used to determine the sperm motility. PNA-FITC staining was used to examine the acrosome integrity under a fluorescence microscope. Total oxidant status (TOS) and total antioxidant status (TAS) were measured using ELISA. The methionine group showed an increase in the post-thaw motility (53.08 ±3.6%) and viability (47.5 ±2.9) percentages compared to the control group (46.68 ±2.9; 40 ±4.08%, p<0...

 Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1

...ndance of the fishes was determined using visual techniques. Sea water physiochemical parameters were determined. A total of 58 fish species in 33 genera and 24 families were recorded at 10 different dive sites. High diversity occurred at Churna Island following Mubarak Village and Astola Island. Majority of the recorded fishes were planktivorous. Compare to Churna and Mubarak Village, physico-chemical parameters at Astola I...

Joseph Anejo-Okopi1*, Jennifer Ifeoma Okpara1, James Mogoret Dabol1, Joshua Adetunji1, David Adeniyi2, David O. Amanyi3, Otobo I. Ujah4, Veronica David1, Patience Omaiye5 and Onyemocho Audu6

...uals. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of HDV infection in HBV/HIV and HBV-mono infected patients in Jos, Nigeria. This cross-sectional study was conducted on ninety (45 HBV/HBV and 45 HBV-mono) infected patients with chronic hepatitis B attending the hepatitis clinics of the two tertiary hospitals (Plateau State Teaching Hospital and HIV treatment center, at Jos University Teaching Hospital), Jos Metropolis from September to December 2018. The anti...
Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani1,*, Sri Rahayu1, Endang Dwi Purbajanti2, Devi Dwi Siskawardani3, Karina Stankeviča4 and Roy Hendroko Setyobudi5
...tion. This study aims to determine the effects of the application of mycorrhizae at different levels that play an essential role in increasing P elemental uptake and rhizobia inoculants to improve N element fixation and root nodule formation. Rhizobia inoculant applications were allotted to main plots and levels of mycorrhizae to the subplots under each main plot. Three types of rhizobia applications viz., soaking (A1), spraying (A2), soaking and spraying (A3)...

Uwem E. George1, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo2, Oluseyi A. Olayinka3, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah4, Temitope O.C. Faleye3,5, Bolaji Oluremi6, Arthur O. Oragwa7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel E. Udoh9, Oluwadamilola G. Osasona1,10, Emmanuel Donbraye11, Olufunke P. Adeniji12, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi3,13* and Johnson A. Adeniji3,13,14

...Gs in the raw reads were determined and assembled using the KmerResistance tool v2.2. From the 2,763,954 reads generated, 14 ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Precisely, 90.5% (12/14) of the ARGs detected target drugs that inhibit translation, of which 66.6% (8/12) were tetracycline resistance (TC-r) genes, while remaining 9.5% (2/14) inhibit cell wall synthesis (cfxA3_1 and cfxA6_1). Eight (aph(3’)-III_1, cfxA3_1, cfxA6_1, erm(B...
Wahyu Widodo1,*, Imbang Dwi Rahayu2, Adi Sutanto3, Apriliana Devi Anggraini4, Harum Sahara4
Sara Safitri4 and Abubakar Yaro5,6
...s Linnaeus, 1758) and to determine the most effective level of curcuma xanthorriza for the chicken. Completely Randomized Design (CRD) was used in this research through experimental design. Treatments in this research covered T0: Curcuma xanthorriza as feed additive 0.0 % (parameter), T1: Curcuma xanthorriza as feed additive 0.33 %, T2: Curcuma xanthorriza as feed additive 0.67 %, and T3: Curcuma xanthorriza as feed additive 1.00 % ...
Basharat Ahmed1, Muhammad Hamza Azhar2, Farah R. Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1,3,*
...akistan were analyzed to determine their changing trends in response to fifteen antibiotics. Campylobacter isolates were identified as C. jejuni (66.4%) and C. coli (33.6%). An over whelming majority of isolates were recovered from children (72%), 52 % were from male patients. The highest number of strains was isolated in summer (30.8 %) followed by in autumn (25.3 %) and in spring (22.6 %). The lowest number of strains was isolated in win...

Oluseyi A. Olayinka1, Temitope O.C. Faleye2, Oladipo O. Omotosho3, Oladapo A. Odukaye3, Bolaji Oluremi4, Ibipeju H. Ibitoye1, Oludayo O. Ope-Ewe1, Uwem E. George5, Oluwadamilola A. Arowolo6, Ijeoma M. Ifeorah7, Ewean C. Omoruyi8, Emmanuel Donbraye9, Olufunke P. Adeniji10, Olubusuyi M. Adewumi1,11* and Johnson A. Adeniji1,11,12

...s) in the raw reads were determined and assembled using the Kmer Resistance tool v2.2. From the 2,974,257 reads generated, 21 ARGs with statistically significant reads were identified. Almost all targeted broad-spectrum antibiotics with over 50% targeting Tetracyclines. Five (ant(6)-Ia_3, tet(40)_1, tet(Q)_1, tet(W)_5 and tet(O/W)_4) of the ARGs were predicted to be plasmid-borne. Our findings show that the Swine industry in the region might be both a mixing p...

Atilla Yıldız

...fects sperm survival and determines the ability of cows to become pregnant. Insemination based on cervical mucus characteristics may increase pregnancy rate. Therefore, this study’s aim is to evaluate the extent to which the scores specific to the changes in physical properties of cervical mucus predict the probability of conception at insemination time. Cervical mucus in 36 clinically healthy Holstein cows was evaluated scoring system based on the five ...
Alamaary Mohaammed Saad1,3, Abd Wahid Haron1*, Mohamed Ali2
Mark Wen Han Hiew1 and Lawan Adamu1
...semen. This study was to determine the addition of different concentrations of antioxidants to evaluate oxidative stress and fertility of frozen semen in horses. Seven stallion were used for semen collection in this study. A total of twenty ejaculates was collected from three healthy stallions twice a week for the experiments 1 and 2. All ejaculates were divided into two parts of ten ejaculates each, ten ejaculates for cysteine in experiment 1 and the other te...

Frederic Ndihokubwayo and Atakan Koç

...-Friesian (HF) cows were determined. In the study, a total of 432 cows raised in 9 different dairy cattle farms in Aydın Province, Turkey, were inspected. In addition to measure milk yield (MMY, kg), the milk samples were taken from these cows during the morning milking for the determination of fat content (FC, %), non-fat dry matter content (NFDMC, %) and somatic cell count (SCC, cell/ml). The means for BDS, TEHS, MMY, FC, NFDMC and Log10SCC were 3.30±...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...t study was conducted to determine the prevalence of C. jejuni, risk factors associated with the occurrence, identification control and preventive measure to reduce the prevalence in broiler chicken farms in Kelantan state located at east coast region of peninsula Malaysia. Eighty cloacal swab samples were collected from 4 different broiler chicken farms in district Tumpat, Machang and Bachok. The samples were processed for identification of C. jejun...
Saba Afzal1, Sohail Raza1,*, Masood Rabbani1, Sehrish Firyal2, Imran Altaf1 and Zahra Naeem1
...in in the Vero cells was determined using MTT assay. The antiviral activity of ivermectin was determined using viral inhibition assays and median tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50). The results showed that 2.5 µM concentration of the ivermectin is non-toxic to the Vero cells. At this concentration, PPRV titre was significantly reduced (p < 0.001) by two log to 103.0 TCID50
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
... culturing of samples to determine the diversity of bacteria. Staphylococcus aureus (42%), Enterococcus faecium (54%), Salmonella sp. (38%), Bacillus sp. (71%), and Moraxella sp. (63%)were isolated from the samples collected from two different managemental systems. Statistical analysis revealed that temperature and seasonal variations alongside storage conditions affect not only the shelf-life of f...

Syed Muhammad Aun Naqvi1, Sara Tahir1, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Huma Naz3, Amara Gilani4, Atif Liaqat5

... total carbohydrates are determined by the difference of the entire proximate body composition indices, and in this study, it was found that the liver contains maximum carbohydrates (percentage) relative to other sections of the body examined. Weight group W3 was found to have higher nutrients significantly (p<0.05) as compared to W1 and W2. Further, it is found that although the gills, liver, and gut of fish are not eaten directly by humans, but they have ...

Aioub Sofizadeh1, Ehsan Allah Kalteh2, Shahin Saeedi3, Mulood Mohammadi Bavani4*

...| For the first time, we determined the distribution of scorpion species in Golestan province, also O. farzanpayi and M. caucasicus are recorded for the first time in this region of Iran. This information can be very useful for the production of regional antivenom for scorpion sting treatment. 
...

Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Saba Saeed1

...nd Cirrhinus mrigala was determined in this study. During metal stress trials both species were kept at constant temperature (32°C), pH (7) and hardness (250 mg L-1) of water. Physico-chemical parameters of test medium were monitored regularly. The observed mean LC50 and lethal concentrations for Cirrhinus mrigala were 55.85 ± 2.84 and 128.44 ± 9.25 mg L-1, respectively. On the other hand, for Labeo rohita, mean values of LC50 and lethal conc...

Halil Erhan Eroglu

... index (S/AI) is used to determine karyotype asymmetry in higher animals and humans. The formula designed by the number of chromosome types is S/AI = (1 × M) + (2 × SM) + (3 × A) + (4 × T) / 2n. The S/AI value varies from 1.0000 (full symmetric) to 4.0000 (full asymmetric). After a detailed literature review, the chromosomal data of 36 female species and 32 male species of family Cervidae were detected, namely (i) karyotype formulae, (i...

Tanweer Fatah Abro1, Asif Ali Kaloi1, Jay Kumar Sootaher1*, Piar Ali Shar1, Tarique Ahmed Baloch2, Tanveer Ali Soomro1, Muhammad Saleem Chang3, Kirshan Kumar Menghwar1 and Waqar Hussain Shah4

... out during 2016-2017 to determine genetic variability, heritability, and genetic gain in nine F4 segregating populations for morphological, yield and fiber quality related traits in upland cotton. Significant differences were observed among genotypes, parents, F4 populations and parents x F4 populations for all the studied attributes which articulated greater genetic variation in the breeding material. Heritability estimates were moderate to high for all the ...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1 and Nasir Ali Tauqir2

... iron and manganese were determined via standard lab procedures. Data collected was analyzed statistically by applying t test (α=0.05). The average mean values of macro minerals (Ca, Mg) and trace elements (Cu, Zn, Fe, Mn) were found to be 521.6±11.1, 82.3±4.9; 5.6±0.2, 55.0±2.9, 292.7±4.8, 30.5±1.0 in male camels while 486.0±5.8, 77.6±4.4; 4.3±0.2, 43.9±1.6, 235.9±9.3, 24.3&plu...

Taqi Raza1*, Kashif Nazir Qureshi2, Shakeel Imran2, Neal Samuel Eash3 and Imma Bortone4

...avy metals contents were determined via atomic absorption spectrophotometry. Results showed that the highest pH (11.06) was recorded in textile effluent while EC (7.89mS/cm), TSS (1185.55mg/L) and TDS (6317.33mg/L) were found highest in chemical industrial effluents. Heavy metals contents were determined through atomic absorption spectrophotometer. The mean comparison of heavy metal concentration (mg/L) showed the concentrat...

Saima Maher1,3*, Shahina Fayyaz2, Nadra Naheed3 and Zarbakth Dar1

...re evaluated in order to determine their nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne incognita (the root-knot nematode). The seven pure bioactive compounds have been isolated and examined, from which VA 4 and VA7 had a potential effect against M. incognita by showing 90% mortality at 0.1 g/mL after 48 hours of exposure. The LC50 0.0149, 0.1575 μg/ml of (VA4 and VA7), respectively found to be significantly effective than compounds VA5 (LC50 = 0.1575 μg/ml), ...

Maqsood Ahmad1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Faqir Hussain Anjum3, Sadia Afzal4, Muhammad Faran1, Fiaz Hussain3, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Jabbar5, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi5, Mahnoor Mehmood6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...t study was conducted to determine the effect of variable sowing dates and cultivars on the growth and productivity of mungbean. The study was conducted in RCBD with a split arrangement having three replications at Agronomic Research Area, University of Agriculture Faisalabad. The experiment consisted of different sowing dates (SD); 25th April, 5th May and 15th May and variable mungbean cultivars Azri Mung-2006, NM-2011 and NM-2006. The maximum plant height (5...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Mahmood Iqbal1*, Saghir Ahmad1, Athar Mahmood2, Muhammad Akram1, Hammad Husnain1, Muhammad Shahid1, Saeed Ahmad1, Ali Raza1, Ansar Hussain3, Allah Ditta Abid4, Qaisar Abbas5, Mussarrat Hussain5, Muhammad Akram6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan2

...s study was performed to determine the potential of cotton genotypes under varied planting times at cotton research institute, Multan during 2018 and 2019. The experiment was comprised of four cotton genotypes IUB-13, MNH-1016, MNH-1020 and MNH-1026 and eight different sowing times viz 1st March, 16th March, 1st April, 16th April, 1st May, 16th May, 1st June and 16th June. The experiment was performed in RCBD with split plot arrangement and was repeated thrice...
Sajid Ali1, Muhammad Avais1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Kamran Ashraf2, Saira Jabeen1, Sajid Hameed3, Muhammad Awais1, Jawaria Ali Khan1 and Imtiaz Ahmad4 
...ive of this study was to determine the prevalence and associated risk factors of lameness at commercial dairy herds in Punjab, Pakistan. The sample size was 2,555 cows from 15 dairy herds assessed using a 5-point locomotion rating scale. A cow with a locomotion score of 3 or higher was considered to be lame. Lame cows were investigated for hoof and claw disorders based on clinical assessment. The prevalence of lameness at the herd-level ranged from 3.08% to 33...

Rahat Rukhsana1, Shahnaz Rashid2, Asma Fatima2, Owais Iqbal Khan3, Syed Babar Hussain Shah4, Mumtaz Ali4 and Ghulam Abbas2*

...hyll-a concentration was determined by using the acetone extraction technique. Ponds water sample (50 liters) was filtered through plankton net of 20 µm pore size and preserved in 4% formaldehyde for the analysis of phytoplankton. Subsequently, the phytoplankton were counted under microscope. Result showed that water quality parameters of all fish farms were suitable for farming purpose excluding Shamimul Hassan Farm, Fish Farm Green Co. and Ghulam Ali N...

Mian Muhammad Arif* and Malik Muhammad Shafi

...study was carried out to determine the profitability of different size of commercial broiler poultry farms in central region of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. A total of 105 sample broiler poultry farms were selected through random sampling technique and data were collected for 483 flocks by means of interview schedule. Descriptive statistics was used for general analysis, while budgetary technique was used for profitability analysis. Ordinary Leased Square (OLS) techniq...

Rabia Iqbal and Muhammad Naeem *

...atio and production were determined. Results revealed maximum gains in T3 (25%) feed group as compared to T1 (15%) and T2 (20%) feed groups. The lowest food conversion ratio (FCR) was also noted in the T3 (25%) group showing best feed composition of T3 (25%) feed by the tested fish fry. ANOVA analysis showed highly significant (P<0.001) difference in the final weight, final length and production among three treatment groups (T1, T2, and T3), while no differ...

Summara Abbasi* and Khalid Nawab

...esearch was conducted to determine the socio-economic factors that influence the rural milk producers in the adoption of dairy technology. A survey was carried out in district Muzaffarabad of Azad Jammu and Kashmir by selecting 8 villages purposively, based on the average number of livestock population i.e 2-3 heads per household, for dairy production. A structured and pretested interview schedule was used to collect the primary data from randomly selected 333...

Barış Bayraklı

...phia verrucosa) were determined. From the southern coast of the Black Sea, fifty individuals of warty crab were caught every month. Amino acid score (AAS), chemical score (CS), and meal size amino acid score (MSAAS) were calculated. In August, when E. verrucosa breeds densely, the crude protein (%13.52) rate was found to be the lowest compared to other months. In September, the crude fat rate (1.07%) was found to be the lowest, and in Aug...
Shuang Yang1,2, Huiting Zhao3, Xuewen Zhang2, Kai Xu1, Lina Guo1, Yali Du1 and Yusuo Jiang1,*
...erns of these genes were determined using the estimated fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped. Among the 114 DEGs, 66 were expressed exclusively in the female antennae, whereas the remaining were expressed predominantly in the male antennae. Additionally, five chemosensory-related genes (OBP69a-like, OBP72-like, CSP7, CSP10 and OR29) were differentially expressed between the two samples. In conclus...

Muhammad Tariq Mahmood1*, Muhmmad Akhtar2, Kaiser Latif Cheema2, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid2, Afzal Zahid2, Muhammad Kashif3 and Zeshan Ali4

...s. The research aimed to determine the yield stability of sixteen advance chickpea strains was carried out at eleven diversified locations across the Punjab province of Pakistan during cropping season 2019-20. GGE biplot and mega environment analysis were employed to identify the most stable and high yielding chickpea advance strains. GGE biplot among PC1 and PC2 illustrated that G-10 (K-15019) was ideal genotype performing best across the environments. Higher...
Nilgun Dogan1,* and Hakan Adanacioglu2
...pose of this study is to determine the economic performance of the beekeeping farms. For this purpose, a survey was done in Kelkit County, in northeastern Turkey. The performances of the beekeeping farms were evaluated by cost, profitability and efficiency analysis. The cost of a unit of honey was US$3.16 and the average price paid to the beekeepers was US$6.78. The absolute and relative profits were calculated as US$3.62 and US$2.14, respectively. The efficie...
Sana Ilyas1, Muhammad Hidayat Rasool1,*, Muhammad Javed Arshed2, Muhammad Usman Qamar1 and Bilal Aslam1
...L producing isolates was determined by the broth dilution method. Phenotypically confirmed ESBL producing strains were further subjected to molecular characterization for the presence of ESBL and carbapenemase-producing genes using PCR. Of 392 samples, 219 ESBL positive E. coli were recovered and among these 156/213 (73.2%), 42/63 (66.6%) and 21/27 (77.7%) were from poultry, environmental water, and urine samples, respectively. The PCR results revealed ...
Zeynep Sonmez1 and Memis Ozdemir2,*
...aim of this study was to determine new polymorphisms in GDF5 (growth differentiation factor 5 (CDMP-1)) and EPS8 (epidermal growth factor receptor substrate 8). After the PCR analysis of the identified gene regions of 72 head Holstein cattle, samples were separated by the high-resolution melting analysis (HRMA), and sequence analysis was applied to some randomly selected samples. New polymorphisms were identified in the

Muhammad Usman Aslam1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Rizwan Maqbool1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Fiaz Hussan3, Muhammad Nawaz4, Muhammad Shakeel Hanif5, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub6, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Mina Khan7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...tigation was aimed at to determine the effect of various N sources and organic mulches on productivity of wheat grown in semi-arid area. The experiment was comprised of different organic mulches, i.e. M1 = no mulch (control), M2 = maize straw mulch (5 t ha-1), M3 = wheat straw mulch (5 t ha-1), M4 = sorghum straw mulch (5 t ha-1) and nitrogen sources i.e., NS1 = urea, NS2 = ammonium sulfate (AS) and NS3 = calcium ammonium nitrate (CAN). The application of sorg...

Mohammed Bashar Danlami1*, Basiru Aliyu1, Abbas Bazata Yusuf1, Bashar Gulumbe Haruna1 and Asmau Nono Mahe1

...pical squamous cell of undetermined significance. The unsatisfactory pap smears were seen in 18/92 (19.6%) cases; six cases were seen in women aged 18 - 30 years. Four (4) cases each seen in 31-40, 41-50 and 51-60 years. The major source of unsatisfactory pap smears was poor fixation 10(55.6%) and obscured blood 4(22.2%). The high percentage of abnormal Pap smear call for an increasing awareness campaign in the study population. There is a need for improving s...

Ghulam Murtaza1*, Muhammad Ramzan2, Assad Ullah3, Abid Ali5, Ayesha Zafar3, Rukhsar Beanish3, Ahmad Ali4, Ghulam Mustafa4 and Mudassar Aslam4 

...eased in cage for 24h to determine their oviposition. The study resulted that maximum number of pupae (125.34) were formed in guava fruit exposed to B. zonata followed by banana (104.12), citrus (98.65), fig (84.34) and apple fruit (34.27). The adult emergence percentage was maximum in guava (79.26%) and banana (70.56%) host followed by citrus (65.44%), fig (57.61%) and apple fruit (53.51%) respectively. The study concluded that guava was the most preferred an...
Mansour, L. L.*; Othman, B. A. **; Abd-EL Ghaffar, M. H. **; Eman, M. Marai** and Sahar, A. Youssef* 
...sequenced to
determine the phylogenetic with other published isolates. Phylogenetic tree showed
the identity percentage of Egyptian isolate group of BBTV-component- 6 with
component 6 of Indian, Taiwanese and Pakistani isolates group was 97%, whereas
it was 84% in case ofChinese isolate group.
...

Maha I. El Zaafarany1, WafaaM. Badawy2, Eman M. El Salakh3

...ose of this study was to determine the prevalence of HPV in breast cancer.Fifty four fresh frozen breast cancers samples were analyzed. Samples were tested for HPV by PCR, and products were sequenced. Findings were correlated with clinical and pathological characteristics.The HPV DNA prevalence in the breast cancer samples was 28 % (15/54). Sequence analysis in a subgroup of cases indicates the prevalence of high risk HPV16. In conclusion, the present study de...
Nader M. Sobhy,1 Sunil K. Mor,2 Mohammed E.M. Mohammed,1
Iman M. Bastawecy,3 Hiam M. Fakhry,4 and Sagar M. Goyal2
...MDV ID and 3D genes were determined using standard automated sequencing technique. Phylogenetic analysis of FMD / SAT-2 /3D/Egypt/Sharkia/2013/ FMD / (KJ210080) revealed (99–100%) identity with Egypt 2012/ and Palestinian-Gaza virus. Phylogenetic analysis of serotype O of this study from Ismailia (KJ210076) , Alexandria (KJ210074) and El-Mania (KJ210077) showed 100% identity with each other and 92% identities with Asian type O sequences from Pakistan, Ir...

Yasser F. Elnaker 1, Mohamed El-Tholoth 2, Sahar Saber 3, Amira A- Elsaid4, Mohamed A. Saad 3, Emad E. Younis 5

...rum antibody titers were determined by serum neutralization test (SNT) and Enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA) in calves and also their dams. The results confirmed infection of calves with lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV) and showed that calves older than 3 months old age and those out of first calf heifers are more susceptible for infection. Some calves even with insufficient amount of maternal antibodies could be protected from infection. In conclusion,...

Ahmed K. El-Attar; Samah A. Mokbel; Ali H. Hamed

...nfected onion bulbs were determined.
...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. Shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1, Ahmed K. El-Attar1 
... in order
to determine the occurrence and distribution of phytoplasma associated with diseased
tomato plants (Solanum lycopersycum L.), and to identify and classify the phytoplasma
involved. A detection of infected tomato plants, which showed symptoms of big bud,
witches'-broom and phyllody, in all regions of the screened governorates, reacted
positively when assayed by nested polymerase chain reactio...

Sherif .M. Ibrahim*, Abd El-Razek. B. Abd El-Razek*. Hanan. M. El-Zahed Amal. A. Fatouh* and Ayatollah. I. Ibrahim*

...t study was conducted to determine the similarities and differences between vaccinal and isolated strains of Fowl pox virus (FPV) and Pigeon pox virus (PPV) based on biological and molecular basis. Vaccinal and isolated strains were propagated on the chorioallentioc membrane of specific pathogen free (SPF) embroynated chicken egg (ECE) showing the characteristic pock lesions for each strain with titers reached 4.5 and 3.5 log10 EID50/ml at 5th passage for FPV ...

Megahed, A.A.1; Kh. A.El-Dougdoug2 and B.A. Othman2

...ar beet growing areas to determine the occurrence and incidence of Cucumber mosaic cucumovirus (CMV), Beet mosaic potyvirus (BtMV), Beet necrotic yellow vein benyvirus (BNYVV), Beet curly top geminivirus (BCTV) and Beet yellows closterovirus (BYV) symptomatology and serologically by double antibody sandwaich Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA). The survey of sugar beet viruses achieved in 15 field locations belonging to 5 different Governorates, whic...

Ramy A. Qabel1; Tarek F. El-Arabi2; Adel A. Shoukry1; Hassan H. Elsebaay1; Abdel-Aziz F. El-Hamahmy1

...wo groups of phages were determined based on their virulence. Highly virulent phages designated as group V showed clear plaques and were able to infect many of Rhizobium species and strains. The other group of phages was less virulent and showed turbid plaques implied as group L. This was also determined by one-step growth experiment. It was found that rhizobiophage (V) group had the attachment and latent period after 30 min...

Radwa M. Shafie 1 and Soha S. M. Mostafa2

...ltrates and biomass were determined.

...

Abdou Nagy1, Fatma Abdallah1, Kareem Sweed2, Ahmed Salama3, Mohamed Omar4

...-
Sinai) and determine its economic effect.
Methods: Serum samples were collected from non-aMPV vaccinated apparently healthy 40 chicken
(23 broilers and 17 layers) and 8 duck (6 Pekin and 2 Muscovy) flocks and then, tested with
commercial indirect aMPV ELISA.
Results: Five out of 23 broiler, 6 out of 17 layer, 1 out of 6 Pekin duck and 1 out of 2 Muscovy duck
flocks showed positive result...
Hussein A. Hussein, Maha Khedr, Reem A. Suliman, Marwa F. Mohamed, Mounir D. El
Safty
...and antibody titers were determined by HI test. All vaccinated groups
were challenged 4 weeks post vaccination and tracheal and cloacal swabs were taken at 3, 5, 7, and 10 days
post challenge and tested by real time RT-PCR (rRT-PCR) and virus isolation and titration in SPF ECE.
Results: Results of HI demonstrated significant difference between groups in relation to age of vaccination,
where the groups vaccinated ...
Dalia M. Omar1, Nermeen A. Marden1, Lamiaa M. Gaafar1, Elham A. El-ebiary1, Khalid El-Dougdoug2, Badawi Othman2, Abd Elsattar Arafa3, Hussein A. Hussein4
...among poultry in 2016 to determine its suitability to be
used in vaccine quality control in Egypt.
Methods: The newly isolated virus was identified and subtyped antigenically by serological test as
Haemagglutination inhibition (HI) using standard AI antisera for H5 antigen and genetically by RTPCR
using specific primer for H5 gene and it was confirmed to be H5N1 and grouped according to the
year of is...

Hanaa A. Elsamadony1, Laila A. Tantawy1, Sabry E. Omar2 and Heba A. Abd Alah1

...munosuppression. Also to determine their relationship with vaccine
used in the field and other reference strains. Then to observe microscopic lesions and to detect CAV
antigens by immunohistochemically in thymus and bone marrow tissues of SPF chicks infected with
CAV.
Methods: In this study, 30 layer farms of age 40 to 100-days-old from different governorates
(Alexandria, Gharbia, Giza and Qalubia) we...

Abdelaziz A. Yassin, Ayman H. El Deeb, Abeer E. Mansour, Hussein A. Hussein

...ssion of Th1 and Th2 was determined using quantitative ELISA. Results reveled peaks of IL-4 at 7th day, IFN-γ at 14th day and IL-2 at 21st day post vaccination. Lymphocytic proliferation assays demonstrated the continuous response of lymphocytes started at the 3rd day till reaches peak at 28th day post vaccination then start to decline. Whereas the peak titers for antibodies were reported at the 28th day post vaccination. Indeed, the study reports the ro...

Mohamed M. Mashaly1, Ayman H. El-Deeb2, Momtaz A. Shahein1, Hussein A. Hussein2

...f recent LSDV isolate to determine the culture
properties of recent LSDV isolated from skin nodule that could be useful in the attempts to develop
more effective LSDV vaccine and diagnostic purposes.
Methods: In order to isolate the LSDV MDBK continuous cell line was used for six serial passages.
The obtained LSDV isolate was molecularly identified and deposited to the GenBank accession
number of MN27...

Samah A. Mokbel, Eman A. Ahmed, Hanan F. El-Kammar, Ahmed A. Kheder

...pathogen, as well as, to determine some morphometric parameters
such as upper and lower epidermis thickness, midrib thickness, blade thickness, palisade tissue
thickness, spongy tissue thickness, height and width of the vascular bundle.
Results: Phylogenetic analysis results indicated that SEA-CMV-isolate under study (acc. no.
MT491996) closely related (99.9%) to Beet-EG-CMV-isolate (JX826591), isolated from suga...

Moazama Batool1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Huma Naz3, Mubashar Hussain4, Sadia Maalik1, Sajida Mushtaq1, Tanveer Ahmed5 and Laiba Shafique6

...c growth rate (SGR) were determined. The control fish (unstressed) had significantly higher WG followed by Cr and Cd test mediums. The FI by C. marulius was significantly higher as 12.83±0.07 g in Cr followed by Cd (12.14±0.05 g) and control (9.57±0.364) medium. However, FI by W. attu was higher in control (15.30±0.40) followed by Cr (13.08±0.06) and Cd (11.98±0.03) exposed mediums. The cumulative FI by W. attu was gre...

Muhammad Nasir1, Muhammad Usman Asif2*, Abdul Hayee Abid1, Qurat ul Ain Haneef1 and Muhammad Awais2

...TL) for each tehsil were determined weekly, and then the combined infestation was calculated at the district level. The results showed that the weather conditions, during all the three years, had a significant impact on the insect pest abundance. The maximum percentage of whitefly hot spots ranged in line from 8.36-24.14% during three years study period followed by mealybug (6.71-11.79%), jassid (4.56-7.22%), thrips (1.36-6.22%), pink bollworm (0.99-5.42%) and...
Ramazan Erdogan1*, Mikail Tel2, Vedat Cinar2 and Ragip Pala2
...aim of this study was to determine the effect of exercise on levels of fatty acid synthesis (FAS), zinc-α2-glycoprotein (ZAG), adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL), glucose transporter-4 (GLUT-4) and insulin receptor substrate-1 (IRS-1) in adipose tissue of rats fed on zinc picolinate supplement diet. A total of 42 male 8-week-old Wistar albino rats were randomly divided into 6 groups, each of seven; Control (C), Zinc picolinate (ZP), Chronic exercise (CE)...

Ibadullah Jan1*, Iqbal Munir2, Inamullah Khan3, Syed Muhammad Suhail4 and Aqib Iqbal2

...ity. As a result, it was determined that Dosiflavone is healthy in terms of mortality rate (up to 300 mg/kg). It is concluded that Dosiflavone has promising anti-inflammatory, anti-pyretic, and analgesic activity along with no toxicity at the higher dose. It is considered safe, however, needs further lead optimization through computational predictions, and using suitable animal models to address its pharmacokinetic behaviour and to improve its therapeutic effi...

 Yongmin Li1,2, Huabin Zhang1, Xiaoyou Wu1, Dongwei Li 2, Peng Yan1 and Xiaobing Wu1*

...e="font-size: small;">We determined the complete mitochondrial (mt) genome of Rhacophorus dennysi (family Rhacophoridae). The R. dennysi mitogenome (18,052 bp) contained the 37 genes and a single control region (CR) typically found in neobatrachian mtDNAs. In the new mt genome, the ND5 gene and a TLPF tRNA cluster (tRNAThr, tRNALeu(CUN), tRNAPro and tRNAPhe) were located between the CR and...

Dilan Ozmen Ozgun1, Gonca Alak2, Arzu Ucar2, Sinan Bilginer3, Halise Inci Gul3, Mahmut Kocaman2, Cem Yamalı3, Veysel Parlak2, Muhammed Atamanalp2, Ahmad Maslat4 and Telat Yanık2*

...ological parameters were determined in rainbow trout. For this purpose, rainbow trout alevins were exposed to 0, 0.25, 0.5, 1 and 2.5 mg/L of B4 and 1 ml of DMSO for 96 hours. Blood samples were collected for hematological analyzes and mortalities were recorded daily. Exposure to B4 caused significant changes in antioxidant enzymes of gill and liver of alevins (p<0,05). Catalase, superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase activities were decrease...

Jie Gao1, Guannan Wang1, Chuang Zhou1, Megan Price2, Jinnan Ma1, Xiaohong Sun1, Benping Chen3, Xiuyue Zhang2 and Bisong Yue1*

.... Therefore, we aimed to determine F. cinereiceps’ mitogenome and investigate its phylogenetic relationships within the babblers and superfamily Sylvioidea. F. cinereiceps’ mitogenome is typically circular, 16,969 bp in size with a rich A+T content (52.7%), 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), 22 tRNAs genes, 2 rRNA genes, a control region (CR) and a non-coding region (NC). We found strong support for F. cinereiceps being placed wit...
Song Jiang1,2,3, Ming-ge Zhuang1,2,3, Fa-lin Zhou1,2, Qi-bin Yang1, Jian-hua Huang1, Li-shi Yang1 and Shi-gui Jiang1*
...study was carried out to determine the feasibility of Pheretima tschiliensis as a replacement of traditional bait to accelerate the maturity of parent shrimps of Penaeus monodon, which was verified by the dynamics of vitellogenin gene expression in hepatopancreas and ovary of P. monodon. The parent shrimps fed on four different diets including commercial parent shrimps feed (Diet A), Pheretima tschiliensis combination bait (Diet B),...

Sana Javeid* and Khalid Nawab

...h study was conducted to determine poverty levels of apple orchard growers and association of different extension services with poverty in district Bagh, Azad Jammu and Kashmir (AJ&K). Primary data from 306 respondents were collected using multistage simple random sampling techniques. The data were collected using an interview schedule; analysis were carried out by using cross-tabulation, frequency counts, percentages through Statistical Package for Social...
Nabila Kousar1, Tanzeela Riaz2, Anum Feroz1, Abdul Rauf Shakoori3 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...t study was conducted to determine the LC50 of deltamethrin and diatomaceous earth (DE) alone and in different combinations i.e., 0.5:01, 01:0.5 and 1:1 against 4th instars of insecticide resistant populations of Trogoderma granarium collected from godowns of Gujranwala (GUW), D.G. khan (DGK), Okara (OKR), Lahore (LAB-S) and Layyah. The LC50 values of deltamethrin against 4th instar larvae of GUW, DGK, OKR, La...
Pengfei Liu*, Xuexue Qin and Fei Shang
...of these two species. We determined the breeding time, reproductive success and nesting characteristics through field works, our results revealed highly difference in nest height above the ground and different preference for nesting plants between the two species. However, the nest predation rate and breeding success were not different significantly. Our study suggested that the space segregation of nesting site contribute to the extensive stable coexistence o...

Khalid Mehmood1*, Abdul Rehman2 and Ammara Khan1

...t model was estimated to determine the factors affecting the adoption of improved groundnut varieties. The empirical findings suggested that the input elasticity of production of improved groundnut varieties was greater than that of conventional ones. Most of the farmers considered the improved varieties superior to the conventional ones in respect of their yield, pod size and marketing, and inferior in respect of their taste, local adaptability, and pest tole...

Miloudi Hilali1*, Hanae El Monfalouti1, Larbi El Hammari2, Farid Amar3, Zakaria Mennane4, Malika Haddam5, Nadia Maata6 and Badr Eddine Kartah1

... the village women, thus determines maturity for them, is not a scientific criterion, but a specific period of time or a particular season. The aim of present study was to determine the optimal olive harvest time, this study was carried out in the circle of Massmouda region in the city of Ouezzane northern Morocco. It was made in order to evaluate the influence of ripening on the olive oil chemical composition. To carry out ...

M. Azam, Iqtidar Hussaian*, Ghazanfar ullah, A.A. Khakwani, M.S. Baloch, K. Waseem, M. Amjed Nadeem and M.K. Javaid 

...t is need of the hour to determine suitable transplanting time for rice in this changing climate scenario to have better yield. The experiment was conducted to study the response of transplanting dates and seedlings densities on fine rice variety “Super Basmati” at Agronomic Research Farm, Faculty of Agriculture, Gomal University, Dera Ismail Khan during 2017. The experiment was laid out in a Randomized complete block design with three replications...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

...sons models were used to determine stability. Considering the Eberhart and Russell’s approach G.27, G.34, G.11, G.17, Siran and G.35 for tillers m-2 and G.22, G.23, G.31 for kernel weight had the bi (regression coefficient) values near to unity and had higher (coefficient of determination) Ri2. Based on the stability measure of Freeman and Perkin’s genotypes G.20, G.6 and G.29 for tillers m-2, G.11, G.10, G.34 for grains spike-1 and G.11, G.24, G.2...
Tanzeela Riaz1, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Syed Shahid Ali2 and Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem1
...e periods (24-120 h) was determined. Two populations of khapra beetle used in this research possessed different levels of susceptibility to phosphine. Based on LC50 one population was termed as a susceptible population (never exposed to phosphine previously) while the other was a tolerant population (having a history of phosphine fumigation for 13 years). The LC50 of 4th larval instar of susceptible and tolerant populations was...
Ahmet Arpacık
...oot diameter values were determined as 136.27±29.25, 102.30±17.19, and 62.23±10.37 μm in C. lupus, C. aureus, and V. vulpes. Based on the one-way analysis of variance, significant differences were identified in both hair length and diameter, medullary diameter and index, and hair root diameter values among the three species (P <0.05).
...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...t method for bird census determined the baseline for 56 species (birds/10 min) indicating a significant change in native avian composition. PCA analysis showed four clusters based on the nature of habitat and species behavior. Agriculture land was found to be the highest (H’= 3.394) and landfill the lowest (H’= 1.414) in biodiversity. However, landfill site registered the most number of birds (>9000). Among twenty species recorded at the landfil...
Kanwal Haneef1,2, Rakhshinda Habib1,3, Nadia Naeem1,3 and Asmat Salim1,*
... the present study is to determine the fusion potential of SCF transfected MSCs and cardiomyocytes (CMs). Rat bone marrow MSCs were transfected with SCF through retroviral system and co-cultured with rat CMs. Co-culture of SCF transfected MSCs and CMs have shown increased number of fused cells (P < 0.05) as compared to that in case of normal MSCs. This study suggests a potential role of SCF in enhancing the fusion potential of MSCs which may possibly improv...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5

Muhammad Waheed* and Dost Muhammad

... Moreover, only labile P determined at 10th week of germination and similarly leaf [P] at this stage showed significant correlation with plant growth. These results concluded that enrichment of composting material with P can enhance the bio-available P to plant and cab boost up the plant growth in calcareous soils. 

...
Chaochao Hu1,2, Xue Xu1, Wenjia Yao1, Wei Liu3, Deyun Tai1, Wan Chen4 and Qing Chang1*
...ive of this study was to determine the complete mitogenome sequence of H. ostralegus, and illustrating mitogenomes structure and investigating their evolutionary relationship by comparing 31 species in Charadriiformes.The complete mitochondrial genome of H. ostralegus is a circular molecule of 16,798 bp in length and the overall nucleotide composition of H-strand was A: 31.45%, T: 23.46%, C: 31.30%, G: 13.79%. In Charadriiformes mitogenomes, AT s...
Arsalan Khan1*, Navid Anjum2, Muhammad Shuaib Khan3, Shakeeb Ullah3
Ali Zaman3, Kamran Safdar3, Khalid Muhammad3, Ambrina Tariq4
Muhammad Inam Malik3, Muhammad Kamal Shah3, Atiq ur Rehman3 
and Hamza Maris3
...s crude tick vaccine was determined in terms of reduction in tick number. Control of ticks and the clinical efficacy of the prepared vaccine were determined on the basis of number of ticks infesting the vaccinated and control group over 01-month period, post vaccination. The results revealed that physically the number of ticks were significantly reduced (P<0.05%) using crude larval extract vaccine (78.4%) than standard ac...
Ayman Balla Mustafa1, Abdalla Elgenaidi1, Aldukali Alkeskas1, Asim Faraz2,*, Ahmed Eisa Elhag3, Mohanad Bashari4 and Bernard Faye5
...A study was conducted to determine the impact of parity order on nutrition values of camel milk overall four months postpartum under modern system. Eight she-camels were selected immediately after calving and assigned to two equal groups, early lactation (GY) and mid lactation (GD). Both groups were managed together at the same environmental conditions under intensive system. Collection of milk samples started at second week postpartum and continued biweekly i...
Liping Liu and Pengfei Liu*
...re between two sexes. We determined the sex and age through plumage coloration and measured 6 body measurements of each bird in 122 Brambling Fringilla montifringilla individuals in a wintering roost, which were captured randomly with mist nets. We found both the sex ratios of juveniles and adults were male-biased in this roost, which possible originated from different migrating strategies with sex and age. Culmen length, wing length and tail length of male is...
Yuzhou Luo1, Ping Wang1, Kaijun Yu2*, Song Luo3 and Longjie Sun4
...on. Our objective was to determine and verify a high performance algorithm to correlate the sleep stages with respective stages of breath sound signals. The algorithm was designed for breath sound signals and was tested with several all-night days data acquired with our laboratory-made sleep monitoring system. Furthermore, a commercial system was compared for validating the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. This work is the first study that successfully us...
Aqsa Shahid1, Saima Muzammil1, Farhan Rasheed2,Bilal Aslam1, Muhammad Akhtar Ali3, Syed Zohaib Haider4, Masroor Ellahi Babar4, Muhammad Saeed1, Umair Waqas1 and Mohsin Khurshid1,*
... the aminoglycosides was determined by the Kirby-Bauer method and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to aminoglycosides was evaluated by the broth microdilution method. Moreover, the armA genes were studied by PCR followed by Sanger sequencing. The isolates showed a high rate of resistance to cephalosporins, carbapenems, aminoglycosides, and fluoroquinolones whereas colistin and tigecycline were the most active antimicrobial agents against A. bau...
Niaz Muhammad1, Samina Yasin1, Zunaira Fatima1, Noor ul Ain1, 
Muhammad Faizan2 and Sadaf Naz1*
... This study was aimed to determine the common variants of FGFR3 in one inherited, and eighteen sporadic cases of achondroplasia from Pakistan. Sanger sequencing analysis of FGFR3 exon 9 revealed that more than 90%cases had the c.1138G>A p.(Gly380Arg) variant. Our results suggest that c.1138G>A variant is the most common cause of achondroplasia in Pakistan, a finding which is similar to that reported for achondroplasia patients from other co...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4
...lium sativum L.). To determine the influence of elevation and soil abiotic factor to abundance and diversity of plant parasitic nematode in garlic crops, this research was conducted Sampling  was carried out in four locations: Brebes, Magelang, Tegal and Temanggung, Central Java, Indonesia. Samples of soil, roots and tubers were collected. Soil abiotic factors are taken measurements such as pH, temperature, and organic matter. The altitudes are measur...
Nazish Huma Khan1*, Mohammad Nafees2, Tooba Saeed3, Khaliq Ur Rahman4 and Adila Bashir2
 
...text, this study aims to determine the organization’s role in record keeping and solid waste management in the Hayatabad Industrial Zone, Peshawar. To this end, a questionnaire survey was carried out among 105 industries and relevant government departments were interviewed. The solid waste generation rate for the operating industries was 125,481 kg/ day. Only 33% of the waste generated is reused, and 26% is sold to the community at low cost. About 41% so...
Bushra Shaikh, Sadia Muniza Faraz*, Syed Riaz un Nabi Jafri, Syed Usman Ali
...localization of robot is determined by the path acquired during the random maneuvering on the grid based maze, whereas, the shortest path to the target position is determined by estimating x and y coordinates. The algorithm interprets the map of the environment, expressed by grid based model and generates an optimal or near optimal path. The proposed algorithm is demonstrated by simulation studies using MATLAB and VREP. The ...

Najam-un-Nisa1, Ruqia Bibi1, Balqees Riaz1, Bushra Khalil1, Iqra Maheen1, Saima1, Uzma Islam Khan1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...ive of this study was to determine the bird species composition, species diversity, species richness, species evenness and status of bird species.

...

Amir Muhammad Khan1, Laila Fayyaz2*, Raziuddin2, Sajid Ali1, Israr-ud-Din1, Sheraz Ahmad2, Haidar Ali1 and Ijaz Ahmad2

...dible oil production. To determine diversity within this specie, ten different genotypes of B. napus L. including Chinese (CA-2, CA-4, CA-5) and doubled haploid lines from a population were field-tested at the University of Agriculture, Peshawar (UAP). Genotypes were examined for seven morphological traits including days to flowering, primary branches mainstem-1, plant height, main raceme length, pods mainraceme-1, pod length, 1000-seed weight and three seed q...
Muhammad Mansha1*, Sidra Yaqub1, Asma Abdul Latif2, Muhammad Wasim3 and Peter C. Thomson4
...x;">HER2/neu levels were determined by ELISA from 52 patients and 37 age-matched control women. The results of survey study showed that “premature termination of pregnancy” emerges as a potential risk factor of breast cancer. Number of pregnancies has significant association with premature termination of pregnancies (P = 6 × 10–11). The regression coefficient for numbe...
Meiping Deng1, Xiaowen Ye1, Jiashan Wu1, Lijuan Chen1, Xiaoxia Jiang1, Changzheng Zhang1, Peiling Zhou1* and Yi Luo2*
... This study was aimed to determine the role of arecoline on systemic blood pressure (BP) modulation and the modulatory characteristics. After rats were anaesthetized, saline or arecoline was intravenously administrated, and the systemic BP signals were recorded. We calculated the reaction times, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the maximum changes in MAP, and the area under the curve (AUC; MAP change relative to the reaction time) due to arecoline stimulation...
Muhammad Javed Iqbal1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Khalid Abbas1 and Muhammad Shahid2
...ditional inert marker to determine the digestibility of nutrients. The results from present study were demonstrated that the dietary P/E ratio significantly affects digestibility of protein, lipid and gross energy. In addition, the interactions of protein and energy significantly (p < 0.05) affected the digestibility of crude proteins, lipids, gross energy however, no significant (p > 0.05) effect was observed in digestibility of dry matter and ash. The ...

 Song Jiang1,2, Xianbin Mo1,2, Falin Zhou2,3, Jianhua Huang2,3, Qibin Yang2,3, Lishi Yang2,3 and Shigui Jiang2,3*

...eriment was conducted to determine the effects of two fish meal protein level diets (Diet A and Diet B) on the growth and survival rates of 36 families of Penaeus monodon. The results showed that significant differences were observed in the weight gain of different P. monodon families fed with the same diet(P<0.05). The AGR (absolute weight gain rate) of the fastest weight gain families was 97.16% and 95.46% higher than that of the slowest weight gain famil...
Zheng Yan1,2,*, Shuang Liu2, Ai-Qing Liu2 and Hai-Yan Wang2
...in skin tissue were also determined. The results indicated that the oral administration of elastin peptide greatly improved the skin elasticity, accompanying with significantly upregulated expression of hyaluronic acid and hydroxyproline. In addition, the contents of collagen in animal skin were also significantly increased, especially Type III and IV collagen. However, the effects induced by elastin peptide did not show a dose-response relationship. In conclu...

Suhu Duan, Zaiqiang Li, Zhenzhen Fan, Mengran Qin, Xiaoxue Yu* and Liuan Li*

...-6/n-3 PUFA in yolk were determined by gas chromatography with 24 eggs randomly selected from each group on the 10th, 25th and 40th day after start of the treatment. The results showed that on 10th, 25th and 40th day, the contents of α-linolenic acid (ALA, C18:3n3) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, C22:6n3) were significantly increased in yolk of 6% and 15% seed group (P < 0.05). On...
Dilek Şahin1*, Meryem ÖZ2, Orhan Aral2, Mehmet Bahtiyar2 and Selda Taşçi2
...coloring parameters were determined at the end of 60th day of the study. The best growth parameters were recorded in the T9 group. The best weight gain, specific growth rate and feed conversation ratio values occurred at 0.815 g, 0.462 % and 0.86, respectively were observed in the group fed with 9% of purslane extract. The survival rate parameters indicated no death in any experimental group of goldfish fry. The purslane extract had a positive effec...
Ou-Mei Hao1*, Xue-Feng Wang1, Zhi-Jun Yue1, Chun-Hong Nan1,Yan Yu1,Tong Zhang2,Yu-Feng Liu3 and Xue Zhao1
...nges in lung tissue were determined by hematoxylin and eosin. The levels of cytokines in lung tissues were assessed by Immunohistochemistry staining and Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR assays were performed to explore the effects of QZZKF on the expression of surfactant protein A (SP-A), B7 homolog 3 protein (B7-H3), interleukin (IL)-12 and IL-13. The expression levels of B7-H3 and IL-13 were upregulated after MPP infection in the mouse model (P<0.05), whi...
Muhammad Farhan Qadir1, Xin-Yu Han1, Meng-li Qiao1, Qian-qian Cheng1
Raza Ali Mangi1, Ali Raza Jahejo1, Afrasyab Khan1, Yu-hai Bi1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1*
...niques were performed to determine the expression levels of apoptosis-related genes including Bax, Bcl-2 BAG-1, BAG-3 and STAT3 in H9N2 infected erythrocytes of chickens for incubation time intervals of 0, 2, 6 and 10 h. The expression of all the genes related to apoptosis were significantly up-regulated at different time periods, except of Bcl-2 which was significantly down-regulated at 6 and 10 h of infection. To conclude, there are alterations in expression...

Kemi Funmilayo Omotesho1*, Philip Akintunde Fatodu1 and Toyin Benedict Ajibade2

...ledge of record keeping; determined their intentions towards keeping farm records; and identified the constraints to farm record keeping. A three-stage random sampling technique was used to select 178 youth farmers on whom a structured interview schedule was administered. Data was analyzed using descriptive statistics and the Multiple Regression Analysis. Results reveal that most of the respondents were male (73.6%), with mean age of 28 years and average of 12...

Shahid Ali1*, Murtaza1, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2, Aftab Khan3, Hamdullah1 and Syed Attaullah Shah1

...on in production process determine the level of output in agriculture. This study therefore attempted to investigate determinants of rice yield in central Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A random sample of 275 rice growers was selected from district Swabi, using a multi-stage random sampling procedure. Pre-tested interview schedule was used for collection of data from rice growers. Through Cobb-Douglas type production function (CDPF) data was analyzed. Results i...

Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1

...ng in their qualities as determined in the laboratory by Average Score Per Texon (ASPT) as well as water conductivity. For most sites the body mass distributions were skewed towards smaller body sizes with another apparent mode for large size class. Contrary Kernel Density Estimates (KDE) for body mass spectra revealed marked differences in modalities among the sites. The distributions of body masses in cleanest and polluted sites were inversely related with w...

Nazeer Ahmed Lashari1*, Saghir Ahmed Sheikh2, Aijaz Hussain Soomro2 and ShamsuddinTunio3

...age . The study aimed to determine the physical attributes and baking quality of two coarse (IR-6 and DR-82) and two aromatic (Basmati-385 and Lateefy) rice varieties grown in Pakistan along with their packaging effects and storage circumstances. Study was carried out at Sindh Agriculture University Tando Jam at IFST, Pakistan. White rice was produced by dehulling the paddy through stake Sheller, the samples were dried at 25±2 °C for 24 hours and ke...
Suherman Suherman1*, AndhiniPutri Trianita1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1 and Wea Aanisah Mentari Putri2
...ions. This study aims to determine the effect of freeze-drying time (t) and pressure (P) on mass balance and characteristics of dried mango slices produced through treatments based on time 13 h and 17 h and pressure 25 Pa, 30 Pa, and 35 Pa, with temperature constant -50 oC. Freeze-dried mango was calculated for mass balance and analyzed for water content, color, and hedonic test. The mass balance yield was around 82.47 % of the product wasted during...

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1

... of Surhan-2012 was also determined. The mutated variety showed 9.7% increase in its oil content and novel fatty acid profile which was comparatively higher than the commercial check variety. It was also tolerant against insect pest and diseases including Alternaria blight, powdery mildew, downy mildew and white rust. The agronomic study suggested that this mutant stain (R00-125/14) best fits in the existing cropping system and agronomic package of technology....
Ikechukwu Eugene Onah*, Ifeoma Esther Aniaku, Jude Ifeanyi Okwor and Ada Sylvester Haruna
...eters of C. albus determined in this study are higher in females than in the males but the mean plasma biochemistry parameters are not significantly different between the sexes (p > 0.05). A total of 388 crows comprising 276 (71.13%) and 112 (28.87%) from food and water sources respectively were recorded in the study. The population of pied crows in food sources were significantly higher than the population in water sources (p < 0.05). Of the 400 ...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3,  Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
...in wild-animals remain undetermined.
...
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...ive of this study was to determine the prevalence of six common β-thal mutations, their frequency, consanguinity in parents and inheritance pattern in patients of Karak region, Khyber Pakhunkhwa (KP) province, Pakistan. During the study, 200 peripheral blood samples were collected both from families having at least one transfusion dependent child and sporadic patients from different areas of karak region. Using the amplification refractory mutation system...

Mubeen Zahra1,2, Muhammad Nawaz3, Muhammad Umer Chattha4, Imran Khan4, Muhammad Bilal Chattha5*, Muhammad Ashraf Bhatti6, Abdul Rehman4, Faryal Ahmed4, Faran Muhammad4, Mina Kharal7 and Muhammad Umair Hassan4

...nt study was executed to determine the impact of drought on growth and yield of different wheat cultivars. The study was comprised of early drought treatment such as I0 (control), I1 (fist irrigation 30 days after sowing), I2 (first irrigation 45 days after sowing) and I3 (first irrigation 60 days after sowing) and wheat cultivars Faisalabad-2008 (standard height and low tillering), Td-1 (low height and low tillering) and Galaxy-2013 (standard height and high ...

Muhammad Usman Hanif, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad, Muhammad Irfan Ullah

...ratory work was aimed to determine the comparative toxicity of three differential-chemistry insecticides (i.e. emamectin benzoate 1.9 EC, spinosad 240 EC and lufenuron 50 EC) and the aqueous extracts of three local plant species (i.e. Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehn., Citrus limon L. and Azadirachta indica A. Juss) against the grubs and adults of E. vigintioctopunctata. Three concentrations of each synthetic insecticide (i.e. 2.5, 2 and 1.5%) and botanical extra...

Yaregal Tilahun1*, Benyam Tadesse1, Getachew Mekonnen2  and Tilahun Bekele3

...cy of tea production was determined by to level of education, the interaction of extension contact, distance to district market, harvesting time, training, and participation to off/non-farm income. So, improving the skill and knowledge of farmers through increasing extension service and training, on-time delivery of farm inputs, create market linkage, and improved tea nursery management were some of the suggestions made to alleviate the study areas’ tea ...
Junli Liu1, Tongfang Yang2 and Lisheng Wu3*
...e cloning experiments to determine cell survival and colony formation, flow cytometry to measure apoptosis, and quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) to assay LINC00857 and miR-340 expression. Bioinformatics and dual luciferase reports analyzed the targeting relationship between LINC00857 and miR-340. Cells were transfected with pcDNA3.1-LINC00857 or anti-miR-340, and treated with homoharringtonine to observe their effects on U2OS protein ...

Nawab Khan1, Ram L. Ray2, Muhammad Ihtisham3*, Badar Naseem Siddiqui4*, Muhammad Khayyam5, Raheel Anjum6 and Simplice A. Asongu7

...strict of Balochistan to determine the socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production practices in 2019. This study selected Ziarat district to investigate socioeconomic determinants of the awareness and adoption of apple production because it is located in the center of the high apple-growing districts in northern Balochistan. A sample of 120 respondents was selected through multi-stage-random sampling from two tehsils (Sinjawi a...

Syeda Shazia Bokhari, Aisha Waheed Qurashi*, Roheela Yasmeen*, Fouzia Yasmeen, Nabeela Nayab, Uzma Rafi

...E. auranticum (EPF1) was determined in terms of bacterial cell surface hydrophobicity and auto-aggregation assay. Highest percentage hydrophobicity values of the strain EPF1 were recorded with toluene (84 %) as compared to other organic solvents such as chloroform (58 %) and xylene (63%). Auto-aggregation response of E. auranticum EPF1 was highest at fifth hour of culture incubation. Qualitative analysis of exopolysaccharides (EPS) in congo red supplemented Br...
Khanitta Ruangwittayanusorn1, Doungnapa Promket1*, Kamonnate Pimrueng1, Jennarong Kammongkun2
... of the research were to determine the association of Dopamine Receptor D2 type (DRD2) and Vasoactive Intestinal Peptide (VIP) on egg production in 281 high egg strain of Pradu Hangdum Chiangmai chickens (HPHC). PCR-RFLP protocols were used to identify polymorphisms of both genes. The frequencies of TT, TC and CC genotypes of DRD2 were 0.05, 0.40, and 0.55, respectively. The frequencies of T and C alleles of DRD2 were 0.25 and 0.75,...

Md. Sanjid Hasan1, A K M Humayun Kober1, Eaftekhar Ahmed Rana2, Md Saiful Bari1,3,4* 

...l study was conducted to determine the association of udder lesions with Subclinical Mastitis (SCM) in dairy cows of Chattogram Metropolitan Area (CMA) and Patiya Upazila of Chattogram district during the period from December 2017 to May 2018. For this, 264 milk samples and 155 swab samples were collected from 50 different dairy farms available in CMA and Patiya Upazila. A pretested questionnaire was implemented during sample collection for identifying the ass...

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3 

...ce of hydatidosis and to determine the fertility of hydatid cysts among some ruminants (both local and imported breeds of cattle, sheep, and goats) slaughtered in the abattoirs in Dhamar Province-Yemen. The samples were collected from the Central Corporation Slaughterhouse in Dhamar-Yemen from January 2019 to November 2020. During this period, a total of 29,071 and 5,705 samples were collected from local and imported food animals respectively. The results of a...
Amr N. El-Shahat1, Refaat G. Hamza1,*, Ashraf M. Mounir1 and Madeha N. Al-Seeni2
...nt study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of graviola fruit juice (GFJ) against radiation induced oxidative stress and biochemical alterations in the liver and kidney of male albino rats.In the present study, gamma- irradiation (2 Gy every 3 days up to 8 Gy total doses) induced biochemical and oxidative damage in rats when compared to control group. In GFJ (10ml/Kg B Wt. /day) treated irradiated group, there were noticeable decreases r...
Syed Sikandar Habib1*, Saira Naz2, Sadia Nawaz1, Iqra Ameer1, Ameer Khatoon1, Hameed Ur Rehman3, Sahibzada Muhammad Jawad4 and Haider Ali5
...nt study was designed to determine the hematological parameters of farm and river Chenab (wild) selected fish species including (Labeo rohita, Cirrhinus mrigala, Cyprinus carpio, Hypophthalmichthys molitrix, Ctenopharyngodon idella). Fish species selected for the current study is generally widely cultured in Pakistan and worldwide. Fish sampling was done by using different nets (river and farm) and blood sampling was immediately drawn from caudal pedunc...
Jarosław Pytlewski1, Ireneusz R. Antkowiak1 and Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska2*
...aits. Relationships were determined between the genetic variants of the three polymorphic sites of the PIT-1 gene and the following rearing parameters: body weight at birth, body weight at weaning on day 270, daily weight gain from birth to weaning, age at first calving and body weight after first calving. The frequency of alleles of the analysed loci was: T =0.2887 and G =0.7913 (IVS4-39G>T), A =0.1087 an...

Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Chinelo Charity Eze1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Damian Ejike Agbo1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*

...Plaque assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacteriophage on the lawns of the Pseudomonas sp. The host range of the isolated bacteriophages was also assessed. Cultural characteristics and biochemical tests confirmed the Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates. The bacterial isolates were sensitive to only ciprofloxacin. The Multi Antibiotic Resistance Indexes (MARI) of the isolated strains were greater than 0.8. The formation of plaques (clear zone) on the ...

Noha M. El-Shabrawy1, Atef M. Kamel2, Aza S. Goda1, Gehad R. Donia1, Ahmed M. Salah-Eldein2* 

... the present study is to determine the preferable tissue and bird that can be used as a bio-indicator for heavy metals pollution in El-Salam Canal which is considered as an important source of water for land irrigation and drinking of livestock in north Sinai, Egypt. A total of 58 wild birds belonging to 4 different species; Egyptian barn swallow (Hirundo rustica), house sparrow (Passer domestics), great white egret (Ardea alba) and striated heron (Butorides s...

Qurban Ali1, Muhammad Faheem Akhtar1, Asad Aslam1*, Muhammad Shehzad2, Muhammad Jamal2, Humaira Malik1, Imran Nadeem1, Aqsa Abbas1, Muhammad Jawad Saleem1, Tamsila Nazir1 and Kanwal Hanif1

...mi-natural conditions to determine the host plant resistance of nine (09) chick pea advance genotypes viz., (K01211, K01216, K01241, K01242, K09012, KO1308, K014001, K014002, K-14003) and one (1) control (Noor). Antixenosis was calculated by counting the number of eggs per stem and antibioses was assessed by counting the number of infested leaves and survival rate of pest. The results revealed that H. armigera infestation started to appear during the second fo...

Prima Mei Widiyanti1*, Mirnawati B Sudarwanto2, Etih Sudarnika2, Raphaella Widiastuti1 

...lth. This study aimed to determine the heating effect of enrofloxacin antibiotic in milk. The milk samples spiked with enrofloxacin antibiotic were submitted to thermal treatments. The milk samples were analyzed using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) method. This study showed that no heating (control), heating at 72 oC for 15 seconds (high temperature short time pasteurization), and 89 oC for 1 second (higher heat shorter time pasteurization) did ...
Tabinda Urooj1,*, Bushra Wasim1, Shamim Mushtaq2, Syed Nudrat Nawaid Shah1, Lubna Faisal3, Moazzam Ali2, Nabeela Rasheed1 and Syed Faizan Ali Rizvi4
... study which is aimed to determine the risk factors associated with breast cancer such as patient’s demographic profile as well as reproductive risk factors. Moreover, we have also analyzed the clinical data of our study subjects based on which they were diagnosed as well as treated. Total n = 175 breast cancer cases were recruited in this study, out of which 121 (69.2%) patients were untreated (Group A). The remaining 54 (30.8%) patients, who received c...

Muhammad Iqbal Jakhro1*, Nadeem Sadiq1, Javed Ahmed Abro1, Amanullah1, Fateh Muhammad2, Maqbool Ahmed3, Syed Ishtiaq Ahmed Shah3 and Qasid Hussain4

...) saplings as well as to determine the soil physiochemical properties. One-year old Olive plants were applied with organic and inorganic mineral fertilizer application for six months. The results showed that in comparison to control, plants fertilized with T2 (N 50g/plant), T3 (P 25g/plant), T4 (K 25g/plant), T5 (NPK 50:25:25/plant), T6 (Biochar 2:2) and T7 (FYM 2:2) had significant results. The studied parameters which was height of plant, leaves per plant, b...

Ali Zohaib*, Muzzammil Hussain, Iftikhar Ahmad and Adnan Bashir

...d study was conducted to determine effect of seeding rate (80, 90, 100 and 110 g per tray) for preparing nursery mats of fine basmati rice on plant growth, grain yield and economic benefits. Seeding rate significantly affected the growth, yield and related traits of fine basmati rice. Increase in seeding rate from 80 to 110 g per tray successively increased number of plants per tray and per hill after transplanting while decreased the root length and root/shoo...

Mohammed Sirajul Islam1,2*, Nurhusien Yimer1*, Wahid Haron1 , Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1, Mark Hiew Wen Han1, Mamat-Hamidi Kamalludin3, Wan-Nor Fitri1, Ubedullah Kaka4, Abdul Quddus1,5 

...e at sexual maturity was determined by the time of semen ejaculation and quality. The results revealed significantly (p<0.05) greater body weight in KK × Brangus bulls (230.50±9.3 kg) as compared to the pure-bred KK bulls (204.5 ±13.2 kg) at 24 months of ages. KK bulls attained sexual maturity at an earlier age of 21.5±0.4 months, while KK × Brangus bulls attained at 28.8&plu...

K.M. Injarul Haque, Sharmeen Islam*, Md. Rokibul Islam Khan, Md. Ruhul Amin 

...ts (RC), and molasses to determine the physical and nutritional properties of silages. Silages were prepared in airtight plastic containers at ambient temperature according to the treatments T0 (0% RC), T1 (5% RC), T2 (10% RC), and T3 (15% RC) with 5% molasses as dry matter basis at 0, 14, 21, and 28 days, respectively. Results showed that the physical qualities (color, odor, and softness) of silages were improved in rumen content added treatments till 28 days...

Fang Zhao, Gen Wang, Xiaobin Li, Guodong Zhao, Hui Chen, Chen Ma and Kailun Yang*

...mine (5-HT), and MLT was determined. The plasma concentration of 5-HTP at 6, 8, and 10 h after feeding in the morning increased (P < 0.05) in response to RPT 5-HTP supplementation when compared with that at 0 h before feeding. The plasma concentration of Trp remained unchanged with RPT 5-HTP supplementation. However, the plasma concentration of 5-HT increased significantly in the sheep of CT + 222 group at 3, 4.5, 6, 8, and 12 h post feeding in the morning ...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Satria Ibnu Lenanto, Akhmad Dakhlan, Muhamad Dima Iqbal Hamdani 

... the research sample was determined by purposive sampling. The data were analyzed using the paternal half-sib correlation method. The observed variables included weaning weight and yearling weight. The results of this study showed that the average weaning weight of female Saburai goats in Sumberejo District was 16.4±2.0 kg, and the average weight for one year was 36.9±2.5 kg. The weaning weight and yearling weight of female Saburai goat has a gen...

Arkan B. Mohammed*, Ammar S. Abdulwahid, Samah M. Raouf 

...nts parameters were also determined at the end of the experiment. The results showed that the egg production and feed conversion ration were significantly improved in both thyme treatments (T2 and T3). Also, the PCV (%) and the WBC count. However, there was no significant difference in the egg quality between the thyme-treated and control hens. The hens on thyme-supplemented diets were found to have lower serum cholesterol concentration than those of the contr...

Keiven Mark B. Ampode1*, Federico C. Mendoza2 

...s study was conducted to determine the effects of oregano powder (OP) as phytobiotic feed additives on the growth performance and cell-mediated immunity of broiler chickens. A total of sixty-day-old Cobb-broiler chickens were used in the study and arranged in a Completely Randomized Design experimental set-up with four dietary treatments. Each treatment was replicated three times, having five birds in every replication. The experimental rations containing grad...

A.M. Abdul Azeem, Ashraf M. Mounir and Amr N. El-Shahat*

...pumpkin seeds as well to determine the hypoglycemic influence of γ-irradiated pumpkin seeds dried powder (GPSDP) on diabetic rats. In this work, the level of total phenolic and total flavonoid contents of raw dried pumpkin seeds was significantly increase under the effect of γ-irradiation (10 kGy). The results showed that glucose and testicular malondialdehyde serum level and the activity of xanthine oxidase were elevated (P < 0.05) with obvious...

Sadaf Shahid1, Abdul Razzaq2, Gul-Makai1, Asim Shamim3*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan4, Rana Hamid Ali Nisar5, Qaiser Akram6, Mohsin Nawaz3 

...Balochistan, Pakistan to determine the tick infestation in different breeds of goat and sheep. A total of 840 animals were investigated during the winter and summer seasons to determine ticks prevalence. The overall prevalence of tick infestation in the sheep and goat population of the Quetta district was 12.26%. Five species of ticks i.e. Ixodes (3.98%), Haemaphysalis (1.90%), Hyalomma (7.38%), Rhipicephalus (7.14%), and Bo...

Amjad Ali Channa1, Mansoor Tariq1*, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1, Nazeer Hussain Kalhoro2 

...s study was conducted to determine the prevalence of avian influenza H5, H7 and H9 viruses in broilers at Karachi, Pakistan. A total of 1920 samples, including each of 960 blood samples and tracheal swabs were collected from broilers and tested through hemagglutination inhibition (HI), AIV-ELISA and RT-PCR. The HI test revealed a significant (P<0.01) difference in the seroprevalence of H9 virus (40.11%), H5 virus (16.88%) and H7 virus (6.25%) respectively. ...

Ziyue Qin1, Ali Mujtaba Shah2, 3, Qing Zhu1, Yan Wang1, Diyan Li1, Gang Shu4, Yaofu Tian1 and Xiaoling Zhao1*

...lucose concentration was determined at 0, 10, 20, 40, 60, 120, and 180 min through small brachial blood vessels. As a result, the blood glucose of both group was increased immediately after being treated with glucose and reached peaks at 20 min, then recovered to the normal at 60 min. Birds treated with glucose had greater blood glucose concentration and area under the curve (AUC) in SG than those of FG (P > 0.05). Administration of insulin at 40 and 60 &mi...

Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*

 

...homa in dogs. To further determine the type of lymphoma, the H and E, and immunohistochemistry were done. The immunohistochemical test exposed the immunophenotype positive for CD79a. Finally, B-cell (CD79a) polycentric lymphoma was confirmed. This case report introduces the diagnostic methods of IHC and immunohistochemistry, rarely used in the diagnosis of lymphoma in clinical practice in China, which can provide a reference for veterinarians in clinical diagn...

Yuan Zhang1, Qingyue Han1, Peiquan Du1, Yi Lu1, Lianmei Hu1, Sadaqat Ali2, Khalid Mehmood2, Sajid Hameed2, Zhaoxin Tang1, Hui Zhang1* and Ying Li1*

 

...homa in dogs. To further determine the type of lymphoma, the H and E, and immunohistochemistry were done. The immunohistochemical test exposed the immunophenotype positive for CD79a. Finally, B-cell (CD79a) polycentric lymphoma was confirmed. This case report introduces the diagnostic methods of IHC and immunohistochemistry, rarely used in the diagnosis of lymphoma in clinical practice in China, which can provide a reference for veterinarians in clinical diagn...

Masouras P.K.1, Nikolaou K.1,2, Laliotis G.P.1*, Koutsouli P.1, Bizelis I.1 

... aim of the study was to determine meat quality characteristics on samples obtained from cattle reared for meat purposes in Greece and to investigate if any correlation between these characteristics, IMF and marbling exists. Thirty steak cuts (12th thoracic rib) obtained from carcasses of both sexes of three different group of breeds (Holstein, Greek Red breed, crossbreds) were used to determine color parameters (L*, a*, b*)...

Kubilay Ucar1, Görkem Oruk2 and Sait Engindeniz1*

...ns in Izmir. It has been determined that plum production and area will increase in the next five years. Within the scope of the research, cost and profitability of plum production for 2018 were calculated in Izmir province. The data of this paper is derived from Izmir Directorate of Provincial Agriculture and Forestry. Total production costs are determined as 4215.74 US$ ha-1 and variable costs as 1496.88 US$ ha-1. Net profi...

Ho Le Quynh Chau, Than Thi Thanh Tra, Duong Thi Huong, Du Thanh Hang, Le Thi Thu Hang, Vo Thi Minh Tam, Dinh Van Dung*, Ho Trung Thong 

...e study was conducted to determine the effects of different levels of dietary SID methionine on growth performance, carcass yield, meat quality, myogenic gene expression of two coloured chicken groups. A total of 480 one-day-old chicks (240 Ri hybrid and 240 Luong Phuong) of uniform body weight was divided into a 2 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments with four replicate cages of 20 chicks per treatment. Two factors include 2 chicken groups (Ri hybrid...
Indah Prihartini1*, Miftachi Ari2, Manar Fayiz Mousa Atoum3,4, Akhis Soleh Ismail1 and  Listiari Hendraningsih1
...al;">This study aimed to determine the effect of supplementation lignolitic probiotics in rice straw (Oryza sativa L.) on digestibility and efficiency of microbial protein synthesis using in vitro residual gas production and the optimal lignolitic probiotic in rice straw. The materials used were rice straw IR 64 cultivar and lignolitic TPG probiotic. The method used was Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with four levels of treatments and three gro...
Warkoyo Warkoyo1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Anggit Ayu Pradana Siwi1, Moch. Wachid1, Ivar Zekker2 and Jumpen Onthong3
 
 
... of this research was to determine the effect of glycerol (C3H8O3) and Sodium Tripolyphosphate (STPP) — Na5P3O10 concentrations on the physical and mechanical edible film. Randomized complete block design (RCBD) factorial was applied with three replications. The 1st factor was glycerol concentration (17.5, 22.5 and 27.5) % v/w and the 2nd factor was STPP concentration...

Martha Echioda Ogbole*, James Agbo Ameh, Samuel Mailafia, Olatunde Hamza Olabode and Bridget Jessica Adah

... study was undertaken to determine the annual prevalence, distribution and case fatality rate (CFR) of LF in Nigeria with a view to establish the disease burden and dynamics, and to guide a sustainable control plan. The LF weekly epidemiological reports were obtained from the Nigeria Center for Disease Control (NCDC) between January 2016 - January 2021. Positive cases were confirmed based on laboratory confirmation of LV- transcription polymerase chain reactio...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Hina Gohar1, Muhammad Asrar1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Azhar Rasul1, Majid Hussain3, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1, Nisar Ahmad4 and Aqsa Sharif1
...ysis and hematology were determined using standard methods and formulae. Highest minerals absorption (Ca, Na, K, Fe, Cu, P, Mg and Al) was observed in the fish fed at 400mg/kg of polyphenols in canola meal based diets. Similarly, best hematological parameters (RBCs, WBCs, PLT, Hb, PCV, MCHC, MCH and MCV) as well as proximate composition (crude protein, crude fat, ash, moisture and carbohydrates) were noted in fish group fed on 400mg/kg of polyphenols in diet. ...
Damat Damat1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Juris Burlakovs3, Zane Vincēviča-Gaile4
Devi Dwi Siskawardani1, Rista Anggriani1 and Anas Tain5
...alue. This study aims to determine the effect of the addition of various seaweed pulp concentrations and spice formulations on the characteristics of analog rice. Various formulas of concentrated seaweed pulp (5 g, 10 g, and 15 g) and spice formulations (onion, garlic, ginger, turmeric, and lemongrass) were applied, and a Randomized Block Design with three replications was used. Subsequently, observation variables included analysis of water content, ash, carbo...

Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1

...se and vector insect was determined. The minimum incidence of the disease was recorded in variety Advanta-1211 (13.85%) and Lima (18.85%) followed by T-1359 (23.30%), Early king (25.51%), TO-1057 (27.21 %), Advanta-1225 (29.41%). Minimum 1-rating score was recorded in Advanta-1211, Lima and T-1359 varieties. Significantly minimum number of whiteflies was recorded in variety Lima (2.3 whiteflies), Advanta-1209 (2.3 whiteflies), Kiara (2.4 whiteflies) followed b...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Tatyana Tabakaeva1, Anna Klimovich2, Michail Shchelkanov1, Eduard Kostetsky1, Maksim Aliev1, Anton Degtyarenko3 

... in the blood plasma was determined by ELISA. The total DNA and total RNA was extracted from the WBC. The cDNA was obtained using an mRNA matrix. Qualitative and quantitative analyses of FeLV in WBC as well as expression of genes of interest were conducted using real-time PCR (qPCR). Results. Cats with initial signs of leukaemic process activation in WBC showed the following: 1) enhanced FeLV replication activity, 2) reduced expression of the ifnα6, ifn&...

Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1

...geospatial technology to determine the most suitable sites for the development of Tilapia cage culture in Cross River State, Nigeria. A Geographic Information Systems (GIS) Multi-Criteria Evaluation (MCE) technique was applied using secondary data and considering factors such as elevation, land-use, accessibility (roads), river width, population density, distance from anthropogenic activities and climatic variables (temperature and rainfall intensity). The cri...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem, Reham R. El-Tanany and Adel E.M. Mahmoud*

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the effect of zeolite addition in comparison to sodium bicarbonate as a rumen buffer on the growth performance of lambs and nitrogen utilization. Thirty growing Barki lambs (live body weight 34±0.1kg, age: 6 months); divided into three groups (10 in each). Animal groups were randomly divided as follows: G1 (control group): lambs fed clover hay, concentrate feed mixture (CFM) plus sodium bicarbonate (1% of dry matter (D...

Riaz Shah1*, Shaikha Hilal Al Ismaili2, Sheikha S. Al-Siaby1, Amal Mohammed Al Nasiri2, Thuraiya Hafidh Al Maskari2, Jamal AlSabahi3 and Huda Al-Ruqaishi3

...aim of this study was to determine the chemical composition of essential oils extracted from commercially available fresh and dried organic or conventionally grown basil available in Oman. The essential oils from Omani and Indian fresh conventionally grown basil, fresh organic Belgian basil, dried organic Egyptian basil and dried conventionally grown UAE basil were extracted using advanced microwave extraction system. The essential oils chemical composition wa...
Muhammad Faisal Riaz1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1 and Talha Nazir2
...tural plants. This study determined the prevailing diversity of aphids on different economically important plantations in district Sargodha. From November to April 2018-2019 and 2019-2020, about 51,000 apterous adult aphid specimens were collected from various plantations from all six tehsils of district Sargodha and were identified up to species level. Richness and relative abundance of different aphid species were determine

Muhammad Tahir Jan1, Sarfraz Ali Shad2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3 and Muhammad Binyameen2,*

...pest scouting methods to determine the potential damage and to apply control measures for key pest like Earias vittella in cotton. Field experiments were conducted to assess the distribution of E. vittella eggs within the cotton plant. Out of 240 plants inspected, E. vittella females laid 204 and 194 eggs on 40.9% and 36.9%of the plants in 2011 and 2012, respectively. Spearman Rank Correlation showed that a significant and positive relationship (association) e...

Ramy S. Yehia1,3, Essam A. Shaalan2* and Hashem M. Al-Sheikh1 

... incubated for 7 days to determine LC50, 90 and EI50, 90. Joint action of these fungi with three botanical oils (celery, ginger and sesame) as well as influence of sublethal dose from both fungi on the larval development were also evaluated. B. bassiana was more potent than M. anisopliae in both larvicidal activity and inhibition of flies’ emergence. Blends from fungi and essential oils exhibited synergistic effect but fungi mixture produced antagonistic...

Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*

...studies, we were able to determine the number of BHV-1-infected yaks in the QTP, and to calculate the pooled prevalence. We ultimately identified 16 relevant studies (5737 total yaks), with a pooled BHV-1 infection prevalence rate of 38%, with the highest prevalence in Sichuan province and the lowest in Gansu province (58% and 18%, respectively). We found BHV-1 prevalence to be associated with both test time and method. Together, our results suggest that BHV-1...

Qaisra Siddique1*, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique1 and Qingyou Liu3

...iac) of Labeo rohita was determined. Fish was exposed for 60-day and sampling was done after 7-day. Results showed that the GST activity was considerably increased in L. rohita as compared to control. The GST activity was enhanced in various tissues (hepatic, brain, cardiac, gills, renal and muscle) of CPF treated fish as compared to control group. Comparison among different concentrations indicated that 1/3rd of LC50 caused greater increase in GST activity fo...

Mudassir Safdar, Aurang Zeb, Sidra Khalid, Shahid Bashir, Riffat Mehboob* and Muhammad Imran

...>This study was aimed to determine the effect of fortified wheat flour on the hemoglobin level of anemic hostel girls belonging to Abbottabad. In this interventional study, fortified wheat flour was provided to hostel kitchen for the study subjects. Blood hemoglobin concentrations and anthropometric measurements of all participating hostel girls (n=219) were determined initially (Day-0) and at the end of 4 months feeding per...
Soliman Mohammed Soliman
...airy cows. This aimed to determine the effects of three varieties of feed additives (green seaweed, probiotics Saccharomyces cerevisiae or Yucca schidigera) on in-vitro total gas and methane production, in-vivo rumen fermentation parameters, and milk production in dairy cows. Twenty Friesian cows were randomly allocated to four groups (five cows /group). All cows were fed TMR (total mixed rations). The first group was fed TMR withou...

Nuzhat Naseem, Sajid Abdullah and Sana Aziz*

...s study was performed to determine the impact on proximate composition of whole-body of Labeo rohita (fingerlings) fed distiller’s dried grains with solubles based diet, supplemented with phytase. Six different feeds were formulated by supplementing different concentrations of phytase. i.e. D1 without phytase supplementation, D2, D3, D4, D5 and D6 with 250, 500, 750, 1000 and 1250 FTU phytase per kilogram of diet, respectively. An experiment was conducte...

Tarık Bugra Saruhan and Alptug Sarı*

... Valley were tried to be determined starting from September 2019 to February 2021. In the study area with a total area of 158 km2, 62–days fieldwork was carried out. Direct and indirect observation methods were used in field studies. Direct observations were made by one or two-person using point and line observations, as well as using camera traps. In indirect observations, signs such as the jackal’s footprints, scats, etc. were used. As a result o...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Budi Hartono2, Suyadi2, Bambang Ali Nugroho2 

...e 

...

Rafiqul Islam1, Nasrin Sultana1*, Md. Abu Hadi Noor Ali Khan2 

...riglycerides levels were determined. The heart specimens were prepared for histomorphological examination after the gross morphologic and morphometric (weight, length, and width) examination. Results indicated that the DEX treated broilers had significantly higher serum cholesterol and triglyceride levels than the control broilers. In the gross morphologic and morphometric examination, the DEX supplemented groups showed varying degrees of congestion and signif...

Muhammad Rizwan, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed*, Muhammad Arshad

... Sargodha during 2017 to determine the population dynamics of D. mangiferae nymphs and adults on citrus plants. Results showed that the average population of mealybug nymphs (9.92 individuals per branch) and adults (14.55 individuals per branch) was higher in Bhalwal as compared to Kotmomin and Sargodha. The maximum population of nymphs (31.93 individuals per branch) was observed during April and the adult population was maximum (34.86 individuals per branch) ...

Sana Shakoor, Tahir Rehman Samiullah, Naila Shahid, Abdul Qayyum Rao*, Aneela Yasmeen, Sana Tahir, Ayesha Latif, Saira Azam, Ahmad Ali Shahid and Tayyab Husnain

... in immunogenic mice was determined through ELISA. The highest geometric mean titer of HA-specific serum IgG, which was greater as compared to the control.

...
El-Kholy, K.H.1*, Tag El-Din H.1, Seham N.E. Seleem1, A.M. El-Shhat2
...the present study was to determine the effect of in-ovo dipping of SV on the hatchability%, embryonic mortality, and internal and external of newly hatched ducklings. A total of 1560 fertile eggs used in the current experiment were obtained from Sudani ducks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the 1st group without any treatment and served as a control (C), the 2nd group was dipped into...
Tiara Widyaputri*, Aldryan Cristianto Pratama, Dian Vidiastuti, Yudit Oktanella
...BLAD carrier alleles and determine whether the polymorphism that appears in the CD18 gene by the PCR-RFLP method is related to the BLAD carrier allele in Friesian Holstein crossbreed dairy cows. A total of 60 samples of cow’s whole blood were collected and extracted and DNA isolated. DNA amplification was carried out using primer Forward (BLAD_F) 5’-TCAACGTGACCTTCCGGAGG-3’ and Reverse (BLAD_R) 5’-CCCAGATTCTTGACGTTGAC-3’. Amplifica...

Ly Thi Thu Lan1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1, Lam Thai Hung2, Nguyen Thi Hong Nhan3, Le Thanh Phuong4, Nguyen Trong Ngu3* 

...study was carried out to determine how ApoB2 gene polymorphisms are related to growth-related traits and carcass characteristics of Noi chickens. A total of 183 birds were examined in the study. Body weight was recorded individually at days 1, 35, 63, and 91, and carcass parameters were determined at 91 days for all chickens. For determining single nucleotide polymorphisms, the PCR-RFLP method was used with the help of AcyI ...

Muhammad F Tajol Ariffin1, Chai M Hian1, Muhammad Z Sukiman1, Mohd F Ghazali1, Siti M Zainal Ariffin2* 

...tion. This study aims to determine acute phase protein (APP) and its association with somatic cell count (SCC) during experimentally induced subclinical mastitis in goats. Thirty lactating goats were divided into two groups (n=15 per group) challenged either by intramammary infusion of 1 x 103 cfu/mL Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) or phosphate-buffered saline (control). The haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA) and α1-acid glycoprotein (AGP) levels ...

Hilaire S.S. Worogo*, Thierry O.T.L. Offoumon, Cham D.A. Alabi, Urbain Tchokponhoué, Yaya Idrissou, Alassan S. Assani, Fade Soule, Christophe Iwaka, Ibrahim Alkoiret Traoré 

...ance. This study aims to determine morphometric indices for selection and genetic improvement purposes. Body measurements and weights were collected from 108 animals (58 males and 50 females) reared at the Okpara Breeding Farm and ten zoometric indices were then determined. Statistical analyses were carried out using software R. The results obtained showed that sex has a significant effect on the Baron & Crevat index (p&...

Ahmed Abdel-Rady1,2, Walaa Mostafa3* 

... techniques were done to determine the presence of the eggs. Out of these, 104 animals were infected with strongyle eggs with (26%) prevalence. Sex, season, and age were the factors that affect the prevalence of trichostrongyle infection in this study. Data analysis reported that there was a significant effect for the season and sex on the trichostrongyle infection level; the highest nematode infection level was observed in the cold months (December-April) wit...

Hyun-Ju Cho1, Eun-Jae Lee2 and Shin-Jae Rhim3*

...ed to the patch size. We determined that understory coverage and the volume of coarse woody debris were the habitat variables associated with the A. agrarius population, while the corresponding variables associated with A. peninsulae population were suboverstory coverage, understory coverage, and the volume of coarse woody debris as preferred habitat variables. We found that patch size and habitat variables had major direct effects on small rodent populations....

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar*, Wael Mohamed Wafa, Moataz Ibrahim Badwy, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr 

...e current study aimed to determine the possible relationship between blood plasma (BP) proteins and seminal plasma (SP) proteins in low and high fertile buffalo-bulls. Also, the relationship between protein profile in BP of adult bulls and bull calves were studied. Blood samples were taken from 3 calves (128.33±7.58 kg and ageing 6 mo.) and 10 bulls (400±37.5 kg and 24-25 months of age) and semen samples from bulls. Semen was collected once a wee...

Husmaini1*, Riza Andesca Putra1, Indri Juliyarsi1, Tevina Edwin1, Linda Suhartati1, Aditya Alqamal Alianta1, Harmaini2 

...nd purposive sampling to determine the respondents. The observed variables were breeder profile, maintenance management, number of KBC, actual population (Na), effective population (Ne), and inbreeding rate. The total population of KBC in Nagari Batu Bajanjang, Tigo Lurah District is 1960, with an actual population of 610 chickens, an effective population of 600 chickens, and an inbreeding rate of 0.08%. The result showed the farmer’s profile 89.47% of r...

Taiwo Oladoye Akande*, Dayo Johnson Ogunyemi, Priscilla Funmilola Okunlola, Emmanuel Owolabi, Odetayo Olakanmi 

... body weight gained were determined on weekly basis. There were significant (P<0.05) changes in body weight gain, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Bodyweight gained increased by 16.3 - 22% from Tumeric to moringa. Protein digestibility increased by 5% and 3% in birds fed garlic and the blend respectively while about 4% increase in fat digestibility was observed in birds with PFAs. The PFAs exhibited varied positive influence (P<0.05) on carcass yi...

Jumshaid Iqbal1, Muhammad Sharif1*, Muhammad Nadeem Suleman2, Muhammad Saeed3, Fawwad Ahamd1, Asghar Ali kamboh4, Tugay Ayaşan5 and Muhammad Arslan3

... randomly slaughtered to determine carcass traits. Samples of intestine (duodenum, jejunum, ileum) were collected to perform histomorphology. Results indicated that FC, WG and FCR were linearly improved (P<0.05) in B, C and D groups as compared with control (A group). Carcass characteristics and relative organs weight showed non-significant results (P>0.05). However, data obtained on live body weight and abdominal fat pad were significantly different (P&...

Ishrat Younus1,2 and Afshan Siddiq1*

...ipyretic activities were determined at three different doses (50, 100 and 200 mg/kg) using different pain models (writhing induced, tail flick) and yeast induced pyrexia tests, respectively. The extract exhibited significant (p < 0.05) in vivo analgesic and antipyretic potential in term of % writhes inhibition, increased latency time and reduced rectal temperature when compared with control. The extract displayed noteworthy analgesic and antipyretic capabil...

Rabia Bibi1, R. Muhammad Tariq2, Samir A.M. Abdelgaleil3 and Munawwer Rasheed1, 4*

...otoxic effects were also determined after 12 and 24 h. L. karachiana was the second in toxicity against C. maculatus and S. oryzae population. In addition, all treatments of A. taxiformis and L. karachiana significantly reduced the eggs laying by C. maculatus counted after 96 h of treatment. More than 70% mortality was also obtained after 96 h exposure at a dose of 2.2 mg/cm2 with most of the seaweed extracts against S. oryzae and C. maculatus. While treatment...

Muhammad Tahir Jan1,2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3,*, Muhammad Binyameen1,* and Sarfraz Ali Shad1

...The study was planned to determine response of long and short duration cotton genotypes to E. vittella infestation. Field experiment was conducted at the Central Cotton Research Institute, Multan for two years. Long and short duration genotypes were sown during the 3rd week of May to investigate their response to E. vittella. E. vittella infestation (damage in fruits and larval population) was almost similar during both the years of experimentation. However, t...

Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura* 

...t study was conducted to determine the occurrence of clinical haemonchosis and methods of controlling Haemonchus contortus and other internal parasites in a communal farming system of Limpopo province, South Africa. Twenty-six sheep and one-hundred and sixty-three goats were evaluated for clinical haemonchosis using the FAMACHA© diagnostic system. Information on the methods of control used by the smallholder farmers was gathered through a questionnaire-ba...

Min Li1, Shiwu Deng2*, Yiqian Peng3 and Hong Li2

...rt tissue of SD rats was determined by Western blot. We found that LVEDd and LVESd in MIRI group and MIRI + DEX group were significantly higher than those in sham operation group (P<0.05), and LVEF was significantly lower than that in sham operation group (P<0.05). Compared with MIRI group, the expression levels of PGC1-a, SOD2 and Cs genes in MIRI + DEX group were significantly lower(P<0.05), and mitochondrial structure was slightly damaged in MIRI +...

Roshana Mukhtar1, Shaheen Shahzad1*, Sajid Rashid2, Maryam Rozi2, Madiha Rasheed3, Imran Afzal4 and Pakeeza Arzoo Shaiq5

...er analysed in-silico to determine the effect of pathogenic mutation on protein structure. In-silico analysis and comparison between UROSL237P and UROSWT 3-dimensional structures revealed remarkable changes in the binding site of Urogen (3-[7, 12, 18-tris (2-carboxyethyl)-3, 8, 13, 17-tetrakis (carboxymethyl) 5, 10, 15, 20, 21, 22, 23, 24-octahydroporphyrin-2-yl] propanoic acid) due to narrowing of domain-I and domain-II (18.46-12.17Å) of UROSL237P as co...

Muhammad Zahid Iqbal1, Aneela Zameer Durrani1, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad2, Muhammad Usman1,*, Abdul Jabbar1, Saba Usman3, Ahsan Anjum3, Muhammad Husnain1, Nadeem Raza1 and Anwar-ul-Haq4

...nt study was designed to determine the incidence of coxiellosis in bovines, evaluate the association of various risk factors in the occurrence of Coxiella burnetii, determine phylogeny and genetic variability of various isolates identified during the study, and report hematology of the affected bovines. The incidence of coxiellosis was estimated as 32.12% and 12.5% in cows and buffaloes, respectively. The association of sele...

Guo-dong Zhao1,2*, He-ying Qian1,2, Yi-ling Zhang1,2, Gang Li1, 2, Jian Tang1, 2 and An-ying Xu1,2*

...nctions of all DEGs were determined using the gene ontology (GO) classification system. Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Furthermore, some selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were verified by qRT-PCR. Our results can facilitate the overall understanding of the mechanism of silkworm’s tolerance to pesticides and provide a new control strategy of Lepidoptera pests.

...

Jabbar Khan1, Mehwish Jehan1, Zeeshan Mutahir2, Muhammad Rafi1, Muhammad Ismail1, Aamer Abbas1 and Jabbar Tanveer3

...t study was conducted to determine the effect of vitamin E and selenium (Se) on physiological and hormonal status of Damani goat in Dera Ismail Khan, under high ambient temperature. Forty Damani healthy, non-pregnant goats having similar initial body weight were selected. The diets of goats in the treated groups were supplemented with Se (0.3 mg/Kg) and vitamin E (50 mg/Kg) for 4 weeks. Twenty non-Damani local goats were as control and were not supplemented wi...

Ahmed M. Darwish1*, Hassan R. Darwish1, Dalia M. Mabrouk1, Mohamed A. Abdelhafez1, Ahmed M. Abdel-Salam2, Ibrahim E. Mohamed3, Ibrahim M. Farag1 

...solid not fat (SNF) were determined by biochemical methods in all milk samples. Different genotypes of β-LG and LEP genes were detected by single-strand conformation polymorphism (SSCP-PCR), and then validated by sequence analysis. The results of SSCP-PCR showed a monomorphic pattern for the β-LG gene and a polymorphic pattern for the LEP gene. The sequence analysis showed that the β-LG gene has one genotype without any single nucleotide polymor...

Laiba Shafique1*, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Afzal4, Huma Naz5, Saif ur Rehman1 and Qingyou Liu1*

...his study was planned to determine intestinal digestive enzymes activity and bone mineralization of Ctenopharyngodon idella. Four type food were prepared by using formic acid (%) and vitamin D3 (IU/Kg) in experiment viz, FD1, FD2, FD3 and FD4, respectively. Fish fed with formic acid showed considerable increase in calcium, magnesium potassium, however vitamin D3considerably increase iron and manganese contents (µg/g) in the bones of C. idella. Amylase an...

Stephen Chijioke Emencheta1, Anthony Amaechi Attama2, Ezinwanne Nneoma Ezeibe1, Adaora Angela Agubata1 and Ebele Benedette Onuigbo1*

... to nine antibiotics was determined. Multi-antibiotic resistance index (MARI) was assessed. Spot assay was done to determine lytic action of the bacteriophage on the lawns of the Escherichia coli. The phenotypic and biochemical tests confirmed Escherichia coli isolates. There was metallic green sheen on EMB agar. The isolates were citrate negative and indole positive. The isolates were found to be resistant to amoxicillin (1...

Aml M. Ragab1*, Maha R. Basyoni1, Enas A.I. Khoris2, Nadia A. Abd Elghany3 

...let. Gene sequences were determined for the groEL PCR products generated from 28 references B. cereus group strains and our isolates. Comparison of sequences showed that our strain groups were identical to others in nucleotide sequence similarity, ranging from 98% to 100%. The topology of the groEL- based trees was comparable to that of the phylogenetic tree from B. cereus group strains. Three subclusters could be identified, (nhe) and (cytK) could be detected...

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1*, Wafaa Adel Abd Fouda1, Hesham Attia Shedeed1, Safaa Ali Mostafa1, Ahmed Mohamed Elbaz2, Salah Abo Bakr2, Baliegh Hamdy Mosa1, Ali Saber Morsy1, Amal Mohamed Hasan1, Khamis Refaay Emam3 

...goal of this study is to determine the effect of supplementation microalgae Nannochloropsis oculata on blood constituents, total antioxidant capacity, reproductive performance and productivity of Hi-Plus doe rabbits under North Sinai conditions. Forty-five Hi-Plus doe rabbits aged 5 months and body weight with an average of 3060.2±21.0 g were used from June to September 2020. Does were randomly divided into three equal groups, n= 15 for each group. The ...

Mubashar Ahmad, Roheela Yasmeen*, Aisha Waheed Qurashi, Muhammad Hassan Ali Shah 

...s are frequently used to determine the stress in animals. The elevation in cortisol levels are associated with increased stress levels. The present study was aimed to find the reliability of the faecal and urine samples for the determination of the stress levels in animals. A non-invasive technique was used to measure the cortisol levels. Urine and faecal samples of male and female blackbucks (Antilope cervicapra) were collected from Lahore Zoo, Safari Zoo and...

El-Kholy KH1*, Tag El-Din H1, Seham NE Seleem1, Eman Hussein2 AM El-Shhat2 

...is study was designed to determine the effects of in-ovo sugarcane vinegar (SV) solution to Sudani duck’s eggs with different concentrations on body weight at hatch, hemato-biochemical changes and subsequent performance of newly-hatched ducklings. A total of 1560 fertile eggs used in the current experiment were obtained from Sudani ducks flocks of 33 weeks of age. The eggs were randomly distributed into of five different SV solution concentrates; the fir...

Basanta Kumar Adhikari1*, Deepak Subedi1*, Sumit Jyoti1, Krishna Kaphle2, Chet Narayan Kharel3, Doj Raj Khanal4

...l study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence and risk factors of Contagious Caprine Pleuropneumonia (CCPP) in the Rupandehi and Palpa districts of Nepal. A total of 89 goat serum samples were tested by using a competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (c-ELISA) for the presence of antibodies against Mycoplasma capricolum capripneumoniae. Out of the total serum sample tested, 3 were seropositive for CCPP giving an overall apparent seroprevalence of...

Ouedraogo Oumar1,2, Tianhoun Denté Fidèle2,4*, Séré Modou3, Kaboré Adama2, Tamboura H. Hamidou2 and Belem Adrien Marie Gaston4

... commune of Koudougou to determine the prevalence and socio-economic incidence of bovine tuberculosis. For this purpose, daily monitoring of cattle from various farms and slaughtered at the slaughter area was carried out from February to June 2019 during ante and post-mortem inspections. The results of the analysis of the data collected during these inspections revealed that 1,716 cattle of local breeds, consisting of 875 females and 841 males, were slaughtere...

Rasha Ali Taha Hamza1, Atef Saad Osheba1, Hassan Mohamed Sobhy2, Sahar Hussein Abdalla Hekal2* 

...e aim of this work is to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities as well as total phenolic and flavonoids contents in both water and ethanolic extracts of galangal and sumac extracts. Also, the effect of previous extracts on quality attributes of beef burger was evaluated. The ethanolic extracts of both galangal and sumac were shown to have significantly higher total phenolic and flavonoid contents than the aqueous extract, in particular 90% Eth...
Yunilas Yunilas1*, Nurzainah Ginting1, Tri Hesti Wahyuni1, Muhammad Zahoor2, Nelzi Fati3 and 
Ahmad Wahyudi4
...eed. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding local microorganisms (MOL) and fermentation time on the physical quality of corn straw silage. This study used a completely randomized design, factorial 3 × 3 with three replications. Factor I was various doses of MOL (1 %, 3 %, 5 %), and Factor II was different fermentation times (7 d, 14 d, 21 d). The variables observed included texture, color, odor, and taste. The results showed that the MOL dose...

Md. Serajul Islam1,2, Hongxin Wang1,2,*, Amer Ali Mahdi1, Mohamed Ismael Ahamed2, Zaixiang Lou1 and Fu An Wei3

... aim of the study was to determine the effect of duration of thermal treatment on the antioxidant activities (ABTS, DPPH, and FRAP) of muscle, liver, hard shell, bone, and skin from grass turtle (Chinemys reevesii) by direct QUENCHER procedure. The results showed that the highest ABTS capacity was found in cooked muscle at 10 min (110.133± 4.153 g trolox Eq./kg). On the other hand, DPPH and FRAP capacity were found in cooked muscle at 20 min which were ...

Maria Qibtia1, Sehrish Faryal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Farzana Chowdhary1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Ahmed Mansovuri2, Zeeshan Ahmed2, Muhammad Hamid3 and Ali Raza Awan1,*

...ce (LP) is a genetically determined phenotypic trait, generally related to pastoralism and milk consumption. However, Lactose non-persistence (LNP) results from the progressive decline of Lactase-phlorizin hydrolase (LPH) activity in enterocytes. The Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNPs) associated with occurrence of LP/LNP are different for European, Asian, African-American, Northern African and Arab populations. In this study, we studied, the association of ...

Shuhuan Li1*, Yongheng Bo2, Youzhi Li3 and Xiuzhen Yang2

...dues in meat are usually determined quantitatively. In this study, high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), a simple but potent method was used to quantify atropine residues in beef. The results indicated that the method could measure atropine residues accurately, with the average recoveries between 82.37 and 88.31 % when the additional concentration ranged from 0.5 to 5.0 mg/kg, and a detection limit of 0.25 mg/kg, providing an effective and reliable me...

Serdar Bektas* and Ozer Ayik

...increasing tendency were determined in mean corpuscular volume and mean corpuscular hemoglobin values from 7th day to the end of the experiment, no significant alterations in mean corpuscular hemoglobin concentration values noted. Fish belong to the infected group, revealed significant increase in G6PDH enzyme activity in the first and seventh days of infection.

...

Seun Eui Kim1,2*, Myoung-Hoon Lee1, Hye Myoung Jang2, Garam Park2, Wan-Taek Im3, Gwang Joo Jeon2,4* 

...pathways was analyzed to determine the potential of CK as an anticancer agent for neuroblastoma. For the study of human neuroblastoma, SK-N-MC cells were studied. IC50 values were 33.06 μM and at 40 μM and 60 μM of CK, the wound coverage rates were 11.5% and 0.5%, indicating the cell migration was strongly inhibited. Among the apoptosis-related genes of BAK1, caspase -3, -8, -9, and -12, the expression of caspase 8 was decreased but the expression of ...

Zilu Zhang1, Ning Wang2, Ce Hou1, Laiba Shafique1, Saif ur Rehman1, Zhuyue Wu2, Zhiqiang Wang1, Mingsong Wei3* and Kuiqing Cui1*

... polledness in goats. To determine the effect of PIS region on horned phenotype of Guanzhong dairy goats, four specific primers (PIS1-1, PIS1-2, PIS2 and PIS3) covering PIS fragment were designed, and four DNA fragment were amplifed and sequenced. A 12.814kb sequence was assembled containing the whole goat PIS region both in horned goats and in polled goats, which mean there were no 11.7 kb deletion in the Guanzhong dairy goats.The polymorphisms sites in PIS r...

Shorouk Aladdin Helmy1, Hossam Mahrous Ebeid2*, Mohamed Ahmed Hanafy1, Adel Eid Mohamed Mahmoud1, Reham Roshdy Ali El-tanany1 

...eriment was conducted to determine the effect of adding three different clay minerals in four levels of each, as follows: humic acid (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5%); zeolite (0.0, 1.25, 2.5, and 5%); or bentonite (0.0, 1.0, 2.0, and 3.0 %) with three different protein sources, (soybeans, sunflowers, or cottonseed meals) on a dry matter basis. All rations were incubated in a rumen culture medium collected from sheep in a 3 (sources of clay), 4 (levels of clay), and 3...

Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3 

...ent study was planned to determine the effect of feeding probiotic fermented rice straw-based total mixed ration (TMR) on production performance, haemato-biochemical indices, and faecal bacteria of fattening cattle. A total of eighteen crossbred male cattle of 14-16 months were divided into three equal groups at random. Cattle in the control group (C) were offered ration containing 40% untreated rice straw, 20% green fodder, and 40% concentrate mixture (dry ma...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Shakeela Ismail1, Faraz Akrim2, Muhammad Farooq1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Muhammad Raza Khan1

...ution of the species was determined by surveying the potential habitats and recording its direct and indirect field signs (such as scats, pug marks, prey remains, hairs), while diet composition was investigated by using noninvasive technique of scat analysis. Results showed grey wolf being distributed at an elevation range of 3921 m to 4282 m above sea level (asl) in the park. Scat analysis showed 7 wild and 6 domestic prey species in its diet, with approximat...

Tao Ren1, Guiqiu Cao2, Xiao Han3, Feng Tan1, Qiaoli Chen4, Shicheng Yang5 and Haiyan Zhang6*

.... Thus, in our study, we determined that I/R induced cardiac remodeling can be successfully mitigated by naringenin.

...

I Gusti Lanang Oka Cakra1*, Anak Agung Ngurah Badung Sarmuda Dinata2,  I Gede Mahardika1,  I Gusti  Nyoman Gde Bidura1

...ited. This study aims to determine the effect of additional Hibiscus leaf flour (HLF) in the concentrate on protein balance, blood metabolic profile, and body composition of Etawah crossbreed goats. A total of 20 goats with an average initial body weight of 18.22 ± 3.09 kg were used in the study with a randomized block design consisting of 4 treatments and 5 replications. The four treatments tested were as follows: A: elephant grass + concentrate A (wit...

Soliman Mohammed Soliman1*, Mohsen Mahmoud Shoukry2, Ahmed Mohammed El-Okazy1, Ahmed Mahmoud El-Morsy1, Mahmoud Mohammed Soliman1

... cannulated. In order to determine the optimal levels of PP to reduce the degradation of SBM, for evaluated their effects on in vitro methane production, in vivo ruminal fermentation and milk production using eighteen lactating crossbred Friesian cows that were randomly assigned to three groups. The first group contains untreated SBM, while the second and third groups contain SBM treated with pomegranate peel (PP) at levels of 200 and 250 gm / kg of SBM, respe...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

...s study was conducted to determine the prevalence and association of various factors with endo and ectoparasites in the small ruminant population of district Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Faecal and blood samples were collected along with ectoparasites directly from the animal rectum, jugular vein and skin, respectively. The examination of gastrointestinal (GI) parasites and haemoparasites was carried out through qualitative and quantitative ...
Ade Djulardi1*, Robi Amizar2, Tigor Sanjaya1
...fy;">This study aimed to determine the effect of expired milk powder supplementation at different protein levels on the performance of laying quail. This study used 240 heads of laying Japanese quail (Coturnix coturnix japonica) aged 42 days with 10% egg production in the layer phase aged 6-9 weeks. This study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD) in a 3x2 factorial with four replications. Each replication consisted of 10 laying...

Tri Untari1*, Sitarina Widyarini2, Michael Haryadi Wibowo1, Marla Anggita1 

...p I, II, III and IV were determined as HI (log)2 average and were recorded 3.81, 2.91, 3.13 and 0.95, while the geometric mean titers (GMT) were 13.9, 8.6, 7.5 and 1.9 respectively. The unvaccinated groups (V, VI, VII) exhibited 0 and 1 as HI (log)2 and GMT respectively. There was a significant difference between the measured antibody titer of group I and other groups (p<0.05). No histopathological change was found in the livers and kidney suggesting ther...

Mimi Syazwani Jaapar1, Eric Lim Teik Chung1,2*, Nazri Nayan1, Mamat Hamidi Kamalludin1,2, Mookiah Saminathan3, Kalai Vaani Muniandy2, Muhammad Hazziq Mohd Hamdan1, Shokri Jusoh1, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse2,4 

...ive of this study was to determine the effects of different levels of B. decumbens diets on the in vitro gas production and ruminal fermentation characteristics. Graded levels of B. decumbens were mixed with P. purpureum, where 10% was identified as the low-level B. decumbens diet (T2) and, 60% was identified as the high-level B. decumbens diet (T3) based on the concentration of saponins. Meanwhile, 100% P. purpureum was used as the basal diet, which served as...

Asaad A. Fares1*, Mohamed M. Ghanem2, Yasein M. Abd El-Raof2, Hossam M. El-Attar2, Ameer A. Megahed2, Heba M. El-Khaiat2

...1 days before calving to determine the effect of feeding negative dietary anion-cation difference (DCAD) diet on prepartum and postpartum blood minerals, calf weight and milk production. Before the trial, all cows were fed a high-forage, low-energy diet. During the trial, cows were fed a diet formulated for late gestation (15CP, %35.7NDF, P % 0.5, and %1.2Ca) according to NRC, with a resulting DCAD (Na + K − Cl − S) of − 50mEq/ 100g of DM (ne...

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...wide. This study aims to determine the histopathological changes of meningoencephalitis and arthritis in post-weaning piglets suspected of streptococcosis. The samples were 35 cadaver of post weaning piglets that showed muscle spasm and swollen joint at several villages in Badung Regency, Indonesia. Samples of the brain and synovial tissue were processed using hematoxylin-eosin dyes (HE). On histopathological examination, congestion, edema, mild infiltration o...

Ghulam Abbas1*, Muhammad Arshad1, Muhammad Saeed2*; Safdar Imran3, Ashgar Ali Kamboh4, Duraid KA Al-Taey5, Muhammad Asad Aslam1, Muhammad Saeed Imran6, Muhammad Ashraf3, Muhammad Asif7, Abdul Jabbar Tanveer8, Razia Abdul Majid Qureshi9, Maria Arshad1, Hussain Ahmed Khan Niazi1, Muhammad Tariq10, Sikandar Abbas1 

... research is required to determine the direct effect of OA in multiple stages of poultry health and diseases of infectious nature to determine the appropriate amount of supplementation of OA.

Keywords | Organic acids, Gut health, Natural compounds, Poultry health, Layer production. 

...

Iram Liaqat1*, Umaima Bibi2, Muhammad Arshad3 and Najma Arshad2*

...Antioxidant activity was determined by total phenolic content determination, Pyrogallol method, 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydroxyl radical scavenging assay, and free-radical-scavenging assay. Results revealed that O. vulgare and T. vulgaris possess high free radical scavenging capability and significant antioxidant activity. On the other hand, H. officinalis plant extracts exhibited low free radical scavenging ability and antioxidant potential. Obt...

Junaid Ali1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Muhammad Ilyas3, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha4*, Muhammad Arshad5, Muhammad Akram6, Mina Kharal7, Ehsan Ullah1, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Fareeha Athar1, Ayesha Mustafa1 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...two-factor split plot to determine the impact of various levels of irrigation and sowing methods on the growth and yield of lentil. Crop was sown by three sowing methods; flat, bed and ridge and with four different irrigations levels; I1: one irrigation, 60 days after sowing (DAS), I2: two irrigations 30 and 60 DAS, I3: three irrigations 30, 60 and 90 DAS and I4: four irrigations 30, 40, 60 and 80 DAS. The variable irrigation levels and sowing methods signific...

Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, Ufuoma Godstime Sorhue1*, Sylvanus Ikenna Omeje2, Lawrence Bratte2, Raphael Onainor1, Okpara Oghenesuvwe2 

...s study was conducted to determine the effects of boiled red sweet potato meal on performance and gene expression of Insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1) in growing pigs. Total of 45 growing pigs weighing 4.90 - 9.25kg were randomly allotted into five treatments of nine pigs each. Treatment one (T1) had 100% maize based diet as control, treatment two (T2) had 100% boiled red sweet potato meal, treatment three (T3) had 50% boiled red sweet potato meal + 50% mai...

Muhammad Bakhtiar1*, Fayaz Ali Niaz2, Asim Muhammad2, Mamoona Munir3, Wajiha Seerat4, Sadiqullah Khan5, Ghulam Yaseen6, Muhammad Noman Khan7 and Asma Bibi8

... and erucic acid. It was determined that applying N @ 120 to 160 kg ha-1 in association with 40 kg S ha-1 resulted high yield and better oil quality, and thus recommended for boosting grain productivity and in raising the standard of canola oil.

...

Mahreen Hanif*, Shafqat Saeed, Mudssar Ali, Muqadas Younas, Huda Bilal, Syeda Fatima Bukhari

...ved over three months to determine the penetration of T. castaneum in different packages. Results showed that the highest population of T. castaneum (larvae and adult) as well as greater weight loss (%) in chickpea was recorded in polypropylene (green) packet in contrast to polyethylene (gauge 2) and china lamination. Significant differences were observed in the overall adult population of T. castaneum (p<0.05) and chickpea percentage weight loss (p<0.05...

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar, Wael Mohamed Wafa*, Abdelaziz Mustafa Sakr, Mohammed Mahmoud Hegazy 

...ptin and PRL levels were determined in blood plasma. Results showed insignificant increase in TES and PRL by age advancing at 1-3 month, and in leptin at 1-6 month of age. All hormones markedly increased up to 24 month of age. TES increased by increasing body weight (BW) from 40 to 420 kg. Leptin and PRL increased by increasing BW (>200 and >120 kg, respectively). The polynomial regression equation for all hormones gave the highest R2 values 0.889 and 0....

Nawal Abd-elhafez Hassanain1, Raafat Mohamed Shaapan1*, Ahmed Maher1, Ahmed Badwi Yousif2, Gomaa Desoky Emam2 

...ucellosis and finally to determine if the associated individual characteristics were serologically positive to these diseases. The collected 504 blood samples were screened for malaria (card test ‘RDTs and microscopic blood film examination), typhoid fever (Widal test, blood culture and stool analysis) and brucellosis (Rose Bengal test ‘RBT’ and also standard agglutination test ‘SAT’) a similar time. The results showed that 29 of ...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7

...of 22 animals in each to determine the hormonal profile. G1 was composed on lactating non-pregnant while G2 had newly bred she camels. Blood samples from G1 was collected at first day of trial, while G2 animals blood collection was done at day 14th and 21st day post mating. All the blood samples were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for five min; serum was collected and stored at – 18°C for laboratory analysis. Commercially available ELISA kits were used to m...
Sara Mohamed Hemeda1, R.H. Sayed2, Hani Hassan1, Sheima A.E.2, Hassan Aboul-Ella3, R. Soliman3*
...s were compared, and the determined specificity, sensitivity, and accuracy of the locally prepared kits were 93.7%, 95.3%, and 94.6%, respectively.
 
Keywords | Polyclonal antibodies (PAbs) production, Nano-gold applications, Lateral flow immunochromatographic assay (LFA), Antibiotic residues, Rapid detectors
...
Yasmin M.M. Mahmoud
...onducted on the goats to determine the digestion coefficients and feeding values of rations used. Results revealed that goat groups that received T1 and T2 recorded a significant increases (P < 0.05) in the digestion coefficients, feeding values, actual milk yield, 4 %-fat corrected milk, the composition of milk fat %, total solid %, lactose % and dry matter intake. Also, better (P < 0.05) feed conversion was observed with the tested rations based on con...
Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3*, Osfar Sjofjan2, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2
...ify;">This study aims to determine the effect of added dietary turmeric flour and probiotics on gut characteristics and production performance of Mojosari ducks. The turmeric consisted bioactive substances, while Lactobacillus sp. produced lactic acid bacteria. The 280 laying ducks used were Mojosari ducks aged 20–28 weeks reared for eight weeks on the experimental diet. The Curcuma longa flour used was produced by Balai Materia Medika, Batu District and...
Genevieve R. Tabon1,2, Noraine P. Medina2, Mary Rose D. Uy-De Guia3, Claro N. Mingala2,3*
...zes of the PNP were also determined. Results showed that the genotype of ESR1 gene present in PNP is homozygote AA. The average litter size of the 30 PNP is 7.07 which is relatively higher than the average litter sizes of Nepal native pigs which ranges from 2 to 6. Moreover, the average litter size of the Philippine breed is also higher than the 5.0 average litter size of Tibetan pig breed which is one of the common breeds of pigs for commercial pig production...

Imtiaz Ahmed*, Imran Khan and Zia Ud Din

...d DPPH) were followed to determine total phenolic content, flavonoid contents and antioxidant status respectively along with“in-vitro starch digestibility”. The ash, fiber and protein content increased significantly while the carbohydrate content had significantly lower values (p, for all trends < 0.05) as the ratio of incorporation increased when compared with the control sample (data not shown here). The CWB also showed significantly (P<0.0...

Khuzeema Tanveer1, Muhammad Shahid Mahmood1,*, Muhammad Ashraf1 and Ahrar Khan2

...d dyes, respectively. To determine the toxicity of degraded dye products a hemolytic assay was performed which showed a variable decrease or increase in red blood cells cytotoxicity caused by bacterial treated or untreated dye solutions. The current study suggests that some of the bacteria have the potential to degrade a number of textile industry dyes and could be exploited for xenobiotic removal.

...

Abdul Hafeez Mastoi1, Muhammad Rashid Nizamani2, Shafique Ahmed Memon3, Jun Jiang1, Xiang-Shun Hu1* and Tong-Xian Liu1*

...a, Pisum sativum L., was determined in laboratory testing. Of the 5 pea cultivars and 5 temperature levels included in our study, the highest values of the population parameters of net reproductive rate, intrinsic rate increase, finite rate increase, generation time, and fecundity of A. pisum was observed at 27°C, regardless of pea cultivar. In decreased as temperature increased at and above 30°C for each cultivar. Furthermore, differences among cultiv...

Abdul Ghaffar*, Niaz Hussain, Muhammad Nadeem, Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Aslam, Mudassar Khaliq, Muhammad Irshad, Zubeda Parveen and Muhammad Younas

...pose of the study was to determine the suitable selection method for genetic improvement in chickpea. The current investigation was conducted at the research area of the Arid Zone Research Institute, Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. Twelve chickpea genotypes were sown in RCBD following three replicates. Data regarding primary & secondary per plant, days for maturity, plant height as well as potential yield were recorded. The measured data were analyzed to princi...

Bibi Hajira*, Imran Khan and Zia-ud-Din

...ro starch hydrolysis was determined enzymatically at 0, 20, 30, 45, 90 and 120 min. Rapidly digestible starch (RDS), slowly digestible starch (SDS), resistant starch (RS) and estimated eGI were calculated from starch digestion values. Consumer acceptability was determined using nine-point hedonic scale. The incorporation of sorghum and barley into wheat bread decreased in-vitro starch digestion at all incorporation levels th...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Chairul Rahman Arif, Dian Kurniawati, Akhmad Dakhlan 

...lity. This study aims to determine the genetic potential of male and female Saburai goats that have good genetic quality at weaning based on their estimated breeding value (EBV) and to determine which individuals are eligible to be retained in the population. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in March—May 2021 at Gisting Atas Village, Gisting District, Tanggamus Regency. This study used a survey method...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2 

...ose of this study was to determine the characteristics and kinematics of Bali-polled bull sperm to identify reproductive potential. Semen collection of Bali-polled bull was conducted once a week using an artificial vagina. The semen was proceeded until the frozen semen. Parameters were motility, motility progressive, kinematics sperms, viability, abnormality membrane integrity, and acrosome integrity. The Bali-polled bull semen was analyzed by using CASA with ...

Hamdy Abdala Elnagar1, Wael Mohamed Wafa1*, Abdel-Khalek El-Sayed Abdel-Khalek2

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the influence of N-Acetyl-Cysteine (NAC), as oral, intrauterine (IU) or oral plus IU administration at early postpartum period, on reproductive performance, antioxidant capacity, and health status of lactating cows. This study included 20 Friesian lactating cows (480±22.7 kg LBW, 2-4 parities and 4.5-6 years old). In day 15 postpartum, cows were divided into four groups, 5 cows/group. Cows in the 1st group represented ...
Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini*, Ali Basim Abd Al-Hadi
...ight of each animal were determined. This study revealed that lamb sex significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight of Awassi ewes. Association analysis of lamb sex with body measurements of pregnant ewes, including singleton and twin, showed that male pregnant Awassi ewes had higher body dimensions than the female pregnant Awassi ewes. There was the highest correlation (P ≤ 0.05) between lamb sex with live body weight and body dimensions of ...

Peyman Mohammadzadeh1*, Aida Rasuli2, Bahman Noroozi Gorgani2, Sajjad Mohammadi3

...ases, it is difficult to determine. According to necropsy results, a male red kangaroo with a history of chronic neuro-ocular toxoplasmosis had an extensive mixed fracture of the posterior and base of the skull. Direct deep and countercoup brain bruises, independent fractures of the top and roof of both orbits, subdural hemorrhage with edema and shifting of the mid-line to the left, frontal lobe with severe hemorrhagic discharge in the ventricles, diffuse suba...

Lyudmila Yakovlevna Rodionova*, Irina Valeryevna Sobol, Lyudmila Vladimirovna Donchenko, Artem Vasilevich Stepovoy  and Andrey Georgievich Koshchaev

...ical characteristics are determined – the content of free carboxyl groups, methoxyl, and acetyl components. The high content of galacturonic acid determines the technological significance of pumpkins as raw materials for the production of functional food products. The established etherification degree allows considering pumpkins as a raw source for the production of low-calorie food products. The data obtained confirm ...

Asma Fatima*, Ghulam Abbas and Shahnaz Rashid

... and total hardness were determined. Overall, 61 species of plankton have been recorded from the studied ponds and categorized into 19 groups; of which 25 phytoplankton species belonged to four major groups, whereas, 36 zooplankton species belonged to 15 groups. Among them, Bacillariophyta (69.815%) and copepods (78.927%) were “most abundant” as compared to other groups of phytoplankton and zooplankton, respectively. Monthly abundance of phytoplank...

Mohammed A. Almujtaba1, Turky Omar Asar2, Salma Naqvi3, Vikas Kumar4, Fahad A. Al-Abbasi1, Abdulbasit I. Al-Sieni1 and Firoz Anwar1*

...c potential. We aimed to determine the effect of Zamzam water in doxorubicin induced cardiac remodeling in rats. Male Wistar albino rats were divided into 4 groups (n=6) for 28 days of experimental protocol. Group-1 served as normal control (NC), group 2 as doxorubicin control (DC), group 3 as doxorubicin+ Zamzam treatment (DZ) and group 4 as Zamzam control (ZZ). Doxorubicin (1mg/ kg bw) was injected i.p. in DC and DZ groups on first day of study. NC and DC gr...

Murat Durmuş* and Nazan Koluman

...uiciness parameters were determined to be significant (P<0.05).

...

Shujaat Hussain1*, Muhammad Saqib1, Khurram Ashfaq1 and Zia ud Din Sindhu2

...tigation was designed to determine the selective hemato-biochemical variations in dromedary camels due to subclinical coxiellosis. The study encompassed two groups viz, one group of 20 C. burnetii positive camel identified by Real time PCR and second group of 20 healthy camels (Real time PCR negative) used as control. The student t-test demonstrated significant (p<0.05) rise in packed cell volume (36.30±0.32%), hemoglobin (15.57±0.32g/dL), neu...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
... count in ejaculate were determined by microscopy using single chamber Neubauer cell. Results show that ejaculate volume was influenced (p < 0.05) by individual (buck). Besides, individual and period of collection had no impact (p > 0.05) on mass motility. However, the period of collection significantly (p < 0.05) affects ejaculate volume, vitality, sperm concentration and mortality rate. The overall averages obtained for the different parameters stud...

Muhammad Akram1*, Muhammad Imtiaz Shafiq2, Amber Malik3, Farmanullah Khan4, Munir Ahmad Bhinder5 and Muhammad Sajjad6

...and GSTMI genotypes were determined by comparing the sizes of amplified PCR product of genotypes with β Globulin gene, used as internal standard and 100-bp DNA ladder. GSTP1 genotype was determined using the PCR-restriction fragment length polymorphism. Analysis of data was carried out using SPSS software Version 22.0. Statistical significance of p< 0.05 was considered as valuable results. Results demonstrated that N...

Xinran Wang1,2 and Lizhi Zhou1,2*

...y and vigilance mode was determined by analyzing the influence of disturbance intensity on the vigilance mode of the crane group. Anthropogenic disturbance intensity had a significant influence on vigilance mode of the wintering cranes. However, there were no significant differences between low and moderate disturbance groups (coordinated vigilance, low vs. moderate: Q = 3.27, P = 0.056; synchronized vigilance, low vs. moderate: Q = 1.92, P = 0.364), probably ...

Agus Mulyono

...rrow. This study aims to determine the sex detection process of Java sparrow through color and texture analysis of Java sparrow beak image with classification method using ANFIS and determine the level of accuracy. In this study there are 3 stages, namely preprocessing, learning stages and testing stages. The results of the Java sparrow sex detection accuracy through texture and color analysis of beak images using the ANFIS ...

Hakan Kececi1*, Yasin Ozturk2, M. Bahaeddin Dortbudak3, Seda Yakut4, Gurdal Dagoglu5 and Merve Ozturk1

...">This study is aimed to determine the toxicity of Xanthium strumarium L. (cocklebur) or its seeds to human or an animal. Cocklebur, potentially toxic plants is found abundantly in meadows and pastures. One of the most significant ingredients that causes toxicity is atractyloside (ATR). In this study, the concentration of ATR in cocklebur seeds was determined as 4 mg/g seed. The study involved 54 rats which were divided into...

Muhammad Hanif Chandio1,2*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Farooq Hassan3, Faheem Sadar4, Nasiruddin Shaikh1, Bushra Ainy Dars5, Ghulam Abass6, Asma Fatima6 and Shahnaz Rashid6

... stocking densities were determined such as 10, 15, and 20 fish/m2were selected and placed in different treatments (I-III) with two replicates Fish were fed all parts of chicken (APC) with 10% of their body weight. The results of the growth trial indicated moderate variation among the treatments that, 10 fish/m2in T-I exhibited maximum growth (64.6 g) with 100% survival ratio as compared to other treatment (II and III), 15 fish/m2 (35.0 g with 90% survival) an...

Aysam Fayed1, Mohga A Ibrahem2, Soha A. Hassan3, Mohammed Abdalla Hussein4*, Tamer Roshdy1  

...). The lipid profile was determined using blood samples, and liver tissue samples were used to determine glucose, insulin, leptin, TC, TG, HDL-C, ALT, AST, MDA, TNF-α, PCO. The HFD administrated rats resulted in increased total body weight, glucose, insulin, leptin, cholesterol, triglycerides, MDA, ALT, AST, TNF- α and PCO levels, as well as SREBP1 gene expression, according to the findings. However, our findings...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Hamdan Sukri Lubis1, Takayuki Ohnuma2, Yose Rizal1 

...eriment was conducted to determine the interaction between natural pellet binders and dosage in producing pellet made of Miana plant as poultry feedstuffs. This experiment was administered in a completely randomized design with two factors. The first factor was natural pellet binders composed of brown seaweed Sargassum binderi, taro tubers (Colocasia esculenta (L.) Schott), and tapioca flour (Manihot utilissima), and the second factor was dosage (1.5; 3; ...

Hanan Saad El-Samahy, Amani Abd El-Naby Hafez, Mohamed Talat Ragab, Disouky Mohamed Mourad*  

..., so this study aimed to determine the bacterial causative agents using multiplex PCR as an accurate rapid diagnostic technique. Exudates of swollen infra-orbital sinus were aspirated and aseptically collected from affected turkeys of seventeen flocks and examined by multiplex PCR against Escherichia coli (E. coli), Mycoplasma gallisepticum (M. gallisepticum), Mycoplasma meleagridis (M. meleagradis), Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT), Pasteurella multocida...

Hazem E. M. Hassanien1*, Awad M. M. Mahmoud2, Elsayed M. Abdel-Raouf1, Nabil M. Eweedah1 and Midhat. N. Nassif3

...ive of this trial was to determine the effects of varying pre- and postpartum DCAD, mEq [(Na + K - Cl + S)]/ kg of dry matter on blood total Ca, ionized iCa, blood, and rumen metabolites, and endocrine status in prepartum and postpartum phases. Forty-eight multiparous Holstein cows range lactation 1-5 with an average body weight 706 kg ±7.29 SD were enrolled in a nested block design trial at 29 d prior anticipated parturition through 90 d in milk. A fac...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
... ratio (FCR), which were determined weekly and cumulatively for 35 days. The birds of a specific treatment group were given organic acid on daily basis for 6-8 h. Excluding the negative control group, all groups were tested with fresh culture of Campylobacter jejuni on 14, 21, 28 and 35 day of age. Bacterial count was performed at 6, 8, 13, 15, 20, 22, 27, 29, 34 and 36 day of age. The results suggest synergistic actions of a mixture of organic acids are effec...

Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe, Thobela Louis Tyasi* 

...study was carried out to determine the relationship among measured body measurement traits such as heart girth (HG), body weight (BW), rump width (RW), body length (BL), head length (HL), withers height (WH), ear length (EL), rump height (RH), head width (HW) and sternum height (SH), and to detect the best-fitted regression model for the prediction of BW of Nguni cattle. A total of 70 Nguni cattle (59 females and 11 males) aged 2-4 years were employed in the c...

Lukman Affandhy*, Muchamad Luthfi*, Yeni Widyaningrum, Dian Ratnawati, Mutia Primananda 

...lity. This study aims to determine the effect of giving the hormone GnRH in various doses on the quality of semen in Ongole Crossbreed (OC) bulls. The study used 18 OC bulls with three GnRH treatments, A (one dose/5ml/animal), B (half-dose/2.5ml/animal), and C without GnRH. The GnRH was administered once by intramuscular (IM) injection. Semen collection was carried out for 16 weeks; divided into two periods, namely 8 and 16 weeks after GnRH administration. Par...

Febriza Dwiranti1, Nur Fadhilah2, Ursula Paulawati Maker2, Priyo Sambodo3* 

...study was carried out to determine morphology based on body hair patterns (spots) and physiology based on the blood values of adult males, adult females, and juvenile Spilocuscus papuensis (S. papuensis). In total, nine S. papuensis ex situ in the Manokwari Region of Papua (three adult males, three adult females, and three juveniles) were used in this study. Morphological observations of S. papuensis were based on body hair pattern and blood values, including ...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Muhammad Hussnain Babar2, Aamir Hussain3, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Hammad Hussnain4 and Saghir Ahmad4

...n-parametric approach to determine yield stability) discriminated ST02 (WEAL-AG-10), ST05 (MNH-1050), ST09 (VH-418) and ST19 (UAM-20) as stable yielder strains bearing the lowest GSI value (11). These strains are important in boosting cotton production hence, their release for general cultivation may be sought from the authorized forum.

...

Desy Cahya Widianingrum1*, Himmatul Khasanah1, Melinda Erdya Krismaputri1, Susan Barbara Patricia Sembiring Meliala2 

.../p>...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Shakeel Ahmad Jatoi2, Muhammad Jawad Nazir1, Ehtesham Ul Haq1, Faheem Abbas1 and Muhammad Saqib Raza Shah1

...aves aqueous extract was determined in cultivated oat (Avena sativa L.), maize (Zea mays L.), rice (Oryza sativa L.), pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucumL.), bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) and sorghum [Sorghum bicolor (L) Moench. Response of aqueous leaves extract was assessed through various agronomic and physiological parameters including number of plants emerged, leaves per plant, chlorophyll content, root and shoot length, plant fresh and dry biomass were...

Djoko Kisworo*, Martina Safitri, BRD Wulandani, Bulkaini, Syamsuhaidi 

...H. This research aims to determine the best level of sour starfruit (SSF) extract on the shelf life of chicken eggs. A Completely randomized design (CRD) was used in a 3 x 3 factorial pattern with five replications. The Factors were the level of SSF (0%, 10%, and 20%) and storage time (2, 4, and 6 weeks). Data were analyzed according to the analysis of variance followed by the Least Significant Difference test (LSD). The parameters measured were the egg’...

Husmaini1*, Sabrina1, Firda Arlina1, Linda Suhartati1, Yozella Martilova2 

...owth. This study aims to determine the effect of probiotics Lactococcus plantarum and Pediococcus pentasaceus using a purple sweet potato carrier on laying hen’s performance and egg quality. This study used 210 layers of medium-type laying hens, Strain Isa Brown, 38 weeks old. The method used was an experiment with a completely randomized design (CRD) with seven treatments and three replications. The observed variables were ration consumption, ration co...

Nuraini Nuraini*, Yuliaty Shafan Nur, Ade Djulardi, Robi Amizar, Yesi Chwenta Sari

... on nutrient content and determine the Tmc effect in the diet on the production of laying quail. The study was divided into two stages of research. Phase 1 of the laboratory experiment determined the composition of the concentrate and tofu dregs media on the nutrient content of Tenebrio molitor. This study method was a completely randomized design (CRD) with six treatments and three replications. The treatment variations con...

Nagina Zeb* and Noor ul Amin

...ge. Therefore, it can be determined from the results that, in monsoon season planting of the semi-hard wood cuttings on July, 16 treated with 8000 ppm IBA concentration initiated better vegetative and root growth of Silvery under the climatic conditions of Peshawar, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.

...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1*, Muhammad Irfan Majeed2, Mujeeb-Ur-Rehman1 and Muhammad Asam Riaz1

...o;s effectiveness and to determine the insecticide (fipronil) release kinetics from the formulated beads under laboratory and field conditions.

...

Waqas Raza1*, Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Muhammad Asif2, Ikram-ul-Haq3, Muhammad Zakria4 and Laith Khalil Tawfeeq Al-Ani5,6

.... infestans, as well as, determined the morphological characteristics, on different media. The phenotypic characteristic of the isolates were observed as fluffy cottony growth with striated pattern. The average length of sporangia among the isolates collected during 2017 from potato growing areas of Punjab ranged from 14.94 to 47.89 µm, and mean breadth of sporangia varied from 10.44 0 to 23.67 µm. During 2018, among all districts, isolate Jhg-22 s...
Irfan Shahzad Sheikh1, Syed Haseeb Shah1, Niamatullah Kakar2*, Mohammad Masood Tariq1, Muhammad Essa Kakar3 and Muhammad Zahid Mustafa1
...cken. The result further determined that the longer use (6 weeks) of AGPs had no harmful effect on blood, liver and kidney in broiler chicken and can be used after withdrawal period.

...

Tariq Ali1,2*, Kamran1, Abdur Raziq1, Inam Ullah Wazir1, Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Ijaz Ali1, Muhammad Shuaib Khan2, Shakeeb Ullah2 and Sher Hayat Khan3

...gens of mastitis, and to determine the antimicrobial resistance. A total of 1013 milk samples belonging to 726 cattle and 287 buffaloes were examined to detect clinical mastitis (CM) and subclinical mastitis (SCM). Mastitic milk samples (n=541) were further used to investigate the prevalence of bacteria associated with mastitis and their antimicrobial susceptibilities by standard disc diffusion assay. The results showed that the prevalence of CM and SCM was 21...

Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*

...en compared Ei values to determine whether plant taste can affect zokor diet selection. A total of 124 burrow systems were analyzed and 103 plants were used in the analyses. Kruskal-Wallis tests revealed statistically significant deviations (from the mean) in Ei values among the four taste groups (χ2 = 199.033, df =3, p = 0.000). Pairwise Mann-Whitney U tests showed that, at the p = 0.05 or higher significance level, the Ei values of the four taste groups ...
Muhammad Younas1*, Khalid Hussain1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Atiq2, Niaz Hussain1, Wasim Abbas3, Muhammad Azeem Khan4, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Irshad1, Nasir Ahmad Khan2 and Muhammad Zubair5
...s and plant extracts was determined for disease suppression on a susceptible variety of onion. During both years of study, eight accessions (Phulkara, Texas Early, Cylon, Sunset, Red Gystal, Rubi F1, Red Flame, ON-14133) exhibited resistant response with minimum percent disease index (PDI) which ranged between 5-10%, followed by Mirpurkhas, Nasarpuri, HON-1069, Pania, Rubi F2, GSL-132, Red Moon, PK-1032, F-1122, Red Imposta, Early Red, Desi Large and Vrio-4 wh...

Muhammad Halim Natsir*, Osfar Sjofjan, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas, Danung Nur Adli, Lizar Basnelda, Dimas Frisky Apriyanto, Wahyu Tri Utami 

.../p>...

N. Wachida1*, P. M. Dawuda2,1, I. U. Ate3,1, P. I. Rekwot4, 2 

...ure humidity index (THI) determined and rectal temperatures of cows were monitored. Cows were synchronized for oestrus using PGF2α. Follicular studies were carried out. Serum oestradiol and luteinizing hormones were monitored by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA). Blood samples for serum were collected for oestradiol and luteinizing hormones. Follicular diameters at 42 hr were longer (P<0.05) in hot dry season (8.088±0.52 mm) than in ra...

Hurriya Alzahra1, Susmiati Susmiati2*, Sri Melia3 

...3657. This study aims to determine the antioxidant activity, total phenol, and organoleptic characteristics including the taste, aroma, and texture of fermented milk with orange juice added (Citrus nobilis L.). The study was based on a Factorial Completely Randomized Design (CRD), with starter concentrations of 4 (A1), 5 (A2), and 6% (A3), as well as orange juice concentrations of 10 (B1), 15 (B2), and 20% (B3). The results showed that fermented milk with oran...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Ghulam Sarwar2, Imran Akhtar3, Ghayour Ahmad4 and Saeed Ahmad4

...n-parametric approach to determine performance stability) distinguished NIAB-135, BH-224 and FH-Am17 being the most stable strains bearing the least GSI value and may be released for general cultivation to boost national cotton production.

...

Paulus Klau Tahuk*, Oktovianus Rafael Nahak, Gerson Frans Bira 

...p>...

Mai A Fadel1*, Ahmed M Elmahdy1, Jihan Mostafa Badr2, Mohammed AM Saleh3, Mona A.A. AbdelRahman3 

...itory concentration were determined. High Performance Liquid chromatography (HPLC) method was developed to quantify the concentrations of enrofloxacin and amoxicillin in serum and different tissues of chickens. The pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics indices of both antibiotics were calculated and statistically analyzed. Aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, urea, and creatinine serum level were also estimated. From our findings, we concluded...

Nurdan Urvaylioglu1*, Ogunc Meral1, Serkan Sayiner2, Ulvi Reha Fidanci1 and Arif Altintas1

...myloid A levels were not determined statistically different between groups (p> 0.05). No correlation was found between CMT scores, SCC values, Hp and milk amyloid A levels in milk serum. There were no significant differences in Hp, MAA levels and SCC in the milk of clinically healthy cows and cows with clinical and subclinical mastitis (p> 0.05). As a result, Hp and amyloid A levels in milk showed no proper parameters for diagnosing subclinical mastitis ...
Ahmed H. Massoud1, Mohamed S. Ahmed2, Moustafa Saad-Allah1, Aly S. Derbalah1, Ashraf Albrakati3* and Ehab Kotb Elmahallawy4*
...ons. This study aimed to determine the patho-biochemical toxicity of short-term exposure to repeated low oral doses of malathion, metalaxyl and cymoxanil pesticides on male rats. Results of the present study demonstrated that low doses of malathion, metalaxyl and cymoxanil pesticides was asymptomatic and mostly showed insignificant histopathological changes in treated rats. The observed values of biochemical enzymes with these low-doses were near to the contro...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...19 to December, 2019) to determine the population dynamics of these notorious pests in different climatic zones of Sindh Province. Steiner type (Tando Jam) traps baited with methyl eugenol and 5% pesticide were incorporated in the guava and mango orchards of Hyderabad and Larkana. Fruit flies were trapped in the field throughout the year. The results revealed the distinct patterns of population dynamics at both climatic zones. The population density was greate...
Alicja Kowalczyk1*, Inga Kowalewska-Łuczak2, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska3*, Jesús Juan Cantalapiedra4, Joaquim Orlando Lima Cerqueira5,6 and José Pedro Pinto de Araújo5,7
...ndividual genotypes were determined using the PCR-RFLP method. Evaluation of sperm quality in terms of concentration, volume, motility, and sperm viability was performed using photometry, flow cytometry, and a computer assisted sperm analyzer. The above studies indicate that all four nucleotide substitutions analyzed in exon 4 of AQP7 gene affect the individual quality characteristics of the analyzed semen of Holstein-Friesian bulls.

...

Juweria Abid1, Shakeel Ahmad2, Humaira Wasila3, Tooba Asif4, Muhammad Farooq5* and Attaullah Jan6

... justify;">The study was determined mineral content, total phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of fresh (cow, buffalo, goat, sheep and camel) and processed milk types (S1, S2, S3, S4 and S5) commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Samples were collected from three different districts of KP and after composite sampling dried in oven and stored at room temperature for further biochemical analysis. Samples were then analyzed for minerals c...

Dhiya Altememy1, Mohammad Darvishi2*, Samira Shokri3, Saber Abbaszadeh4 

...rome slides were used to determine the rate of collagenization, wound, and extracellular matrix. After the treatment, the size of the wound in the Tio2 N.P. synthesis by Origanum vulgare, Tio2 N.P. synthesis by carvacrol, methicillin, Tio2 N.P., and alginate pad groups of diabetic rats and alginate pad group of non-diabetic rats were determined 7.03 ± 1, 11.12 ± 1, 10.72 ± 1 ± 15.48 ± 1, 11...

Shakeel Ahmad1*, Humaira Wasila2, Juweria Abid3, Nazir Muhammad4 and Hazrat Usman5 

...nt study was designed to determine the proximate composition, phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity of milk products commonly consumed in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Fifteen different milk product samples were collected from 3 different markets in the study area to get a composite sample. AOAC 15th edition methods were used to analyze moisture, ash, carbohydrates, fats and protein contents of milk products. Atomic absorption spectroscopy and flame phot...

Hasan Çelikyürek

...tive of this study is to determine the effects of certain environmental factors on the testicular size and body size of male Norduz lambs. In the study, testicular diameter, testicular length, scrotal length, and scrotal circumference were determined to be 2.98±0.10, 5.56±0.14, 9.76±0.16, and 14.08±0.20 cm in male Norduz lambs, respectively. Body length, chest width, chest depth, withers height, r...

Nurcan Karslioglu Kara*

... of this research was to determine the relationship between age at first calving (AFC) and first lactation milk yield [adjusted 305-day (MY305)], reproductive performance [days open (DO), calving interval (CI)] and diseases (lameness, mastitis, metritis and dystocia) in Simmental dairy cows bred under Turkey conditions. A total of 1110 Simmental cows (first calving to second calving) were assessed according to study criteria. While the relation between AFC and...

Xibin Liu1,2,3, Weijun Guan2,* and Dong Zheng1,*

...c assay was performed to determine the clonogenic efficiency CPSCs. The expression of cell surface markers was detected by immunofluorescence, flow cytometry, and RT-PCR, and it was found that the CPSCs positively expressed FGFR-3, collagen type II, CD44, CD73, CD90, vimentin, Notch1, CD105, and CD106, but negatively expressed the haematopoietic stem cell surface marker CD34. Furthermore, CPSCs were successfully induced to differentiate into adipocytes, osteob...

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

...e study was conducted to determine the effect of Acacia karroo leaf meal (AKLM) inclusion in diets on growth performance and gut morphology of Ross 308 chickens from day-old to 6 weeks of age. 320-day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were assigned to a 2 (sex) × 4 (dietary treatment levels) factorial arrangement in a CRD, having 8 treatments, replicated x4 with 10 chicks/replicate. AKLM inclusion levels were at 0, 0.5, 1.0 or 1.5g/kg dry matter (DM). Weekly ...

Marat Kuibagarov1, Assylbek Zhylkibayev1, Dinara Kamalova1, Anara Ryskeldina1, Nurdina Yerzhanova1, Yerlan Ramankulov1, Alexandr Shevtsov1*, John A Angelos2  

...e pilA gene sequence was determined for 35 isolates of M. bovoculi. Ten genotypes (gNA1-gNA10) were identified which were 96.1% to 99.8% identical. It was found that as a result of the replacement of cytosine with thymine at the 97th position of the gNA8 genotype, a stop codon resulted which, if expressed, would have resulted in a truncated PilA. Phylogenetic analyses of the deduced amino acid sequences of PilA from isolates from Kazakhstan, in comparison wit...
Farzana Bashir2, Aysha Saleem1, Khalid Iqbal Khichi2, Rubina Nelofer3* and Rauf Ahmad Khan2
...tibacterial activity was determined by column studies using response surface methodology (RSM) based on three levels, three factorial Box Behnken Design (BBD). The significance of independent variables (flow rate, bacterial count and column height) and their interactions were tested by means the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits. The antibacterial susceptibility was optimized for flow rate, bacterial count and column height. High regressi...

Hamenya Mpemba1, Fan Yang1, Kirsty J. MacLeod2,3, Dusu Wen1, Yan Liu1,4 and Guangshun Jiang1,*

...o novel cues may help to determine extinction probabilities and overall plasticity in the face of change. This study is, therefore, an important step forward in understanding predator cue responses at the community level. This is also the first study to test the ecological function of Amur tiger cues in the wild environment and may serve as essential information in the rewilding process of captive Amur tiger plans.

...

Syeda Batool Zehra1, Abdullah G. Arijo2, Aly Khan3, Nasira Khatoon1* and Samina Waheed1

...ical analysis is used to determine the intensity of infection in relation to age and gender. This study will focus on children who are suspected of being afflicted with pinworms. The presence of adult worms or ova in the feces is required to make proper diagnosis. The swabbing of the perianal region is utilized to determine the presence of eggs in feces.

...

Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi

...study was carried out to determine the effect of CA on population density of fungivorous (Aphelenchus avenae) and free-living nematodes under four crop rotation patterns. The experiment was arranged as a split plot in randomized complete block design with three tillage systems (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) as the main plots and three level of crop residue retention (no-residue, 30%, and 60% of residue retention) as the sub-plots that r...

Saydat Saad Abd El-Megeed1, Walaa Yehia El-Sayed1*, Tarek Khamis2 

...olecular parameters were determined. The results revealed that ZnO NPs in combination with Empagliflozin suggestively declined the blood glucose levels, lipid profile, and liver and kidney functions. A reduction was recorded in malondialdehyde (MDA), as well as improved catalase (CAT), glutathione peroxidase (GPx), and superoxide dismutase (SOD). A reduction was found in the gene expression in the hepatic homogenate of Patched 1, hedgehog-interacting protein (...

Nishim Bhusal1, Bhuwan Raj Bhatt2*, Saroj Shrestha3 and Arjun Chapagain4

...l study was conducted to determine the prevalence of fasciolosis in commercial cattle farms of Tilottama Municipality, Rupandehi district, Nepal. A total of 270 fresh faecal samples were collected purposively from the study area with different ages, sex, stage, and breeds for examination (sedimentation method) to visualize eggs of Fasciola microscopically. The obtained data were coded and analysed using Microsoft Excel 2016. The overall prevalence of fasciolos...

Saleh M. Albarrak1*, Fahad S. Aldahmashi1,2, Abdulrhman A. Alrubayan1,2, Abdel Kader A. Zaki1,3 

..., more work is needed to determine ASAs’ contribution to reproductive challenges in camels.

Keywords | Anti-sperm antibodies, Dromedary Camels, Seminal plasma, Serum, ELISA 

...

Tlou Grace Manyelo1,2, Nthabiseng Amenda Sebola1, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi2, Monnye Mabelebele1* 

...ents. The study aimed to determine whether amaranth leaf meal supplementation could improve the performance, blood parameters, and gut morphology of indigenous Boschveld chickens. A total of 200 one-day-old indigenous Boschveld chicks were randomly allocated to five treatments in a completely randomized design each with four replicates of ten chicks. Amaranth leaf meal (ALM) levels evaluated in this study were 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20% with recording weekly body w...

Shahid Amin1*, Jabbar Khan1, Imran Khan2, Dost Muhammad1, Kamran Ullah Khan1, Naqeeb Ullah Khan1, Muhammad Azhar Jameel3 

...ed with the objective to determine the hematological profile and prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases in small ruminants and to correlate it with its health status. Total of 500 blood samples (Sheep, n=250, Goat, n=250) were collected from different areas of South Waziristan. Samples were processed meant for the incidence of haemo-parasites and diverse hematological limitations were anticipated. Prevalence of haemo-parasitic diseases was recorded as 14.4, 10...

Florence N. Nworah*, Nene O. Uchendu, Ifeoma F. Chukwuma*, Emmanuel C. Ossai and Emmanuel C. Ezeako

... Blood constituents were determined to identify the presence of vitamins and minerals. Thirty albino rats used were grouped into six comprising of five rats each and each group except group A was induced with cyclophosphamide. Group A received normal saline, group B remained untreated, group C, D, E and F were respectively treated with standard haematopoietic drug, Ginovera (5 mg/kg body weight), 50 and 100 mg­­/kg body weight of raw blood and 100 mg&s...

Mahmut Islamoglu

...ression analysis, it was determined that the equation Y = -132.796 + 02.233 T + 11.646 P [where Y= Sunn pest (Number), T= Temperature, P= Photoperiods (H)] is appropriate. This model was determined to have the best correlation (r = 0.755, r2 = 0.571, n = 122, P = 0.000). Moreover; It is determined that air temperature and photoperiod affect the migration of Sunn pest positively, while othe...

Humera Manzoor1,2,5 Norbert Brüggemann2,3, Hafiz Muhammad Jafar Hussain1, Tobias Bäumer2, Frauke Hinrichs2, Muhammad Wajid4, Alexander Münchau2, Katja Lohmann2* and Sadaf Naz1*

...ings was investigated to determine the genetic diagnosis of an inherited contracture disorder. Whole-exome sequencing was performed for four participants. Variants were filtered based on homozygosity in the three patients and heterozygosity in the obligate carrier (mother), predicted effect of variants on the encoded protein, and their frequencies in public databases. Sanger sequencing was performed to explore the segregation of the variant with the phenotype....

Widiastuti Ardiansyah1,3, Osfar Sjofjan2*, Eko Widodo2, Suyadi Suyadi2, Danung Nur Adli2 

...p>...
Mansha Tahir1, Abdul Rauf2,3, Syed Ayaz Kazmi2,3*, Nuzhat Shafi2, Muhammad Hasnain Ali Gillani3, Sundus Khawaja4, Syeda Maria Fiaz Bukhari4, Tehniat Summer4 and Muhammad Majid Bashir2
...cross sectional study to determine the prevalence of hepatitis B and C infection among the general population of union council Sena Daman district Jhelum Valley, Azad Kashmir and to assess the risk factors for their transmission. From approximately 16000 total individuals of population of Union Council Sena Daman 710 (4.4%) individuals were randomly screened for hepatitis B and C prevalence using Immuno-Chromatography Kits, ELISA and further confirmed by PCR. ...
Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Innocent Mokhwee Mohlabeng and Lebelo Joyceline Selala
... correlation was used to determine the relationship between BW, TL, TD and SC, and Spearman’ rho correlation was used to determine the relationship between BCS, BW, TL, TD and SC. Pearson’s correlation results indicated that BW had a positively high statistical significant correlation with TL (r = 0.64), TD (r = 0.64) and SC (r = 0.64). Spearman’s rho correlation results indicated that BCS had a high positi...

V. Sunitha*, V. Vasudeva Rao, V. Ravinder Reddy, P. Venkateshwarlu, A.V.L.N. Ramalingeswar Rao and B. Naresh

...t study was conducted to determine the role of spotted owlet as bio control agent in agricultural landscape by knowing its food habits. A total of 282 pellets were collected during the study period were analyzed and identified by using standard keys.The diet of the owlet was predominantly insects (51%) followed by rodents (33%), herpetofauna (9.5%) and unidentified invertebrates (6.5%). Among the rodents (33%) Rattus rattus, Bandicota bengalensis, Funambulus p...

Aqsa Batool1, Masood Rabbani1*, Farhat Nazir Awan2, Sohail Raza1, Sehrish Firyal3 and Shahan Azeem1

...l study was conducted to determine the seroprevalence of BoHV-1 in and associated risk factors with disease prevalence in various agro-ecological zones of Pakistan focusing on the Punjab Province. A total of 400 samples were randomly collected from cattle and buffalo of wheat rice Punjab, mixed Punjab, cotton/wheat Punjab, Low intensity Punjab and Rain-fed Punjab zones. The study revealed individual seroprevalence of BoHV-1 49.5% in cattle and 51.5% in buffalo...

Andy1,4*, Ratmawati Malaka2, Sri Purwanti3, Hikmah M Ali2, Tutik Lusyta Aulyani4, Danung Nur Adli5 

.../p>...

Kirana D.D. Adiputra1*, Tulus Maulana3 , Ekayanti M. Kaiin3, H. Hasbi2, Herry Sonjaya2 

...s study was conducted to determine the quality fresh and frozen semen of Bali and Simmental bull in the Technical Implementation Unit of Regional Artificial Insemination Center at Pucak, South Sulawesi. Two Bali bulls and two Simmental bulls aged 5-6 were used. The parameters observed in the fresh semen were volume, pH, colour, motility, viability, abnormality, intact plasma membrane, and concentration. Meanwhile, parameters observed in frozen semen were motil...

Fahrauk Faramayuda*, Soraya Riyanti and Sitty Mahanadhiandinie

...ity. This study aimed to determine the antioxidant activity of white tea leaves grown in Indonesia using extraction methods other than brewing, i.e., maceration. Study of free radical scavenging activity of 1,1- Diphenyl-2- Picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and the determination of the total polyphenol content of white tea leaves have been conducted using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. Results of the study revealed that the antioxidant activities of the ethanol extract, n-...

Layth Saleem Salman Al-Shihmani

...aq, near the Kut Dam, to determine its chemical, physical and mineral properties. After the soil horizons of the study were determined , samples were taken from each horizon according to the specific depth of each horizon, and the laboratory examination was conducted for the physical and chemical properties. As for the mineral examination, it was conducted for only two depths (surface depth and subsurface depth). The results...

Muhammad Jamil1*, Rao Sohail Ahmad Khan2, Rana Abdul Hameed Khan3, Khezir Hayat4, Saeed Ahmad5, Abdul Sattar6, Umair Faheem7, Hira Saher8 and Ayesha Bibi8

...n-parametric approach to determine yield stability) discriminated the genotype UAM-20 (GN08) as yielder cum stable one with the least GSI value of (6) followed by VH-418 (GN03), BH-225 (GN07) and Weal-Ag-11 (GN10) with same GSI value of (8). Approval of these genotypes for general cultivation from an authorized forum may be obtained to boost cotton production in the province.

...

Rezqita Putri Pitaloka1, Kartiawati Alipin1, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2, Gemilang Lara Utama3, Ramdan Panigoro2, Ratu Safitri1* 

...e Fe. This study aims to determine the effect of sappan wood ethanol extract (SWEE) as an adjuvant and substitute for iron chelator. The adjuvant test group was given 60 mg/kg BW iron dextran (ID), 75 mg/kg BW deferiprone (DFP), and 50 to 200 mg/kg BW SWEE, while the substitute group was administered with 60 mg/kg BW ID and DFP:SWEE with a gradient ratio. The ID was given orally for the first 14 days at intervals of 3 days, while DFP and SWEE were administered...

Lopamudra Samantaray*, Yashaswi Nayak 

...ose of this study was to determine the effect of phytobiotic EOs on laying hen performance, physical characteristics, and egg cholesterol content. A total of 280 birds aged 70 days were enrolled in the study, which included seven experimental diets supplemented with EOs of black pepper, turmeric, and fennel at rates of 0%, 1%, and mixed diet at 0.5%. Hen-day egg production, feed efficiency, egg volume, and shell weight were significantly improved (p<0.05) w...

Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1 

...ic pigs still presented, determined that the routine vaccination programs used in farms can control PCV2 efficiently since continuing vaccination.

Keywords | Antibody, ORF2 gene, PCV2, Prevalence, Thailand 

...

Muhammad Khalid Bhatti, Khalil Ahmed*, Ghulam Shabir, Muhammad Irfan, Muhammad Ashfaq Anjum, Muhammad Sarfraz, Amar Iqbal Saqib, Abdul Wakeel, Hafeezullah Rafa, Nadeem Iqbal, Muhammad Qaisar Nawaz, Ghulam Qadir, Muhammad Rizwan and Muhammad Faisal Nawaz

...e Na and K contents were determined in leaves. Overall results revealed that SRI-23 and SRI-28 showed better performance than all other genotypes and produced comparatively better plant height, shoot fresh/dry weight, root fresh/dry weight, 1000 grain weight, grain yield, with low leave’s Na and high K contents. On contrary, the performance of SRI-38 and SRI-24 was poor for these attributes. It was concluded that SRI-23 and SRI-28 were comparatively salt...

Md. Aminul Islam1*, SM Mostafizur Rahaman Sumon1, ANM Aminoor Rahman2, Fahima Khatun3 

...loads of dairy cows were determined before and after treatment by Modified Stoll’s Dilution Technique using a McMaster counting chamber. A total of 85 faecal samples from five different dairy farms were examined. The overall infection rate of helminths in dairy cows is 37.65%. A total of five different types of nematodes were observed in all the investigated dairy farms. The highest infection rate (11.76%) and the lowest infection rate (4.71%) was found ...

Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2

...esia. This study aims to determine the pattern of the trading system undertaken by sugarcane farmers, to reveal the role of social capital in shaping the sugarcane trade system during the pandemic. This research is a qualitative research that uses primary data from interviews with key informants by multistage sampling technique. The data processing includes data reduction, data display using Decision Explorer version 3.3 software. Data were analyzed through de...

Ergi Bahrioglu1, Mustafa Hac Isa2, Sibel Cengiz2 and Ertan Ercan2*

...nd feeds. The aim was to determine the utilization of White worm for recycling the fish feeds in case of expiration. The white worms were either given a plant-based diet or a fish feed-based diet (commercial extruded Seabass feed) in four different culture substrates (rice husk, peat, cocopeat, garden soil). There were altogether eight experimental groups with triplicates. The initial stocking density of white worms was 150 worms/unit (2.2 Liters of cylindrica...

Uzma Zulfiqar1, Mahroze Fatima2, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah3*, Muhammad Afzal1, Shazia Shamas3, Sadia Roshan3, Moazama Batool4 and Muhammad Bilal5

... fatty acids profile was determined. From the results it was concluded that the graded supplemental vitamin E levels improve the utilization of feed and fish growth. The antioxidant enzymes activities also showed significant results by increasing vitamin E level in the diet. However, an inverse relation was recorded between the contents of liver thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) and vitamin E level in the diet. Moreover, analysis of fatty acids p...

Hashem Saeed Murad1*, Salah Jassem Amin2, Rawa’a Muhammad Al-Chalabi3, Mahmood Khalaf Wasmi4 and Sundus Salim5

...al extension workers was determined based on the following independent variables: (age, gender, upbringing, academic qualification, specialization, duration of service in agricultural extension, training courses, and the use of information sources in the Domain of climate change). The research population included 73 employees of the Directorate of Extension of Duhok. The designed questionnaire was consisted of two parts, first one included the personal, vocati...

Talat Farid Ahmed1*, Muhammad Azeem Afzal1, Hashim Nisar Hashmi2, Hafiz Muhammad Yousuf2, Shamim-ul-Sibtain Shah1 and Muhammad Atiqullah Khan1 

...e configuration (SEC) to determine the characteristics of target layer. The results showed that groundwater level (GWL) at Havelian Cantt sites was at 69 ft average depth with resistivity values between 35-56 ohm-m and formation consist of dominance of gravel/boulder mixed with sand/ sand stone and thin layers of clay. GWL at Sanjwal Cantt sites was at 50 ft average depth having low to moderate yield of water and the formation had dominance of sand with altern...
Farah Abid1,2, Mohammad Saleem1,3*, Tahir Maqbool4, Tania Ahmed Shakoori5, Faheem Hadi4, Tahir Muhammad4, Saira Aftab4, Yasir Hassan7 and Shabana Akhtar4,6*
...nation were performed to determine the values of various parameters of inflammation and arthritis. Real-Time PCR technique was applied to analyze the expression levels of different cytokines and interleukins involved in inflammation. Real-Time PCR results showed a down-regulation of TNF-α, COX-2, IL-6, IL-1β, NF-κβ1and up-regulation of IL-4, IL-10 and I-κB genes. Levels of antioxidants, superoxide dismutase and catalase were

Shaolin Zeng, Shuai Yuan* and Kai Liu

... aim of the study was to determine the effect of sevoflurane on myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (I/R) injury in rats and its causative role. The differential expressions of miRNA in the rat myocardial tissue after post-ischemic treatment with sevoflurane were screened by miRNA expression profile chip. The potential targets of miR-26a-5p were predicted by application of Targetscan, microT-CDS, miRtargetLink and miRpathDB database. The luciferin reporter groups ...

Sheeza Iqbal* and Asima Azam

...ent study was planned to determine the prevalence of sciatica with age and gender in district Nowshera and to identify symptoms and associated risk factors among male and female patients. The cross-sectional study was conducted at Qazi Hussain Ahmed Medical Complex from March to July 2020 in district Nowshera, Pakistan. A total of 150 patients with sciatica were analysed. All the patients were diagnosed with MRI, CT scan, spinal X-rays and straight leg raising...

Ilhama G. Kerimova1*, Viktor A.Krivokhatsky2, Merve N. Aydemir3 and Lala N. Mamedova4

...ecimen that could not be determined was marked as “Palpares sp. questionable”. The genetic method has finally solved this question; now Palpares sp. questionable (IGK15) is surely assigned to P. turcicus. Myrmecaelurus solaris (Krivokhatsky, 2002) (IGK2) ML. and M. trigrammus (Pallas, 1781) (IGK22) differ from each other in dendrogram by more than 10%. The NJ tree shows that the genus Myrmecaelurus (Costa, 1855) is supported by 97-100%, and it is c...

Muhammad Azam1*, Shaista Naz1*, Malik Muhammad Shafi2, Muhammad Jamil Afridi3 and Ahmad Waheed4

Ibrahim Samir Abd El-Hamid1, Alaa Emara Rabee2, Moustafa Mohamed M. A. Ghandour2, Rasha Salah Mohammed3, Ahmed Mohamed. Sallam4 

...study was carried out to determine the efficiency of supplementation phytochemicals mixture on semen quality, blood metabolism, oxidative status and testicular structures. Three groups of fourteen Damascus bucks were formed. The first group (control, n=4) served as the control group. The second group (n=5) supplemented with 10 g/head/day of plant herb mixtures (PHM), along with turmeric (Curcuma longa), ginger (Zingiber officinaleor), and garlic (Allium sativu...

Maskur1*, Muhammad Muhsinin1, Sulaiman Ngongu Depamede2 

...rsquo;s objective was to determine the presence of BMP15 and BMPR-1B gene polymorphisms and how they affected the prolific traits of Kacang and Boerka goats. This study indicates that the FecXG and FecB mutations were associated with litter size in Kacang and Boerka goat breeds. The FecXG has two genotypes in both Kacang and Boerka goats, namely homozygote wild type ++ and heterozygote mutant carrier G+ with a litter size of 1.56 and 1.65 (Kacang); 1.61 and 1....

Rao Mansor Ali Khan* and Syed Amer Mahmood 

...r that is widely used to determine the supply of food and wood. NPP incorporates almost all factors that participate in the growth and development of a particular crop. These factors include various heat fluxes (e.g., ground, sensible and latent heat flux), a variety of radiations (e.g., extraterrestrial, shortwave, longwave, and net radiations), and the photosynthesis index. In this research, the net radiations were estimated as 27,428 Wm−2 throughout t...
Wasim Akram1, Azhar Hussain2*, Sartaj Ali2, Iqbal Hussain3 and Muhammad2
...tan, this study aimed to determine the spatiotemporal variability of two species of fruit fly, Bactrocera zonata and Bactrocera dorsalis, in apricot fruit orchards. Results revealed that there was a significant difference between the species and month to month. B. zonata had a substantially larger population than B. dorsalis. To predict the spatial variability of fruit fly species, geostatistical analytic techniques were used. Using an inverse distance weight ...

Müge Aliye Hekimoglu and Sırma Sönmez

...eding trial was aimed to determine the effective rate of L-carnitine on the growth of electric yellow cichlid (Labidochromis caeruleus) fry (n: 395, initial weight:0,46 g, initial length: 2.5 cm). They were randomly placed in 50 l aquariums. Based on the basal diet (55% crude protein+14% oil), the four experimental diets were designed with supplementation of L-carnitine (0, 500, 1000, 2000 mg/kg). They were fed 10% of their weight every day. Sampling was done ...

Jin-Ming Zhao1,2, Yun Fang2 and Yue-Hua Sun2*

... egg floating methods to determine avian nest ages in future field studies.

...

I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa*, Enny Yuliani, Lukman Lukman 

...ive of this study was to determines the effect of guava fruit filtrate (GF) supplementation in Tris and Citrate-based extenders on spermatozoa quality of Brangus bull after sex-break. Semen samples (twelve ejaculates) were diluted in Tris-egg yolk (TEY) without GF (control group, T1), TEY with 10% GF (T2), Citrate-egg yolk (CEY) with 10% GF (T3), Citrate with 10% egg yolk and 10% GF (T4), then chill-storage. The variables quality evaluated include spermatozoa ...

Salma Bessalah1, Samira Jebahi2, Asim Faraz3*, Amel Raoufi2, Cem Tırınk4, Walid Dridi2, Mahmoud Daouad2, Hassib Keskes5, Touhami Khorchani1, Khaled Farah2, Abdul Waheed3 and Mohamed Hammadi1

...nctional properties were determined. The structural changes occurring after γ-irradiation at doses from 5 to 30 kGy were reported by physico-chemical techniques such as electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray diffraction (XRD) for the first time. Results revealed that gelatin yield increased significantly (P<0.05) as the extraction temperature and time increased (19.71%) at 70°C for 12 h. EPR...

Mustafa Erkan Özgür1*, Selim Erdogan2, Songül Aydemir3 and Hatice Yumusakbas2

...nd docosahexaenoic (DHA) determined no significant different (p>0.05). Additionally, we found negative correlation between the straight line velocity (VSL) and pentadecanoic acid (r = -0.78, p<0.05), stearic acid (r = -0.76, p<0.05) and nervonic acid (r = -0.89, p<0.01) for rainbow trout, while there was negative correlation (r = -0.96, p<0.05) between angular path velocity (VAP) and EPA for brown trout. Finally, it can be concluded with these r...

S. Samina and Y.I. Erum†

...m Kurram Agency was also determined.

...

N. Hajra

...ation was carried out to determine the interrelationship of arbuscular mycorrhiza (AM) fungi with root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita and their effect on carbon and nitrogen metabolism of Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standley, a mycorrhizal plant of family Cucurbitaceae. Biochemical analysis including carbon and nitrogen profiles was taken into account.The estimation of carbon profile comprising of carbohydrate, glucose, sucrose and total soluble sugars a...

A. Ghasemzadeh1, S. Jamali1†, M. Esfahani2 and H. Pedramfar1

...de species and race were determined, and after amplification of purified population on the tomato cultivar cv. Rutgers, inoculums were sufficiently obtained. In four-leaf stage of the plant growth, the nematode inoculum levels were introduced, and photosynthetic parameters were evaluated at different times. The results showed that by increasing levels of nematode inoculum, chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were highly affected. In general, the nematode-stres...

I. K. A. Ibrahim1, Z. A. Handoo 2†, A. M. Zid1 and M. R. Kantor2

.../or M. javanica (Mj) was determined in green house studies. The results showed that the cotton cvs Giza 77, Giza 85, Giza 88, Giza 89 and sesame cvs Shandwil 1 and Toshka 1 were resistant (R) to the tested nematode species. On the other hand, six flax cultivars were tested, among them Giza 1 and Giza 5 were susceptible (S) to all the tested nematode species; Giza 6 was susceptible to Ma and Mj, while Sakha 1 was susceptible to Ma only. Giza 6 was highly suscep...

Sony A.E. Moningkey1*, Ronny A.V. Tuturoong1, Ingriet D.R. Lumenta1 and Nova L.I.M. Ogi2

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the level of rumen content and sludge mixture fermented with Cellulomonas sp. in the complete feed composition to optimize the rabbit’s performance, weight increment, and food conversion. The study used 30 calf male rabbits strain New Zealand White (8–11 weeks old, 435-1,037 g). The feed consisted of fermented rumen content sludge mixture (FRCSM), and other feed materials, such as corn, coconut cake, pollard, bran...

Öznur Özil*, Öznur Diler, Mevlüt Nazıroğlu, Aşkın Atabay 

...ysts. The parasites were determined encysted in the base of the fins, muscle, inner wall of the operculum, gill arches, lips, upper jaw, body cavity and palate, forming small 2-3 mm diameter white-yellowish nodules, easy to detect in macroscopical observation. The highest prevalence of the metacercariae was in C. complanatum with 59.73% in gill tissue. The parasites were found encapsulated by a thin connective tissue each containing a single parasite in muscle...

Nadia A Eltablawy1, Ibrahim El Tantawy El Sayed2, Hamed Mohamed Abdel Barry2, Marwa A. Ibrahim3*, Maha Nageib Ahmed Serag ElDein2 

...ging, FRAP and FRAC were determined in the TME extract. Forty-eight adult male Wistar rats were divided equally into six groups: control non-treated, Doxorubicin (DOX) challenge (rats were injected with 2.5 mg/kg of DOX in six injections over 2 weeks), TME was solely administered for four weeks, two weeks pre and two weeks co-administration of TME (100 mg/kg) with DOX as well as TME (100 mg/kg) and TME (200 mg /kg) were administered after two weeks of DOX inje...
E. Yavuzaslanoglu1†, U. Gozel2, C. Gozel2 and M. Aydogdu3
...v>Study was conducted to determine the distribution of the entomopathogenic nematodes in apple growing areas in
Karaman province, Turkey and their efficacy on Galleria mellonella (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae). Soil samples were
collected from 130 apple orchards in April 2012 and 2013. Entomopathogenic nematodes were found in 25 samples
(19.23%). Entomopathogenic nematodes species isolated: Heterorhabditis bacteriophora Poinar, 19...

M. T. Javeed†, A. S. Al-Hazmi and Y. Y. Molan

...house, were conducted to determine the efficacy of some Saudi
Trichoderma isolates against Meloidogyne javanica. The isolates included: Trichoderma hamatum (one isolate),
T. viride (one isolate), T. asperellum (three isolates), T. atroviride (one isolate) and T. harzianum (two isolates).
In vitro, results showed that all eight tested isolates and their culture filtrates were effective at different levels, in
egg ...

A. A. Galal1,2, S. F. Abou-Elwafa1,3, F. J. Kopisch-Obuch1 and C. Jung1

...lations is sufficient to determine
nematode numbers instead of 10 or 12 weeks after inoculation. Moreover, measuring the root fresh weight was
necessary to calculate the relative number of nematodes/g root mass. In conclusion, results led to a more efficient,
quicker and more accurate measurement of barley infections by Pratylenchus spp. which is important for selection
during early generations of cultivar develo...

Fawzia, I. Moursy1, Amira, Sh.Soliman1, A. E.M. Khalil2,Samaa, M. Shawky2 and A. A. Taher2

... and field conditions to determine seasonal fluctuation and
application of some bioagents to control root-knot nematode Meloidogyne incognita on cucumber. Seasonal
fluctuation of the root-knot nematode M. incognita was studied on two cucumber cultivars (Madia and Slaprty)
during the period from March to November in seasons 2015/2016 and 2016/2017. Soil population increased
gradually on two cultivars during spring...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

...v>Study was conducted to determine the effect of Meloidogyne incognita on plant health and production of
tomato in field. Various strains of bacteria were examined for their influence on shoot, root length, plant
height, egg-mass, number of juveniles and number of knots per root system. Outcomes revealed that
Controlled (C1) Meloidogyne sp., Bacillus sp., (T1), Meloidogyne sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis (T2)
rem...

M.M.A. Youssef† and W.M.A. El-Nagdi

...et varieties
determined in this study could be recommended for breeding programme and could be introduced in integrated pest
management program of root-knot nematode.
...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi, M.M.A. Youssef† and M.F.M. Eissa

...era L., seedling age was determined on nematode reproduction to
susceptible date palm cv., Sewi inoculated with root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. Seedlings of 4, 3 and 2
month old supported more nematode populations than 0 and 1 month old seedlings as indicated by number of galls
and egg-masses on roots and juveniles in soil but they were rated as less affected by root-knot nematode depe...

S.A. Khan†, M. Abid and F. Hussain1

...aweeds were evaluated to determine nematicidal activity against Meloidogyne javanica (egg
hatching and larval mortality tests) in vitro. Results revealed that seaweed biochemical potential in two different
solvents viz., water and methanol @ ratios 2.5, 5 and 10%. It is observed that Sargasssum tenerrimum, Padina
tetrastromatica and Melanothamnus afaqhusainii showed maximum egg hatching (96%) and larval mortality (99%)
...

T. Shiferaw†, N. Dechassa* and P.K. Sakhuja*

...>
infested soil to determine the influence of poultry litter and rapeseed cake application against root-knot nematode
infestation in tomato var. Mraglobe. Five levels of poultry litter (control (0), 5, 10, 15 and 20 ton/ha) and three
levels of rapeseed cake (control (0), 100, 200 kg/ha) was applied in experimental plot three weeks before
transplanting the seedlings. The experiment laid in RCBD factorial arrangement. Ap...

I. Umar† and A. Mamman*

...ld trial be conducted to determine the level
of control before recommending to cowpea farmers.
...

A. Tülek, S.S. Ates, K. Akin, H. Surek, R. Kaya and İ. Kepenekci*†

...study was carried out to determine the effects of rice white-tip nematode Aphelenchoides besseyi on yield and
yield components in the experimental fields of the Thrace Agricultural Research Institute, Turkey in 2012. Four
rice cultivars commonly grown in Turkey were used in trial. The experiment was conducted as split plot in a
completely randomized block design with four replications with treatments (naturally infected seed...

A. Khan†, Saifullah, M. Iqbal* and S. Hussain

...iv>
vegetables was determined in this study. Crude extract from Pleurotus spp., were tested against Pratylenchus,
Xiphinema, Tylenchorhynchus, Tylenchus, Helicotylenchus, Ditylenchus, Psilenchus, Aphelenchus, Hoplolaimus,
Longidorus, Aphelenchoides and Paralongidorus spp. Extracts from the fruiting bodies, mushroom waste and broth
culture of Pleurotus species at four different concentrations and three time intervals we...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...bjected to an HI test to determine antibody titers. The Haemagglutination inhibition test was done using Newcastle Disease Virus LaSota strain NLT 106.0 EID50 antigen. Post-hatch feed and water deprivation durations significantly affect the production parameters. Feed intake, body weight gain and average daily gain were significantly (p<0.01) lower in the T5 group. Significantly (p<0.01), a poor feed conversion ratio was observed in the T5 group. The low...

Rukhsana Anwar1*, Ammara Abd-Us-Sattar1, Afifa Noor2, Kanwal Ashiq1,3 and Shah Jahan4 

...ulators were selected to determine pharmacokinetic interactions. Cimetidine, rifampicin, dexamethasone, and tamoxifen were selected as CYP450 modulators. In a sub-acute in vivo study, 200 mg/kg BW of both extracts were orally administered once daily for 19 days to different groups of rats. CYP modulators were administered to respective groups for last 5 consecutive days. Real-time PCR analysis of hepatic CYP450 subtypes, CYP1A2, CYP2C9, and CYP3A4 was carried ...
Jawad Ahmad1, Huang Yun-He2, Arab Hussain1, Amjadullah1, Ahmad Yar1, Subhanullah1, Zeshan Ali1, Hamid Sattar3, Tariq Hussain3, Hamayun Khan3, Ali Gohar6, Obaidullah4, Nan Zhu Fang5, Yanya Fang5, Ihsan Ali3* and Zhongshu Li5,*
...entation rate (ESR) were determined during three stages of pregnancy. The highest RBC count was recorded in group 4, The highest Hb, MCH and MCV was recorded in group 3. The lymphocytes and neutrophils were high in group 2 and group 3 respectively as compare to other groups, the leukocytes was low in group 4 and high in other groups, the eosinphil was high in group 3 where the monocytes was high in group 1 and group 3 as compared to other groups. The ESR was h...

Yanjie Liu

...e and after each test to determine changes in Immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), IL-2, WBC, natural killer (NK) cell activity, C3, C4, CH50 and body weight. We found that the levels of IgA, IgG, and IgM in the three groups decreased; while IL-2 levels increased, and the order can be ranked as control group>hypoxic group>high altitude group (P<0.05). Moreover, WBC, C3, C4, CH50, and NK cell activity of three groups ...

Rahim Bux Vistro1*, Mashooque Ali Talpur1, Irfan Ahmed Sheikh1, Muneer Ahmed Mangrio2, Rajish Kumar Soothar1, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali3,4, Imran Ali Dhamach4, Muhammd Urs Mirjat1 and Abdul Saboor Soomro2

...uction in soil EC1:5 was determined in the without-compaction/control (C1) plots under both cropping years. However, substantial change in the soil EC1:5 was observed in compact treatment three tractor wheel passes (C2) and six tractor wheel passes (C3) plots. Generally, a slight rise in soil EC1:5 was noticed in both C2 and C3 plots over C1 treatment plots for both cropping seasons. Furthermore, a slight change in the soil pH was observed in compact treatment...

Dina N. Ali1*, Sayed H. Elhabtey2*, Manal M. Amin1  

...his research was done to determine how well moringa oil (MO) and its nano emulsion (Nano-MO) work on some food poisoning bacteria inoculated into white cheese in vitro and in vivo. Prepared (Nano-MO) had the Z-average diameter of 76.04±51.13 nm and polydispersity index (PDI) of 0.319. The spherical shape of the generated nano-emulsion was revealed by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) and the flow of active functional groups was clarified by Fourier...

Majid Ali*, Hafiz Abdul Majid, Farman Ullah, Tahir waseem, Muhammad Rashid Khan 

...ent study was planned to determine the prevalence of haemoprotozoa of small ruminants in arid zone small ruminant research institute kohat from July 2017 to June 2021. The prevalence was studied in relation to species, seasons and different housing system or herds. Random blood samples were received and collected from the surrounding village of arid zone research institute kohat. A total of 726 blood sample were analyzed from both sheep and goat. Out of the to...
Makruf Arif1*, Claude Mona Airin1, Dwi Sunu Datrianto2, Dinda Anggun Roro Sejati3
...erm. This study aimed to determine additional honey to the quality of KUB rooster sperm during cold storage. The semen with superior quality was diluted into four different treatments, lactate ringer egg yolk without honey as control (LREY0),     LREY with 0.2% honey (LREY2), LREY with 0.4% honey (LREY4), and LREY with 0.6% honey (LREY6). Semen was stored at 5°C for 48 hours. The evaluation of semen quality includes an examination of spermat...
Abdelwahab Mohammed Abdelwahab1,2*, Ahmed Almadani1, Ibrahim Almehsen1
...e current study aimed to determine feed utilization, growth performance, morphological and chemical body features, and blood profile upon dietary biofloc feeding to red Tilapia fingerlings. The diets were control and biofloc (00.0%, 33.0%, 66.0%, and 100.0%). The diets were fed to red Tilapia fingerlings (14.3 ± 0.15 g) thrice a day. The study lasted fourteen weeks. Feed utilization, growth performance, morphological fish characters, chemical fish compo...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...ssential pollinators. To determine honey bee ecotypes and local species that are more resistant to pests, diseases, and pesticides, as well as to quantify the synergistic impacts of the probable causes of present colony loss, further research is required.

...

Bashir Ahmad1*, Ali Muhammad Yousafzai2, Waqar Ali1, Ikram Ilahi1, Farman Ullah3, Saeed Ahmad1, Ayaz Ali Khan1, Umair Ahmad2 and Hafsa Maria2

...arious doses was used to determine its antioxidant capacity. There were five groups each of which contains eight rabbits as experimental animals. These groups were, group A (control animals), group B (intoxicated animals), group C (Animals treated with standard drug), group D and group E (extract was given at doses of 100 and 300 mg/kg body weight after paracetamol intoxication) retrospectively. The results were contrasted with those of the common hepatoprotec...
Shaker Al-Suwaiegh
...nd body weight gain were determined. In addition, nutrients’ digestibility were determined. Blood samples were collected for determination of plasma proteins, glucose, liver enzymes and minerals parameters. The results indicated that Azolla pinnata contain protein (32.83%), crude fiber (13.6%), ether extract (1.17%) and ash (3.89%). Upon feeding, replacement diet with 20.0% Azolla pinnata caused significant increase in...

Aiman Amur*, Nasreen Memon, Reshma Sahito and Seema Memon

...5.4%, P = 0.000]. It was determined that the incidence of oriental fruit fly or other Bactrocera species was recorded in all the three cultivars throughout their fruity mango season; it was considered as life-threatening for management host fruit. 
 
Novelty Statement | This study makes it abundantly evident how the host fruit (mango), which is alarmingly vulnerable to fruit flies due to its season...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...s study was conducted to determine the clinical prevalence of diseases in cattle attended at the Upazilla (sub-district) Veterinary Hospital, Mirzapur, in the Tangail district during the period between January 2017 and December 2018. A total of 22,418 clinical cases of cattle were diagnosed using general, physical, clinical, and microscopic examinations, as well as other conventional laboratory procedures. The recorded clinical cases were classified into ten m...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Rehana Kausar2 and Shamim Akhter1

...d, is very important. To determine the optimum feeding level for African catfish culture, an experiment was conducted in earthen ponds of size 0.02 hectare each, for the period of four months at a stocking rate of 10,000 fingerlings per hectare (500 fish/acre). The experiment design was CRD with four treatments (2%, 4%, 6% and 8% feeding level of wet fish body weight daily) having 3 replications. The feeding the fish at higher levels showed higher final weight...

Mishal Bano1, Amir Shakeel1, Waqar-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Nouman Khalid1*, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Muhammad Sajid Sharif3, Sadia Kanwal2, Muhammad Asim Bhutta2, Amna Bibi2 and Ifrah Amjad1

..., VH-329×CRS-2 was determined to be a good specific combiner, and FH-342×CIM-595 shown good specific combining ability for seed density and fibre strength. For seed volume, all of the parents and their hybrids displayed non-significant GCA and SCA values. All attributes, with the exception of seed index, were governed by non-additive gene action. The information related to GCA, SCA and gene action obtained from this research will be helpful for pla...
Safika1*, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari1, Juliadi Ramadhan2
...s. This research aims to determine antibiotic resistance and the gene coding for antibiotic resistance in Klebsiella pneumoniae isolated from clinical cats in Bogor, Indonesia. This study’s total sample comprised of 58 clinical cat laryngeal swabs. Samples were isolated and biochemically and molecularly identified. The Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method was used to test positive isolates, followed by PCR method to discover the resistance coding genes. The...

Hussein Jabar Jasim1*, Amer Murhum Al-Amery2

...aim of this study was to determine the biochemical changes in the infected buffaloes with fasciolosis. Also, the current study recognized the gross and histopathological changes resulting from the invasive Fasciola spp. in the liver and gallbladder. The biochemical results showed statistically significant increases in the serum total bilirubin, creatinine, and active serum enzymes ALT, AST, ALP, and GGT. In contrast, the serum total albumin showed a significan...

Saima Akter1, Md. Rasel Prank1, Shariful Islam1, Sharmin Akter1, Injamamul Hasnine1, Murshed Uddin Ahmed2, Md. Shohel Al Faruk3* 

...ive of this study was to determine the prevalence and factors of parasitic infestation of cattle in the Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Ullapara, Sirajganj, Bangladesh. A total of 121 fecal samples were collected and examined through a direct smear to detect the presence of the egg and oocyst of parasites. The overall prevalence of cattle parasitic infestation (mixed and single) was 80.17% (N=97/121). The overall prevalence of trematode was 49.58%, n...

Jie Chen, Qinghua Qiu, Yanjiao Li, Xianghui Zhao, Lanjiao Xu, Xiaowen Xiong, Qingqi Wen, Mingren Qu and Kehui Ouyang*

...tents in adipocytes were determined by oil red-O staining. Autophagy, adipogenic differentiation and fat metabolism were evaluated by western blot. Subcutaneous pre-adipocytes proliferation rate, differentiation degree and lipid accumulation were higher than that of visceral pre-adipocytes both in HGM and LGM. In HGM group, autophagy marker genes i.e., microtubule-associated protein 1A/1B-light chain 3 (LC-3) and lipolysis protein i.e., hormone-sensitive lipas...

Songruo Tao1, Cuiyi Liao1, Jinju Peng1, Yuexia Ding1,* and Yi Ma1,2,*

...lubilizing bacteria were determined by amplifed ribosomal DNA restriction analysis (ARDRA) and enterobacterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction (ERIC-PCR) method. The results showed that the number of Operational Taxonomic Units (OTUs) types decreased with the increase of florfenicol concentration, and the percentage of OTUs number to bacteria were the lowest at 100 mg·kg-1 florfenicol concentration after 21d treating, which was...

Alsaied Alnaimy Habeeb*, Amaal M. Kamal, Mostafa Abbas A. Atta, Ahmed K. Sharaf  

...goal of the study was to determine how the 22-hour daily separation of newborn bunnies from their mothers affected the health and ability of doe rabbits to reproduce as well as the survival of the young from birth to weaning. In this study, twenty female New Zealand White (NZW) rabbits were employed, immediately following first parity. The young rabbits were left with their mothers for the first two days after kindling so they could nurse on colostrum. By addi...

Athhar Manabi Diansyah1, Muhammad Yusuf2*, Abdul Latief Toleng2, Muhammad Ihsan Andi Dagong2, Tulus Maulana3, Hasrin4, Abdullah Baharun5 

...insemination was used to determine the fertility rate (AI). This investigation revealed that the quality of the sperms from Bali-polled bulls and Bali-horned bulls did not substantially change after thawing (p > 0.05). However, sperm acrosome integrity was considerably (p < 0.05) higher in Bali-polled bulls than in Bali-horned bulls. In the profiling protein seminal plasma, ZPBP protein expression was found in the Bali-polled bull which was not found in ...

Ambrin Rajput1* and Mehrunisa Memon2

...esearch trial was led to determine various rates of P 0, 25, 38, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 P2O5 kg ha -1 on yield, uptake, P utilization efficiency of Mungbean. For this, randomized complete block design was arranged with three times. The outcome showed that Phosphorus application 50 kgha-1 P2O5 with nitrogen (N), and potassium (K) (15 kg ha-1 N and K2O) had significant effect on mungbean growth parameters, 75 kg ha-1 P2O5 gave highest result of yield related para...

ASIMA BANO1, HAFIZ MUHAMMAD TAHIR*2, AROOSA RASHEED3, MUHAMMAD ARSHAD4, SHAFAAT YAR KHAN1 & RABIA YAQOOB5

...-specific esterases were determined in the normal and breast cancer patients. The levels of non-specific esterases were higher in healthy individuals than the breast cancer patients. So, levels of non-specific esterases could be used as a marker for the diagnosis of breast cancer.
 
Key Words: Esterases, breast cancer, risk factors, diagnosis
...

MUHAMMAD EJAZ*1, MUHAMMAD JAMIL YOUSAF5, ASMA MAQBOOL3, ALTAF HUSSAIN4 & ABDUL QAYYUM KHAN SULEHRIA2

...planktonic rotifers were determined with respect to seasonal variations in a pond of Pipnakha village, Gujranwala. Sampling was executed on monthly basis at three sites of the pond from October, 2011 to September, 2012. Altogether, 74 rotifers belonging to 24 genera and 13 families were identified. Highest (128.7±40 ind/ml) ppopulation density of rotifers was observed in June while lowest (64.9±22 ind/ml) population density was seen in January. B...
 
 MUHAMMAD MUNEEB SOHAIL1, FATIMA AMEER2, GUR CHARN SINGH2, MUHAMMAD ZAID1* 
...actions were accordingly determined. Participants suffering from bacterial/viral infection, hemophilia, diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease (CVD), cancer, or anemia were excluded from this study. Statistically significant and non-significant results were obtained for different lipoprotein fractions. Although, Body Mass Index (BMI) was a good classical indicator of obesity, other indicators like A Body Shape Index (ABSI) and Body Roundness Index (BRI), al...
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
...tandardized illness were determined. Data analysis indicated that oral cancer prevalence in Pakistan is increasing year after year, with the growth being particularly pronounced in the country's male population. From 2010 to 2016, the overall prevalence was 0.1 percent. The most common age of diagnosis for oral cancer was 45-65 years, and the standardized cancer incidence rate was 633.411 i.e. 8/1000000 with a confidence interval of 95%. The study concluded th...
 
 MUHAMMAD WAHEED MUSHTAQ1*, NAUMAN JAMIL KHAN1, NAVEED ASLAM DOGAR1, AISHA HAMEED2, ABDUL HAMEED2, MALIK ADIL2, HAROON IFTHIKHAR3 & SAIRA ISHAQ
...itive and fast method to determine concentration of vitamin C (ascorbic acid) from leafy vegetables. So, concentration of Vit. C was measured spectrophotometrically by making a red color complex between 1, 10 Phenanthroline and Vit. C in the presence of ferric chloride (FeCl3). This colored product has maximum absorpt...

Arief1, Roni Pazla2*, Rizqan1, Novirman Jamarun2 

...tive. This study aims to determine the impact of giving Tithonia diversifolia plants, cassava leaves, and palm concentrates on the milk production and quality (fat and lactose), intake, and digestibility of Etawa Crossbred Goat. The supplemented treatments were: A; control ration (60% forage (CF) + 40% concentrate (CC)), B (30% CF + 30% Tithonia diversifolia (T) + cassava leaves (CL)) + 30% CC + 10% palm concentrate (PC) ), C (30% CF + 30% (T+CL) + 20% CC + 20...

SAIMA SHARIF*1, SHAGUFTA NAZ1, RIDA IRAM1, FARKHANDA MANZOOR1, TASNIM FARASAT1 and MUHAMMAD SAQIB2

...l study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anaemia in children of rural communities of Punjab from January 2016 to July 2016. The children were selected from Services hospital, Lahore and District hospital Sharqpur, Dist. Sheikhupura. A total of 500 samples of children were collected. Questionnaire was designed to collect information for studying variables regarding age, gender, father‟s occupation, parent‟s education, child‟s family income etc...

Ubaida Hussain1,2*, Amtul Jamil Sami1*, Shazia Rafique3*, Muhammad Idrees khan3 and Ahmad Ali Shahid3

...ric analysis was done to determine the vitality of HepG 2 cells for 24 h after treatment with methanolic seed extract and minimum inhibitory concentration was calculated. HepG2 cell were transfected stably to express nonstructural proteins NS3 and NS5A of HCV 3a genotype. Western blot and RT PCR confirmed stable protein expression. Immunofluorescence assay was done to check subcellular localization of these nonstructural proteins. The CC50 value for A. indica ...

Irene S. Gamil1* and Dalia Fouad1,2

...gions was carried out to determine the phylogenetic position of the new species among other proteocephalideans. Ophiotaenia tessellata sp. n. shows a close relationship to O. lapata Rambeloson, Ranaivoson and de Chambrier, 2012 parasite of the endemic snake Madagascarophis colubrinus from Madagascar; both infect African colubrid snakes.

...
Syeda Fakhra Waheed1, Asim Aslam1*, Muti-ur-Rehman Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2 and Beenish Zahid3
...her study is required to determine the pathogenicity of the IBDV reassortant and development of new policies for IBDV intervention in the country.

...

Yuhua Chen1 and Song Lu2*

...ive of this study was to determine the effect of electroacupuncture and transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation on tumor-related T cells. C57BL/6J mice used in the study were randomly divided into control and electrical stimulation group. The tumor model was established by subcutaneously injecting MC38 colorectal adenocarcinoma cells into mice. The mRNA expression of pro-inflammatory factors IL-10, IL-6 and 1L-1β of the mice was analyzed by RT-PCR....

Yang Hu, Jingxin Ding, Beilei Xu, Xiangming Sun, Guoyu Li, Hui Song, Zheng Zong and Wenlan Li*

...ike activity of TGs were determined through bivariate analysis and Grey relational analysis, respectively. Total 32 chemical components were identified, including methylated cistantubuloside B, acetylated tubuloside B, and acteoside, which are the active compounds leading to the estrogen-like activity of TGs in vivo. In conclusion, this study is expected to provide a theoretical reference for subsequent in-depth studies on the estrogen-like pharmacodynamic mat...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Ziaul Islam2, Assar Ali Shah3 and Saad Ullah1

...he study was designed to determine the effect of varying levels of soybean hulls inclusion in the diet of brown layer on, feed proximate analysis, egg quality, and economies during peak egg production period with different phases (phase-1=week 29 to 32, phase-2=week 33 to 36, and phase-3=week 37 to 40). One hundred and sixty golden misri (Brown) laying hens of age 28 weeks were sourced and reared for 40 weeks. There were 4 groups with 4 replicates per group co...

Tinda Afriani*, Jaswandi, Adisti Rastosari, Muhammad Cadilac Al Razzak, Dwiki Wahyudi 

.../p>...

Fathin Faahimaah Abdul Hamid1, Mohd Farhan Hanif Reduan1*, Jasni Sabri1 , Faez Firdaus Jesse Abdullah2,Mohammed Naji Odhah1, Nur Athirah Binti Abdul Manaf1, Mohd Jefri Norsidin2 , Siti Nor Che Yahya1, Intan Noor Aina Kamaruzaman1, Nur Zul Izzati Mohd Rajdi1 

...y changes is critical to determine the effectiveness of the treatment approach in reducing the severity of infection. Healthy goats (n=20) were equally divided into 5 groups: Mannheimia haemolytica 107 concentration was inoculated intranasally to all goats except goats of Group 1 which served as the negative control, Group 2 was the positive control, Group 3 goats treated with oxytetracycline, Group 4 goats were treated with flunixin meglumine, and group 5 rec...

Safaa Rhaimi1, Sara Brikat2, Mouloud Lamtai2*, Mohammed Ouhssine1

...50 (50% lethal dose) was determined at 3000 mg/kg. Based on these findings, the no observed adverse effect level of salvia officinalis essential oil was established to be 1000 mg/kg. Evaluation of the effect of this therapeutic dose revealed a clear anxiolytic and antidepressant actions and improved memory functioning in female Wistar rats. In conclusion, salvia officinalis essential oil produce neuroprotective activity in female rats.
 
...

Imran Khan1*, Shahid Amin2, Safiullah3, Shah Zeb Khan3, Abidullah3, Amjad Ali3, Saghir Imdad Hassan3 and Israr Ud Din3

...ive of this study was to determine the prevalence of camel Trypanosomiasis and to find the comparative infection rate in different age and sex groups of camels. A total of 300 blood samples were used for diagnosis. After analyses, 5.67% (17/300) samples were found positive for Trypanosoma evansi using thick and thin blood smears techniques as per method described by (Adam et al. 1971). A higher infection rate was found in females (6.67%) as compared to males (...

Anhar Ibrahim Elhanafy*, Amr Mohamed Mousa, Amaal Mohamed Kamal 

...igation was conducted to determine how bee venom (BV) affected blood metabolites, hematology, immunity, oxidative stress and thyroid hormones in doe rabbits at high ambient temperature. Forty mature female New Zealand White rabbits (6 months age) were divided into four groups. Three of them (0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg/doe) represent different concentrations of BV, while the fourth group was control. Twice weekly injections of does were carried out along 12-weeks. Res...

Dian Septinova*, Hananda Sofia, Nari Ratih, Armelia Rizqika, Riyanti, Veronica Wanniatie, Madi Hartono 

...esearch was conducted to determine the effect of long marinating using fermented coconut water (FCW) and storage time at cold temperatures (5oC) on the physical, microbial, and organoleptic qualities of broiler breast meat. The study was conducted in a completely randomized design with a nested pattern with 0 minutes or control (M0), 40 minutes (M1) and 80 minutes (M2) as the main factor; and storage time of 7 days (S1) and 14 days (S2) as nesting factors. The...

Muhammad Ahsan Riaz1, Ayesha Riaz2, Muhammad Asif Mahmood3, Muhammad Uzair Mukhtar3*, Zaib Un Nisa1, Beenish Ijaz4 and Muhammad Shahid Rasool5

...>Novelty Statement | The determines the body length variation of Aedes aegypti larvae with the changing seasonal temperature and evaluates how breeding water temperature affects its development.
...

Ahmad Jupri1*, Yuliana Vofi2, Faturrahman2, Immy Suci Rohyani1, Ernawati1, Bulkaini3, Djoko Kisworo3, Wardatul Jannah4 

...er analysis is needed to determine the content of other bacteria in the water at the Joben spring, Pesanggrahan Montong Gading, East Lombok. 

...

A. A- E. Abo-Elkhier1, K. S. E. Abdel-Wahab2, M. A. Ali3, M. A-H. El-Sayed4, N.A-K. Saleh5 and A. A. Atef6

...t study was performed to determine the prevalence of HEV in Egyptian pregnant women. and to estimate the risk or prenatal transmission of the virus and its effect in infected pregnant women. 120 aborted women between 17-36 years old and 120 women aged matched who had normal full-term pregnancy in labor were included in the present study. Maternal blood was tested for anti-HEV IgG and IgM antibody and the positive cases were tested for HEV Ag and HEV RNA. The f...

M. A. Amer1; M. H. El-Hammady2; H. M. Mazyad1; A. A. Shalabyl and F. M. Abo-El-abbas

...olate of PVY CP gene was determined to be 801 nucleotides in length encoding a deduced 267 amino acid. Nucleotide sequence analysis revealed a range of 96- 99.5 % sequence identity among the PVYNTN isolate (PVY-T, PVY SWS, PVY II and PVY NTN).

...

Hendy Musbawandi1, Mohammad H. Tamzil2*, Budi Indarsih2 

...s study was conducted to determine the effect of rearing broilers in positive pressure barns on the performance of Lohmann strain broilers. The study used one hundred and eighty Lohmann unsex broilers reared for 4 weeks feeding with commercial feed produced by PT. Japfa Comfeed Indonesia Tbk. The study was designed using a completely randomized design using 180 chickens. All chickens were divided into three groups with six replicates each which were the first ...

S.A. El-Kewey1; R.A. Omar1; S.A. Sidaros2 and Samaa Abd El-Khalik3

...l inactivation point was determined as 65oC, and infectivity was retained for one day only. The virus transmitted mechanically, and by means of Myzus persicue and Aphis fabue. Green peach aphid was found to be more effective in virus transmission than broad bean aphid. Virus transmission through vegetative propagation reached 100% in both cultivars (Chinese and Balady) with different degrees of symptoms severity. Plant height, leaf area. fresh and dry weight o...

Asim Faraz1*, Nasir Ali Tauqir2, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Muhammad Arslan Akbar3, Muhammad Abubakar Sufyan1, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Usman Saleem4, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5, Morteza Bitaraf Sani6, Amal AlKharusi7, Samira Jebahi8 and Ayman Balla Mustafa9

...of milk composition were determined including protein, total solids, fat, density, lactose, and solids not fat (SNF). The difference between composition of milk, and yield was found to be significantly (P<0.05) high. Solids not fat (SNF), protein, and total solids in milk were found to be highly significant (P<0.05) in early lactating and non-pregnant females while milk density and lactose were studied to be highly significant in mid-end lactating and pr...

Tanvir Ahmed1, Sachchidananda Das Chowdhury1, Bibek Chandra Roy1Shubash Chandra Das1*, Khan Md. Shaiful Islam2, Bipul Chandra Ray1, Sukumar Saha3 

...4, HI antibody titer was determined against Newcastle disease (ND) and ELISA was performed for Infectious Bursal Disease (IBD). On day 35, birds were sacrificed to determine carcass yield and harvest intestinal contents for microbial and histomorphological examination. Live weights and live weight gains were higher (p = 0.05) in PB and AGP groups with the lowest feed intake in AGP (p =0.05). AGP-fed birds had better uniformi...

Jaswandi, Ananda*, Rusfidra, Kusnadidi Subekti, Harif Gusdinal, Raziah Sri Wahyuni, Fahmi Ariansyah Caniago 

...llected and evaluated to determine their characteristics (motility, viability, concentration, and abnormalities). Semen showing motility >70% was diluted into 500µl of Ringer’s lactate solution with various concentrations of spermatozoa, namely 50×106, 100×106, and 150×106. Fertile period and fertility were evaluated by inseminating spermatozoa in hens. Eggs were collected two days after insemination and observed for embryo dev...

Riaz Hussain2*, Adnan Ihsan1*, Waqar Khan1, Shiraz Malik1, Hamza Jameel1, Hidayat Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad4, Jawad Anwar5 and Murad Ali6

...p. The aimed of study to determine the efficacy of various plant extracts viz., (Green Chili (Capsicum spp.), Garlic Fresh Cloves (A. sativum), Chinaberry Fresh leaves (M. azedarach), Eucalpytus leaves against pea aphid Acyrthosiphon pisum. The research experiment was design randomize complete block (RCBD) with three replications and two sprays were applied at 14 days interval. After 7 and 14 days of 1st and 2nd application the minimum means density of aphids ...
A.l. Abd El-Fattah; A.s. Saclik M.M. El-Kholi; I.A. Åbdcl-Hmnid and M.A. Madkour
...;">SCMV groups " as determined.
...

Rafik Soliman1*, Rafik H. Sayed2, Hanan Mahmoud3, Heidy Abo El-Yazeed1, Marsell Saad1, Shaimaa Abdelall Elsaady2, Khalid Sh3 

...re inactivated with a predetermined minimal lethal dose of gamma radiation (4krad kGy/min) and the bacterial inactivation was assured using bacteriological examination. Two experiments were done; in experiment No.1, the immunizing efficacy of the prepared vaccine was evaluated in two groups of apparently normal lactating cows (4 cows /group). The first group was unvaccinated and kept as a control group all over the study while the animals in the second group w...

Muhammad Mohsin Abbas1*, Sajjad Ur Rahman1, Muhammad Abubakar2, Muhammad Imran Arshad1 and Khurram Ashfaq3

...tan, with the purpose to determine the prevalence of FMD virus serotypes Asia 1, O and A in bovines. A total of 838 bovine sera samples were tested through Solid phase competitive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (SPC-ELISA), based on structural proteins at the National Veterinary Laboratory (NVL), Islamabad from 10 January 2021 to 09 January 2022. The overall bovine population was carrying maximum seroprevalence of serotype O (28.52%) followed by serotype As...

Jihan Abd Wahab, Nur Bahiah Mohamed Haris* and Jasmin Arif Shah

... aim of this study is to determine the skills and work performance of extension agents in their Program Development Skills (planning, implementing, monitoring and evaluating - PIME). Specifically, this research intended to determine the level of PIME skills and their work performance, to evaluate the relationship of PIME skills with the work performance of extension agent and to determine ...

Muhammad Kefayatullah* and Said Wahab

... work was carried out to determine the effect of edible coatings on the storage life of apricot fruit. The fruits were stored at 5±1°C with 85–90% relative humidity during the period of analysis. The data regarding various parameters were recorded at each 7days intervalup to 28 days of storage. The samples T1 (control), SA1 (1 % sodium alginate), SA2(2 % sodium alginate), MC1(1 % methyl cellulose), MC2(2 % methyl cellulose), P1(1 % pectin), P2...

Abid Hussain1*, Hassnain Shah1, Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal2 and Tariq Sultan3

...e technologies have been determined through marginal analysis. Unfortunately, Pak-seeder technology could not be demonstrated effectively due to few institutional and technical limitations. Thus, technical issues in its manufacturing as well as its use are highlighted. The study is based on the outcomes of six demonstration sites of micronutrients’ use for citrus and thirteen sites for vegetables’ production in tunnels viz. chili peppers, bell pepp...

Asmaa A. M. Abdel-Ghany1, Ahmed N. El Taweel2, Yassmin Moatasim2, Nagwa S. Ata1, Amany Adel3, Ayman Hany El-Deeb4, Ahmed Kandeil2, Mohamed A. Ali2*, Hussein Ali Hussein4* 

...aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of AIVs in backyard ducks and geese in Assuit governorate, Egypt during 2018, and to study the genetic features of detected AIVs. A total of 245 oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected from backyard waterfowls (ducks ≈ 92 and geese ≈ 32) either apparent healthy or demonstrated severe clinical signs of AIV infection from 5 different sites. AIVs were successfully isolated in SPF-ECE from 50 swa...

Lalu Ahmad Zaenuri*, Rodiah Rodiah, Adji Santoso Dradjat, Oscar Yanuarianto, I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa , Lukman Hy 

...he study was designed to determine the effect of Sesbania Grandiflora tablet (SGtab) supplementation in a basal diet on the semen quality of the Kacang Buck. This study was conducted on 10 mature bucks with good libido and an average age and body weight of 2.7±0.35 years and 28.4±2.4 kg, respectively. All experimental bucks received a daily diet of native grass equal to 10% of body weight from day 1 to day 20. From days 21 to 35, they received a ...

Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*

... cattle were observed to determine weight gain. The collected data were tabulated and analyzed using descriptive statistics and analysis of variance (ANOVA) using general linear model (GLM) was carried out using SAS OnDemand for Academics (ODA, Cary, NC, USA). The results indicated that the average dry matter supply was 49.6% of the cattle requirements, with 21.8% derived from forage and 27.8% from concentrate. The average daily gain was 0.4 kg/head/d, with ma...

Sahar Ezeldien1,2, Foromo Dramou2, Fatma M. Yousseff3*, Alexander A. Nikishov2, Sergy B Seleznev2

...s study was conducted to determine the effect of chamomile aqueous extract on the productivity, egg quality, and serum biochemical parameters of laying Japanese quail. A total of 42 Japanese quail were separated into two groups of 21 birds each, with three replicates per group (7 birds) at random; the control group without any additives and the supplemented group with chamomile aqueous extract (3ml/L) in the drinking water from 2 weeks to 13 week at the end of...

Sukandi Sukandi1,4, Djoni Prawira Rahardja2*, Herry Sonjaya2, Hasbi Hasbi2, Sudirman Baco2, Sri Gustina3, Kirana Dara Dinanti Adiputra1

...ound. This study aims to determine the influence of heat stress on the physiological and hematological profiles of horned and polled Bali cattle. Eight male Bali cattle (four horned and four polled) with an age range of 2.5–4.5 years were used. Parameters observed were the body’s physiological response (rectal temperature, skin surface temperature, respiration rate, and pulse rate) and hematological profile (erythrocytes, hemoglobin, hematocrit, an...

Edwin Ormachea V1,2*, Bilo Calsin C1,2, Eyner Aguilar S3, Buenaventura Ormachea V4, Henry Gonzales C1, Yecenia M. Masias G5

...tive of the study was to determine the analysis of principal components for morphological characteristics in Creole sheep. A population of 380 sheep classified by age was used and body weight data and the following morphological measurements were recorded: Head length; Head width; Head depth; Ear length; Ear width; Neck length; Neck perimeter; Height at the withers; Longitudinal body diameter; Thoracic perimeter; Bicostal diameter; Sternal dorsal diameter; Rum...

Mahpara Fida Ahmed1, Abdul Hanan2* and Sher Ahmed2

...ms size and spacing were determined by conducting two experiments at Pakistan Agricultural Research Council (PARC) center based at Quetta, Pakistan, during 2015-2016. The experiments were carried out under rainfed Conditions using Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD). In the one experiment, three treatments (T1 to T3) of corm sizes viz: large (8-11 g), medium (5-7 g) and small (less than 4 g) were used. In the second experiment, five treatments (T1 to T5) o...

Imran Ahmad

...w/w). A Texture Analyzer determined hardness, adhesiveness, cohesiveness, gumminess, and chewiness. The difference among the treatments was analyzed using standard deviation and ANOVA (p ≤ 0.05). To evaluate the various samples, a focus group of twelve panelists on the same day of preparation using a 9-point hedonic scale for seven attributes: viscosity, airiness, graininess, consistency, smoothness, adhesiveness, and color intensity. MIS concentrations at ...

Munawar Lal1*, Naeem Tariq Narejo2, Muhammad Hanif Chandio1, Faheem Saddar3, Hameeda Narejo4, Ghulam Dastagir5, Ghulam Abbas6 and Shahnaz Rashid6

...alasinus species, it was determined that the Mugilcephalus was extremely close to being in optimum condition (b =2.92 and r2 = 0.98). The length-weight analysis values and the coefficient of condition showed that the growth of the five dominant species from Nurri Lake, District Badin, Sindh, Pakistan, was nearly ideal and satisfactory. The relative condition factor (Kn) was found to be fluctuating between 0.98 and 1.01 in all five dominant species. Results ind...

Saima Mehar1, Amtul Sami2 and Erum Iqbal3*

...The nematoxic effect was determined for the extracts of Cyminum spp. (Cuminum cyminum and Nigella sativa) in methanol, chloroform, ether, butanol, and hexane on egg hatching and mortality of the juveniles of root-knot nematode Meloidogyne javanica. After 72 hours, C. cyminum (MeOH) demonstrated the maximum nematicidal activity in egg hatching (15%±2.10) of M. javanica, followed by N. sativa (Ether), 22.33±6.86%, at the lowest administered dose of...

Pawinee Kingkan1, Thanathip Supcharoenkul1, Chaowit Rakangthong1, Chaiyapoom Bunchasak1, Komwit Surachat2,3, Wiriya Loongyai1* 

...s study was conducted to determine the effects of a bacteriophage cocktail on growth performance, intestinal morphology, E coli detection, cecal bacterial composition, and the incidence of diarrhea in nursery pigs for 6 weeks. A total of 800 pigs (Large White × Landrace × Duroc) were randomly allocated to two treatments: a basal diet supplemented with a mixture of amoxicillin and colistin (Amox-Co) and a basal diet supplemented with amoxicillin and...

Md. Rashedul Islam1, Abul Farah Md. Hasanuzzaman1*, Md. Latiful Islam2, Ghausiatur Reza Banu1 

...e present study tried to determine prevalence and load of total and pathogenic bacteria in the different components of the mud crab hatchery. Selective agar media, a series of biochemical tests, and bacteria isolation kits were used for the isolation and identification of bacteria. The genus Vibrio, Aeromonas and Pseudomonas were identified in different components of the larval production line in the hatchery. V. mimicus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. harveyi and V....

Rogia SA Gomez*, Said H Mbaga 

... statistics were used to determine the relative frequencies of categorical variables. The Biosecurity Index Score (%) as a measure of adoption level was computed using 44 Biosecurity Control Indicators. The results revealed that women (74.4%) were more represented in broiler production than men (25.6%). The respondents had received either formal training (education from primary to university) or informal training (vocational training: 7.7% of respondents). Mor...

Ahmad-Ur-Rahman Saljoqi1, Imtiaz Khan1*, Ijaz Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Shahid Sattar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan and  Muhammad Salim

...2nd instar stage. Sx was determined to be maximal during the second instar stage and minimal at the pre-pupal stage. The total mortality per generation (K-value) from all immature stages was 0.26. The total female fecundity was 379.0 eggs and the fertile eggs ratio were 144 and net reproductive rate (Ro) was 2.57 eggs per female/day. The intrinsic rate of natural growth (rm) was 0.34 female per female per day, with a mean generation time (T) of 3.06 days. 1.40...
Nasir Ali Tauqir1*, Asim Faraz2, Abdul Waheed2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Irfan Shahzad Sheikh4, Michela Pugliese5 and Shahid Nazir6
...performed fortnightly to determine nutrient digestion and nitrogen balance. Blood samples were collected through jugular vein two hours post feeding and were analysed for blood triglycerides concentration, total proteins and blood urea nitrogen according to standard procedures. Nutrient intake, nutrient digestion, nitrogen balance, milk production, milk fat, total solids in milk and solid not fat did not show any treatment effect. However, milk protein percent...

Meltem Kızıl1*, Ali Rişvanlı2, Murat Abay3, Tarık Şafak4, Mehmet Akif Kılınç5, Öznur Yılmaz6, Burak Fatih Yüksel1 and İbrahim Şeker1

...aim of this study was to determine irisin, asprosin, leptin, adiponectin, and IGF-1 levels in cows and calves after calving according to the mode of delivery. The study was carried out with 20 Holstein cows and 20 calves born from these cows. Blood samples were taken from cows and calves in all groups during birth, after drinking colostrum from calves and on the 15th, 30th, 45th and 60th days after birth in 10 ml tubes. The levels of the aforementioned molecul...

Achmad Firman1*, Sondi Kuswaryan1, Lilis Nurlina1, Muhamad Hasan Hadiana1, Marina Sulistyati1, Unang Yunasaf1, Dwi Cipto Budinuryanto2, Iman Trisman3

...(ICOR) model was used to determine the economic valuation. The results determine that the analysis of Key Performance Indicators (KPIs) for the SIWAB/SIKOMANDAN program shows that the performance category was good and excellent. The proves that the five aspects assessed by KPI’s analysis, namely frozen semen distribution, cow acceptors, cow pregnancy, S/C rate, and calf’s birth are in accordance with the targets ...

Hamdi Mayulu1*, Endang Sawitri2

...antioxidant capacity was determined with Radical Scavenging Activity 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and expressed with IC50 value. The data obtained were analyzed using the single factor Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) with the IBM Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS). The results showed that the concentrations of flavonoids, tannins, and total phenolics were 51.325±1.47 mgQE/g, 553.165±34.18 mg tannic acid/g, and 339.875±18.8...

Khalil1*, Dwi Ananta1, Andri Bachtiar2, Hermon3

...er fraction content were determined. The nutritive values of stored rice straws were evaluated by feeding four male Indonesian-indigenous Pesisir cattle in a 4x4 Latin Square design. There were four experimental diets: basal diet + fresh rice straw (FRS), basal diet + stacking-supplemented rice straw (SSRS), basal diet +rolling-supplemented rice straw (RSRS), and basal diet + wrapping-supplemented rice straw (WSRS). The diets were fed. Parameters measured incl...

Chang-Man Kim1, Sam-Churl Kim2 , Young-Ho Joo2, In-Hag Choi3*

...l3 on a volumetric basis determined by the estimated final manure volume for each flush cycle. Ammonia levels were measured twice a week at 90 cm height and ammonia, hydrogen sulfide, methyl mercaptan, and dimethyl sulfide levels were measured twice a week at 10 cm height from the pig slurry pits. Over time, the addition of 0.05% and 0.1% AlCl3 decreased overall ammonia and hydrogen sulfide losses and average ammonia and hydrogen sulfide levels at 10 cm height...

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

... population dynamics. To determine intrinsic population variability in goldstripe ponyfish, Karalla daura sampled from Keti Bunder, Karachi Fish Harbour, Hawks Bay and Pasni along the coastal belt of Pakistan. Size frequency distribution based on normal distribution demonstrates that individuals of 13 cm total length were common in all groups. Some fifteen morphometric and six geometric variables were used to develop Principal Component Analysis (PCA) that rev...

Ruobing Han, Shanshan Gui, Xunwu Zhao and Heping Li*

...the present study was to determine the genetic diversity and genetic relationship in the white-red deer population. We used ten microsatellite loci to genotype all 28 white-red deer individuals in China, and constructed a Neighbor-joining (NJ) tree based on genetic distances. In addition, genetic structure analysis was carried out. The results showed that a total of 67 alleles were detected, and the average number of alleles at each locus was 6.7. There was hi...

Sarwat Yousuf1, Shaista Emad2 , Mohammad Misbah ur Rehman3, Zehra Batool4, Sara Qadeer5, Yousra Sarfaraz1, Sheeza Sheikh1, Sana Sadaf6 and Tahira Perveen1,*

.... This study intended to determine the potential role of lemon peel oil in neurobehavioral function and oxidative stress. Rats were treated with lemon peel oil at a dose of 0.7, 1.4, 2.1, 2.7, 3.5 g/kg for 14 days. Results showed that lemon peel oil at low doses has antidepressant and anxiolytic activity. Muscular strength was also improved at low doses. The brain antioxidant defense enzymes were also enhanced whereas plasma corticosterone levels were signific...

Salvator Minani1,2*, Eric Nsengiyumva1, Anatole Bigirimana1,2, Arnaud Cubahiro1,2, Dieudonné Ntakirutimana1,2 and Vénuste Bizoza1,2

... sheep were inspected to determine the presence of Fasciola spp. in their livers. The prevalence of Fasciola spp. was 13.04% (95% CI: 5.10-20.99) in cattle, 3.16% (95% CI: 0.67-5.64) in goats and 0.00% in sheep. The difference between the prevalence of Fasciola spp. in cattle and goats was statistically significant (OR= 4.60 (95% CI: 1.57-13.46), χ2 = 7.345, p = 0.007). The result of this study confirmed the presence of fascioliasis in domestic ruminants i...

You-Ming Teng, Wen-Zhou Liu and Li Yang*

...kg for 4 weeks. Our crew determined systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP). Heart mass index (HMI), left ventricular mass index (LVMI), myocardial cell diameter (MCD) and surface area (SA) were further estimated. We members determined FFA and Ang II levels. HE and Masson staining were estimated histopathological changes. The protein and mRNA expression of PPAR-α, CPT-1 as well as PDK-4 were me...

Saqib Mehmood1, Bushra Allah Rakha1*, Muhammad Sajjad Ansari2, Ali Akhter1, Nadeem Munawar1 and Tariq Mahmood1

...nt study was designed to determine impact of ecological manipulation on rodent density inhabiting croplands in district Chakwal, Pothwar Pakistan. Rodent density and crop damage were assessed in treated and reference sites each of about 2.5 ha. Four rodent species was investigated in following order of dominance: Bandicota bengalensis > Nesokia indica >Tatera indica > Golunda ellioti. Maximum (P<0.05) rodent density was found in reference sites (2....

Luigi Liotta1, Vincenzo Lopreiato1, Fariborz Asroosh2 and Alireza Seidavi2*

...pH, fat and protein were determined according to the standard methods. Macro and micro elements of milk were analyzed using inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry. Data were subjected to the two-way ANOVA analysis to determine the significant differences between species/breeds. The acidity, density and fat in Talesh sheep’s milk was higher than milk from other species/breeds (P<0.01). Also, the amount of prote...

Muhammad Aijaz1, Nasir Mahmood2, Ghulam Mujtaba3 and Imran Riaz Malik1*

...olymerase chain reaction determined polymorphism at a position (-1082 G/A). PCR products were analyzed by agarose gel electrophoresis to detect polymorphism. Further analysis was done by sequencing the PCR products from some randomly selected samples. Urban locality, drinking of non-filtered water, poor hygiene, and poor socioeconomic status are the risk factors for the onset of breast cancer in the Pakistani population. Molecular analysis of the human IL-10 g...

Muhammad Salman Ikram1, Tahir Mehmood1,2*, Sehrish Firyal3, Huma Sattar4, Shagufta Saeed3, Fareeha Nadeem3 and Muhammad Imran Mahmood Khan5

...ification which helps to determine the mutation rate of Y-STR and its relationship with paternal lineages determination. When familial searching is coupled with genealogy inquiry, the review article will help us comprehend the combined use of Y-chromosome information and family information and understand the cases on the basis of specific forensic instances.

...

Abdulaziz A. Alaqil*

...ation was carried out to determine the beneficial effects of dietary Lactobacillus acidophilus (LA) on laying hens exposed to endotoxic shock induced by intravenously injection of lipopolysaccharides (LPS). A total of one hundred twenty, 40-week-old, laying hens from the Hy-line breed were allocated at random into four groups of 30 hens each. For eight consecutive weeks (40–48 weeks of age), two groups of the layers were given a basal diet as control, wh...

Roy Malindo1, Hosea Abdiel Duto Wicaksono2, Maskur2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Osfar Sjofjan4, Siti Chuzaemi4* 

...dy aimed to simulate and determine the dynamics of feed supply under three scenarios at the Bali cattle breeding centre in Pulukan, Bali, Indonesia. The system dynamics approach were employed to develop the model, and Pulukan data from 2019 to 2021 was used to validate the model. The data were analysed using Powersim Academic version 10. The dynamic modelling consisted of three sub-models, i.e., cattle population, forage production, and concentrate supplementa...

Abdullah*, Imtiaz Khan, Muhammad Ishfaq Khan, Muhammad Ibrahim and Muhammad Fawad

...urvey was carried out to determine the major factors influencing chickpea productivity. Weeds may be one of the main causes of low productivity in Pakistan. In order to highlight the most significant and challenging weeds of the chickpea crop in the southern regions of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan, during the Rabi season 2022. Five chickpea growing regions were selected in chickpea growing area of district Karak. The quadrate method was used to

Dede Kardaya*, Deden Sudrajat, Dewi Wahyuni 

...ndomized group design to determine how it affects lamb performances. The treatments were rations containing no urea (NU), urea (U), zeolite (Z), and urea-impregnated zeolite (UZ). Zeolite or urea-impregnated zeolite inclusion into field grass-based diets of lamb maintained feed intake level, improved dry matter (DM), organic matter (OM), neutral detergent fibre (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and hemicellulose digestibility (P<0.05), and increased feed ef...

Luh Gde Sri Surya Heryani1*, Ni Luh Eka Setiasih1, Ni Nyoman Werdi Susari1, I Made Merdana1, I Gusti Ngurah Bagus Tri Laksana2, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan2 

...ding. This study aims to determine the morphometric characteristics and head index of Bali pigs using a Principal Component Analysis (PCA) approach to easily identify the phenotypic characteristics. The samples include 50 Bali pigs that are intensively reared in Musi Village, Gerogak District, Buleleng Regency, Bali Province, Indonesia. The measurement data were analyzed using PCA to reduce and interpret the measured variables. The results showed that the aver...

Komal Javed1, Sohaib Muhammad1*, Zarghaam Khan1, Sehar Fatima1, Hassan Nawaz1, Mahrukh1, Tahira Khalid1 and Shariat Ullah2

...nd percentage cover were determined. A total of 19 families were present in all three crops. Fumaria indica of Family Papaveraceae had the highest IVI value of 12.14 while Persicaria longiseta of Family Polygonaceae had the lowest IVI value of 1.13. Poaceae was the largest family representing 11 species, Asteracea occupies the second position with 9 species followed by Fabaceae with 5, Brassicaceae and Solanacea having 4 species each, Polygonaceae with 3 speci...

Salman Ahmad1*, Muhammad Asim1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed2, Muhammad Atiq3, Yasir Ali4, Hafiz Bashir Ahmad5, Malik Abdul Rehman6 and Naeem Akhtar7

...on analysis were used to determine the relationship of ACP with CG, and the relationship of environmental factors with ACP. Surveys were conducted to record the incidence of CG and estimate the yield losses caused by it. The study of population dynamics of ACP revealed that ACP population was higher between 7th to 14th April and 11th to 18th September, during 2017 and 2018. While, there was less ACP population between February 10th to 2nd March and 10th July t...

Supawadee Piratae1*, Noraphat Khiewkham2, Nattawut Maungmungkun2, Chanakan Tippornwong2, Tossapol Seerintra2, Sirikanda Thanasuwan3, Luyen Thi Phung4 

...NA gene was performed to determine the prevalence of ehrlichiosis and anaplasmosis in 127 dogs collected from Rayong province, Thailand. To confirm the identification of these two pathogens, PCR was performed to detect the citrate synthase (gltA) gene followed by sequencing. In addition, the haematological responses of dogs infected with E. canis and A. platys were evaluated. By PCR, 22.8% (95%CI: 15.9-31.1) of the dog samples in this population were positive ...

Ahmed El-Sayed Ismail 

... infection by H. zeae to determine the biotic effect of the host susceptibility on development and reproduction of the nematode, the final population and rate of build-up of the nematode were more remarkable on Giza 2 cultivar than on Kahera 1. Due to the high suitability of Giza 2 for nematode reproduction, there was more pronounced damage to plant growth in Giza 2 than in Kahera 1. As for the second factor, the nematode final population and rate of buildup c...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...d. The sperm quality was determined by system automatic sperm analyser for sperm motility parameters, and by confocal laser scanning microscope for sperm membrane integrity parameters. Sperm lipid peroxidation was also analysed through malondialdehyde production. The study found that there was a gradual decrease in all sperm quality indicators of all the treatments during 12 days of storage. In addition, the chilled sperm motility parameters among all the seme...

Yoshio Hamano1*, Yasuji Kurimoto2 

...t study was conducted to determine the single or combined effects of LIP and AWP on growth performance and free amino and fatty acid profiles in chicken muscle obtained under different feeding states. At 14 days of age, chicks were allocated into four groups and fed diets supplemented with LIP (100 mg/kg) or AWP (20 g/kg) for 26 days as a 2 x 2 factorial design. At 40 days of age, breast muscles as antemortem tissue were harvested from 8 birds under fed condit...

Ayoub Hadjeb1,2*, Ismahane Lebbouz3 and Yasmine Adjami4

...Dagla and Ghars).We have determined the influence of different food substrates on biological parameters of dates moth. While the nutritional quality of the three varieties of dates has no effect on the fertility of females and eggs. The control of this pest requires knowledge of the bio-ecology under the effect of various biotic and abiotic factors. This results will represent a fundamental data in mechanisms interpretation of variation in abundance of this pe...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4,Wan Nur Hanani Wan Roslan1, Athirah Zawani Zulkifli Amin Rashid1, Siti Aisyah Mohd Hafiz Ngoo1, Mohd Hezmee Mohd Noor1, Muhammad Azrolharith Rashid1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Danung Nur Adli5, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3* 

...  

...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

... property parameters was determined to be a supplementation of 100 µg/ml essential oils, which demonstrated a significant difference from the control treatment throughout the 12-day storage period (P<0.05). In summary, the results indicate that the properties of dog sperm during preservation are influenced by the dosage of Ocimum gratissimum leaf essential oils in a manner that depends on the concentration. The most favorable outcomes were observed wh...

Yao Xixi1, Zhou Rui2* and Ma Yinshan3

...hering time of forage to determine nutrient composition of forage, fermentation parameters of rumen fluid, and CLA in milk fat. The correlation analysis was studied in order to find out the influence of forage and rumen fluid parameters on the content of CLA in milk of grazing yak. The results showed that the phenological phases significantly affected the content of lauric acid, myristic acid, palmitic acid, stearic acid, linoleic acid, linolenic acid, total f...

Rashid Saraz1, Saiqa Amur1, Zia-ul-Hassan1*, Naheed Akhter Talpur1, Inayatullah Rajpar1, Muhammad Sohail Memon2, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro3, Khalid Hussain Talpur1 and Nizamuddin Depar4

...) and potassium (K) were determined using standard protocols, with no further alterations. Soil variability mapping was done using ArcGIS ver. 10.7. through IDW interpolation. The results reveled that majority (40%) of soils were clayey in texture, followed by clay loam and silty clay loam (16% each). Slightly to moderately medium-textured soils were dominant, followed by heavy clays. Majority of soils had high to excessively high salinity (56%) followed by th...

Ertika Fitri Lisnanti1,4, Widya Paramita Lokapirnasari2*, Eka Pramyrtha Hestianah3, Mohammad Anam Al Arif2, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi4,5 

...s study was conducted to determine the effect of marsh fleabane leaf extract on the blood profile and glucose concentration of broilers. This study used a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatment is carried out as follows: P0: Control / without adding Marsh fleabane leaf water extract in drinking water, P1: Drinking water plus marsh fleabane leaf extract at a dose of 4ml/litre, P2: Drinking water plus Marsh fleabane leaf extract at a dose of 6ml/litre,...

Jaisy Aghniarahim Putritamara1*, MB Hariyono1, Budi Hartono1, Hery Toiba2, Hamidah Nayati Utami3, Moh. Shadiqur Rahman2, Tina Sri Purwanti1

...try (with business sizes determined based on the number of workers, assets, and turnover as stipulated in the Law of the Republic of Indonesia No. 20 of 2008 concerning MSMEs. The second criterion is having been in business for at least ten years. The findings show that IC mediates CKM in achieving CA. There are also positive impacts of CKM on IC, IC on CA, and CKM on CA. The results indicate that young firms have higher IC, empowering them to obtain CA. This ...
Tabark F Ahmed, Nibras Z. Yahya*
 
...tericidal effect. It was determined that in vitro study against E. coli O157 in the treatment of urinary tract infection, the combination of ascorbic acid and ciprofloxacin was both more potent and safer than the combination of ascorbic acid and erythromycin. From this study concluded the combination of ciprofloxacin, and erythromycin against isolated E. coli showed that this microorganism is highly sensitive to ciprofloxacin and resistance to erythromycin.

Mohamed Mahrous Amer1*, Hanaa Sayed Fedawy2, Hoda Mohamed Mekky2, Khaled Mohamed Elbayoumi2, Ahmed Ali El-Shemy3, Mohamed Abd El-Rahman Bosila2

... growth performance were determined. Hematological parameters, liver and kidney functions were also recorded. Colistin+ Doxycycline combination (Doxyforte®) was used to control the infection. Clinically, site of infection was appeared red, swollen accompanied with increased skin thickness, postmortem lesions in the 3rd day post infection with s.c. yellowish suppurative exudates, pericarditis and perihepatitis were prominent E. coli infected with hepatic su...

Novirman Jamarun1, Roni Pazla1*, Arief2, Elihasridas1, Gusri Yanti3, Rani Winardi Wulan Sari4, Zaitul Ikhlas4

...tein. This study aims to determine the intake, body weight gain, and digestibility of nutrients of goats fed mangrove leaves and T. diversifolia with different levels. The research employed 16 one-year-old goats and divided them into groups according to their body weight. The concentrate utilized in the study comprised tofu dregs, corn, rice bran, palm kernel cake, minerals, and salt. A randomized block design with four treatments and four groups of goat body ...

Rusul Adnan Dawood, Hasan F.K. Alghetaa*

...exudate was collected to determine the population of infiltrating cells by using trypan blue dye. Analyzed data revealed that there was renal dysfunction represented by significant (P<0.05) increase in blood urea of HD and HR groups in comparison with control group. Total antioxidants were significantly (P<0.05) higher in the blood of HR group than all others. Moreover, peritoneal exudate showed significant (P<0.05) exacerbation of immunocyte counts i...

Lichun Jiang1,2*, Lan Zhu1, Meiqi Li1, Xinyue Bao1, Zhenkun Zhao2, Haifen Qin2 and Wei Chen3*

.... In this study, we have determined the complete sequence of the mitochondrial genome of the tufted deer, by using a long polymerase chain reaction (PCR) technique. The entire mtDNA sequence is 16,196 bp in length, which compared with previous studies is the least, containing 13 protein-coding genes, two ribosomal RNA genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, and a non-coding control region (CR, D-loop). The overall base composition included 33.37 % A, 29.33 % T, 23.94 % ...
Muhammad Shoaib1, Muhammad Mahboob Ali Hamid1, Shafaq Amir2, Shaukat Ali Bhatti1*, Hafiz Hassan Iqbal1, Najam-us-Sahar1 and Mubsher Hussain1,3
...study was carried out to determine the efficacy of lipase and emulsifier + lipase in broilers reared on energy diluted diet. Five hundred and twenty birds were divided into 8 treatments groups with 5 replicates of 13 birds in each. Total 8 diets viz., PC (Positive control), NC1 (Negative control 1; 75 Kcal/kg reduced energy), NC1L (NC1 + lipase at 0.015%), NC1LB (NC1 + lipase at 0.015% + bile acids at 0.05%), NC2 (Negative control 2; 150 Kcal/kg reduced energy...

Kiran Afshan1*, Sobia Baseer1, Shanza Kiran1, Ghulam Narjis2 and Sabika Firasat1

...atios were calculated to determine the strength of association. The overall T. gondii infection was 60% with LAT, 52% IgG, and 56.26% with IgM ELISA. The seroprevalence was 7.2%-15% among the five study districts of KP province. The toxoplasmosis was found significantly (p<0.001) higher in 34.7% to 44.2% of pregnant women as compared to non-pregnant. The high prevalence of infection was recorded among women belonging to the 20-30 years and 31-40 years age g...

Irtaza Hussain1, Muti ur Rehman Khan1*, Asim Aslam1, Masood Rabbani2 and Ahsan Anjum1

...the current study was to determine the prevalence of contagious ecthyma along with the association of various risk factors in goats and sheep through qualitative enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). This technique is sensitive and cost-effective for detecting disease in large no of animals. For this purpose, serum samples from 350 goats and 91 sheep were collected on the 20th day post-infection for detection of antibodies, and essential information relat...

Rosidi Azis1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Sri Wahjuningsih2, Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono3, Yuli Arif Tribudi4, Veronica Margareta Ani Nurgiartiningsih2* 

...) between BW and BMs was determined, and the simple and multiple regression analysis were performed in a Matlab R2021a. The quality of fit of the models was evaluated using the coefficient of determination (R2) and root mean squared error (RMSE). The results showed that BW had a positively high significant correlation (P < 0.01) with HH (r = 0.756), BL (r = 0.754), and CG (r = 0.877). The stepwise regression results showed that the model using three predict...
Nabila Rasheed1, Shumaila Usman2*, Madeeha Sadiq3, Bushra Wasim3, Kanwal Haneef4, Hafsa Shafqat3, Tabinda Urooj3 and Saman Rashid4
 
...is study was designed to determine the effects of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) on proliferation of WJMSCs (GDM-WJMSCs). Mesenchymal stem cells were isolated from Wharton’s jelly tissue of normal(healthy) samples and from the GDM affected sample. The isolated cells were characterized for the presence of stem cells markers by Immunocytochemistry. After characterization, the analysis of GDM effect on WJMSCS proliferation rate was analyzed by calculat...

Sherein H. Mohamed1, Soad El Naggar2*, Ayman A. Hassan3, Mohamed A.M. Mousa3, Mohamed M. Basyony3, Mohamed F. Sadek3, Mohamed A. A. Ahmed4, Saadia M. Hashem5 

...ive of this study was to determine the influence of five herbal extracts in rabbit diets on productive performance, digestibility, cecal fermentation, antioxidant enzyme activities, immunity and meat quality. One hundred twenty six male growing New Zealand White rabbits aged eight weeks old with an average body weight of 675±47.95 g were divided into six equal groups 21 rabbits each, control diet group, C fed the basal diet and the other five groups (GE...

Mohammed Naji Odhah1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1*, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Bashiru Garba5, Zaid Mahmood1, Eric Lim Teik Chung6, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila7  

...gation was undertaken to determine the antibody titre (IgM and IgG) in does challenged with C. pseudotuberculosis and its Mycolic acids (MAs) immunogen extract. About 12 healthy crossbred female Boer goats were assigned into three groups (A, B and C), each comprising of 4 goats. Group A (Negative control group) was inoculated intradermally with 2 ml of sterile phosphate-buffered saline (PBS-pH 7); Group B (Mycolic acid group) was inoculated intradermally with ...

Imbang Dwi Rahayu1, Ali Mahmud1*, Wahyu Widodo1, Adi Sutanto1, Apriliana Devi Anggraini1, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Wisnu Nurcahyo3, Tri Untari3

...ken. This study aimed to determine the effects of giving herbs as feed additives through feed and drinking water on the biochemical parameters of broiler blood. In this study, 175 chickens were used and divided into seven levels of treatments; T0 (feed without herbs), T1 (feed + 1% herbs), T2 (Feed + 2% herbs), T3 (Feed + 3% herbs), T4 (drinking water +1% herbal), T5 (drinking water + 2% herbal), T6 (drinking water + 3% herbal). The data were analyzed using a ...

Mudawamah Mudawamah1*, Sumartono Sumartono1, G. Ciptadi2, E. Susanto3, Y. Hartoyo4, L. Affandhy5,6

...ails. This study aims to determine the differences in the relationship between physiological status, morphology, and total protein of the single and twin ewe sheep and their crosses. The research method was a field study with quantitative and laboratory analysis, with statistical analysis using ANOVA and LSD with SPSS Statistic 9 software. The research design used descriptive with total sample of 60 heads (morphometry and physiological status) and 24 heads (to...

Reza Esmaealzade Dizaji1, Arasb Dabbagh Moghaddam1*, Arash Ghalyanchi Langeroudi2, Mohamad Foad Heydari3, Seyyed Javad Hosseini Shokouh4 and Ana Shirzad Shahrivar5

... in wound tissues and to determine mRNA expression of inflammatory and pro-inflammatory cytokines. We found that the PRP/BNF group and the PRP group had faster wound healing rates than the model group at each time point in the current investigation. The same results were corroborated by the pathological score of skin wounds stained with H&E. Researchers found that in comparison to the control group, those in both the PRP/BNF and PRP groups had significantl...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...ter. This study aimed to determine whether the free-range production system (FRPS) for broiler birds would reduce foot pad lesions and the risk of bacterial infection. The study followed a completely randomized design, comprising of four treatments and three replications, with each replication consisting of 20 birds. Treatments A, B and C, where the birds were under FRPS at 2, 3 and 4 weeks of age, respectively, and the conventional complete confinement, treat...

Mehmet Akif Cam1,* and Koray Kirikci2

...aim of this study was to determine the effects of the birth type on milk yield (MY), milk characteristics and milk somatic cell count (SCC) in two Turkish sheep breeds. In this study, 3.0-3.5 years old Karayaka (n=35) and Bafra ewes (n=45) were used. Animals were kept until their milk yield was reduced to 50 g/d. The lactation milk yields (LMY) of single and multiple bearing ewes in Karayaka and Bafra breeds were 99.48±9.66 and 126.01±10.75 kg (P...

Eman M. Abdelhady1, Nader Y. Mostafa1, Mohammed A. El-Magd2* and Ghada A. Kirrella1

...ed from 150 to 350 nm as determined by transmission electron microscopy. Comparing the effect of the two chitosan products, CNPs exhibited higher antibacterial properties against S. aureus and E. coli, as revealed by lower minimal inhibition concentrations than the CP. Among these bacteria, E. coli was the most sensitive to CP and CNPs. Minced meat samples treated with CNPs showed significantly lower E. coli and total mesophilic counts than samples treated wit...
Sri Rahayu*, Muhaimin Rifa’i and Widodo 
...onal biology analysis to determine the role of GFD9 in mammalian ovarian function. We constructed a three-dimensional model of GDF9 using I-TASSER and human GDF9 protein sequences obtained from UniProt. We also analyzed GDF9 gene expression levels using GENEVESTIGATOR. Furthermore, we identified the proteins that interact with GDF9 using the Biological General Repository for Interaction Datasets and investigated their network formation using the STRING databas...

Wei Wang1, Meifeng Zhou2, Yuebo Liang1, Fan Zhang1, Zhong Wu3, Shaowei Mo4* and Yi Qing Wang1*

...cted. Cell viability was determined using MTT assay. Cell apoptosis was analyzed by flow cytometry. Protein and mRNA expression was measured using western blotting and RT-qPCR, respectively. The mRNA and protein level of YAP was significantly increased in the tumor tissues of HER2-positive breast cancer patients. Consistently, the expression of YAP and TAZ were both dramatically upregulated in SK-BR-3-TR cells. The cell viability was increased, while cell apop...

Tasleem Akhtar1*, Muhammad Farooq Nasir2, Imran Bodlah2 and Muhammad Adnan Bodlah3

...ich has been utilized to determine the effectiveness of this agent in reducing pest damage. Biology of the A. smithi reared on A. pisum in the laboratory at 23± 1°C has been studied. The development cycle of A. smithi from larvae to adult was completed in about 11 days. The pre-mating period of males (n=10) varied between 5 and 8 min (mean: 4 min). Copulation time (n = 10 pairs) was between 33 and 55 sec (mean: 45.2 sec). Oviposition time (n = 10 fe...

Abdullah Alsrhani1*, Aisha Farhana1, Shahid Hussain2 and Muhammad Ikram Ullah1

...the present study was to determine serum concentrations of thyroid hormones, serum thyroid antibodies, and serum 25(OH)-D and underscore the association of vitamin D with thyroid function in HT. A cross-sectional study comprising 150 subjects, including 80 HT cases and 70 healthy controls was carried out. The serum thyroid hormone concentrations (FT4, TSH), serum thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO, anti-Tg), serum 25(OH)-D, serum ferritin, blood hematocrit, and mean...

Jemi Diporianto1,4, Denny Widaya Lukman2*, Yusuf Ridwan3 

...he uncertainty level was determined based on the guidelines provided by The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA). The final assessment of the risk of Trichinella spp. introduction through the transportation of wild boar meat via Bakauheni Port indicated a moderate likelihood with low uncertainty level. The moderate likelihood level indicates that the event was equally likely to occur or not occur. Therefore, risk mitigation measures should be developed to red...

Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3 

...nishing cattle is highly determined (p<0.05) by body condition change, weight gain, feed intake and market price. Moreover, cattle market prices are highly influenced (p<.05) by fasting season, market type/distance and body condition. Therefore, by-product-based beef cattle production systems are practiced in Wolaita, southern Ethiopia and are associated with low-input systems. These has to be improved if beef production in the area is to operate on a co...

Arnold Christian Tabun*, Ferdinan Suharjono Suek, Cardial L Leo Penu, Johanis A. Jermias, Thomas Lapenangga  

...esearch objective was to determine the Bali cows with different coat color in Kupang district based on DNA analysis using the cytochrome b (CYT B) gene. The methods used CYT B gene base methods of DNA analysis such as DNA extraction, Polymerase Chain Restriction, DNA sequencing, and identification of DNA sequences nucleotide. Bali cows with sorrel, black and white coat colors are used with an age range of 3-5 years. DNA sequencing conducted multiple alignments...

Meryem Betmezoğlu1*, Dilek Arsoy2 and Mahmut Çerkez Ergören3

...nt study was designed to determine the putative allele frequencies and genotype distributions of Caprine­ Prnp gene variations in Northern Cyprus Damascus, Cyprus Native Hair and hybrid goats. Four different locations in the Northern Cyprus were selected for targeted gene sequencing. Blood samples were collected from 50 Northern Cyprus goats. Genomic DNA was extracted from goats’ whole blood. As a result, ten different Caprine Prnp polymorphisms were...

Rahamdad Khan1, Saad Muhammad2, Muhammad Haroon3, Saad Jan1 and Syed Majid Rasheed1*

...aim of this study was to determine the effect of light duration on the growth performance of Parthenium hysterophorus and Cannabis sativa. The results showed that under reduced light duration (2 hours), plant growth performance (i.e., biomass, plant height, leaf area, and number of branches) was all reduced. In addition, with increasing light duration (9 hours), both species grew faster and recorded their maximum biomass plant height, leaf area, and number of ...

Momina Raheem1, Muhammad Fiaz2*, Muhammad Mushtaq1, Umana Niazi1, Evelyn Saba3 and Mansoor Abdullah3

...was designed with aim to determine varying levels of supplementary crushed rapeseed (CRS) a month before and two months after lambing on ewe’s and lamb’s performance in Salt Range sheep. Pregnant sheep (n = 12) were chosen and divided into 3 equal treatment groups. Ewes in control (T0), T1 and T2 treatment groups were supplemented with CRS at 0, 25 and 50 g/d, respectively. Data of parameters were collected and analyzed through ANOVA technique usin...

Saime Betül Baygeldi1, Barıs Can Güzel1*, Ramazan Ilgün2 and Zait Ender Özkan1

...German goose tongue were determined, SEM (FEI-Quanta; FEG 250, USA) analyzes were made and their general structures were photographed. Then, silicone plastination processes were applied at room temperature. The SEM images of the fresh material and the plastinated material were compared by taking the SEM images again. As a result, it was determined that the features of the tongue were preserved macroscopically after the plast...

Blessing Ndenum Peter1, Olufemi Bolarinwa Adedeji1, Reuben Chukwuka Okocha2,3*, Ekemini Moses Okon4 

...s. Therefore, this study determined the microbial quality of ready-to-eat shrimps from three major seafood markets in Ibadan. Ready-to-eat shrimps were collected from 80 outlets at the three major seafood markets in Ibadan (50 from Bodija, 15 from Alesinloye and 15 from Eleyele) and checked for microbial presence, microbial counts, and antibiotic sensitivity patterns of the isolated bacteria. The mean total bacterial and coliform counts were 6.40 log CFU/g and...

Yunilas1*, Muheri Indra Aja Nasution2, Edhy Mirwandhono1, Adi Fathul Qohar3 

...ore, this study aimed to determine the effect of using organic acids (propionic acid and formic acid) and various fermentation times in reducing the BSFP chitin content. Completely Randomized Design (CRD), factorial 3 x 3 with three replications. Factor I was various doses of organic acid (3%, 6%, 9%), and Factor II was different fermentation times (5 d, 10 d, 15 d). The treatment had a significant effect (P<0.05) on color, odor, texture, and total titrated...

Muhammad Haseeb Malik2, Muhammad Moaeen-ud-Din1*, Ghazal Kaukab Raja2 and Feroza Hamid Wattoo2

...cies in both breeds were determined for discrimination ability using AFLP. The probability of identifying Sahiwal breed was 0.86 and probability of misjudgment was 0.021 using single selected marker. However, probabilities for judgment and misjudgment with two markers and combined with three markers were 0.745, 0.367 and 0.964, 0.376 respectively. The results demonstrated that Sahiwal breed and crossbred could be tested using the given markers and can be verif...

Kusuma Adhianto*, Mika Tania Sidabutar, Liman, Arif Qisthon 

... Brahman cross cattle to determine their effects on the performance. This research was conducted between October and December 2021, involving Brahman cross cows (n=9) aged 8-12 months. The study utilized a randomized block design (RBD) with three treatments and three groups. The treatments administered were as follows: P0: 80% basal feed + 20% corn cobs without ammonia (0% urea), P1: 80% basal feed + 20% ammoniated corn cobs (2.5% urea), and P2: 80% basal feed...

Salma Jameel Askar 

... albino male rats and to determine the effects of Beetroots ethanolic extract in alleviation these alterations. Eighteen male albino rats were used, and they were divided into three groups of six animals each: G1, which received a dose of distilled water as a negative control; G2, which received a dose of meloxicam at 1.3 mg/kg.BW was a positive control, and G3 received a dose of meloxicam and beetroots ethanolic extract. Each animal received a single oral dos...

Nabi Ullah, Abdul Samad Mumtaz*, Lubna Anjum Minhas, Muhammad Kaleem, Rooma Waqar, Amber Jabeen and Ayesha Hanif

...identify morpho-taxa and determine the seasonal link between algal diversity and water physico-chemical parameters in District Bajaur, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Total of 52 algal species belonging to 2 classes, 6 orders, 13 families, 22 genera, were reported from the four different sites (E1, E2, E3 and E4) of District Bajaur Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. Comprehensive investigation of four research stations revealed the phytoplankton diversity from Chlorophyceae to Cyanophyc...

Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1 and Abdur Rahman Ansari1

... of current study was to determine the parasitic burden in doves through the routine laboratory procedures. The prevalence of Eimeria and Capillaria spp. were recorded as 75% and 25% respectively in district Jhang. Whereas, mixed infection (Eimeria spp. + Capillaria spp.) was not detected in the examined birds. Eggs per gram (EPG) counted through McMaster technique for the Eimeria was 700, while that for Capillaria was 850. Proper control measures, good manage...

MAH NOOR KHAN, NABILA ROOHI, BILAL JAVED & MUHAMMAD AMIR IQBAL*

...mone and TSH levels were determined in the worker of automobile workshops and petrol filling stations workers through ELISA. A total of 44 exposed individuals (25 automobile workshop and 19 petrol filling station workers) having an age range of 24-45 were recruited from Lahore city. Twenty one (21) healthy controls of the same age range were recruited from University of the Punjab, Lahore. A significant decline (P ≤ 0.05) of T3 was seen in automobile worker...

MUHAMMAD ASLAM*, ASAD GULZAR, AMINA ASGHAR, MISBAH IRSHAD, ZAHRA NOREEN, SADAF JAVAID, ABRAR HUSSAIN, UMAIR AHMAD & SAMREEN KOUSAR

.../div>
validated to determine linearity, precision, accuracy, ruggedness and
robustness. The results of above analytical parameters proved that the
developed method could be used for the routine analysis of
levofloxacin in injection dosage form. The proposed method is free
from expensive solvents, chemicals and time consuming steps and
can be used in quality assurance laboratories of pharmaceutic...

Salam N. Aritonang*, Elly Roza, Rizqan, Winda Habsani 

...

This research aims to determine the growth of crosses between Swamp and Murrah buffaloes in Humbang Hasundutan Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia by measurement of body size and body weight. We used 80 buffalo crosses at ≤ 6, 7−12, 13−18, and 19−24 months of age. The research methods used census and survey methods with purposive sampling techniques for determining the research location. We observed variables such as body weight, chest ci...

Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1*, Rawaa Saladdin Jumaa2, Nibras Zeyad Yahya1 

... on bacterial strain was determined using macro-broth dilution, agar well diffusion methods and time kill curve. Results revealed that the used juice extracts were variously bacteriostatic and bactericidal against the examined bacteria depending on concentration. Phytochemicals analysis indicated the presence of alkaloids, phenol, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, and glycosides. The test organism was more sensitive to C. limonum compared to C. aurantium. The MIC...

Muhammad Ashfaq ur Rahman1*, Saleem Khan1, Aurang Zeb1, Zia ud Din1 and Zafar Iqbal3 

...kistan, were surveyed to determine their body weight before and after receiving dietary counseling. A total of 150 patients were enlisted for this prospective analytic case-control (case-cohort) double-blind, randomized feeding experiment, with each group receiving 15 participants on average. Nutritional counseling sessions were provided to patients in the nutrition therapy groups in order to urge them to follow one of nine pre-tailored diets designed to meet ...

Hui Fang*, Kai Xue and Teng Yang

...as performed in vitro to determine the expression of miRNAs and mRNAs associated with ADPKD. In the results, 2 DEMs and 1090 DEGs were identified. While DEGs that were downregulated tended to be enriched for metabolic pathways, DEGs that were upregulated tended to be enriched for beta-alanine metabolism, alanine, aspartate, and glutamate metabolism. The miRNA-mRNA network consisted of 2 miRNAs (miR-199a-3p and miR-107) and 7 mRNAs. It appears that miRNAs may p...

Romedi Çelik

...s study was conducted to determine the phenotypic characteristics of the angut pigeon breed, which is native to Şanlıurfa, where pigeon breeding has been done traditionally for a long time and is also one of the domestication centers. In this study, we adopted 146 angut pigeons comprising 72 males and 74 females. Additionally, four different colour variations were determined: yellow angut (41.1%, n = 60), red angut (35.6%,...
Fariha Javaid1*, Zahoor Qadir Samra1, Madeeha Shahzad Lodhi1,2, Aroosha Hussain1 and Gulnaz Pervaiz1
..., peel, and stem BRM was determined 0.8, 1.2, and 1.4 U/mg, respectively. Total protein content was 660 mg, 810 mg, and 865 mg from leaf, peel, and stem samples. The percentage yield of BRM was determined in the range of 60 to 93 % from these waste parts of the plant. This study achieved 4, 6, and 7-fold purification for leaf, peel, and stem BRM, respectively. This study showed positive results for utilizing affinity-purifie...

Erni Damayanti1, Herry Sonjaya2*, Sudirman Baco2 and Hasbi Hasbi2

...tion. This study aims to determine the developmental ability and to measure the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) in Bali cattle embryos produced in vitro. 542 oocytes were matured in TCM 199 medium, were fertilized and were cultured using CR1aa medium for 48 h. After 48 h of culture, the embryo developed into 2, 4, 8 and 16 cells. Furthermore, it was grouped based on the stage of development, each of which was re-cultured for 48 h. After that, its dev...
Ummul Firmani1,3, Rahmi Nurdiani2, Arning Wilujeng Ekawati2 and Happy Nursyam2*
...he probiotic potency was determined using amylolytic assay, synergistic activity, hemolytic activity, and antagonistic activity. The results showed that there were several types of bacteria found in the digestive tract of milkfish. One of these bacteria could produce an amylase enzyme with an amylolytic index of 5.16, identified as Bacillus paramycoides. This bacteria also synergized with other bacteria and did not have hemolytic activity on blood agar media. ...

Shafi Muhammad1, Bibi Nazia Murtaza2, Aftab Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq3, Nurul Kabir4 and Hamid Ali1*

...lular carcinoma (HCC) is determined by the distortion produced in the normal structure of liver. Pakistan bears the second highest numbers of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections after Egypt. Although the role of IL-17A in chronic liver diseases (CLD) had been extensively studied, there is little to no data available on the serum profiling of IL-17A in HCV patients from Pakistan. Thus, we investigated the relationship between serum levels of IL-17A and age in ch...

Urosevic Milivoje1, Matejevic Milosava2*, Mandic Radomir3 and Dameski Pance4

... aim of the paper was to determine the absolute and mean values ​​of the length of the left horn and of the right horn, the circumference of the horns, span of the horns, annularity and curve of the horns, as well as the existence of mutual dependence between certain parameters of mouflon trophies. Using the method of descriptive statistics, the mean values ​​of the length of the left and right horns were obtained. Results showed that the right horn wa...

Sha Li1,2, Yacheng Hu1,2, Wenjing Li3, Wei Su1,2 and Wei Jiang1,2*

...text-align: justify;">We determined the length-weight relationships (LWRs) and length-length relationships (LLRs) for nine fish species belonging to three families inhabiting the Yichang reach of the middle Yangtze River, China. The samples were collected with gill nets (2×50 m, mesh size: 40 and 60 mm) between November 5th, 2019, and December 31st, 2019. A total of 1252 specimens were used to estimate the related parameters. The LWRs parameters of all ...

Vijay Kumar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Nazar Ali Korejo1, Ambreen Leghari2, Faiz Muhammad Khand2, Riaz Ahmed Leghari1, Khaliq-ur-Rehman Bhutto3 

...resistance patterns were determined using the disk diffusion method. Salmonella were detected in 22, 19 and 10 samples, showing prevalence of 40.0, 42.22 and 40.0 percent in broiler, layer and ducks, respectively. Duck isolates exhibited 100 percent resistance against tetracycline, sulfamethazine and doxycycline, followed by ampicillin that showed 70% resistance. In case of layers tetracycline, sulfamethazine and doxycycline showed 100 percent resistance to Sa...

Nur-E-Farjana Ilah1, Md. Joynal Abedin2, Esmout Jahan Alice1, Taiba Akter Laboni1, Mst. Shahinur Khatun1, Most. Shakila Sarmin1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Obaidur Rahman1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Muhammad Ali Fardoush Siddquy3 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...sexual maturity (Lm) was determined as 12.36 cm TL. The natural mortality (Mw) was calculated as 1.57 y-1. A major connection between KR and BW for this species, indicating that KR was an exceptionally significant in revealing the health of A. atropos. Thereafter, a high condition rating (KF, KA, and KR) indicates that the species is in short and deep shape. This study found that the habitat was in a state of equilibrium and the mean WR indicated that there wa...

Nimra Altaf1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1*, Muhammad Afzal1,2, Muhammad Arshad1, Samina Khalid3, Naunain Mehmood4

...damage to maize crop. We determined the effectiveness of various insecticides against S. frugiperda and their ability to deter feeding. Radiant and voliam flexi had the highest mortality rates of 95.0% and 91.7%, respectively, at higher concentrations, while Coragen and Proclaim were moderately effective, with mortality rates ranging from 36.7% to 81.7%. The least effective insecticides were Match and Sunitol, with mortality rates ranging from 26.7% to 58.3%. ...
Nighat Nisar*, Hasina Maham Qadri, Asad Afridi, Muhammad Sami Khan, Muhammad Abdullah Khan
...s study was conducted to determine the quality of services and significant factors leading to students’ level of satisfaction towards services provided by cafeterias in public sector medical institute of Karachi, Pakistan. A cross sectional study design was adopted with a sample size of 318 round of to 400 and by using qouta sampling. A self-administered questionnaire was used to collect data regarding cafeteria use, food consumption, frequency, waiting ...

Slamet Widodo1*, Mohammad Ikhsan Shiddieqy1, Teguh Wahyono2, Yeni Widiawati1, Zultinur Muttaqin1

... and gas production were determined in this study. The most significant correlations were between OMdPeps and NdPepsin, CP and NdPepsin, OMdPeps and CP, CP and Fat, CP and Ca, OMdPeps and Fat, DMdPeps-Fat with the highest R (0.853 to 0.985) and R2 (0.728 to 0.970). In conclusion, there were significant correlations among different components in forage that could provide essential information to research scientists and farmers. 
 
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Hamdy Abdala El-Nagar1, Abdelaziz Mohamed Elhais2, Ayman Hassan Abd El-Aziz3, Wael Mohamed Wafa1, Mohamed Sobhy Elsayed Farrag2, Moataz Ibrahim Badawy1, Safaa Elsayed Salah Atia2

... the resent study was to determine impacts of feeding milk supplemented with propolis thyme, or both, as antioxidants, on growth efficiency, liver function, kidney function, total antioxidant capacity, and immune response of Friesian calves from 7 to 105 days of age as an experimental period. Newborn male calves (n=20) weighing 37.92±0.63 kg were divided into 4 groups, five calves/group. The first group (G1, control) included animals without treatment. ...

Sri Suharyati, Tiwi Aries Pani, Akhmad Dakhlan, Syahrio Tantalo, Kusuma Adhianto*

...District and we aimed to determine the body weight and body sizes of Saburai goats doe who have single and twin birth types. Data collection was carried out on 62 Saburai goats doe in the study area. Data were analyzed by t-test. The results showed that the average body weight, body length, shoulder height, chest circumference, chest width, chest depth, hip width, and hip height were 43.62±1.08 kg, 62.79±2.76 cm, 62.31±1.57 cm, 75 .74&plus...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...round carbon density was determined at 33.60 t/ha. In Reserved Forest the aboveground carbon stock is 42.29 t/ha whereas in Guzara Forests, this carbon is 27.20 t/ha. Similarly, belowground carbon stock in the landscape was estimated as 9.74 t/ha. Litter carbon was estimated as 1.97 t/ha and organic soil carbon was estimated at 55.47 t/ha. Carbon density is higher in all pools of Reserved Forests as compared to Guzara Forest. Carbon density in the reserved for...

Nurul Fajrih1,2, Komang Gede Wiryawan1*, Sumiati1 and Suraya Kaffi Syahpura3

...phase. Further tested to determine the content of glucomannan in the extract. The extract was tested as carbon source for lactic acid bacteria (L. plantarum and L. rhamnosus) and pathogenic bacteria (E. coli and Salmonella). Bacterial growth Media using control media without sugar sources, MRS + glucose media, and MRS + banana corm extract (BCE) media. Based on the results of the study, BCE contains glucomannan by 33.59% with a yield of 14.15%, and in vitro te...

Abd-Alfattah Abd-Alhamid Alderey1, Nabila Elsaid Mahmod El-Kassas1, Eman Said El-Hadad1*, Manal Hamdy Gomaa1, Eman Ashour Hussein2  

... production of hens were determined, and blood samples were taken for hematological and biochemical assays. Results showed significant (P<0.001) increase in feed intake with all SOP diets compared with controls. Feed conversion ratio was improved (P<0.05) in response to feeding hens on the diet containing SOP15%+E compared to control. Number, daily mass, and production rate of eggs were increased (P<0.001) by SOP15%+E and SOP20%+E or DY. Egg shape ind...

Ahmed Al-Hasnawi*, Wafaa Kadhim Jasim

...ent investigation was to determine if aloe vera extract had any protective effects against the hematological and histopathological alterations brought on by azathioprine. animals are evenly divided into four categories: (G1) group: were received distilled water. (G2) group: were administrating azathioprine (50mg/kg. b. w). (G3) group: were administrating Aloevera gel extract (500mg/kg b.w). (G4) group: were administrating azathioprine (50mg/kg. b. w) and aloe ...

Lukmanhy1*, Enny Yuliani1, I Wayan Lanus Sumadiasa1, Lalu Ahmad Zaenuri1, Mardiansyah2

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the effect of sugarcane juice addition to egg yolk tris-buffer diluent on the semen quality of Kacang goats at 5°C storage. Semen samples were collected twice a week from a 2-year-old Kacang goat using an artificial vagina. The study design consisted of three treatments; T0, T1, T2 and T3, consisting of 0%, 10%, 15%, and 20 % of sugarcane juice, respectively. The measured parameters included progressive motility, viabilit...

Naeem Tariq Narejo1*, Muhammad Hanif Chandio2, Faheem Saddar3, Majida Parveen Narejo4, Bushra Ainy Dars5, Hafeez ur Rehman Narejo6, Athar Mustafa Laghari2, Shafiq ur Rehman Shaikh3, Shahnaz Rashid7 and Ghulam Abbas7

...g at 3.6 mg/l. The study determined that the feed with a protein content of 40% was suitable for promoting the growth efficiency of Oreochromis niloticus when grown in glass aquaria. 

...

Saman Rizwan and Sohaib Aslam* 

...rom a sugarcane field to determine carbon mineralization patterns. Two different residue management practices were chosen for this study; mulched (soil covered by residues) versus incorporated (residue incorporated in surface soil layer). Carbon mineralization patterns under two treatments were unique from each other. The results showed that all treatments enhance the carbon mineralization in soil with addition of residues compared to control. Soil treatment w...

Muhammad Mukhtar*, Syamsul Bahri, Syahruddin 

...ive of this study was to determine the effect of applying liquid organic fertilizer on the growth and biomass production of elephant grass (Pennisetum Purpureum). This study used a completely randomized design consisting of 4 treatments and 4 replications. The study treatment was liquid organic fertilizer (LOF) from various manufactured products, namely Genetic-plus and Bio-love, and as a comparison, LOF Bio-urine produced from the biogas process. The research...
Waheed Ahmad1, Muhammad Tayyab1*, Bushra Muneer2*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Mansurud Din Ahmad3, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Nauman Aftab2, Sehrish Firyal1, Muhammad Wasim1, Muhammad Azam4, Muhammad Talha5 and Ali Raza Awan1
...t study was conducted to determine the efficacy of novel thermostable protease in poultry production. The protease was produced from Geobacillus sp. SBS-4S using Luria Bertani medium and it was used as supplement in poultry feed trial. The data were statistically analyzed by Multivariate Analysis of Variance. For feeding, 150 day-old broiler chicks were divided randomly into 5 groups having 30 chicks each. Group A served as negative control, group B, C and D a...

Fatemeh Beheshti1, Maliheh Safavi2, Mohammad Reza Akbari Eidgahi1,3, Parviz Kokhaei4, Mehdi Vazirian5 and  Ali Akbar Shabani1,3*

...pose of this study is to determine the antioxidant capacity of Ipomoea purpurea leaves that grows in Iran as well as the chemical composition of the leaves. Thus, using in vitro established procedures, the antioxidant capacity of organic and aqueous extracts of I. purpurea leaves was assessed. Further, the ethanol and chloroform extracts of I. purpurea leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Concentration-dependent scavenging o...

Abdul Hayee Gabol1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal1*, Lubna Bashir Rajput1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano2, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi3, Ghulam Qader Mangrio1 and Jam Ghulam Mustafa Sahito4

...tudies were conducted to determine the relative resistance of widely grown hybrid (Rota F1, Early King, G1612, NAGA F1 and T-1057) and local tomato varieties (Desi Local and Shimlo) of Sindh, Pakistan against T. absoluta. All the varieties grown with standard agronomic practices as data on infestation of T. absoluta was taken weekly since the fifteen days of tomato transplanting depending on its characteristic damage symptoms. Both local tomato varieties were ...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...on in the study area was determined. A total number of 1390 diseases cases were recorded randomly irrespective of age, sex, breed and season over the study period, among them 325 case were clinically diagnosed as Lumpy Skin Disease. The overall prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease in cattle was 23.38%. The prevalence of Lumpy Skin Disease was maximum 33.84% at age of 0-6 months, in compared with 20.00%, 32.30%, 13.84% at age category 6-18 months, 18-36 months, >...

Lu Yang1,2*, Ke Zhang3 and Jin-Hui Wang1,2,4

...ere performed to further determine their structures. In the results, ten N-acetyldopamine dimers were isolated and their structures were elucidated. This study provides a basic reference for further biological effects study on Periostracum Cicadae.

...

Yanmei Wang1,2, Haoyun Li1, Lijuan Han1 and Wenkui Wang1*

...A expression levels were determined by qRT-PCR. The protein expressions and distributions were detected by Western blotting and immunohistochemistry. The results showed that, the mRNA expression of MIF, Raf, ERK, Akt, GSK3β, cyclin D1, Rb, E2F in PH group were significant higher than that of control. Moreover, the expression levels of MIF, p-Raf, p-ERK, p-Akt, p-GSK3β, cyclin D1, p-Rb, E2F proteins in PH group were significantly higher than that of t...
Hyun-Su Hwang1, Jae-Kang Lee2, Tae-Kyung Eom2, Seung-Hun Son3, Dong-Ho Lee2, Hyeongyu Ko2 and Shin-Jae Rhim2*
...os were then analyzed to determine the frequency of visits, duration of stay at the feeder, frequency of pecking on food items, and number of consumed food items. Moreover, social behaviors were analyzed. In this study, we used peanuts as high-fat food type. Peanuts were consumed at the highest frequency by marsh tits (Poecile palustris), great tits (Parus major), and Eurasian nuthatches (Sitta europaea). In addition, the type of food, temperature, and metabol...

Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2 

...ypolipidemic effects. We determined dyslipidemia and inflammatory state induced by exposure to silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) in female rats could be ameliorated by the administration of Curcumin Phytosome nanoparticles (CPNPs). Curcumin Phytosome NPs’ impact on dyslipidemia and inflammatory state in SiO2NPa-exposed female rats was investigated. Approximately 32 female rats were divided into four groups as follows: T1: was administered oral 200 ...

Aniqa Nasir1, Rashid Masih1, Shazma Massey1*, Laiba Arshad2, Sabi Ur Rehman2, Irva Waqar1 and Anwar Khalid3

...ing and its stability is determined by thermal analysis by using advanced isoconversional method. Isoconversional method is used to determine kinetic triplet including activation energy, pre-exponential factor and mechanism of thermal degradation. The prepared dressings were subjected to thermal analysis. Thermogravimetric analysis showed that the degradation of wound dressing occurs at 225˚C - 400˚C. Thus, the dressing wa...

Ismail Demircioglu1, Yasin Demiraslan2, Barıs Can Güzel3*, Ali Koçyigit4 and Aysegül Demircioglu5

... aim of this study is to determine whether or not kinship relations, and breed factors of Hamdani and Awassi sheep have an effect on the shape by using geometric morphometry method through their crania. For this purpose, heads of 7 adult Hamdani sheep and 10 adult Awassi sheep were used for the dorsal analysis of cranium and heads of 8 adult Hamdani and 9 adult Awassi sheep were used for lateral analysis of cranium. In the dorsal and lateral comparison of the ...

Nusirat Aderinsola Sadiku1, Oluwatoyin Adenike Fabiyi2* and Tesleem Taye  Bello

...ntial is yet to be fully determined. We, therefore, investigated the nematicidal activities of Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor in managing root-knot nematodes of Lactuca sativa in greenhouse trials. Bambusa vulgaris biomass was carbonised at 500 oC in a locally fabricated pyrolizer with automatic temperature control to obtain the Bamboo Pyroligneous Liquor (BPL). Two weeks old lettuce plants were inoculated with 1,000 juveniles of Meloidogyne incognita. BPL was app...

Shu-Zhi Qin, Wen-Pei Ling, Mei-Fang Yin, Chun-Yu Luo and Cheng-Guo Zhao*

.../2 and JNK proteins were determined by WB technique. The results showed that, compared with control group, LDH, AST content, ROS level, apoptosis rate, Caspase-3, p38 MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK protein expression in H/R group were significantly increased, while cell survival rate and Bcl-2 protein expression were significantly decreased (P <0.05). Moreover, compared with H/R group, H/R+PF group could reduce the levels of AST, LDH, ROS (P <0.05), reduce the apopto...
Xiao-Wei Huang1,2, Mei-Li Liu1, Jin-Ji Wang1, Yue-Xin Liu3, Zhe Lin1, Chun-Shu Rong4* and Ji-Xiang Ren4*
...o acids (AA) in VAP were determined using pre-column derivatization-high performance liquid chromatography (PD-HPLC). Wistar rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n=10 per group): control, model, piracetam (PIR), VAPH (300 mg/kg VAP) and VAPL (200 mg/kg VAP) groups. After intragastric administration, the rats’ behavioral indexes were observed through the open field test (OFT), and the levels of superoxide dismutase (SOD), malondialdehyde (MDA), brain...

Merita Ayu Indrianti1,2*, Didi Rukmana3, Eymal Bahsar Demmallino3, Muh. Hatta Jamil3

...or farmers whose land is determined in the LP2B program.
 
Keywords | Sustainable food land, LP2B, Gorontalo district, Regulations, Staple feed
...
Qingsen Ran1,2, Manjing Li3, Jiayin Han3, Lifang Wang3, Han Wang3,4, Shaobo Liu5* and Yanping Wang1*
...e K-M method was used to determine the difference of OS rate with high and low risk scores. The accuracy of risk scores were determined based on receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve. Hierarchical analysis and Cox regression were performed to assess the correlation between CC risk score and clinical symptoms. Moreover, qPCR was used to verify the expression level of prognostic genes in human colorectal cancer cell li...

Shehar Bano Bhatti1, Muhammad Irfan Malik2, Rabia Faryad Khan1, Mahmood Ul Hassan2, Muhammad Shahbaz Aslam3 and Zaigham Abbas1*

...ers. This study aimed to determine the association of HLA DRB1 alleles with atopic asthma in the Pakistani population. Blood samples of 568 subjects were collected from Punjab, Pakistan. HLA typing was performed by using sequence-specific primers (SSP). Total immunoglobulin E (IgE) was estimated by ELISA. Graph pad Prism 8 was used for statistical analysis. HLA DRB1* 0701-02 and HLA DRB1* 1301-04 showed a positive association with atopic asthma having an odd&r...
Morcos Ibrahim Yanni1* and Eid Elsaid Abdelaziz2
...s samples were picked to determine their N and P genes by sequencing further (at the level of nucleotide and amino acid). The N and P genes in this study isolates have a great similarity to previous isolates from Egypt as well as adjacent bordering countries. At the N and P genes level, the isolates bear little resemblance to the vaccinal strains (Evelyn-Rokitnicki-Abelseth, Pasteur, the China human rabies vaccine strain AG and others at this study) due to the...
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.A. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1, Basma Hamdy2, Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3
...resh and dry weight were determined. Biochemical markers as indicators for systemic acquired resistance; total proteins, salicylic acid, phenol, proline, oxidative enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase) and virological assessments were assayed. Reduction in the disease severity of treated foliar ChNPs and BM fig plants was recorded. Systemic acquired resistance was detected related to Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid, Phenol, Proline...

Milena Vlahovic*, Dragana Matic, Marija Mrdakovic, Larisa Ilijin, Anja Grcic, Aleksandra Filipovic, Jelica Lazarevic and Vesna Peric-Mataruga

...to larval mass (PMM) and determine the plasticity of this trait and the correlations between midgut enzymes and PMM under stress conditions. Fourth-instar larvae were exposed to acute and chronic effects of two cadmium concentrations, 10 and 30 μg Cd/g dry food, as well as a three-day recovery from chronic treatments. PMM is also an indirect indicator of food consumption and was found to be significantly reduced compared to control in both acute effects and...

Oghenebrorhie M. Oghenochuko1,4*, Olubukola T. Adenubi3, Olusola L. Ajayi3, Fakilahyel M. Mshelbwala3, Johnny O. Olukunle3, Samson A. Rahman3 and Godfrey N.O. Ezeri2

...position of the bulb was determined. Onion bulb revealed presence of carbohydrate (7.82%), protein (4.48%), crude fiber (1.68%), iron (0.5mg/l), magnesium (210mg/l), flavonoids (0.46%), saponins (0.28%), tannins (0.95%). PCV, Hb, RBC and WBC were increased in all treatments but values were higher in bath treatment for RBC (3.0×1012/L), PCV (32.7%), Hb (10.7%). MCV, MCH and MCHC showed similar trend. Similar trends as in RBC and WBC were observed in total...
Rabiea Pervaiz, Shaista Bano*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio, Abdul Nabi Jatt and Aisha Amber Soomro
...the isolated strains was determined by sequencing their 16S rRNA genes. The isolates identified as B. pseudomycoides were screened for their antibacterial potential. In order to circumvent the trouble created from rhizoidal colony morphology of B. pseudomycoides, a colony mutant of a strain showing strong antibacterial activity was obtained by screening/selection method and designated as B. pseudomycoides strain SB138m. The sequence of 16S rRNA gene of both wi...

Ho Thi Dung, Nguyen Van Chao, Nguyen Thi Hoa, Le Dinh Phung, Tran Thi Na, Nguyen Thi Thuy, Tran Nguyen Thao, Pham Hoang Son Hung* 

...ned. This study aimed to determine histomorphology change and tight junction genes expression in the cecum of chicken exposing to heat stress. Fifty broiler chickens at 14 days old were randomly allocated to the thermoneutral control (TC) treatment and the high ambient temperature (HT) treatment (5 cages of 5 chickens per treatment). The broilers of the TC treatment remained under a constant 26 ± 1°C (mean ± standard deviation), while those o...
Suneela, Sajida Mushtaq*, Sadia Maalik, Asma Waheed Qureshi and Moazama Batool
...esponding Analysis (CCA) determines the impact of different environmental factors on presence of different species.
...
Muhammad Fiaz Qamar1*, Tahir Hussain1, Iram Liaqat2, Madiha Kiran1, Abdur Rahman Ansari3, Faiza Yasmeen1 and Tahira Batool3
...s was the first study to determine the incidence of these parasitic infections in pigeons of district Jhang. However, further studies are necessary to confirm the reported incidence in the current investigation by means of advanced molecular techniques. 
...
Budi Utomo1*, Amaq Fadholly2,3, Endang Tri Margawati2, Alek Ibrahim2, Ristaqul Husna Belgania1, Muhammad Fajar Amrullah1, Rimayanti1 and Hermin Ratnani1
...fy;">This study aimed to determine the kinship and genetic diversity between Limousin and Madrasin cattle based on the sex determining region-Y (SRY) gene. SRY gene is used in the analysis of genetic diversity for sex determination based on the paternal pathway (Y chromosome). The DNA samples used for this study were 10 frozen straw of Limousin cattle and 10 samples of Madrasin cattle. The method used in this research was a descriptive analysis by duplex polym...
Nauman Jamil Khan1, Rabia Tariq2, Hina Saleem2 and Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq2*
...rimetry are developed to determine the quantity of sodium. Spectrophotometric methods are cheap, easy to handle and more precise to quantify sodium in food contents.
...

Rizki Dwi Setiawan1, Zurmiati2, Wizna2, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli2, Ade Trisna3, Surya Aulia4 

...ied. This study aimed to determine the effects of probiotic administration (Bacillus subtilis FNCC 0059) on the proximate composition and physical characteristics (color, water-holding capacity, cooking loss, and hardness) of Bayang duck meat. This study used five treatments, with four replicates for each treatment. Probiotic supplementation at four different concentrations (76 × 106, 69 × 108, 65 × 1010, and 53 × 1012 CFU/mL) was perfo...

Abdul Aleem Memon1*, Inayatullah Rajpar2, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro2, Javaid Ahmed Shah3

...th the addition of K. To determine the impact of K fertilizer sources on the growth and development of sunflower seedlings on artificially established calcareous soils, we carried out a pot study. The experiment included two K sources, sulphate of potash (SoP), and muriate of potash (MoP), and four different lime content levels (<5, 10, 20 and 30%). The results showed that increasing levels of lime decreased growth parameters viz. shoot height, root length,...

Montesqrit Montesqrit1*, Harnentis Harnentis1, Sepri Reski1, Fadhli Fajri2 

...

This research aims to determine the best level of red onion skin extract (ROSE) as a replacement for synthetic antibiotic growth promoter (AGP) in the diet of laying quails. The laying quails (n=180) used in this study were 44 weeks old, with an average production of 55%. The experiment followed a completely randomized design, with three treatments: A (basal diet + Zinc bacitracin), B (basal diet + 1% ROSE), and C (basal diet + 2% ROSE). Each treatment was ...

Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2 

...ant effects. We aimed to determine how silicon dioxide nanoparticle (SiO2NPs) exposure to female rats affected the oxidative state. Ultraviolet-visible (UV-VIS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were used to investigate SiO2NPs and Curcumin Phytosome nanoparticles (CPNPs). Intense surface plasmon resonance at 1041 nm revealed the formation of silica nanoparticles. The two bands at 326 and 422 nm were ascrib...

Maria Endo Mahata1*, Yose Rizal1, Zurmiati1, Sepri Reski1, Indah Fitri Sakinah Limbong2, Dian Saputri2 

...stry. This study aims to determine the effect of partial replacement of traditional feed ingredients like corn and rice bran with brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium on broiler performance. The study employed a fully randomized design, incorporating four replacement treatments (0%, 6%, 12%, and 18%) of brown seaweed Sargassum crassifolium within the broiler diet. Each treatment was replicated five times. A total of 100-day-old chicks were used in the experime...

Mahdyl , A.M.M.; Hafezl , M.A.; EL-Dougdoug2, Kh. A.; Fawzyl , R.N. and Shahwanl , Eman S.M.•

...cid (SA) activities were determined in the inoculated and non-inoculated tomato plants. Identify of CMV was confirmed by some differential hosts and dot blot immunoassay (DBIA) using polyclonal antibody specific CMV. Water extracts of Mirabilis jalapa, Clerodendrum inerme and Kombucha as antiviral to control the virus infection and detection systemic acquired resistance (SAR) Were Studied. SAR was detected by determination of salicylic acid (SA) resulted induc...

Sofyl *, A.R.; Soliman , A.M.; Mousal, A.A. and El-Dougdoug , Kh.A.

...ture for HSVd-EG-RNA was determined using its primary sequence at 370C. The sequence appeared to fold into a rod-like structure at -122.1 kcal mol-I while CCaVd-EG at -120.5 kcal mol-I. lhe five domains of the rod-like structure were determined. The sequence variations between Egyptian cit-us gummy bark isolate and Egyptian citrus cachexia isolate in the pathogenic domain (P) tend to influence the pathogenicity of the HSVd-E...

SHARAW11'2*S S. S. A.; AL-HOFUFY2, A. N. and AL-BLOW12, M. H.

...es are currently used to determine the viral nucleic acid (NA) in clinical samples for diagnostic purposes. In disease management contexts, until now, a little have been described for the molecular detection of camel pox virus (CPV). This study reports the development of a Real-time polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) for detection of CPV using SYBR green I chemistry. A total of 15 specimens from camels suspected of being infected with CPV were collected from R...

Khatab, Eman A.H.; Zein, Salwa N. and Ahmed, Amal A.

...he prepared antiserum as determined by indirect ELISA with dilution of tissues 1/5 was 1/1024. Purification of the immunogamaglobulin G and conjugate of IgG with alkaline phosphatase were carried out to be used for ELISA detection. The concentrations of IgG and IgG conjugated with alkaline phosphatase were 1.0 mg/ml and 1:1000 respectively. Antiserum produced specific to BBTMV was used for virus detection by using different serological diagnostic methods. The ...

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...the prepared antisera as determined using ELISA was 1/2000. Electron microscopic examination of infected leaves of N. clevelandii founed various cytological abnormalities. Due to the non-availability of sources of resistance in Egypt to TMV-S in sunflower, a mutation breeding program was initiated. Seeds of two genotypes were subjected to four doses of gamma rays; O, 100, 200 and 300 Gy from a 60Co source. Ml and M2 generations were sown at the experimental fa...

*El-Helaly, Sahar H.; ** Ahmed, Amal A.; * Awad, M.A. and ** Soliman, A.M.'

...ein gene (CP) of AMV was determined from cDNA clones. The CP gene was cloned into pGEM-T Easy vector, and transformed into Escherichia coli (E. coli) strain DH5a. The recombinant plasmids were obtained and sequenced. The nucleotide sequences were compared with corresponding viral nucleotide sequences reported in GenBank. The analysis showed that nucleotide sequence of the Egyptian isolate of AMV (GenBank Accession No. HQ288892) had percentage of similarity ran...

Fadia M. Attia and Hanaa H. A. Gomaa

...eal time PCR was done to determine the level of viremia before induction of therapy. In addition, complete blood count, prothrombin time and liver function tests were performed. The results showed that leucopenia and thrombocytopenia are more frequent in HCV patients with moderate degree of viremia than patients with mild viremia than those with no viremia (p<0.05). Moderate neutropenia (< 1000 /ul) and moderate lymphopenia (< 1000/ul) are observed in...
Eman, M. M. Soliman*; Taha, M. M.*;El-Sanousi A,;Shalaby M. S. Wasscl , Youscf Adel*
...accinated sheep has been determined by using both serum neutralization test (SNT) and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) on sera collected weekly up to 7 weeks post vaccination, where the antibody titer elevated from I st WPV till reach the protective level at 5th WPV. Effective doses in mice has been calculated in mice by inoculation of 5 groups of mice (10 each) with 2 doses of five fold diluted vaccine; inoculated mice have been challenged I/P w...

Sabry Y. M. Mahmoud; Maher H. Hosseny and Mamdouh H. Abdel-Ghaffar

...s in vitro plantlets was determined by double antibody enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (DAS-ELISA) and biologically test before and after treatments The two cycles of thermotherapy at approximately 370C, during 40 and 30 days, resulted in 33.3 and 14.2% PVY elimination, respectively. Thus, these results indicated that thermotherapy is moderately efficient for viral eradication. Chemotherapy was undertaken with 20 mg Ribavirin (RBV); it is showed the medium r...

Manal A. El-Shazly1, A. s. 2 Abdel Wahab and Salwa N. Zein3

...die prepared antisera as determined using indirect ELISA were 1/3000 and 1/8000 for TSWV and IYSV, respectively. Authentic and induced antisera for both TSWV and IYSV  were used for virus detection using different serological diagnostic methods such as indirect ELISA and dot-blot immunoassay (DBIA) on nitrocellulose membranes.

...

Mayada A. Abd Elgalell; B.A Othman2; Th. Radwan, 1 and Amal S.M. Abo-Sinna3

... the isolated phages was determined and it was found that the two viruses have tadpole shape, which phage PPI has an isometric head (135 nm) and long non-contractile tail (225 nm) whereas phage PP2 has an isometric head (121 nm) and long contractile tail (202 nm), the tail possing an outer sheath (135 nm) and neck (27 nm). Protein patterns of the isolated Ps. putida phages were analysed by SDS-PAGE and the data revealed that phage PPI had 16 structural protein...

M.A. Abo-EInasr l, Kh.A. EL-Dougdougl, M.H. El-Kattan2 and L.A. Salem2

... salicylic acid. SAR was determined via disease severity. virus concentration and some biochemical changes i.e., the high level of endogenous salicylic acid, proteins related to inducers and activity of peroxidase and chitinase enzymes. Salicylic acid (0.5%) and potassium sulfate (3%) gave the highest effect in inducing SAR. where the treatment with them had forbid disease symptoms, and virus concentration was (0), 25 days post inoculation. In addition, the bi...

E.F. Mohamedl and A.A. Owayss2

...study was carried out to determine the effect or propolis on BBMV. In vitro experiment, propolis reduced the occurrence of mosaic symptoms on Faba bean plants to 80, 70, 60, 75 and 90% of infected plants immediately: to 75, 65, 45, 55 and 80% after one hour storage period and to 65, 50, 35, 45 and 70% after two hours. when used at a concentration of l, 3, 5, 10 and 20% respectively. In vivo experiment, using of propolis immediately pre-inoculation was more eff...

H. A. Hussein1, N.A. Mohamed2, F.M. Mohamed2 and M.A. Shalaby1

...and virus replication as determined by virus titration assay. Propagation of these viruses in BVDV-free cells for five passages showed decrease in the severity of CPE with marked difference in virus titer when compared with those passaged in BVDV infected cells. The present study. confirms that the cytopathogenicity of the local isolates of BVDV are directly related to the presence of a helper virus which could be NCP homologous or heterologous. After 12 passa...

S. A. Khalil1; M. El-Sayed2; M. M. El-Fayomy2; H. Y. Hassan3 and A. Zaghawa3

... of interest in order to determine the proper time of vaccination. Twenty-five pregnant Frisian cows in the last stage of pregnancy were naturally infected with BEFV during the Egyptian outbreak in summer 2004. Four of them were aborted and excluded from experimental. The disease was diagnosed clinically and confirmed by the detection of BEFV antigen by Immunoperoxidase staining. The aim of the present study was to determine...

Huda M. Hamid1, Fadia W. Al-Azawi2* and Zaid F. Makki3

...ody length has also been determined at different execution times from 1958 to 1999. The hydrology characteristics of Iraq dams have been analyzed. These hydrology characteristics are DAM flow direction, Mesh flow clustered, agricultural area improvement, waterway division for ROI, and basin. The analysis of these characteristics provides insights into water resources management, including water allocation, irrigation planning, hydropower generation, and manage...

Tariq I. Almundarij

...ale dromedary camels. To determine their link with two different ages of the Majaheem (black) and Waddah (white) breeds, measurements of lipogram and antioxidant parameters were assessed. During the breeding season, 16 dromedary she-camels that appeared to be in good health included in this study as controls. Their average body weight ranged from 430 kg for camels under 8 years old to 480 kg for camels over 8 years old. Twenty-nine overweight female dromedary ...

Tarek Refaay, E.A. Elshafiee, Hayam A. Mansour and Maha A. Sabry*

 

...s study was conducted to determine the presence of E. coli O157:H7 in food outlets in some touristic cities in Egypt. For this purpose, 648 samples including raw chicken meat, cooked chicken meat, raw beef meat, cooked beef meat, food handlers and equipment swabs were collected from 54 food outlets in some touristic cities in Egypt. E. coli O157 was 1.1% (7/648) and 1.2% (5/432) in all examined samples and food samples respectively. Cooked chicken samples were...
Saliha Bashir*, Muhammad Shafique, Muhammad Shahzad, Muhammad Sohail Anjum and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...ined by investigators to determine color using Fitzpatrick Phototype Scale. Similarly, iris patterns were characterized by Edward iris feature software and association studies were conducted through SPSS program. Intermediate eye color was frequent in KPK (44%) while brown was higher in Punjab (47%). Contrarily, light to medium brown skin color was recurring (55%) in Punjab whereas lighter skin color prevailed in KPK (69%). Furthermore, Fuchs’ crypts wer...
Zeynep Karapinar1* and Mehmet Özkan Timurkan2
...e present study aimed to determine the presence of infection, to perform molecular characterization of the virus at the VP2 gene level, and to investigate genomic differences. FPLV DNA was detected in 7 (36.84%) of the stool samples collected from 19 cats with diarrhea and vomiting symptoms. Genotyping and phylogenetic analysis of the positive samples were performed. It was observed that five of the FPLV positive samples obtained were in the G3, one sample was...

Farid S. Nassar1,2, Osama A. El-Sayed3, Saidi Ouassaf4, Ahmed O. Abbas1,2* 

...rrent research sought to determine the impact of dietary fennel seed (FS) inclusion on broiler chickens’ productive performance, slaughter traits, biochemical components, cholesterol profile, stress indicators, and immune status. Four hundred male Cobb500 broiler chickens were grown on floor pens and fed a mash-based corn-soybean diet from one day to 21 days old. From 22-42 days of age, the birds were divided into four experimental groups (10 replicate p...

Lingang Dai1,2,3, Xiang Chen1,2,3, Jiajin Huang1,2,3, Jiali Xu1,2,3, Meimei Xiao1,2,3, Jiajing Chen1,2,3 and Yong Ruan1,2,3*

...d organ coefficients was determined in 39 F3 generation hybrid goats. The results showed that the slaughtering performance of male goats was better than that of female goats, and there were highly significant (P<0.01) and significant (P<0.05) differences in live weight and carcass weight, respectively. In meat quality, the marbling score of female goats was significantly higher than that of male goats (P<0.01), and the shear force of female goats was ...

Fadime Eroglu1*, Altan Akineden2, Cemal Cicek3, Selcuk Turkel2 

...ELISA tests were used to determine the CD4+T and CD8+T cells values of 148 COVID-19 patients. Microscopy, ELISA, PCR, real-time PCR and DNA sequence analyses were used to identify intestinal protozoan such as Blastocystis spp., C. parvum, E. histolytica and G. duodenalis. While intestinal protozoans were detected 22.3% (33/148) of COVID-19 patients, intestinal protozoans were not detected 77.7% (115/148) in this study. Blastocystis spp. was frequently detected...
Syed Roohullah Jan1, Kareem Akhtar2*, Uroosa1, Muhammad Zeeshan Zahir3, Abdul Shakoor4
 
...tests are carried out to determine surface hardness before and after the coatings. This study reveals that uniform composite coating of Ag-Sn-Cu can be achieved without Mercury using the cold spray. Hence cold spray technique can be used in the future for filling cavities and other dental applications.  
...

Wisnu Jaka Dewa1,2, Ekowati Handharyani3*, Sri Purwaningsih4, Silmi Mariya5 

...re research is needed to determine the processes governing bax and bcl-2 gene expression, and the safety of using red eye sea snail extract as an anti-cancer. 

...

Haseeb Zafar1, Asghar Ali Kamboh1*, Zain-Ul- Abideen1, Muhammad Kamran Taj2, Sibtain Ahmad3 , Umbreen Zafar2 

...t study was conducted to determine the prevalence of Escherichia coli (E. coli) in various broiler farms located in the Quetta district, and to evaluate the susceptibility of the E. coli isolates to different antimicrobial agents. A total of 150 samples from a variety of sources (cecum, feed, bedding, water, air, and flies; n = 25 each) were collected from five distinct broiler farms (n=30/farm) in the district of Quetta. Samples were streaked on selective (Xy...

Ram Prasad Ghimire

...as conducted in order to determine the fodder quality of some common pasture browse species among them. The study included the analysis of fodders in the laboratory for nutrient composition, the feeding experiment determining fodder intake and weight gain monitoring in the goats, and a subsequent in-vivo experiment determining the apparent digestibility of fodder nutrients of those browse species. Both of the experiments were conducted in Randomized Complete B...

Budianto Panjaitan1, Husnurrizal Husnurrizal2, V.Y. Edward3, D.A. Nishcaya3, Teuku Armansyah4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar2, Mulyadi Adam5, Arman Sayuti1, Amalia Sutriana4, Hafizuddin Hafizuddin2*

.... This research aimed to determine the effect of PGF2α injection and the optimal time for sample collection on improving semen quality and testosterone concentrations in Aceh bull. Aceh bull was used in this study and allotted into two treatments. In treatment 1 (P1), the bull received 25.0 mg PGF2α (Lutalyse™, dinoprost, tromethamine) 1 hour before semen collection, while in treatment 2 (P2), the semen collection was carried out 2 hours afte...

Nguyen Binh Truong1,3*, Nguyen Ba Trung1,3, Nguyen Thi Bich Hạnh2,3

...Square design (4 x 4) to determine the effects of neutral detergent fiber (NDF) on feed intake, nutrient digestibility and weight gain. The NDF levels used in the experiment were 43, 47, 51 and 55 (% dry matter intake) corresponding to NDF43, NDF47, NDF51 and NDF55 treatments. Dry matter intake per body weight of NDF43 (2.40%) treatments tended to (P>0.05) high compared to the NDF47 (2.20%), NDF51 (2.22%) and NDF55 (2.16%) treatments. Total metabolism energ...
Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
...cacy of insecticides was determined by comparing larval densities of each insect species, immature and adult of natural enemies, crop damage ratings and marketable yield in insecticide treated versus untreated control plots. Spinetoram 45 and 60 g a.i. per ha recorded significantly higher larval population reduction (>80%) with least crop damage ratings (˂ 2) for both the insect pest population. Spinosad, emamectin benzoate, indoxacarb and chlorantranilipr...

Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*

...nt in-vitro study was to determine the interaction between chicken erythrocytes and M. synoviae using Transmission electron microscope (TEM) and further to investigate the mRNA gene expression of MyD88 (Myeloid differentiation primary response 88), CCL5 (C-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 5), MDA5 (melanoma differentiation-associated protein 5) IKBKE (inhibitor of nuclear factor kappa-B kinase subunit epsilon), NFKBIA (NF-kappa-B inhibitor alpha), NFKBIE (NF-kappa-B i...

Joseph Oyiguh Abraham1, Cornelius Arome Omatola1*, Martin-Luther Oseni Okolo1, Ruth Foluke Aminu1, Emmanuel Edegbo1, Olubunmi Marvelous Emurotu1, Danjuma Muhammed2, Jesse Joseph Chock3, Helen Ojomachenwu Ocean4 and Yahaya Ocholi5

...efore, the current study determined the prevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV among students of a tertiary institution and its environs in Idah, Kogi State, Nigeria. Sera obtained from 1000 consented individuals were screened for HBsAg, anti-HCV, and HIV antibodies using commercial immunoassay test kits. Relevant demographic information was obtained from each participant with a structured questionnaire. Of the 1000 participants, HBV, HCV, and HIV were detected in 28...

Riaz Alam1*, Muhammad Sajid2, Imtiaz Hussain3, Gulzar Ullah1, Hussain Shah3, Muhammad Arshad Farooq3 and Rashid Muhammad4

Eman Said El-Hadad*, Hesham Ahmed Madian, Mahmoud A.E. Hassan, Mohamed Fahmy Saad, Abdelghany M. El-Shhat, Entesar Zakaria Eliraqy

...antioxidant markers were determined. Results showed that RBCs and lymphocyte increased, while neutrophils and Neut./Lymph ratio decreased in G2, however, Hb, PCV, RBCs, MCH, and lymphocyte increased, while WBCs, neutrophils, and Neut./Lymph ratio decreased in G3 in comparison with G1. Plasma total protein and albumin increased, while total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, urea, creatinine, AST, and ALT decreased in G2 and G3 compared with G1. The impaired effe...

Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2

...ke, faeces, and urine to determine the nutrient digestibility and nitrogen retention. The goats were weighed on 3 consecutive days at the start and end day of each experimental period. Four treatments were supplied rice wine distillers’ by-product at 0% (RDB0), 5% (RDB5), 10% (RDB10), and 15% (RDB15). The results showed that the amount of CP consumed was significantly (p<0.05) higher in goats fed supplementation of RDB than control treatment. Overall,...

Thobela Louis Tyasi*, Lebo Ngorima, Victoria Rankotsane Hlokoe

...-fitted regression model determined using R2, RMSE, AIC and BIC can result in the egg quality traits that can best predict egg weight in chickens. The study aimed to develop a model that can be employed to estimate egg weight from egg quality traits with stepwise regression in the Lohmann brown chicken breed. The study was conducted at Kitamu farm in Ntsima village in Limpopo Province, South Africa. The Pearson’s correlation findings displayed that egg w...

Wael Halawa1, Raed M. Al-Atiyat2*, Jamal Abo Omar1, Faisal S. Rashaydeh3, Fath Ullah4, Shakirullah5 and Berkant Ismail Yildiz6

...om 120 to 40 USD. It was determined that feeding milk replacers to nursing lambs will result in significant cost reductions. However, these reductions were expected from the savings in milk expenses and the significant decrease in lambs’ mortality rate. We recomend the use of milk replacer in Assaf lambs for better performnce and economic cost. 

...

Xin-yu Han1,2, Afrasyab Khan1,2, Ali Raza Jahejo1,2, Qian-qing Cheng1,2, Meng-li Qiao1,2, Raza Ali Mangi1,2, Muhammad Farhan Qadir1,2, Ding Zhang1,2, Ying Wang1,2, Yu-hai Bi1,3, Rui-wen Fan1,2 and Wen-xia Tian1,2

...nt in-vitro study was to determine the chicken erythrocytes interaction with M. synoviae using a transmission electron microscope (TEM). The mRNA gene expression of TLR1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, 15, MHC I, II, and MyD88 in M. synoviae infected chicken erythrocytes was determined using quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) at four different time intervals (0, 2, 6 and 10 h) post-infection and compared to uninfected controls. The mRNA e...

Hilwah Nora1,2, Rajuddin2*, Hafizuddin3, Rachmad Suhanda4, M. Fathurrahman5

...ects of reproduction and determine the optimal dose for using curcumin as an antifertility agent. The test animals in this study were Wistar rats (Rattus norvegicus) three-month-old males weighing 300 g. Rats were acclimatized for 7 days and given standard feed and water ad libitum. During the research, rats were given standard 552SP feed. A total of six rats were used in this study, then divided into two treatment groups, namely C1 (given standard feed and di...

Junita Mayasari, Vira Oktavia, Indri Juliyarsi, Ade Sukma, Sri Melia*

 

...tic. This study aimed to determine the effect of adding porang flour on physicochemical properties with total lactic acid bacteria and sensory of Levilactobacillus brevis of fermented goat milk DSM02. The addition of porang flour is A (0%), B (0.25%), C (0.50%), D (0.75%), and E (1%). The parameters observed in this study were total titrated acid, pH, dietary fiber content, water content, protein content, viscosity, total lactic acid bacteria, and organoleptic...

Ida Indrayani*, Andi Andri, Tevina Edwin

 
 
...le business. We aimed to determine the potential for beef cattle development, and analyze the index and sustainability status based on four sustainable dimensions. We collected data from 60 beef cattle farmers in Pesisir Selatan Regency, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Livestock feed requirements are based on dry matter digestible (DM) originating from food crop waste. The sustainability of the beef cattle business was assessed based on four indicators economic, soci...

Cut Intan Novita1,2, Kartini Eriani3, Amalia Sutriana4, Tongku Nizwan Siregar5,6*, Ni Wayan Karja7

...ore, this study aimed to determine the effect of bovine pituitary extract (BPE) supplementaion to vitrification media. A total of 18 ovaries were usedwhich was divided into two groups: the vitrification medium group without Bovine Pituitary Extract (BPE, GibscoTM) (1 ml PBS + 0.5 M sucrose + 30% ethylene glycol) and with BPE addition (1 ml PBS + 0.5 M sucrose + 30% ethylene glycol + BPE 30 μg/mL). Each group was separated into three vitrification times of 0...

Ahmed K. Fahd*, Ali H. Saliem

...y;">This article aims to determine the analgesic impact of Apigenin and Diclofenac in mice model. In the beginning, 84 male albino mice were selected, acclimated, and categorized into four equal groups: The 1st tested by the hot plate, the 2nd treated with acetic acid, the 3rd examined by application 10 μl of 2% formalin solution and the 4th was examined by the tail-flick test. Within each experiment, the study mice were subdivided equally into three subgro...

Shahid Iqbal1, Arshad Khan, Ali Hazrat1*, Gul Rahim, Mohammad Ihsan1, Umar Zad Gul1, Maryam Bibi1, Khadija Bibi1 and Muhammad Mukhtiar2

...s of R. capitata. It was determined that the 4principal component with an Eigenvalue of above 0.99 accounted for 61.4% of the total variation, where the 1st PC shows a total variation of 19%, the 2nd PC showed 34.87%, 3rd PC had 49.38% while the 4th PC showing a total variation of 61.4%. Based on cluster analysis all the genotypes were divided into 2 main lineages and further subdivided into 6 clusters where the genotypes A1 and A9 were found the most diverse ...

Tayfun Karatas1*, Betul Apaydın Yıldırım2 and Serkan Yıldırım3

...tify;">Here, we aimed to determine the protective effects of tea leaf extract (TLE) (Camellia sinensis) against cypermethrin (CMN)-induced toxicity in gill and liver of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). CMN exposure led to increase in aspartate aminotransferase (AST), serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and reduction in superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT) activities, glutathione (GSH), total immunoglobulin (T. Ig), ...

Shamsa Jabeen and Javed Iqbal Qazi*

...the current study was to determine the effect of Lactobacillus rhamnosus administration on CK and LDH levels in the serum of mice following extensor digitorium longus (EDL) muscle grafting. Blood from the intact control as well as experimental and EDL muscle grafted mice was secured on day 3, 5, 7 and 14 post-transplantations. CK activity of control and EDL muscle grafted mice with probiotics showed 157% and 130% increase, respectively on day 5, whereas on 14t...

Muhammad Azhar1,2, Rida Ahmad3*, Bushra Nisar Khan3 and Zahra Hussain3

...urea nitrogen (BUN) were determined. Further, different biological, analytical and operational factors which impose significant effects on hematochemical factors were also considered to rationalize the results. Most of the values were in accordance with the mean values published in the literature, but values of few parameters e.g., hematocrit, platelet, AST, ALT, ALP and blood urea nitrogen were found different from the reference values. It was concluded that ...

Sepri Reski*, Maria Endo Mahata, Ridho Kurniawan Rusli

...n: justify;">We aimed to determine the influence of using different levels of fermented Turbinaria murayana seaweed meal in the diet of laying hens on the external egg quality. We used a completely randomized design with five treatments and four replications. The treatments consisted of five levels of fermented T. murayana seaweed meal, i.e. 0, 5, 10, 15, and 20%. We evaluated some measures such as egg weight, length, width, shape index, eggshell strength, thi...

Faris Sahib Imran1*, Layth Hamzah Merzah2, Mohammed Mohsin Kareem3

...further investigation to determine optimal levels of inclusion.
 
Keywords | Awassi sheep; Body measurement; Ceratophyllum demersum; Growth traits; Protein.
...

Kunlayaphat Wuthijaree1, Pattaraporn Tatsapong1, Sukanya Yung-Rahang2, Prayad Thirawong2, Koonphol Pongmanee2*

... procedures were used to determine the worm burden in the gastrointestinal tracts. The R software application was used to compute and assess all descriptive and analytical statistics. Based on post-mortem examination of the gastrointestinal tracts, the helminths identified, three nematode species (Ascaridia galli, Heterakis gallinarum, Capillaria spp.), and cestodes and trematodes were found. Overall, the total prevalence of helminth infection was 79.9% (183/2...

Moazama Batool1*, Saima Naz2*, Sheeza Bano1, Sadia Nazir3, Ghulam Abbas4, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha5, Maria Lateef2 and Fatima Yasmin2

...fy;">The acute toxicity, determined by the LC50+ lethal concentration of a tertiary combination comprising lead (Pb), nickel (Ni), and cadmium (Cd) was assessed on two freshwater fish species, Catla catla and Labeo rohita, employing probit analysis. Over a period of 90 days, mortality served as the primary toxicity criterion. The experiments were conducted under consistent conditions of pH (7), temperature (28.00.00°C), and water hardness (198.00 mgL-1), w...

Sandriana J Nendissa1,2, Meta Mahendradatta3, Zainal3, Februadi Bastian3

...bsp; The best treatment, determined to be the addition of 2% Tomi-tomi fruit tannin extract concentration (C3), resulted in round and well-formed meatballs with a resilient texture and a distinct taste favored by the panelists. The water content measured at 52.63%, protein content at 15.37%, and total bacteria at 2.68 x 102 CFU/g. In conclusion, the application of tannin extract from Tomi-tomi fruit in tuna fish meatballs proved to be effective during a 14-hou...

Ediset1*, Jaswandi2, Fuad Madarisa1, Amrizal Anas1, Rizqan2

...stem. This study aims to determine the level of adoption of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) innovations and the success rate of A.I. innovations in the buffalo farming business. This study uses a survey method and a secondary data analysis approach. The population is 100 buffalo breeders who have adopted the AI. innovation. In comparison, the number of samples determined by the Proportional Sampling technique is 50 breeders f...

Urip Rosani1*, Iman Hernaman1, Rahmat Hidayat1, Darmawan Hidayat2

...is study was designed to determine the ability of ultrasonic waves to detect rice husks added to rice bran based on physical properties associated with nutrient content. This research utilizes low-intensity ultrasonic waves of 50 kHz transmitted on rice bran mixed with rice husks with particle sizes passing 30 mesh (<0.595 mm). The purpose of this study was to determine the correlation between ultrasonic parameters (atten...

MUHAMMAD MANSHA1, MAIRA HAFEEZ1, QAMAR ALI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1, MUHAMMAD TARIQ1 & ATIF YAQUB2

...gainst other microbes to determine their anti-microbial potential.

...

SHAGUFTA ANDLEEB1*, ASMATULLAH2, SHABANA SHAUKAT1 & SIDRA NAWAZ2

...(Glucophage) was used to determine the histological changes in liver of mice. Twenty mice (4-5 weeks old) were given oral gavages of 0.1 ml of 0.00, 31.25, 125 and 500μg/g B.W (Complete). of Metformin prepared in distilled water, for 04 weeks daily. After 24 hours of last dose, the animals were anaesthetized torecoverliver tissues following fixation in Bouin’s fluid and processing for histological preparation using different grades of alcohol and xyle...

ARIFA ZEREEN & ALMAS JAHAN

...arch work was planned to determine the harmful and significant effects of exotic plants on local flora. Fourteen species of exotic and invasive plants viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Populus deltoids W. Bartram ex Marshall, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Lantana camara L., Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Xanthium strumarium L., Alternanthera pungens Kunth, Trianthema portulacastrum L., Pistia stratiotes...

KAFEEL AHMAD1, ROBINA KOKAB1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, MUDASRA MUNIR1, MUHAMMAD SHER2, KINZA WAJID1, HASFSA MEMONA3, MADIHA SANA3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MAHPARA SHEHZADI5, MUHAMMAD NADEEM6, TAHIR MAHMOOD QURESHI6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, ABID IJAZ1, BUSHRA HUMA1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, KHALID NAWAZ8 ILKER UGULU9 &YUNUS DOGAN9

...er and ground water were determined in present pot experiment conducted in Sargodha, Pakistan. The current study also focused on the evaluation of bioconcentration factor and pollution load index of the contaminated soil. Most of the metals observed in wastewater were present above the permissible limit set by WWF. Cd concentration increased considerably under wastewater irrigation in soil and wheat grains. Zn showed highest bioconcentration. Wastewater irriga...

Adriana Beatriz Sánchez-Urdaneta1,2*, Gisela del Carmen Rivero-Maldonado2, Cecilia Beatriz Peña-Valdivia3 and Dianelis del Carmen Sánchez-Urdaneta4

 

 

...standing results, it was determined that the cv. Solferino presented the greatest thickness of cladodes, cuticle, collenchyma, collenchyma strata, and druses, and the greatest number of parenchyma cells. Such findings may have interpretations for the adaptation of the Opuntia plants to certain extreme environments. This is because a thicker cuticle, epidermis, collenchyma, and parenchyma in these plants can improve survival and growth in arid conditions...
Jaime Vera Chang1, Arianna Torres Coronel2, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Kerly Alvarado Vásquez2,3 and Frank Intriago Flor4*
 
... of 20 study objects. To determine differences between treatments, Tukey’s multiple range test was used at 5% probability, the treatments were prepared from five experimental clones (T1-Testigo EET-103, T2-CCAT-46-57, T3-CCAT-46-75, T4-CCAT-46-88, T5-CCAT-49-98) said varieties were obtained from the Experimental Farm “ “The Dam.” For the evaluation of the physical-chemical parameters, the following variables were analyzed (acidity, °...

SYED SHAHID IMRAN BUKHARI1*, IQRA AZAM1, MUDDASIR HASSAN ABBASI1, MEERAB DAUD1, NADEEM SHEIKH2, ANDLEEB BATOOL3, RABIA MAHMOOD2 & MARYAM MUKHTAR2

... the current work was to determine the influence of Alloxan monohydrate on IL-6 gene expression, which is a major inflammatory marker.

...

ABRAR HUSSAIN1, AQSA KHALIL1, SAIRA ZAHEER1, MUHAMMAD LATEEF2 & MUHAMMAD MANSHA1

...the present study was to determine the anthelmintic activity of Tribulus terrestris L. and Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. Whole plant of Tribulus terrestris L. and leaves of Ziziphus mauritiana Lam. were used. The plant materials were dried, ground firmly, macerated in ethanol and then the crude ethanolic extract (CEE) was prepared. Adult motility assay (AMA) was carried out on adult Haemonchus contortus to analyze the anthelmintic efficacy of CEE of the whole plant...

ASADULLAH KHAN1, MUHAMMAD AYAZ KHAN1, ALIA NAZ1, ABDULLAH KHAN1 & NAUREEN AURANGZEB1

...s study was conducted to determine heavy metals i.e. Lead (Pb) and Cadmium (Cd) concentrations in lichen along different roads having varied traffic density and to find impact of the metals on its growth in Miandam valley Swat, Pakistan. Dermatocarpon miniatum species samples were collected from control site, primary, secondary and tertiary roads and were investigated for Pb and Cd concentrations and reduction in chlorophyll contents. The data were analyzed us...

SIDRA MOQADDES*¹, RABIA ZULFIQAR1, MAWRA GOHAR1 & HINA QAISER1

...sceptibility pattern was determined by Kirby Bauer’s disc diffusion method. Samples (n=85) were analyzed to determine the bacterial strains involved in infectious cases and relationship with age, gender and social status of patients was determined. Results of the study revealed that 61% of samples were positive for Escherichia coli, other contributing pathogens were Staphylococcus sp...

ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, KAFEEL AHMAD1, HAREEM SAFDAR1, KINZA WAJID1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, KHALID NAWAZ2, MAHPARA SHEHZADI3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MUDASRA MUNIR1, IFRASALEEM MALIK1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HIRA MUQADDAS5, HAFSA MEMOONA6, MADIHA SANA6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, SAIF UR REHMAN8 & TASAWAR ABBAS8

...t and forage samples was determined. Moreover, bioconcentration factor, pollution load index, daily intake of metals and health risk index were calculated. In tap water Cd value was 0.54 mg/L and in sewage water, it was 0.56 mg/L. In soil the calculated Cd value was lower than USEPA standards. The maximum Cd in root was calculated in winter forages (1.15 mg/kg). The calculated value for Cd in leaves was higher than the maximum permissible limit 0.5 mg/kg by Wo...

LAILA SHAHZAD*1, MUHAMMAD UMER HAYYAT1, NIDA SAJID1, FAIZA SHARIF1, ASMA MANSOOR1, MANAL SHAH1 & NABEEHA LODHI1

...based survey was used to determine awareness and resilience of the community. Another methodology named Rapid Visual Screening (RVS) was used to determine the factors that contribute to infrastructure vulnerability to natural disasters. Factors assessed through this methodology are vertical and plan irregularity, soft storey, soft hazards, multiple storeys and building codes. Questionnaire results show that 70% people are ed...

ZAHID FAROOQ1, IRFAN BABOO2, MUHAMMAD WAJID3, HAFIZA SADIA4, MUHAM

...t study was conducted to determine hematology and blood chemistry of Chukar Partridge kept in captive conditions in Punjab Province of Pakistan. During this study, total 28(10 male, 18 female) blood samples of healthy birds were collected from four different captive facilities under the control of Punjab Wildlife and Parks Department, Government of Punjab, Pakistan. Hematological parameters including Total Red Blood Cell Count, Total White Blood Cell Count, Pa...

UMER YOUNAS, SHAHID IQBAL* & JAMSHED AKBAR

...entials of extracts were determined in terms of total phenolics, total flavonoids and ascorbic acid contents. In addition, radicals (DPPH• & ABTS•+) scavenging potentials were also determined. Results revealed that drying methods have no significant influence on recovery of antioxidants from sample matrix. However, methanolic extracts exhibited highest antioxidant potential that confirmed superiority of methano...

MUHAMMAD ASLAM1*, MISBAH IRSHAD1, AMINA ASGHAR1, ASAD GULZAR1, ZAHRA NOREEN2, ABRAR HUSSAIN2, SHAHID MASOOD3, MUHAMMAD KAMRAN SHAHID1, RASHAD MEHMOOD4, KAYNAT SALEEM5 & SAJID IQBAL1

... aim of this work was to determine the caffeine concentration, pH and acidity in a few energy drinks brands namely sting, booster six B, gourmet spark and powerful locally available in Lahore, Pakistan, and to compare the results with the labeled caffeine concentration and FDA recommended concentration, which is maximum 400 mg/day. The maximum amount of caffeine determined in Gourmet spark was 9.89 mg /100 ml, whereas powerf...

1*AFIRA WAQAR, 2ADNAN RAUF, 3BUSHRA CHAUDHRY &4IKRAM-UL HAQ

...s of complex diseases to determine underlying genetic complexity and the most appropriate methods for genetic analysis.

...

MUHAMMAD SHRAFAT ALI1, UZMA HAMEED2* & IKRAM-UL-HAQ3

...the B. subtilis was also determined at pH 2 and TVC after the acid treatment was 6.4 x 1012 CFU/ml. It depicts the ability of bacteria to withstand the acidic conditions.

...

Olaolu Fadeyi1,2, Oluwatoyin Fabiyi3*, Tesleem Bello4 and Gabriel Olatunji5

...esearch was conducted to determine the nematicidal status of Anacardium occidental fractions. Analysis of ethanol extract of A. occidentale using gas chromatography spectrometry revealed the presence of several phyto constituents such as phenol, triterpenoids, flavonoids and other bio-active compounds. The array of fatty acid esters revealed in the GCMS result of the fractions especially fraction 52-71/Z2 is responsible for the exhibited toxicity to M. incogni...

Lendrawati*, Tinda Afriani, Eli Ratni

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the optimal model for predicting the body weight of adult female Kacang goats based on certain body measurements and to investigate correlation and regression. This study used 91 heads of Kacang Does collected from Talawi village from 2021-2022. The body weight (BW) data was regressed and associated with body dimensions (body length = BL, chest girth = GH and shoulder height = SH) using the SPSS program. The Pearson correlati...

Deni Novia*, Indri Juliyarsi, Rizki Dwi Setiawan, Clara Mustika, Cindi Melani

...th benefits. We aimed to determine some instant egg tea drinks qualities, such as the antioxidant, physicochemical, and sensory properties using a food dehydrator that can maintain antioxidant, nutritional, and sensory properties. We employed an in-vivo trial with a completely randomized design consisting of five treatments and four replicates. The egg tea was dried using a food dehydrator at 60°C for five different drying times (2, 3, 4, 5, and 6 h). The ...

Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

...of the experiment was to determine the proportion of coconut meat waste (CMW) utilization replacing maize in feed supplements on feed consumption, nutrient digestibility and weight gain of beef cattle. Four male Charolais crossbred cattle (363±14.1 kg) were used in Latin square design (4x4) on 4 periods (3 weeks/period). The treatment replaced maize with coconut meat waste 0, 25, 50 and 75% (CMW0, CMW25, CMW50 and CMW75, respectively). The result showed...

Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti1, Ikuo Kobayashi2, Ahmad Juwari3, Lovin Dika Antari4*

...0. This research aims to determine the value of economic losses based on the conditions of beef and dairy cattle farms in two regions, namely East Java Province and Miyazaki Prefecture based on the consideration that they are cattle production centers. SWOT analysis is used to support a description of the condition of internal factors (strengths and weaknesses) and external factors (opportunities and threats) of animal husbandry in two countries. Data analysis...

Jacob Situmeang1, Lovita Adriani1*, Deny Saefulhadjar1, Safri Ishmayana2

...olks. This study aims to determine the activity of the protease and lipase enzymes from yogurt and the effect and level of use of probiotic powder, which can increase protein and reduce lipid and cholesterol levels in chicken egg yolks. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments and eight replications. The treatment consisted of T0: basal diet, T1: basal diet + 2% probiotic powder B1 (Bifidobacterium spp. and L. aci...

Alyaa S.K. Al-Shammari1, Mozhir K.K. Almahdawi2*, Manar H. Allawi3, Abdul Sattar S.S.Al-Bayati2 

...lls in blood smears were determined through microscopic examination, while the CD8+ and CD4+ subsets of T lymphocytes were assessed using flow cytometry. A significant (P≤0.05) reduction in leukocyte counts was observed during the gestation period in all experimental groups. In the lactation period, there was a significant (P≤0.05) elevation in the levels of total white blood cell count, percentage of lymphocytes, and CD4+ and CD8+ subsets of T lymphocyt...

 Muhammad Sultan1,4, Muhammad H. Mahmood2,4, Takahiko Miyazaki3,4, Shigeru Koyama3,4, Zahid M. Khan1

 

... adsorption kinetics was determined from the instantaneous measurement of air relative humidity and dry-bulb temperature in and out to the desiccant block while assuming the equilibrium between air and desiccant sides. Both experimental results were analyzed using linear driving force (LDF) model which presents the best regression of the experimental data. Furthermore, an empirical correlation of close to open cycle water vapor adsorption kinetics was establis...

Gokarna Gautam1*, Sajan Rokaya1, Bhuminand Devkota1, Saroj Sapkota2

...spring (May to June) was determined through transrectal ultrasonography and measurement of blood progesterone concentration using ELISA. Seasonal breeding and calving patterns were similar at two locations. The highest proportions of buffaloes were bred during autumn (40.8%), followed by winter (29.5%), summer (19.8%) and spring (10%). While comparing the month-wise patterns, the highest and the lowest proportions of breeding were in November and April, respec...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...esent study, we aimed to determine the activity of NO during the early and late critical periods of structural and functional maturation of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we focused on the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus of male and female “Wistar” rat pups, as these areas have differential developing states. NO level was determined on postnatal days (PND) 1, 2, 3, 4, ...

Muhammad Yusuf1*, Abd Latief Toleng1, Sahiruddin1, Masturi1, Hasrin1, Musdalifa Mansur2, Hendrikus Fatem3, Johan Koibur4

...ive of this study was to determine the ovarian responses of dairy heifers after treated with estrous synchronization using Heasynch and Select Synch protocols. The study was conducted in Maiwa Breeding Centre (MBC) Farm of Hasanuddin University. A total of 18 dairy Holstein Friesian heifers were used in the present study. The heifers were then divided into two groups based on different treatments of estrous synchronization. All heifers were examined for ovaria...

Wasan Ali Hasan1*, Manal Abdulkhaliq Ibrahim2 

...lveolar lavage fluid was determined, as well as lung tissue histological analysis was conducted. The eosinophils, neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and total white blood cell count were all increased (P<0.05) in the positive control (B_group) when compared to the negative control group. Both D and E_groups, when treated with famotidine, showed a significant reduction (P<0.05) in the eosinophils, neutrophils, mononuclear cells, and total white blood cell co...

Waseem Abbas, Imtiaz Ahmed* and Imran Khan 

...ty and total starch were determined by Megazyme starch assay kit. A nine-point hedonic scale assessed bread samples for consumer acceptance. The findings of proximate composition showed a significant increase in ash at 2 and 3 % incorporation. The fiber content also significantly increased at the incorporation ratio of 1, 2 and 3%. In CWB, fat concentration at 2 and 3% incorporation remained almost equal to that of CB. The protein content increased “sign...

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

...MAL-DI-TOF. The analyses determined the presence of Staphylococcus aureus, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus xylosus, Staphylococcus epidermidis, Streptococcus uberis, Streptococcus agalactiae, Lactobacillus mali, Moraxella osloensis, Kocuria salsiccia, Bacillus weihenstephanensis, Corynebacterium xerosis, Macrococcus canis, Chryseobacterium bovis, Rothia endophytica, among others. However, Staphylococcus chromogenes, Lact...

Yousef Abdal Jalil Fadladdin1, Ateeq Ullah2*, Raheela Nawaz3, Yagoob Garedaghi4, Abbas M.A. Al-Azab5 and Mashael Abdullah Aldamigh6

...esent study was aimed to determine the association of socio-demographic and socio-economic profiles to the prevalence roundworm and hookworm infections among school children in district Malakand, Pakistan. A cross-sectional study, involving 200 school children was conducted between October 2018 to September 2019. The risk factor was identified by using the Interviews, observation, and anthropometric indices assessment. The stool samples were collected and pres...

Sedef Selviler Sizer1, Semih Kurt1*, Burcu Onuk1, Gokmen Zafer Pekmezci2 and Murat Kabak1

...steological material and determine the whitening and degreasing efficiency of this solution was also aimed. In the study, approximately 10,000 Dermestes maculatus, along with the heads of six roe deer, three cows, and three cats were used. To observe the meat-cleaning performance, the initial and final weights of the heads were measured before they were placed in the beetle colony. All tissues, including eye and brain tissues, of the heads placed in the Dermes...

Tanveer Jilani1*, Irfan Khan2, Asmat Salim2, Fareena Bilwani1, Bushra Moiz3 and Mohammad Perwaiz Iqbal1,4

...f CD34+-derived EPCs was determined to be 95%-98%. Cord blood samples contain immature cells, which can result in contamination of PBMNCs layer. Thus, obtaining EPCs from CD34+ peripheral blood cells of healthy adult humans is superior as the risk of contamination is minimal. The method of isolation and purification of CD34+-derived EPCs used in this study is simpler, user friendly and is more efficient as compared to other techniques. Human EPCs differentiate...

Muhammad Adnan1*, Muhammad Nauman Khan2,3, Barkat Ullah2, Faisal Zaman2, Alevcan Kaplan4, Hubert O. Dossou-Yovo5, Sajid Ali Khan Bangash6, Sana Wahab7, Mehreen Ghazal8 and Muhammad Hassan Sarfraz9

...tments of B. It has been determined that the amount of each element varies according to the amount of B applied. Thus, the study performed under B stress helps understand elemental and proximate content in various treatments in wheat plants. 

...

Gokarna Gautam1*, Hari Adhikari1, Bhuminand Devkota1, Subir Singh2

...A study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of CIDR (Controlled Internal Drug Release) in Ovsynch protocol for the treatment of anestrus in buffaloes during low breeding season (April to June). Buffaloes in Group T1 (Ovsynch, n=25) received GnRH on a random day (d0),  PGF2α on d7, GnRH on d9, followed by fixed timed artificial insemination (FTAI) at 16-20 hours after second GnRH. Buffaloes in Group T2 (CIDR-synch, n=30) were treated as in g...

Shishir Sharma1*, Suk Bahadur Gurung2, Ritesh Kumar Yadav1, Bibek Phulara1 and Laxmi Prasad Joshi1

...f the genetic divergence determine the genotypes for a maize breeding program. One hundred one inbred lines of maize were evaluated using Rampur Hybrid 10 as resistant check in a rod row design from October 2020 to March 2021 at the National Maize Research Program’s research farm in Rampur, Chitwan. The goal includes identifying correlations between genotypes, estimating the proportionate contribution of various disease characteristics, and selecting eli...

Jin Jiao1, Jin Song1, Yuanyuan Cui1, Yilin Wang2, Yanling Li1, Jing Li1, Yan Su1, Xiaojing Du3, Yan Wang3, Guiping Sun3 and Minxiang Wei4*

...sorders on MI and how to determine the needs of patients regarding mental health, symptoms and self-care strategies.

...

Dio Fico Felsidan Diatmono1, Seraphina Kumala1, Pradita Iustitia Sitaresmi2, Stefani Winda Paramita1, Megawati Andi1, Yustina Yuni Suranindyah3, Diah Tri Widayati1*

...ment. This study aims to determine the blood metabolite levels of Saanen-Etawah Crossbred does during the follicular and luteal phases. Fourteen non-pregnant-lactating Saanen-Etawah Crossbred does were used in this study (age 2-4 years, BCS 3, and multiparous). The same management was given throughout this research and the feed intake was observed daily. The blood was taken during the follicular and luteal phase which was validated from data of vaginal smear. ...

Saadatin Nurul Jannah1, Edhy Sudjarwo1, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the contents of food substances, total flavonoid active compounds, and antioxidant activity as a substitute for synthetic antibiotic feed additives given to broiler chickens. This study was conducted using a laboratory experiment using garlic peel powder as a material, an active substance content test using a quantitative flavonoid test, and antioxidant activity. Additionally, onion peels are used as a feed additive for broil...
Li Tian1*, Chun Wang2, Hailiang Li2, Haitian Sun2 and Chang Wang3
...8.4206. Therefore, it is determined that the search efficiency of the CBPSO algorithm in the 20 dimension is the best. Compared with other algorithms, the stability and accuracy of the CBPSO algorithm have been greatly improved, and it has high robustness in the actual UAV image detection and crop pest identification.

...
Luis Fernando Díaz-Toral1, Carlos Eddy Alvarado-Zamora1, Ernesto Gonzalo Cañarte-Bermúdez2*, José Bernardo Navarrete-Cedeño2, Gilmar Jesús Cañarte-Cañarte1 and Fernando David Sánchez-Mora1* 
... of this research was to determine the appropriate time and dose of application of mepiquat chloride (MC), as a plant growth regulator (PGR), in the Coker cotton commercial variety. This field trial was carried out during February-August 2020 in La Teodomira experimental farm of the National Institute of Agricultural Research (INIAP, Lodana, Manabí, Ecuador), with three periods of application and four doses of growth regulator in addition to control (wi...

Muhammad Ayyub, Mitha Khan*, Syed Abdul Malik, Sakhawat Ali, Syed Shamsullah, Mujeeb ur Rehman, Ikhlaq Ahmed, Ameer Uddin, Habibullah Kakar, Mohammad Zahid, Khalil Ahmed, Mana Khan, Mukhtiar Ahmed, Muhammad Rafiq Khetran, Zia ul Haq and Muhammad Azam

...earch was carried-out to determine heritability, general combing ability (GCA) and specific combing ability (SCA) during (Rabi Season 2018-19) at Directorate of Oilseed Crops, ARI Sariab, Quetta, Balochistan. The research trial was arranged in a Randomized Complete Block design (RCBD) with three repeats. The results from analysis of variance exhibits significant differences at (p<0.001 and 0.005) for all studied parameters. In hybrids, Benazir×Raskoo ...

Evy Rossi1*, Fajar Restuhadi1, Raswen Efendi1, Yusmarini1, Rahmayuni1, Emma Riftyan1, Bisma Panca Winata2, Yolanda Ashara2, Usman Pato1

.... This research aimed to determine how many cycles the back-sloping fermentation using microencapsulated yogurt (MY) starter was applied and evaluate the quality of yogurt in each back-sloping fermentation cycle. The lactic acid bacteria contained in MY starter were Lactobacillus plantarum TMW 1.1623 and Streptococcus thermophilus in a 1:1 ratio. The research results showed that yogurt made from ultra-high temperature milk UHTM had a water content of 84.18&nda...

Saira Jabeen1, Muhammad Avais1*, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Kamran Ashraf2, Aftab Ahmad Anjum3

.... coli (aggR) strain was determined across various concentrations in a cohort of 20 locally bred rabbits. For preparation of vaccines, the antigen concentration was adjusted to 10^10 cells/mL, a level determined to trigger highest IHA antibody response in rabbits. Three distinct vaccine types were prepared, each employing different adjuvants. To ensure the quality and safety of these vaccines, quality control assessment was ...

Yan Wang1,2*, Lin Liu3, Na Li4, Yijun Zong1, Wei Liu1, Wenhua Xu1, Qi Wang1, Peijuan Zhang1 and Huiling Feng2,5*

...olism of A549 cells were determined by UV spectrophotometry. According to data analysis from GEPIA2, TCGA, and Kaplan Meier plotter, lung adenocarcinoma exhibits high levels of LY6K expression and is associated with a poor prognosis. The expression of LY6K was most significant in A549 cells. In A549 cells, LY6K knockdown significantly inhibited cell proliferation and plate clonal formation (all p < 0.05), and inhibited tumor formation in nude mice (p < 0...

Shangmei Peng1 and Changhe Yu2*

...ion analysis was used to determine the risk factors of PC-AKI in different examination methods. There was no significant difference compared with that in contrast-enhanced CT group (4.90%, P>0.05). The serum creatinine, uric acid and urea nitrogen in the contrast-enhanced CT group decreased, while cystatin C and eGFR increased after the examination, with statistical significance (P<0.05). But there was no significant difference in creatinine, urea, urea ...

Moazama Batool1*, Syeda Ansa Fatima1, Saima Naz2*, Qurat Ul Ain1, Sheeza Bano1, Ghulam Abbas3 and Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha4

...thrin for grass carp was determined as 6.5µg/L. Fish were divided into four groups i.e., one control and three experimental groups having eight fish in each group. Control group was not exposed to bifenthrin. Experimental fish were exposed to sublethal (1/3rd of LC50) doses of bifenthrin i.e., 2.16 µg/L for 30 days. Behavioral parameters of C. idella were observed at acute as well as sub-lethal concentrations. It was observed that behavioral parame...

Apurbo Kumar Mondal1, Md. Rabiul Auwul2, Md. Momotaj Hossen3, Md. Sodrul Islam1*, Narayan Paudyal4, Md. Shahidul Islam1 and Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil1

...ysis. The prevalence was determined in a forest plot using R studio software with a 95% confidence interval (CI). In addition, the significance of the study publications was shown through a funnel plot. The estimated pooled prevalence of PPR was 39.16 % from 2000-2021 with significant heterogeneity (P < 0.01) among the studies. A subgroup analysis was also performed for species, age, sex, study duration, and sample size for the assessment of the potential ...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

...is study was designed to determine the appropriate planting time and optimal density of sweet potato in a maize-sweet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, J...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan*1, Sadia Afzal2, Ahsan Aziz1,
Rizwan Maqbool3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Amjed Ali1, Muhammad
Adnan1, Durrishahwar5
...eriment was performed to determine the suppressive or simulative influence
of aqueous extracts of leaves, stem and fruit of Carthamus tinctorius L. at different
concentrations(0, 0.25, 0.50, 1, 2, 4, and 8%)on Echinochloa cruss-galli L. Results revealed
that 8%concentration of aqueous extracts of all tested parts of C. tinctorius was most
phytotoxic against germination as well growth of E. cruss-galli. Maximum me...
Farrukh Avais1, Anser Ali1, Hamza Javed2, Muhammad Saleem3, Tehreem Tahir4,
Muhammad Rafiq5,*
...e of melanogenesis which determines the mammalian skin, hair and eye
colour. Hyper-pigmentation leads to various skin disorders like melasma, sunspots, age
spots and freckles. Moreover, abnormal skin pigmentation is a serious aesthetic concern
which leads to psychosocial problems. Thus to achieve melanin inhibition, inhibition of
tyrosinase might be an effective approach. To this end we prepared methanolic (MeOH)...
Barkatullah1, Sumayya Noreen1.Khushnood Ur Rehman1, Zahid Ali Butt2, Tabassum
Yaseen3, Kamran Akbar3, and Salma Noreen3
...div>
ecosystem. To determine the allelopathic effect of Indian plum (Ziziphus mauritiana)
contrary to three selected crops i.e. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.),
and chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). The collection of Indian plum was made from Ahmad
Abad District Karak and was dried at room temperature under the shade. The aqueous
extract was used from different parts of the plants, which inc...
Naeema Khatoon Khaskheli1 , Muzafar Hussain Sirohi11, 2,*, Ameer Ahmed
Mirbahar1, Abdul Razak Mahar1, Mumtaz Ali Saand1, Mirza Hussain3
...fe span
were determined. The study confirmed 35 weed species belonging to 14 plant families. The
weed community was dominated by the plant families Poaceae (8 spp.), Amaranthaceae (7
spp.), and Aizoaceae (3 spp.). The most frequent species with relatively higher densities
include Digera muricata (Amaranthaceae), Trianthema portulacastrum (Aizoaceae), and
Corchorus olitorius (Malvaceae). The weed commu...

Mushtaq A.Alabodi1*, Imad Majeed Almeeni2 

...monitored twice a day to determine the sexual behavior of estrus based on clinical signs, using a male detector and taking a swab from the vagina to confirm the estrus phase. Also, on days 14, 30 and 60 after treatment, reproductive hormones (estrogen and progesterone) were analyzed in the blood. The results of the current study revealed that interestrus days were significantly higher in the G2 group (111.00 ± 2.68 days) compared to the G1 group (28.00 ...

Nittaya Thongtip1, Sukanya Poolthajit1, Sirikhan Thartrak1, Qiongxian Yan2, Suntorn Wittayakun1* 

...s should be conducted to determine additional effects on productive performance and changes in semen quality. 

...
Wagner Antonio Gorozabel Muñoz1*, Mayra Jossenka Loor Solórzano1, Josselyn Gema Palacio Intriago1, Virginia Vanessa Andrade Andrade1 and Carlos Alfredo Cedeño-Palacios1,2 
 
...ochemical evaluation was determined by: fat NTE INEN-ISO11085AOAC 2003.06, ash NTE INEN-ISO 2171, moisture NTE INEN-ISO 712, protein NTE INEN-ISO 20483, fiber NTE INEN 542, carbohydrates; antioxidant capacity by DPPH and carotenoids by HPLC. The results showed that the flour extracted from macer squash reached better averages in terms of fat 8.35 %; ash content of13.45 %; moisture 24.39 % and protein 17.70 %; the flour from vermilion squash reached better resu...

Eman Ali Hussein1*, Majdy Faisal Majeed2

...the current study was to determine if the ethanolic extract of (TFG) exhibited antioxidant activity against nephropathy resulting from the effects of diabetes due to (SZ). Animals in groups 2, 3, 4, and 5 were employed as experimental groups, whereas rats in group 1 received orally gavages of tap water and served as negative controls. Group 2 developed diabetes as a result of a single intramuscular injection of (SZ) at a dose of 50 mg/kg body weight, In contra...

Md. Shahidul Islam*, Md. Mizanur Rahman, Md. Sodrul Islam, Kazi Khalid Ibne Khalil and Apurbo Kumar Mondal

...mentation rate (ESR) was determined. In case of growth performances group B showed significantly (p< 0.05) higher comparing to the group A and C. The lowest FCR found in group B comparing to the group A and C. In hematological analysis there was significant (p< 0.05) changes in TEC, HB, PCV in the group B compared to the group C and A. So, it can be concluded that probiotics has positive effects on the growth performances (daily and final body weight imp...

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...use the RDN in Sweden to determine a gross diagnosis of the cause of death of cattle, with subsequent increased disease surveillance.
 
Keywords | Cause of death, Digital pathology, Necropsy, Off-site evaluation, On-farm death, Post-mortem examination
...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

...using ArcGIS software to determine the spatial and clustering pattern of FMD. The hotspot and autocorrelation analysis with Moran’s I statistic were conducted to validate the spatial patterns. In 2022, the month with the greatest number of instances was July, followed by June, May, August, September, October, and December. There have been no recorded cases of FMD from January to August 2023. The Aceh Besar district was notably recognized as a prominent a...

Nguyen Thuy Linh, Nguyen Hoang Qui*

...ely randomized design to determine the effect of replacing fish meal (FM) by Hermetia illucens larva meal (HIM) in the diet on growth and health of broilers with three treatments of a 15% replacement of FM by HIM, a 30% of FM replacement by HIM and control treatment without replacement of HIM for FM. The results showed that 30% of HIM replacement in diets improved the growth performance; better body weight gain (P<0.05), lower feed intake and improved feed ...

Claude Mona Airin1*, Miyayu Soneta Sofyan2, Galy Hardyta3, Khrisdiana Putri4, Pudji Astuti1

...nizoo rides. We aimed to determine how many tourists and horse riders affect their cortisol levels and the tri and tetraiodothyronine (T3/T4) ratio. We employed three riding horses at the Jogja Exotarium (JE), Yogyakarta. Fecal samples were collected in the morning, afternoon, and evening for seven days, during low and high numbers of visitors. The collected fecal samples were freeze-dried for 72 hours, and 80% methanol extraction followed by Enzyme Immuno Ass...

Siti Zubaidah1, Chusnul Hanim2, Bambang Ariyadi3, Aji Praba Baskara2*, Zuprizal2

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the nutritional composition of palm kernel cake (PKC) and its cell-wall structure. PKC with and without shells samples were used to study the chemical composition of PKC, and PKC with and without enzymes were used to investigate cell-wall structure. The enzymes consisted of mannanase (182 g/tons), nonstarch polysaccharide degrading enzyme (200 g/tons), and protease (130 g/tons). The chemical composition included dry matter (D...

Sheng Zhang, Rui Qiu, Zhiping Lv, Liying Yang and Wei He*

...ion in blood samples are determined by ELISA, and EphA2 protein and PRMT1 protein in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) samples are determined by western blotting, and then EphA2 mRNA and PRMT1 mRNA in BALF samples are determined by RT-PCR. The EphA2 expression and PRMT1 expression in experimental group were found clearly higher than those in the control. It appears up-regulation of EphA2...

Sri Purwanti1*, Wempie Pakiding1, Marhamah Nadir1, Nurhayu2, Kusumandari Indah Prahesti1, Sitti Nurani Sirajuddin1, Jasmal Ahmari Syamsu1,4, Andi Mushawwir3 

...s. This research aims to determine the value of lipid regulation and cardiovascular biomarkers of native chickens given a combination of maggot, indigofera and turmeric. A total of 120, 4-week-old male indigenous native chickens with an average initial weight of 42-45 g were divided into 3 treatment groups and fed diets, namely P0 (basal feed), P1 (basal feed + maggot mash 25%+ indigofera mash 5%+ turmeric mash 2.5%), and P2 (basal feed + maggot mash 20% + ind...

Muhammad Umair Khan*, Zahid Rauf, Abdur Rehman, Tanvir Hussain and Mansoor Ali Khan

... levels of freeness were determined to predict the pulping properties of ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala). The results show that all the considered fiber characteristics were found to influence the pulp sheet of Ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala). Overall, this paper highlights the importance of understanding the relationship between pulping properties and fiber characteristics of Ipil ipil (Leucaena leucocephala), for efficient and sustainable pulp and paper ...

Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Sarzamin khan1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Muhammad Ayaz3

...is study was designed to determine the combined effect of fiber degrading enzymes (β-Mannanase) and soybean hulls on the egg quality parameters in the laying hens during the early (29 to 32 weeks) peak production period. Two hundred golden brown (RIR×Fayoumi) layer birds of age 28 weeks were used for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicate. The...
Muhammad Faisal1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Majid Hussain2
Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan3, Zeeshan Yousaf1 and Muhammad Amjad1
...nt investigation, it was determined that replacing 10% of FM in the diet with MOLM improved the growth, body composition, hematological parameters, and body mineralization of C. catla fingerlings.

...

Kang Cheng1*, Zhihua Song2, Jingyi Niu1, Jin Huang1, Laiting Liu1, Jinrong Wang1 and Yong Zhang1*

...ive of this study was to determine whether fisetin could ameliorate heat stress-induced intestinal oxidative stress and inflammation, and explore the possible mechanisms at transcriptional levels. Twenty-four male Sprague-Dawley rats aged 8 weeks were randomized to 3 groups, namely, control, heat stress, and heat stress + fisetin (HS-FIS). The experiment lasted for 3 days with daily 1.5 h of heat treatment (40°C) for the heat stress and HS-FIS group...

Viranga Kumudini Jayasundara¹*, Ali Khatibi², Jacqueline Tham²

...erinary services (VS) to determine whether those affect free-roaming dog (SDP) population management. Simple random sampling was employed to select participants. The data was collected through in-person interviews adapting a closed-ended, structured questionnaire from 287 participants (dog owners who have local or native dogs). The measure was five point rating likert scale. RDO and SDP management were higher-order constructs, and dog-keeping practice, behavio...

Marah Salim Hameed1, Raad Mahmood Hussein Al Zubaidi2, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy3*

...lar to tropical Asia. To determine the physiological effectiveness of aqueous versus alcoholic extracts of Melia azedarach in amelioration of lipid profile, liver enzymes and innate Inflammatory indices for white New Zealand rabbits. Thirty adult white New Zealand male rabbits were classified equally in to 3 groups, G1 were administrated 28mg/day of aqueous extract of Melia azedarach for 14 days, G2, were administrated 28mg/day of ethanolic extract of Melia az...

Putri Islamiati1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif2, Joko Sujiwo1,3, Adi Nugroho4, Bambang Ariyadi1*

...s study was conducted to determine the effect of restricted feeding through the fasting method on growth performance, carcass traits, digestive organs, blood hematology, and intestinal histomorphology of broilers. A total of 240-day-old male New Lohmann broilers were randomly assigned to two treatments: ad libitum feeding (AF) and restriction feeding (RF). Restricted feeding is carried out by fasting method once a week after the brooding period at 10, 17, 24, ...
Muhammad Shuaib1*, Abdul Hafeez1, Muhammad Shahkar Uzair1, Abubakar Sufyan2 and Hammad Ullah3
...is study was designed to determine the combined effect of fiber degrading enzymes (β-Mannanase) and soybean hulls (SH) on the egg quality parameters in the laying hens during the early (29 to 32 weeks) peak production period. Two hundred golden brown (RIR × Fayoumi) layer birds, 28 weeks old, were used for the experimental purpose and were assigned into five groups CON, T1, T2, T3, and T4. Each group contained 4 replicates with 10 birds per replicat...

Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4

... for fish L. rohita were determined as 12.38mgL-1 and 23.6mgL-1, respectively. In secondary phase, fish was subjected to sub-lethal (1/3rd of LC50) value of cadmium for 60-days. Result showed significant decrease in daily weight gain, daily length gain, condition factor, specific growth rate and feed conversion ratio of Cd-treated fish as compared to control fish. In liver, the diameter of hepatocytes was significantly lesser in Cd-treated fish in comparison w...

Zaigham Abbas1*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Anjum Aqeel1, Talha Nazir2

...ion of C. chinensis were determined under laboratory storage conditions. Maximum grain weight loss was recorded in Thal-2006 (9.07%) after 120 days of infestation followed by CM-2008 (8.37%), while relatively lower weight loss (6.95%) was recorded in case of Punjab-2009. After 90 days of infestation, mean weight loss values for Thal-2006, CM-2008, Punjab-2008 and Punjab-2009 were recorded as 8.21, 5.95, 5.36 and 5.13%, respectively. Relatively lower values of ...

I Ketut Puja1*, I Nyoman Sulabda2, Ni Nyoman Trinayani3, Ni Wayan Patmawati3, Made Rahayu Kusumadewi3, Putu Bulan Sasmita Dewi3, I Wayan Sukernayasa4, Anak Agung Gede Oka Dharmayudha5, Putu Devi Jayanti5, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan5 

...t. This research aims to determine the potential utilization of pregnancy associated glycoproteins (PAG) circulating in the blood as a diagnostic tool for pregnancy in cows. A study was carried out on 37 Bali cows with previous experience giving birth. Blood samples were taken from the jugular vein on the 45th day after artificial insemination and stored at -20°C until PAG testing using the ELISA method. The sensitivity of the test for pregnancy detection ...
Manahil Wahab1 and Anwar Ali2
...f trees on farmlands and determine the status of farm forestry in District Charsadda. In order to achieve the objectives of the study, a social survey was conducted in the area and information was collected through a semi structured questionnaires. Fifty respondents were interviewed in selected sample villages using multi-stage random sampling techniques. The sampling intensity was 0.1%. The results revealed that all farmers have planted trees on their farmlan...
Ashar Farooq1 and Shakeel Ahmad2
...species composition were determined. Secondary data regarding rehabilitation of degraded slopes were also collected. Results revealed that slope stabilization measures have significant positive effect on vegetation parameters. The statistics show that the cover percent at Asrait, Niam, Kullaly and Dabargai sites was 55.5%. 51.4%, 41.4%, and 24.3% respectively. At Asrait site, 62.53% were planted species and 37.46% were indigenous; at Niam site, the planted spe...
Muhammad Umar Atique1, Sanam Zarif Satti1, Muhammad Ilyas1*
...emical constituents) was determined for three fodder tree species including Acacia nilotica, Bauhinia variegata, and Ceratonia siliqua. The leaf samples of the selected species were collected with replication of ten (10) from the Range Research Garden of Pakistan Forest Institute (PFI), Peshawar, and brought into the Forest Chemistry Laboratory of PFI in polypropylene woven bags for chemical analysis. Quality parameters including moisture content, ash, protein...
Maaha Malik1, Muzakir Shah2, Muhammad Naqash2, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Safdar Ali Shah2, Bushra Khan1, Sayyed Masoom Shah2, Zahid Mahmood2, Syed Talha Kamil2, Kamal Anwar2 and Faisal Khalid2
...n urban community and to determine measures for controlling climate change. The research survey was conducted based on hundred questionnaire including 25 questions ranging from demographic background of the participants to their level of awareness regarding climate change and the suggestions for measures to mitigate and adapt the effects of climate change. The study results showed that the only 24% participants know about concept of Climate Change. The term cl...
Ashar Farooq1*, Mohammad Salim2, Muhammad Tahir Khan3, Zahid Rauf1, Ahmed Hussain2 and Muhammad Bilal Zia1
.... Fresh forage yield was determined immediately after clipping. The samples were oven dried to determine dry matter yield and In-Vitro Dry Matter Digestibility. The data were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for Factorial arrangement. Significant difference between individual means was separated using Tukey's HSD test. The results of the study for comparison of species indicated that fresh forage yield (t/ha) and In...
Khalid Hussain, G. M. Nasir and Tanvir Hussain
...fiber wall thickness was determined in P. tomentosa while the lowest in P. fortune. The largest diameter of earlywood vessel was observed in P. elongate and that of latewood vessel in P. catalpifolia. The highest frequency of earlywood vessel per unit area was found in P. tomentosa and that of latewood vessel in P. fortune. Maximum ray height at tangential side was measured in P. catalpifolia whereas the ray wid...
Syed Fazal Baqi Kakakhel
... and potassium (%K) were determined in the soil of selected area through recommended analytical procedures. We found that the soil of Utror valley Kalam Swat is feasible for the growth of Morels besides recommendations for ex-situe conservation of Morels....
Mohsen Dehghani
...earch was carried out to determine fodder harvest value as one of the direct use values based on data collected from questionnaire and sampling throughout Hara Protected Area during all seasons of 2011 and 2012. The results reveal that the poor pastures and economically undeveloped infrastructures in the region have led the local communities on the coastal areas to supply the livestock's fodder from mangrove leaves. Hence, the household incomes rely consid...
M. M. Rahaman, K. Akhter and R. Akhter
...age of wood failure were determined. 1.05 N/mm2 pressure for the manufacture of ply wood was found to be the best. Particle board was manufactured from the chips of obtained from wasted veneer pieces using 10% UF resin glue (solid content) on the oven dried weight of the chip. The particleboards were tested for determining the strength and dimensional stability. The tensile strength passed the British and German standard specification, bending stre...
Nasim Abbas, M. Yousaf Khan, Tanvir Hussain and Muhammad Zahid
...ally Neelum valley, were determined to find out better utilization by standard laboratory methods. Permanent slides of cross, radial and tangential sections of the wood were prepared to determine anatomical properties of the wood through microscopic observations. The wood samples were prepared and tested as per international standard to determine physical and mechanical properties of wood....
Muhammad Farrukh Lateef1, Asad Abbas Khan2 and Muhammad Arif
... Dalana of D. G. Khan to determine the Forage Biomass and carrying capacity in seeded and unseeded area to evaluate the current condition of the Rakh. Line transect method was applied and quadrat was used to collect the data. The study revealed that forage production was higher in summer season. The carrying capacity of the study area was higher in summer season, and carrying capacity was higher in reseeded range area than unseeded range area which shows that ...
Tanvir Hussain, Zahid Rauf and G. M. Nasir
... structural features and determine physico-mechanical properties. Anatomical results revealed that Kasunder wood may be medium, Geiray better and Quercus wood may be good in strength. The wood of all the species may be less resistant to biological agents however, the seasoning and preservation behaviour of the woods may be slow. Based on the results of strength properties the wood of Fraxinus xynthoxyloides and Alnus nitida can be used in making ...
Anwar Ali1, Saz Muhammad2, Zakir Hussain3, Khadim Abbas4 and Kiramat Husain5
...ha. Annual increment was determined for coniferous species based on the growth rate for past 10 years. It was found that the forests of Skardu District would put in about 70,819 m3 in the next 10 year. This is equal to annual increment of 1.26 m3/ha. The results of the inventory show that the forests are poorly stocked lacking mature trees. Thus it is imperative to take steps for conservation of the mother trees and regeneration of the fo...
Mazhar Iqbal, Ashar Farooq, Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh and Waseem Abbas
...study was carried out to determine the effects of different species composition on infiltration capacity of soil. The study area was divided into three zones, namely, Zone-I: Pure Chir (Pinus roxburghii) Zone, Zone-II: Chir and Robinia (Robinia pseuodocacia) Mix Zone, and Zone-III: Pure Robinia Zone. Twenty (20) sample plots were established randomly in each zone for determination of infiltration capacity. Double Ring Infiltrometer was used to co...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad1, Syed Ajmal Rahim2, Junaid Mumtaz3 and Syed Akmal Rahim4
...nd tree plantings and to determine their role, influencing factors and constraints in the socio economic uplift of the rural communities. A random sampling procedure was adopted to select the five villages per division to collect the relevant data from 50 respondents, according to the pre tested structured questionnaire.

The average household size in the study area was 6 persons with 1-2 earning members per household. 60% were literate including 2% w...

Ghulam Mustafa Nasir and Hakim Shah
...th of the parameters and determine the influence of growth rate on density of wood. Results showed that in Deodar wood, the annual ring width ranged from 0.213-5.45mm and the basic density varied from 0.350-0.593gm/cm3. Majority of the studied wood samples were found to have 1- 2mm average annual ring width and 0.401-0.450gm/cm3 basic density of the wood. No specific trend of increase or decrease in basic density of wood with respect to g...
Mubashir Jamil Khan1, Asad Abbas Khan2, Amir Saleem1, Lateef M. A.1, Muhammad Aslam1, Muhammad Mushtaq2, Abdul Ghaffoor2 Amna Btool1 and Arsalan Ali Khan1
...esearch was conducted to determine the seasonal variation in nutritional value of five grass species found in Kherimurat scrub forest and rangelands. General observations of increasing percentage of all nutrients except for dry matter were observed from summer to winter season and then reverse from winter to spring in the major range grass species of Kherimurat....
Anwar Ali1, Muhammad Iftikhar2, Sajjad Ahmad3, Ayaz Khan4 and Sultan Muhammad5
...tal volume of a tree was determined by adding volumes of all logs. Different regression models were tested for deterring best relationship between DBH and height and DBH and Volume. On the basis of the best fit models, volume tables were prepared in 2cm dbh classes. These tables yielded volume estimates closer to the actual values obtained field measurement....
Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Abid Hussain
...through social survey to determine the benefits and constraints of raising Hurrie plantation in the three Union Councils; Seri, Hatri and Masoo Bhurgri of Hyderabad district. Among 24 respondents 21% farmers have 1-5 acres of Hurrie plantation, 13% have 6-10 acres, 29% have 10-16 acres and 37% have more than 16 acres. The results show that 58.3% farmers raised hurrie by themselves and 41.7% grow through tenants. The cost for raising hurrie varied from 7000/acr...
Ashar Farooq and Mubashir Hassan
...geland of Thal desert to determine the plant species composition, forage production and carrying capacity of the area to evaluate the current condition of the rangeland. Systematic sampling with random start procedure was adopted to collect the data. The study revealed that species composition of Cenchrus ciliaris was maximum (42.08%) followed by Eleusine flagellifera (27.41%) and Elionurus hirsutus (16.22%) respectively on the basis of co...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi and Sanam Zarif Satti
...ties of Murree Hills was determined at different harvest time, site of collection and storage time. Concentration of Vitamin C was found in the range of 2000-2500 mg/100g. Rosehips possessed fruit weight (4.3 to 6.2gm), seed weight (2.3 to 3.3gm), pulp weight (2.0 to 2.8gm), pulp seed ratio (0.66 to 0.86), average length (10.14 to 15.33mm) and average diameter (8.5 to 10.25mm). Vitamin C concentration increased from October to November followed by gradual dec...
Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar, Mohamed Zakaria, Ebil Yusof and Kamziah Abd Kudus
... of this research was to determine species abundance and feeding guilds of waterbirds at Putrajaya artificial freshwater wetland, Selangor Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 3720 bird detections that belongs to 21 waterbird species of 7 families were recorded using distance sampling point count method from March to December, 2009. The Purple Heron; Ardea purpurea (1083 detections; 29.11%), Black-crowned Nightheron; Nycticorax nycticorax (811 detecti...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...e land is put, should be determined by the owners, farmers, institutions and Government as the case may be according to their perception and needs.

As John Spears reported for the World Bank in March, 1982 that half of the world's population lives in or adjacent to the mountainous watershed environment and is affected by the way they are naturally framed. Thus the management decisions for these areas are influenced by a host of physical factors ...

Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar and Mohamed Zakaria
...ves of this study was to determine and compare the species composition and relative abundance of waterbirds and terrestrial birds using mist-netting method at Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1,478 bird individuals that belong to 65 species (18 waterbirds and 47 terrestrial birds) and 33 families (6 waterbird families and 27 terrestrial bird families) were recorded during 105 netting days within December, 2007 to November, 2008. Whit...
Enefiok S. Udo1, Opeyemi Olajide1 and Eyo A. Udoh2
...ifferent life-forms were determined using Shannon-Wiener diversity and Simpson's dominance concentration functions, respectively. Forty six plant species comprising 16 tree species, 17 shrub species, 8 herb species and 5 climber species were encountered. Apart from Baphia nitida, Pentaclethra macrophylla and Brachystegia eurycoma with populations of 6, 4 and 3/ha respectively, all other tree species had one frequency each/ha. In the shrub c...
Muhammad Shabir Mughal, Asif Raza Wazir and Ch. Muhammad Muslim
...nus communities were determined on the basis of the highest important value (HIV). The dominant species were Cedrus deodara, Pinus wallichiana, Abies pindrow, Picea smithiana, Pinus gerardiana and Quercus dilatata, Quercus incana etc. These plant species were the main source of income of the inhabitants. A number of medicinal plants like Berberis lycium, Thymus serpylum, Salvia sp., Solanum suratense were also found in the area....
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...tration rate (cm/hr) was determined with the help of double ring infiltrometer at mid point. Similarly for soil bulk density and soil moisture contents percent, undisturbed soil samples were collected using Galvanized iron sampler of 6cm in length and 5 cm in diameter. Results indicated that steep slope has the maximum average infiltration rate of 10.76 cm/hr, followed by medium slope 9.098 cm/hr and the lowest in gentle slope 6.63 cm/hr. The average soil bulk...
Iqbal Mahmood, Gul Rukh and Tanvir Hussain
...own at Changa Manga were determined by standard laboratory methods. .The results of the properties have been compared with the same species found in Burma. On the basis of result of properties the locally grown Teak wood is not only superior in strength but also suitable for various purposes where high stress is required. The local Teak wood has favourable relationship between tangential and radial shrinkage and aptness for framework and similar articles wh...
Amjad Ali Ch., Tariq Mahmood, Shahzad Fazal and Nowsherwan Zarif
...ive of this study was to determine influence of maturity on chemical composition of Buffel grass (Cenchrus ciliaris Linn.), Bluepanic (Panicum antidotale), Pennisetum orientale and Setaria sphacelata. The experiment was laid at Punjab Forestry Research Institute, Faisalabad on sandy loam soil. The experimental design was completely randomized with four replications. Grasses were established by planting tuft splits in 1x3 m plots at ...
Nasreen Fatima, Tanveer Ahmad Qureshi and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...s altissima wood was determined for the manufacture of medium density particleboard. The panels of particleboard were manufactured from the flakes of ailanthus wood at compression ratio 1.1 and 1.2 with board density 733 and 784kg/m3. Physico-mechanical properties of the boards indicated that a quality particleboard can be manufactured from ailanthus wood. At compression ratio 1.1, strength properties i.e. MOR 446kg/cm2, MOE (48348kg/...
Ferit Turanli
...study was carried out to determine the infestation level of dried fig pests during the year 2001 and 2002. The samples were collected from Aydin and Izmir provinces and villages where the production is extensively made and were kept in dark room with 25±3oC and 60-80% relative humidity. The infestation levels of each fig samples in relation to pest emerging were measured periodically.

According to the findings; fig moth, Ephestia c...

Maryam Aziz, Noreen Fatima, Ghulam Mustafa Nasir, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...kain) grown in NWFP were determined. The results of the study reveal that Melia azedarach wood may be pulped by Kraft process. At 15 percent active alkali and 25 percent sulphidity, yield of the pulp was about 50.3 percent. As far as strength properties were concerned, at 66 SRo (Schopper Regiler), Breaking Length of the paper was recorded 6181 km. These results clearly indicate that pulp industry can use Melia azedarach wood for Kraft...
Ghazala Yasmeen
...study was carried out to determine the effect of two rhizobial strains (i)Thal 8 and (ii)TAL 620,on three varieties of chickpea (Cicer arietinum) differ in nodulation capacity viz ICC 4948 High nodulating (HN), ICC 4948 Low nodulating (LN), ICC 4948 Non-nodulating (NN) . Seeds were inoculated with peat, as a carrier based inocula of rhizobial strains and sown in earthen pots during the mid November, under natural conditions. Data on growth and yield par...
Muhammad Afzal and Aqeela Mobeen Akhter
... study was undertaken to determine the requirement for initiation and multiplication rate of axillary buds of mature tree of Mulberry. Axillary buds derived from actively growing young shoots of 6 years old Morus alba were used to initiate the culture. Successful bud shoot induction and shoot elongation was achieved on MS media with 5µM BAP concentration. High multiplication rate i.e.12 micro shoots per culture was obtained with 15µM BAP. After ...
Mohammad Athar and Syed Mahmood Nasir
... survey were analyzed to determine host range of olive fruit fly (Bactrocera oleae) in California. Since its first appearance in California in 1998, the olive fruit fly has spread from Los Angeles to 37 counties, including all of the state's commercial olive growing areas. Olive fruit fly was trapped from 19 tree species belonging to nine genera distributed in seven families of angiosperms. Olives (Family Oleaceae) were the preferred host of the oliv...
Sardar M. Rafique and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...ns and cocoon shells was determined for seven exotic bivoltine pure lines of Bombyx mori L. strains (J-99, J-101, 205-MKD, 206-MKD, 206-PO, 207-PO and 208-PO) during spring and autumn seasons. Eight quantitative traits viz., total food ingestion (Tl), Total food digestion (TD), cocoon weight, shell weight, efficiency of conversion of ingested food into cocoon (ECIC) & shell (ECIS), efficiency of conversion of digested food into cocoon (ECDC) & shell (EC...
Nasreen Fatimah Rao, Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Kanwar Muhammad Suleman
...of the trees....
Mian Muhammad Shafiq
...to 6th February, 2002 to determine the status of migratory waterfowls visiting these wetlands. Direct sighting and counting of birds technique was adapted from dawn to dusk to assess the status of waterfowls. In areas adjoining the Chashma Barrage and Tarbela Reservoir the agriculture practices and cattle grazing were moderate while in Thanadar Wala these were on large scale. In Tarbala Reservoir the fishing activities and hunting were common which cause distu...
Rizwana Aleem Qureshi*, Mushtaq Ahmad**, Zaheer Yousaf* and Muhammad Arshad*
...es of these species were determined by interviewing Hakims and also from the literature. Characters recorded are head and receptacle, number of florests per head were taxonomically important to differentiate these species. It was observed that an important use of A. absinthium is as cure against liver diseases....
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M.M. Siddiqui
...y of protein (ISPD) were determined in five wild (Acacia modesta, Pistacia attlantica, Pistacia khinjk, Olea cuspidate and Zizyphus mauritiana) and five cultivated (Prunus dulcis, Pyrus malees, Prunus persica, P. domestica and Punica granatumiree leaves collected from three different locations in Balochistan. Tree species significantly influenced ADF-P (P<0.001) and ISPD (P<0.001) of the leaves. ADF-P was higher (P<0.01) in wild tha...
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
...sion) of the boards were determined. Mechanical properties of boards of paper mulberry increased with board density. The boards with density 0.66 g/cm3 have better dimensional stability than those with the density lesser or greater than this value....
Anwar Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Khan and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...round carbon density was determined at 4.60 t/ha. Mean belowground carbon stock was estimated at 2.57 t/ha. Litter carbon was estimated as 1.42 t/ha. Dead wood was found to be a non-significant pool of carbon in the riverine forest ecosystems. Average organic soil carbon was estimated at 31.95/t. There is a potential of carbon sequestration upto 20 tCO2/ha/year in this highly fertile landscape. This can be achieved with sustainable forest management practice...
Ahmed Zamir, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Muhammad Waqas Khan, Waseem Ullah and Rizwan Ullah
...owards farm forestry and determined the constraints in way of tree planting on farmlands. The results showed that about 70% of the farmers predicted the advantage of the tree planting as being the source of fuel wood and tobacco kilns. They further perceived the role of tree planting as; 50%, 40%, 30% role in shade, income and other environmental benefits respectively. It was observed that educated farmers favored tree farming as compared to the less educated ...
Sanam Zarif Satti, Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi, Iftikhar Ahmad and Sumara Zarif
...i>. The minerals profile determined by Energy Dispersive X-rays Spectroscopy (EDX) divulged that among all the plant species highest amount of Carbon (C) in B. aristata (55.63%), Oxygen (O) in C. alba (44.93%), and Magnesium (Mg) in B. monnieri (0.55%) was recorded. Likewise promising concentration of Aluminum (Al) (0.23%) in C. alba, highest value of Silicon (Si) (0.33%) in C. obliqua and Phosphorus (0.32%) in B. variegat...
Zahid Rauf, G. M. Nasir and Sohaib Ahmed
...khtunkhwa were tested to determine their physico-mechanical properties and evaluate their utilization potential for manufacturing of various wood products. Testing of the standard wood samples prepared from each species was carried as per ISO standards. Results showed that the studied wood species also are used as substitute for the commercial wood species for manufacturing of various wood products....
Mohammad Ibrar
...mic trace elements, were determined with the help of atomic absorption spectrophotometer in the leaves of Hedera helix, which is reputed as a folk hypoglycemic medicinal plant. All the three elements were present in very high amounts as compared to some other hypoglycemic medicinal plants....
M. Rahim Niazi, G. Habib and M. M. Siddiqui
...ons in Balochistan. Were determined. Ash, crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fibre (ADF) and in vitro dry matter digestibility (IVDMD) varied (P>0.001) due to tree species, but were not affected by location. Ash contents ranged from 4.62 to 17.02 percent of dry matter (DM) and remained higher in the cultivated tree leaves. CP in DM ranged from 7.17 percent in Olea cuspidata to 15.19 percent in Acacia modesta. Mean C...
Mamoona Wali Muhammad and Sumaira Saeed
...Khan, district Jehlum to determine the Gender role in biomass production, utilization and management for domestic energy needs. The analysis indicated that more female were involved in looking after and maintenance of trees on farmlands than males. However, females were found less in number when it came to planting activities. The study also revealed that fuelwood was a major source of energy for domestic cooking. The demand for the biofuel expected to increas...
Iqbal Mahmood and G. M. Nasir
...i>Cedrela toona were determined in accordance with standard methods. The results indicated that the wood of Cedrela toona is good in all the physical and mechanical properties both in green and air dry conditions and meet the standard requirements. More diversified and extensive use of the wood can be contemplated in addition to its traditional uses....
Tanvir Ahmad Qureshi
... and their mixtures were determined. Boards easily met industry specifications for all properties except linear expansion. Overall, the properties of the panels produced from 100 percent class A flakes were significantly superior to those of 100 percent class C. the properties of the panels produced from class B and C flakes were improved when they were mixed with 50 percent class A flakes....
Shad K. Khalil and John G. Mexal
... crustuliniforme, to determine how different mycorrhizal and non mycorrhizal (NM) fungi control affect the response of photosynthesis, dry matter, shoot-root partitioning and photosynthetic water use efficiency (PWUE). Containerized seedlings were grown in greenhouse for about 9 months under well-watered and nitrogen fertilized conditions, and then transferred to a growth chamber where measurements were made three days latter. All seedlings were watered to...
G. A. Bajwa and Hanif Gul
...Five larval instars were determined with maximum and minimum ratio of increase in head capsule width of 0.748 and 0.624 with an average 0.70 which conforms with Dyar's rule. The pest was found active in all larval instars from April to October except June and it over wintered in larval stage (2-5th instar) from November to February. Six to seven generations were found in a year....
M. Mohiuddin and R. Ara
... and cow dung (3:1), was determined. Seeds of all three species, soaked in water for 24 hours before sowing and sown directly in polyethylene bag, showed best germination percentages. The results of the study suggest that longer water soaking period of seeds and sowing in polyethylene bag with high temperature could be recommended for better seed germination of all three species studies....
Pazir Gul
...m americanum L. were determined. The results obtained compared well with those of oil from Ocimum canum Sims and Ocimum basilicum Var. minims. It is concluded that this oil is of fair standard and could be used in many products in place of oil from other Ocimum spp....
Kanwar Muhammad Suleman and Muhammad Ayaz
... has been carried out to determine the economic feasibility of manufacturing Eucalyptus chips at the stump for export purposes. The results of this analysis showed that at present the marketing margin in export of Eucalyptus chips from Pakistan is negative because of high production cost than the price offered in the international market. Higher production cost is mainly due to scattered supplies, higher transportation cost, small scale of chipping and...
G. A. Bajwa and H. Gul
...rvey was carried out to determine the number of sample per tree for accurate and precise damage assessment. A maximum of 39.06 ± 6.10 and minimum of 25.88 ± 2.58 percent damage was recorded at 2-3.5 and 4-5 meters tree height, respectively. On western, eastern, and northern side of crown, difference in damage at the two tree heights was significant (P< 0.05), while it was insignificant on southern side. Similarly, the overall damage on the four di...
A. U. Khan, S. Siddique and F. Naz
...ment created on the road determine to what extent pollution can be absorved or emitted by these trees....
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry, Sahibzada Muhammad Hafeez and Muhammad Jahangir Ghauri
...A study was conducted to determine the effect of watering levels on the growth of Eucalyptus camaldulensis potted nursery plants and its effect on the out-planting success. Survival percentage and height and diameter growth of seedlings at nursery as well as field phase were found non-significant. Economy in irrigation water and use of labour for irrigation without affecting the growth of plants was also worked out....
Muhammad Hafeez and Wahid Rasheed
...ca were selected to determine their effect on wheat crop. All the trees varied in diameter and height and were on the southern side of the wheat field. The trees were divided into seven diameter classes i.e. D1 = 20 - 24.9 cm, D2 = 25 - 29.9 cm, D3 = 30 - 34.9 cm, D4 = 35 - 39.9 cm, D5 = 40 - 44.9 cm, D6 = 45 - 49.9 cm, D7 = 50 - 55.9 cm. Effect of Acacia nilotica on crop height was observed upto a distance of 11.0 m. but was statistically ...
Pazir Gul
...ics of the oil were also determined. October collection the oil were also determined. October collection gave high yield of oil (2.8%) and menthol content (68.0%) as compared to other periods of the year, next high yield of oil and Menthol content was observed in the month of August. ...
Mohammad Saleem and C. A. Call
...study was conducted to determine differences in leave and tiller development and root development between seedlings of Chrysopogon aucheri (Boiss.) staph, and Cymbopogon jwarancusa (Jones) Schult, at 15, 30, 45, and 60 days after emergence. Chrysopogon aucheri seedlings generally had greater, but not significantly greater, tiller and leaf development and shoot biomass than Cymbopogon jwarancusa seedlings. Chry...
K. M. Siddiqui and Saliheen Khan
...sed satellite imagery to determine land use in this area (FSMP, 1993). Its data are reproduced below. Since, 4.7 million ha were not classified, so its estimate of irrigated farmland (44,000 ha) is an under estimate. A 1985 census estimated that Gilgit alone, one of five districts in Northern Areas, had 20,000 ha of farmlands (World Bank, 1990)....
M. Ismail Chaudhry and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
...rocera were used to determine their efficacy against Plecoptera reflexa larvae, an important defoliator of shisham plantations. In case of A. indica and M. azedarach seed powder was used for making 10% water extract and for D. alba and C. procera leaves, branches and stem were boiled in water for making 15% and 21% decocations, respectively. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design. All test...
Shakeel Haider Zaidi, Anwar Ahmad Khan and Muhammad Muslim
...ter growth and yield was determined. The plant is perennial at higher hills and good yield of leaves was recorded during second and third year's growth of the plant. Roots of A. acuminata attained exploitable size after three years growth....
Iqbal Mohammad
...per describes a study to determine the pay-back time period of Shinkiari-Kund forest road. It is concluded that Rs. 3.437 million invested in the 19 km road building will be fully paid back in 4 years. Total timber to be harvested to break-even with the investment is estimated at 6,839 m3 (242,000 cft)....
Bashir Hussain Shah, Altaf Hussain and Raja M. Omer
... soil samples were also determined in the laboratory. The results showed that the infiltration capacity was highest in normal soil (0.17cm/hr). The infiltration capacity of saline-sodic soil under different vegetation e.g. tree plantations, grass cover and bare soil differed significantly although other physical characteristics were not significantly different....
Iqbal Mahmood and G.M. Nasir
...ood grown on Sindh were determined. Density and strength properties of the wood were compared with that of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) and Babul (Acacia nilotica) wood. Conocarpus lancifolius wood was found to be better than Shisham wood and comparable to Babul wood in maximum compression parallel to grain, compression parallel to grain at elastic limit and impact bending strength....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
... the world. In order to determine the possibility of its cultivation as a crop, introduction and fertilizer trials were conducted for two consecutive years at Medicinal Plants farm, Peshawar. Yield data indicated that 3-cuttings proved better as compared to two cuttings/annum.Application of split doses of NPK at the rate of 150:30:30 kg/ha significantly increased the yield of green herb as compared to other doses.The mint oil content are comparable wi...
M. Bashir Khan
...activity, arginine were determined separately in roots, stems and leaves of Atropa acuminate fed with nutrient solution having different source of nitrogen fertilizer. All sources of nitrogen fertilizer increased the total biomass and the highest increase (27.2% of control) was in the plants fed with both ammonium and nitrate. The highest increase (34.7% of control) in the alkaloid concentration was in the plants fed with only ammonium.The incr...
Wahid Rashid and Mohammad Hafeez
...ah. District Sialkot to determine the effect of Shisham (Dalbergia sissoo) on the yield of wheat crop. Fifty trees of variable diameter and heights were selected for southern side of the field and were divided into seven diameter classes e.g.15 - 19.9, 20 - 24, 9, 25 - 29.9, 30, 34.9 cms, 35 - 39.9, 40 - 44.9 and 45 - 50 cms. Dalbergia sissoo trees affected crop height up to a distance of 11.0 meters but the effect was statistically non-s...
Altaf Hussain and Pazir Gul
... species were planted to determine their suitability for salt tolerance under waterlogged conditions. Analysis of the soil of the experimental site indicated that it was dispersed and varied from saline to saline-sodic in chemical composition with salinity in water. Performance of species was determined on the basis of their survival and height growth. Local species, such as, Tamarix aphylla, Acacia modesta and...
*Nasir M. But, **Noor Mohammad, *Sartaj and *M. I. Sultani
...terial was sun dried to determine the dry grow Cenchrus ciliaris years results it is recommended to grow Cenchrus ciliaris (RM 269), Pnicum antidotale (RM269), and Pennisetum purpureum (A146) in the rangelands of Pothwar tract of Pakistan....
Mohammad Rafique Sardar
...s study was conducted to determine the effect of different lopping intensities of (Jand) on soil moisture, soil loss, herbage production and ground vegetation cover. Twelve sample trees of almost uniform size were selected in Rakh Dagar Kotli, Thal. The lopping treatments were assigned randomly to the sample trees. The study showed that jand trees play an important role in protecting the soil and ground vegetation from harmful...
Pazir Gul and Muhammad Farooq
...ha piperita L. were determined. The results obtained compared well with those of oil from Mentha piperita Var. Valgaris, Mentha piperita L. and Mentha arvensis. It was concluded that this oil could be used in many products in place of oil from other Mentha spp....
Raja Walayat Hussain
... in arid conditions was determined using five growth models. Out of these, allometric model gave a better result which was used for estimation of stem, branch and total weight separately of trees with varying diameter at breast height....
Anwar Ahmad Khan and Shakeel Haider Zaidi
...ents were carried out to determine the optimum period of growth, effect of planting season and application of N&P alone or in combination on the yield of Dioscorea diltoidea rhizomes at Kuza Gali, its natural habitat. Results indicated that yield of rhizomes significantly increased with the increase in duration of time. The yield was optimum after 6 years growth period followed by progressive decline in yield of rhizomes harvested after 8th and 1...
S. M. Yasin and T. A. Qureshi
...ght hardwood species was determined as a basis for assessing their suitability for wood cement boards. From the values it is predicted that poplars would provide a better raw material for wood-cement boards than Acacia nilotica Willd., followed by Dalbergia sissoo Roxb., and Tamarix aphylla Vahl., while among the poplars, Populus alba L., would be better than P. deltoides March., P. cilliata Wall., P. euphrat...
Muhammad Farooq, Pazir Gul Khan and F. W. Khan
...ll the grasses were also determined. The results obtained were compared with those of common grasses of Cholistan, Kalachitta area and Thai already supporting large herds of cattle. They compared favourably well to justify their propagation as a cattle feed on pilot scale....
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
...mber harvesting not only determine the magnitude of material to be extracted and economic gains of the operation but also the preservation of remaining stand and site....
S. M. Yasin, T. A. Qureshi and S. M. Raza
...ommercial adhesives was determined through the shear strength of wood joints of Walnut (Juglans regia), Eucalytus camaldulensis and Juniper (Juniperus excelse) wood species. The durability of these adhesives was also estimated after conditioning the wood joints to 65%, 80% and 95% RH at 35°C. In addition the optimum pressing time for each adhesive was determined. Taking shear strength of walnut wood a...
Mohammad Afzal Cheema and Michael Kleine
...ost important parameters determined from forest inventories. In Europe the growing stock was estimated with the help of one of the following methods till 40 years back....
M.I. Sheikh
... in split plot design to determine the effect of depth of planting on the survival and growth of Acacia aneura. Acacia modesta and Tecoma undulata under barani conditions in July, 1980 using six replications. Twenty five plants of each species were planted in a replication in each depth of planting at 2 x 2 metres spacing. The plants were planted at two depths i.e. 30 cm and 18 cm in the pits of 0.5 meter diameter...
K.M. Siddiqui and Iqbal Mahmood
...>E. sidropholia were determined and found to better than those of commonly grown local species of hard-wood. The results of current study indicate good utilization potential of these Eucalyptus species for many purposes....
Pazir Gul and F. W. Khan
...tha arvensis., were determined. The results obtained were compared with those of oil from Mentha piperita L; Mintha piperita var. Vulgaris and Mintha arvensis. It was observed that this oil was of fair standard and could be used for flavouring pharmaceuticals tooth pastes, dental cream, cough drops and alcoholic leqururs like those oils from other Mintha spp. Further work in the other aspects of this problem is in...
M. A. Ogigirigi and A. B. I. Igboanugo
...d and compared at three determined depths along the soil profiles. Although all the soil types have a layer of hard iron crust (plinthite layer) with in a depth of 40-60 cm in the soil the roots of the exotics were able to penetrate beyond the plinths. Among the exotic, Eucalypts proved best at penetrating the plinths, having comparatively larger sized and more numerous roots that were well distributed along the soil profile. Closely following the euc...
Ioryisa Verinumbe
...gerian-grown species, to determine some physical and mechanical properties. The plywood contains 3 plies: 1mm thick Antiaries Africana facings and 4mm thick Terminalia superba as core. Static binding strength, impact strength, density, moisture content, and glue bond quality were determined as specified in B.S. 4512 (1969) and B.S.1445 (1972). modulus of rupture (MOR), modulus of elasticity (MOE), impact strength, den...
Pazir Gul, Salahuddin Khan and F. W. Khan
...position of the oil were determined and the results obtained were compared with those of oil from Datura alba and other Datura species. It was concluded that this oil was of the same nature as those of the other Datura species and could be similarly used in medicine....
Ashiq Ahmad
...or in the study area was determined as 53 which indicated the presence of at least 400 animals in whole Koh-e-Suleman....
K.M. Siddiqui
...rial cooks were made to determine the most suitable kraft (sulphate) pulping conditions for producing bleachable pulp with Kappa number of about 25 from 15 chir pine trees of three age groups. In laboratory tests trees of 36 - 45 years age gave maximum pulp yield. However, hand sheets prepared from the pulp of 26 - 35 years-old trees had higher breaking length and burst strength and lower tear strength than those of 36 - 45 years and higher age groups....
M.I. Sheikh and Sultan Maqsood Khan
...nge Research Nursery to determine the effect of 5 watering frequencies namely weekly, 2-weekly,3-weekly, 4-weekly and no watering on 4 fodder species viz. Leucaenea leucocephala, Robinia pseudocaeia, Ceretonia siliqua and Tecoma undulate during July, 1982. By November, 1982 it was found that species differ appreciably in the survival percentage as well as the average height of survived plants. The irrigation frequencies had a differential...
K.M. Siddiqui
...f three age groups were determined in the standard manner. Considerable variation was observed within individual trees as well as between trees of different age groups in moisture content, bark percent, latewood percent, wood specific gravity, fibre lengthy and diameter, extractives contents. Trees of 36 - 45 year age were found to have most suitable wood quality for pulping purpose as compared to those of lower and higher age groups. ...
Mohammad Ayaz
... Institute, Peshawar, to determine the effectiveness of aluminium paint in protecting the contents of deodar containers from deposition of oleo-resins....
Raja Mohammad Ashfaque and Anjum Amin
...nt study was aimed at to determine the affect of closure on forage production both inside and outside the exclosure. ...
M. Y. Raie, Ijaz Ahmed, Shahina Zaka and S. A. Khan
...aena leucocephala as determined by GLC, containing 9.0% oil, is C16:0 (18.3%), C18:0 (1.5%), C18:1 (15.3%), C18:2 (61.0%), C18:3 (2.1%) and C22:0 (1.8%)....
Mohammad Ayaz and K. M. Siddiqui
...le research is needed to determine the suitability and economics of working of these tools in different countries and forests in view of the varied socio-economic conditions prevailing in them....
Pazir Gul and Fazli Wahid Khan
... Datura alba were determined and the results obtained were compared with those of oil from Datura stramonium. It was concluded that this oil was of fair standard and like Datura stramonium oil could be used in pharmaceutical industry....
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ls near Fort Collins, to determine the effect of soil depth on composition, total cover, shrub cover and herbaceous cover of the vegetation. The analysis of variance snowed significant difference between the stands and t test gave significant difference between the shrubby and non shrubby stands. The herbaceous cover and total vegetation cover were found positively correlated and shrub cover negatively correlated with the soil depth. The shrubs and herbaceous...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...Fort Collins Colorado to determine the effect of depth, slope and micro-relief (ridges and depressions) on belowground biomass. The underground plant biomass was collected to 40cm depth. Fifty percent ( 1004 g/m2 ) of the total collected biomass (2008g/m2) was found in the 0-10cm soil section; 24%(482 g/m2) in the 10-20cm layer; and 26%(522 g/m2) in the 20-40cm depth. The middle slope out-produced (2370g/m2) the upper slope (1741g/m2) and lower slope (1911g/m2...
G. M. Khattak Dr. and Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...s of soils are generally determined by their depth, texture, gravel content, water infiltration and moisture holding capacity, and by topography and drainage. About one third of the area comprises bare rock. Over the rest the soil is shallow, light grey brown, gravelly clay loam with a surface covering of gravel. It is generally underlain by weathered limestone fragments followed by bed rock. The soils are highly calcareous, non-saline and moderately alkaline ...
Mohammad Ayaz
...e, needs to be correctly determined. Available information on the density of Pakistani timbers is very old and is based on the works carried out in India before partition and the reported figures of density for different timbers are mostly from those areas which are located in that country. These density values often differ with observed density of timbers collected locally due to the differences of locality conditions in the two countries. Density determinati...
K.M. Siddiqui and Mohammad Pervez
...n of blue pine seed were determined for different seed sources of this species in these studies. It was observed that the viability of blue pine seed is significantly reduced within short period if it is stored at high temperature. Seed stored in dry cold or stratified condition retains its viability and maximum terminations per cant as well as speed of germination are obtained if the seed is stratified for 120 days. Insecticidal treatment of seed in s...
S. M. A. Shah, A. Razzaq and M. T. Younis
...ntosan and contents were determined. Also, losses due to alcohol-benzene solubility, a-hydrolysis, B-hydrolysis and acid purification were examined in these samples....
A. R. Beg and Mirza Hakim Khan
... limits of the zone were determined. Dry oak forests were found to indicate Mediterranean climate as elsewhere in the world. They, however, comprise of two sub-types in this country: the pure dry oak forests with true Mediterranean climate and the dry oak-chir ecotonal forests with transitional Mediterranean climate. Four plant communities have also been described in the zone....
Abdul Aleem
...tat characteristics were determined for the summer season. Cover conditions were favorable and the food was plentiful for the number of a animals occupying the area....
Abdul Aleem and M. Noor
...shawar during 1977-78 to determine the effect of harvesting frequency on Napier hybrid bajra (fortnightly, monthly, bimonthly and final) and Vicia sativa (monthly,1-1/2 monthly, bimonthly and final). Final harvest produced significantly more forage as compared to monthly and bimonthly (Napier hybrid bajra) and 1-1/2 monthly and bimonthly (Vicia sativa) harvests (0.05 levels). Highly significant (0.01) results were obtained in case of fortnightly ...
G. M. Khattak, M. I. Sheikh and S. H. Bangesh
...riment was laid out to determine the effect of the application of N, P, K, B, Mg, Zn and Fe on the fresh weight of foliage produced by mulberry at the close of the growing season, and its crude protein content. The objective was to increase the quantity and quality of feed for silkworms....
Anwar Ahmad Khan, Shakeel Haider Zaidi and Zainul Arifeen
...ents were carried out to determine the optimum age to which the plant should be grown, economical method of cultivation and effect of different fertilizers on the .yield of Dioscorea deltoidea rhizomes at Sharan in their natural habitat. Data collected revealed that there is significant increase in the weight of rhizomes with increase in the duration of time (number year). Soil working and application of NP135 kg per hectare gave higher yield as compare...
Abdul Aleem
...rea. Food production was determined in the winter habitat of Markhor and it was inferred that the feed is not scarce for the wild animal. ...
Moinuddin Ahmad, Asrar Hussain and Tariq Hussain
... per inflorescence were determined, and pollen grain fertility, pollen grain germination and viability and seed germination tests were carried out. Mean size, shape and weight of seed and % seed were also determined. Eleven species of various grasses including the above three were also studied for the establishment of relationship between TTC reactivity and routine germination test. The two were found highly correlat...
Abdul Aleem
...tter size in markhor was determined in Chitral Gol game sanctuary during the first fortnight of July, 1977, one month after the birth of young ones. A kid/female ratio of 1.2 was observed. Percentage of younger age gradations in the population was more except one year and 2-year-age classes which indicated mortality in the previous 2 years. Kid/female ratio in various age gradations showed that the reproductive activity was less in younger age classes. Twinni...
Abdul Aleem
...d the need of surveys to determine the status of all wild animals, starting with those on the danger list: Cheetah, wild ass, Marco Polo's sheep, Suleiman markhor; great Indian bustard, western horned tragopan, snow leopard, Baluchistan bear, goitered gazelle, gavial and some waterfowl e.g., swans, marbled teal etc....
Abdul Aleem
...y of the range were also determined....
Mohammad Shahid and Abdul Qayyum
...s to different places as determined in this work is recommended for maximum honey production....
S. M. Chaghtai and Mohammad Yusuf
...communities of Kohat was determined and the relationship between species diversity and its components was studied. Species diversity and its components were correlated with the structural characteristics of the communities. The general behavior of some important species has also been discussed....
Mohammad Yasin and Qaim Hussain Shah
...study was carried out to determine properties of mulberry wood. Effects of knife angle, log conditioning period and veneer drying temperature and time on the quality of veneer were studied. It was observed that mulberry logs produce good quality veneer of 1.0 mm, 2.0 mm and 2.5mm thickness, when they were conditioned in hot water for 12 to 18 hours before peeling. Knife angle of 920 was found be optimum for cutting good quality veneer from logs of 1.0 ...
K.M. Siddiqui and M. Saleem Khattak
...within a tree population determines its mating pattern and consequently local and geographic variation in the species. Studies carried out in the past have shown that pollen and seed travel relatively short distances and gene flow is limited enough to promote genetic differentiation (Wright, 1953, 1962; Strand, 1967; Sluder, 1969). On the other hand, though it implies that breeding unit is small in most tree species, even in those species w...
F. W. Khan, Pazir Gul and M.N. Malik
...oringa oleifera were determined. The results were compared with the oil from Moringa aptera and Moringa concanensis. It was observed that the chemical composition of Moringa oleifera is parable to that of the Moringa concanensis. ...
Syed Rashid Ali
...Palosee Village has been determined by number and canals in Islamia Collage Campus, Forest Institute and Lakerhay Village has been determined by number and weight per unit area in Spring Season. The gut contents of the fishes of these water bodies were also studied and it was found that 80 percent fishes live in bottom fauna. ...
Jalil Ahmad Khan and Pervaiz Akhtar
...most consideration which determines their commercial exploitation for various purposes is the basic information about their technological properties. The lack of such information about the home grown species has always been a serious setback in their proper utilization. An investigation on the technical properties of Eucalyptus tereticornis was therefore undertaken in order to provide reliable data often required for determining its utility. The prese...
F. W. Khan, Khawas Khan and M.N. Malik
...tants of these fractions determined. The separation of tallow appears feasible since it does not involve any cumbersome steps in processing....
M. N. Malik, M. Jamil-ur-Rehman and M. Hafiz
...>Cedrus deodara were determined. The findings are tabulated and discussed. The roll of organic matter in the enrichment of soil-site and towards maintenance of nutrient balance is elaborated....

Ali Mohammed Obayes*, Zaid Salah Hussein 

...firmatory testing and to determine the prevalence of glanders in horses and donkeys. For this reason, a competitive enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assay (cELISA) was applied to determine seropositivity against Burkholderia mallei in clinically confirmed cases of glanders from Baghdad city. Analysis of sera samples collected from horses (n=80) demonstrated that 36 horses were positive with a percentage of 22.5 % positivity rat...

Helal F. Al-Harthi1*, Essam H. Eldrehmy1,2, Afaf Eladl3, Marwa I Abd El-Hamid2*

... samples in Egypt and to determine the virulence genes profiles of MDR biofilm-producing MRSA isolates. A total of 150 samples were obtained from bovine meat (n= 30) and meat products (n= 120) samples in Sharkia Governorate, Egypt. Conventional identification techniques detected 50 (33.3%) staphylococcal isolates (32.8%); 28 (18.7%) were classified as S. aureus and 22 (14.7%) were identified as coagulase-negative staphylococci (CoNS). All the examined S. aureu...

Sony Eka Nugraha1*, Marianne Marianne2, Rony Abdi Syahputra2, Aji Najihudin3, Nikmatul Ikhrom Eka Jayani4, Shaum Shiyan5, Nabila Nabila6,7

...aim of this study was to determine the anti-thrombocytopenic activity of the ethanol extract of C. papaya leaves in rats using in silico and in vivo studies. Analysis of phytochemical compounds was carried out using GCMS and qualitative phytochemical screening. Additionally, antioxidant activity was determined by spectrophotometry. A rat model of thrombocytopenia was established by subcutaneous injection of heparin at 2000 I...

Pavana Jyothi Vanjavaka1, Mouradam Veerasami2, Mohana Subramanian Bhaskaran2*, Vijay A.K.B. Gundi1*

...articular study aimed to determine the genetic changes in the VP2 gene, which are responsible for creating different antigenic variants, and to understand their impact on pathogenicity. In contrast, molecular characterization has become an essential tool in comprehending the evolution of viruses. For studying the molecular level changes, 28 field isolates were collected from various regions in India and subjected to PCR for amplification, with sequencing of a ...

Budi Santoso*, Bambang Tjahyono Hariadi, Marlyn Nelce Lekitoo

... on the findings, it was determined that cellulase enzymes efficiently decreased the crude fiber fraction in complete feed silage generated from palm frond, while also enhancing the quality of fermentation and nutrient digestibility.
 
Keywords | Fermentation, Methane, Oil palm frond, Ruminant, Silage
...

Hafsa Tauqir1, Imran Ahmad2 and Muhammad Bilal Sadiq1*

...pose of the study was to determine the total phenolic content (TPC), antioxidant content and betalain content of beetroot pomace extract (BPE) under optimized extraction conditions. Beetroot pomace was further used to develop a flavored yogurt. The highest responses for DPPH inhibition (66.6%), betaxanthins (174 mg/L), betacyanins (265 mg/L) and TPC (2.78 mg GAE/g) were observed by extraction optimization. The antibacterial activity of the pomace extract was t...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

... crucial components that determine taste and flavor quality are lost. The current study deals with the one weakness of small scale producers in term of their oils by exploring how a ginger oil extract can improve toffee, taste, viscosity, and, last but not least, fight against mold growth in soft cheese. The goal is, however, to lengthen its shelf life and increase organoleptic values. In this experiment, ginger oil extract was being extracted and used at diff...

Ammar Abdulhasan Aldhalemi1, Murtadha Abdulhasan Aldhalemi2, Ali Joodi3, Qais R. Lahhob4* 

... crucial components that determine taste and flavor quality are lost. The current study deals with the one weakness of small scale producers in term of their oils by exploring how a ginger oil extract can improve toffee, taste, viscosity, and, last but not least, fight against mold growth in soft cheese. The goal is, however, to lengthen its shelf life and increase organoleptic values. In this experiment, ginger oil extract was being extracted and used at diff...
Fawad Khan1, Zahir Muhammad1, Tahseen Ullah1, Khushdil Khan2 , Shabir Ahmad2, Asif Kamal2 and Khafsa Malik2
...t study was performed to determine the floristic composition and
ecological characterization of the flora of tehsil Sarai Naurang. The floristic diversity of
the plant consists of 143 species belonging to 47 families including 42 dicots and 5
monocots. Poaceae was the dominant family containing 18 species followed by
Brassicaceae, Fabaceae, Asteraceae and Solanaceae. Therophytes were dominant class
ha...
Javairia Mehboob1, Syeda Hafsa Ali1*, Fahima Ashraf Kasi1, Syeda Ayesha Ali2, Safa
Farooqi3, Muneeza Arbab4,
.... We
further determined antimicrobial activity of these biogenic nanoparticles against pathogenic
bacterial strains (Staphylococcus aureus, and Escherichia coli) and Plant pathogenic fungal
strains (Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger). Our results confirmed the formation of
AgNPs with size <100 nm. Antibacterial activity of lavender mediated AgNP was highly
significant, followed by artichoke ...

Rizwan Maqbool1, Bilal Ahmad Khan2*, Muhammad Ather Nadeem2, Sumbal Parvez3, Muhammad Mohsin Amin2, Jamshahid Qamar2, Azhar Hassan1, Muhammd Alam Elahi1, Jamshed Haider1, Muhammad Irfan4 and Memuna Ghafoor Shahid5

...on and gallic acid) were determined in aqueous extract of bark of C. verum, maximum quercetion (12.3%) and minimum syringic acid (0.60%). It was concluded from this study that aqueous extract of C. verum can be used as bioherbicide at higher concentration to control weed while at low concentration as plant growth regulator.

...

Siti Fatonah*, Herman and Dewi Yuni Safitri

...trol. This study aims to determine the effect of aqueous extracts from fresh leaves of C. citratus, M. bracteata and a mixture of both on the germination and growth of Paspalum conjugatum and Borreria alata weeds.Treatments consisted of extracts of M. bracteata, C. citratus and a mixture of both extracts at various concentrations (0% or control, 20% and 60%). Spraying of the extracts started at the time of seed planting, then spraying was done every 3 days for...

Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10

...ible. This study aims to determine the prospects and challenges of agribusiness in developing countries considering Bangladesh as an example, and investigate the opportunities. With the country’s massive population, agribusiness would grow quickly. Similar factors would increase the demand for food and agricultural goods globally, expanding the country’s export prospects. There are several chances for growth in this industry for domestic and intern...
Hong Su1,2, Lu Chen1,3, Wenrui Guo1, Daqing Wang1,3, Aolei Dou1,2, Jie Su1, Yanyan Yang4, Ying Tian4, Tingyi He4, Caiyun Wang1, Chenguang Du1, Haijun Li1, Xihe Li5, Guifang Cao1*, Yongli Song5* and Fuxiang Bao3*
...ly embryonic development determines fetal and adult development. However, little is known about the specific development of the early Mongolian sheep embryo. We aim to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between 16-day embryos of two breeds of Mongolian sheep, namely, Hulunbuir short-tailed sheep and Ujumqin sheep, by mRNA sequencing. A total of 2152 DEGs were identified. Significantly DEGs include WNT5A, WNT2, AXIN2, BMP5, TGFB2, and SMAD9, whic...
Sajid Hussain Shah1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1*, Asmatullah Kaka1
Ahmed Nawaz Tunio2, Abdullah Channo1, Qudratullah Kalwar4
Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar3, Kashif Ali Malak1 and Baban Ali Rahoo1
... Intensity of estrus was determined by observing the estrus signs. Results showed significantly higher intensity of estrus signs in Group B than A and C for mucus discharge 90%, 65%,10%, flehmen 90%, 60%,10%, standing heat80%, 60%, 10% and sniffing vagina 80%, 70%, 10%, respectively. Estrus duration differs significantly among the treatment groups (P<0.05). Significantly maximum estrus duration was noted in group B (15.02 ± 0.21 h), then A (13.58 &pl...

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

...als why it is crucial to determine the roles of newly discovered microbes in making the microbial community more complex and important in ecosystem function. The central mention throughout the paper clarifies the value of the microbials for the biogeochemical processes and allows the resilience of the ecosystem. In the study, there are various types of novel bacteria being subdivided and their phylogenetic diversity, metabolic functionality and ecological feat...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2, Muhammad Atif Majeed1 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...verage growing stock was determined as 7.94 m3 per ha. The growing stock level in riverine forests in the study area is far lower than that of the normal riverine forest. The study recommends adopting effective measures for the rehabilitation of these forests. These measures may include control of open grazing and cutting  of trees through community participation and restoration of landscape through artificial regeneration techniques such as through sowin...

Tugba Bozlar1* and Nur Diktas Bulut2

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the effect of spatial and climatic factors on the productivity of chestnut honey and chestnut propolis produced in chestnut forests and to reveal the potential contribution of their production to the economy. The study area included the provinces of Artvin, Trabzon, Ordu and Samsun in the Eastern and Central Black Sea Region, and covered the beekeepers producing chestnut honey and chestnut propolis in chestnut forests. The pr...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Muhammad Zubair Anjum1 and Shamim Akhter1

...ion characteristics were determined for different stocking densities. Water quality analysis was performed for each treatment to record variations for each treatment. The ANOVA (analysis of variance) test was performed to analyze the difference between the means among the three different stocking densities. Significant weight gain (P>0.05) was achieved at stocking densities of 10,000 and 15,000 /acre as compared to fish stocked at highest stocking densities...

Gökhan Ulukan1*, Zeynep Pekcan2, Zülfükar Kadir Sarıtas3, Ilker Etikan4, Serkan Sayıner5, Feride Zabitler6 and Fatma Eser Özgencil1

...IL1-β and NO levels determined at the same timepoints. TNF-α at postop24 h showed a significant positive correlation with the postop0 h GCPS-SF score. NO at postop8 h showed a significant negative correlation with the postop4 h GCPS-SF score. However, since these results were not simultaneous, they were disregarded. Although there was no statistically significant difference in post-operative pain and stress among the three groups, surgical stress wa...

Lin Li1*, Lu Lu2, Gang An2 and Xiaoguang Zhang3

... Bcl-2 in the cells were determined by Western blot. After treatment with TF-TP 150 μmol/L, the cell monolayer adhered to the wall, which was fusiform or polygonal. The suspended cells and cell debris were significantly reduced compared with the blue light model group. Hoecht staining showed that the apoptosis rate of the blue light model group and TF-TP 150 μmol/L group was significantly higher than that of the blank control group (P<0.01). The apopt...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammard Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2
...ted orchards of Sindh to determine the effectiveness of Trybliographa daci and Diachasmimorpha longicaudata against Bactrocera flies in combination with mass trapping. Results shown significantly (P<0.05) maximum parasitization of T. daci (342.00±16.26, 320.00±14.85) respectively in EA-2 (guava) treated blocks at Hyderabad and Larkana. Whereas, minimum parasitization of both parasitoids were observed in the untreated blocks of mango at discret...

Atikah Nur Baity1, Noni Ashri Maghfiroh1, Syalsa Bella Fitriana1, Kurniawan Dwi Prihantoko2, Dyah Maharani2, Diah Tri Widayati2*

...ess. This study aimed to determine the effect of storage periods in liquid nitrogen on DNA fragmentation of post-thawed semen of Bali bull. This research was conducted at the Laboratory of Animal Physiology and Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Science, Universitas Gadjah Mada. Seventy-five semen straws produced from one bull were divided into 3 groups; each group consisted of 25 semen straws as long as 3, 6, and 8 months of storage in liquid nitrogen. The quali...

Aura Oktiefa Adyantono, Sugiharto Sugiharto, Daud Samsudewa*

...needs to be conducted to determine the most optimal rearing conditions.
 
Keywords | Crossbred cattle, Meta-analysis, Reproductive parameters
...

Tamara Natik Dawood* 

...fects. The study aims to determine the influence of several levels of silymarin on the productive and biochemical parameters in local lambs. A total of 30 lambs are classified into three groups. G1 (ten lambs) received Silymarin (420 mg/kg) orally, G2 (ten lambs) received Silymarin (210 mg/kg) orally, while G3 (ten lambs) received distal water (control group). Several parameters are used in the current study to evaluate silymarin, such as Hb, PCV, Triglyceride...

Hafizuddin1, Sri Wahyuni2, Tongku Nizwan Siregar1*, Amalia Sutriana3, Ririn Triyuliani4, Siti Hanyyah Herviani4, Muhammad Farhan Syuhada4, Nur Salimah4, Muharni Mardiah Eriswandi4, Ratu Permata Ayu4, Putroe Hayatun Nufus4

...fore, this study aims to determine the ovarian and hormonal responses of local rabbits after superovulation induction with BPE. The sample comprised of 1 local male rabbit and 9 local female rabbits with a history of giving birth and weighing between 1.8-2.2 kg. The animals were adapted for 30 days in separate cages and provided with feed and water ad libitum before treatment. The rabbits were divided into 3 treatment groups (n=3), the first group as a control...

Indah Nurfauziah1, Lovita Adriani1*, Rahmad Fani Ramadhan1, Andi Mushawwir1, Safri Ishmayana2

...ease. This study aims to determine the bacteriocin activity of probiotic yogurt and the effect of giving probiotic yogurt on the feed conversion ratio and total production of laying hens. This research used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. Treatment consisted of T0: basal feed (BS), T1: BS + 4% WSPE B1 yogurt (Bifidobacterium spp. and L. acidophilus), and T2: BS + 4% WSPE B2 yogurt (L. bulgaricus, S. thermophi...

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

...hange of societal values determine their efficacy. Even with a compelling justification, putting a One Health strategy into practice thoughtfully and holistically can be difficult, particularly when there seems to be a crisis. The global health is at risk due to the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic, which is producing unprecedented financial, social, and political disturbances. Using a comprehensive One Health (OH) approach to implement int...
Marchel Putra Garfansa1, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Iswahyudi Iswahyudi1, Shazma Anwar3
Damat Damat2,Tony Liwang4, Mardiana Sri Susanti5, Diah Hermayanti2*, Meddy Setiawan2
Thontowi Djauhari Nur Subchi2, Dewi Mariyam6, Yolla Muvika Ananda2, Satriyo Krido Wahono7
Adil Basir8, Musrif Musrif9 and Anwar Saeed Khan10
...ved. This study aimed to determine the impact of PET (polyethylene terephthalate) MPs on mice’s weight, feces, and appetite. Four feed experiments, P0 (pellet BR1), P1 (potato from Pujon Farm), P2 (potato mixed 300 µg PET), and P3 (potato mixed 600 µg PET), were investigated in this research. PET MPs at a dose of 600 µg had the worst impact on mice compared to the others. There were changes in eating performance, body weight, and mice f...

Nask Jawher Ahmed and Kawa A. Ali*

...ng three replications to determine the effect of foliar application of (SA) on sesame plant vegetative parts under drought with focusing observation on morphological and physiological traits of sesame. The study was consisted in two different environments. Treatments were irrigation based on principal development stages according to the general BBCH (Biologische Bundesanstalt, und Chemische Industrie) scale, with three levels of water regimes: (a) control (ful...

Umair Khatri1, Aijaz Hussain Soomro1*, Shahzor Gul Khaskheli1 and Omer Mukhtar Tarar2

...yster mushroom (OM), and determined the composition and contents of fatty acids. Mushrooms dried in cabinet dehydrator at 55°C for 16 hrs, the obtained mushroom powder packed in an airtight jar. All mushroom-based food products (MBFPs) i.e., biscuits, noodles, nuggets and soup mix were developed using mushroom powder. Results regarding the fatty acids profile showed that, Saturated fatty acid (SFA) followed by (palmitic acid 13.20g/100) BMP, (stearic acid ...
Shorouq Mohamed Omara1, Ibrahim Saad El-Shamaa1, Emad Abd-Elaziz Abd-Allah2, Assmaa Abd-Allah Fathy3, Essam-Eldin Tharwat4, Mohammed Hamdy Farouk5* and Ibrahim Mahmoud Abd El-Razek1*
...gyptian buffalo might be determined by genetic variants, but it is also affected by environmental factors. The possible action of L-carnitine (LC) on the maturation of Egyptian buffalo oocytes has not been determined yet. This study aims to estimate the effects of supplementing LC on the in-vitro fertilization (IVF) of Egyptian buffaloes. We evaluated blastocyst and apoptosis rates in order to substantiate the potential deve...

Iwona Szatkowska1, Jan Udała2, Daniel Zaborski3*, Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1, Wilhelm Grzesiak3, Małgorzata Wasielewska1 and Jerzy Wójcik4

..., an attempt was made to determine the reasons for the failure of deletion identification in these individuals. For the polled bucks, the deletion region was amplified similarly to the horned ones, except for an initial sequence. In the two sex-reversed individuals, four inserts were identified in the deletion region. Despite the fact that PIS in goats has been known to breeders and scientists for several decades, many of its aspects, including the molecular r...

Muhammad Salman1, Rao Zahid Abbas1*, Muhammad Kasib Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid Mahmood2

...and tick repellency were determined. The results indicated a dose-dependent effect of C. verum essential oil showing 20% concentration to be the most effective in view of the acaricidal and the repellent activities. Hence, this essential oil can be considered as a potential candidate for the effective control of cattle tick (R. microplus).

...

Hafiz Muhammad Ashraf, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir* and Javed Iqbal Qazi

...multivariate analysis to determine the fish species diversity of the river Ravi, Punjab, Pakistan. Eight sampling sites were surveyed during the year of 2020 to ascertain fish diversity and abundance. Diversity indices computed by using Primer 7 Software for whole study compared seasonally. Cluster analysis (Euclidian distance) and poly component analysis performed by using Origin Software (2016). A total 877 (258 in low and 619 in high flow season) fish speci...

Abdullah Channo1,2*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Akeel Ahmed Memon1, Mool Chand Malhi3, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Qudratullah Kalwar5, Shakeel Ahmed Tunio6 and Muhammad Ibrahim Panhwar7

...he study was designed to determine the effect of Vitamin E (α-tocopherol) supplimentation into BIOXcell­­­TM and Tris based egg yolk extender on post-thawed quality of Tharparkar cattle bull semen. The research was carried out at Department of Animal Reproduction, Faculty of Animal Husbandry and Veterinary Sciences, Sindh Agricultural University Tandojam. In this study four fertile Tharparkar bulls (A, B, C and D) having age of 4-5 years were...

Gunel Arzuman Ramazanova1, Gulnara Fakhreddin Abbasova2*, Khalsa Ibrahim Nasibova3 and Sait Engindeniz4

...in 2022 and 2023, was to determine the effect of blister smut disease on yield loss in maize (Zea mays L.). In the maize field tests, local varieties of maize, Gurur, Umid and Fakhri were used as plant material. In order to infect healthy plants, samples infected with blister smut disease collected from the maize cultivated areas of the Garadagli village and brought to the Plant Diseases Diagnostics of Azerbaijan State Agrarian University, transferred to artif...
Dian Septinova1*, Isnaini Nurfianti2, Denita Eptiana2, Khaira Nova1, Riyanti1
 
*Correspondence | Dian Septinova, Department of Animal Husbandry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Lampung; Email: [email protected]
...ify;">This study aims to determine the effect of partially substituting NaCl with KCl and CaCl2 and the addition of coriander on the characteristics of salted eggs. The treatments used were soaking eggs in a 30% NaCl solution (T0), partial substitution of NaCl with KCl (T1), CaCl2 (T2), KCl + coriander (T3) and CaCl2 + coriander (T4). The parameters measured included salt content, moisture content, physical characteristic of albumen (pH, height, diameter, inde...

Fatima Kanwal

...Pakistan. The aim was to determine the prevalence and density of growing unwanted weeds in the seasonal crops of regions. For this purpose, 50 quadrats of 1m by 1m were randomly plotted and analyzed. Polygonaceae, Poaceae, and Chenopodiaceae were the most common families observed. A total of 14 different weed species belonging to 10 distinct families were identified. Goose grass (Elusine indica), Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album), and Black nightshade (Solanum...

Xiaoping Gao1, Yanping Li2*, Renyi Zhang3, Yunyun Lv2, Yongming Wang2, Jinrong Shi2, Jiang Xie2, Chiping Kong1 and Lekang Li1

...uizhou Plateau. Here, we determined the complete mitogenome of S. cyphotergous using an Illumina Hiseq X Ten sequencer. This mitogenome’s structure is typical circular with 16,611 bp in length, consisting of 13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNA genes, 2 ribosomal RNA genes, and a control region. The overall base composition of S. cyphotergous is 31.33% A, 25.89% T, 26.49% C, and 16.29% G with a slight AT bias of 57.22%. Most mitochondrial genes excep...
... sheep and goats, and to determine multiple drug resistance of C. pseudotuberculosis in sheep and goats in Halal Food Industries, Modjo, Ethiopia. A total of 450 animals (100 sheep and 350 goats) were examined during antemortem and postmortem inspections. Bacteriological isolation and identification of the collected lymph nodes were performed and then confirmed by PCR. Then, the antibiotic resistance profile was revealed. Seven (17.7%) of goat isolates from Or...

Usman Ali*, Badat Muwakhid and Dewi Masyithoh

...aim of this study was to determine the effect of feeding rabbits with fermented cassava by-products, coconut flesh skin, and soya bean skin on their performance, nutrient digestibility, and the cholesterol levels in their meat. A randomised block design was used. There were five treatments and three animal groups (two animals per group), classified by body weight. The treatments involved substituting soya bean with fermented cassava by-products, coconut flesh ...

Suhair Sh. Al-Siraj1, Jihan M. Badr2 and Dalia M.A. El-Masry3*

...ncentration (of both was determined using thiazolyl blue tetrazolium bromide (MTT) micro dilution to assess antibacterial activity. Bay leaf (laurusnobilis) extracts and nano-emulsion had antibacterial effects against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, according to MIC values. The nano emulsion showed stronger antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli, with MIC values of 12.5, 50, and 50 μg/ml, respectively, compared to the aqueous ex...

Md. Zahid Hossain1, Md. Mahfuzul Haque2, Md. Masud Parvej3, Hemayet Hossain3, Faija Sadia  Pory4, Dipsana K.C.5 and Md. Imranuzzaman5*

...aim of this study was to determine the variables linked to the non-return rate (NRR) of dairy cows in terms of Artificial Insemination (AI) in Thakurgaon, Bangladesh. The study was carried out at Thakurgaon Sadar Upazilla Veterinary Hospital, Thakurgaon & some artificial insemination points of ACI Animal Health Co. Ltd., Ijab Farms, BRAC Agro LTD., American Dairy Ltd. with the help of their respective AI technicians during 1st July 2021 to 30th June 2022. ...

Rejvi Ahmed Bhuiya1, Md. Ruhul Amin2 and A.K.M. Kanak Pervez2*

...current research aims to determine the level of adoption of Resilient Climate Technologies (RCTs) in the drought-prone parts of Bangladesh (northwest part). The study also explores the relationship between farmers’ socio-demographic factors and the adoption of RCTs. To accurately reflect the northwest high Barind tract, the Tanore Upazila (sub-district) in Rajshahi District was purposefully chosen as the study’s location as the area is highly vulne...

Jamal Abdul Nasir1, Naila Chand1, Abdul Hafeez1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...aim of this study was to determine the effect of oyster mushroom stem waste supplementation on the grown performance of quails. For this a total of 240 days old quails were purchased from a reputed hatchery. Equal number of chicks was assigned to four groups and each group was further replicated three times. Each replicate consisted of 20 chicks. Group PO-0 was considered as control and was fed with commercial ration with no supplementation. Group PO-1 was fed...

Yusra Karim1, Munawar Saleem Ahmad1, Javed Khan2, Imtiaz Khan3*, Said Hussain Shah2, Syeda Anika Shamsher4, Imran Qazi5, Habib-Ur-Rehman Kakar6 and Wajih Ullah7 

...st lepidoptera pests was determined to be 158.37 µg/ml for S. litura and 170.73 µg/ml for H. armigera. The endotoxin mixes of CRY1F exhibit considerable potency, causing 100% mortality in S. litura with 500 µg/ml and H. armigera with 600 µg/ml.. The overall findings showed that the Bt local isolates and CRY1F protein endotoxins were effective against both larvae. The bio larvicidal action of Bt local isolates and CRY1F endotoxins agains...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

...ins were investigated to determine their efficiency and effectiveness. Deep planting and plastic mulching were extensively used for this purpose. Several multipurpose tree species were recommended for the desert environmental conditions in Thal, such as Acacia albida, Acacia tortilis, Acacia elata, Tecoma undulata, Acacia victoriae, Tamarix aphylla, Acacia modesta, and Prosopis cineraria,. For semi-arid areas Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Acacia saligna, Acacia el...

Khansa N. Salsabilah*, Achmad Firman, Lilis Nurlina

...ses of this study are to determine the milk production and population of dairy cows before and during the FMD outbreak so that the impact can be known, and analyze the impact of FMD outbreak on the financial performance of KPBS Pangalengan. The financial performance analysis method was carried out using the Guidelines for Health Assessment of Savings and Loan Cooperatives and Cooperative Savings and Loan Units: Regulation of the Deputy for Supervision of the M...
Muhammad Ambar Islahuddin1, Yuli Retnani2*, Despal2
...nal analysis was used to determine optimal levels. Results indicated significant (p<0.05) effects of molasses viscosity and binders on wafer supplement quality. Molasses with 6400 mPas-1. Viscosity and pollard binders exhibited superior WDI (80.14%), MC, and aw values. In vitro tests demonstrated significant (p<0.05) impacts on fermentability and digestibility in dairy cows, showing potential for increased values by 2.77% initially, followed by a decline...
Ilker Ugulu1*, Zafar Iqbal Khan2, Kafeel Ahmad2, Humayun Bashir2
Naunain Mehmood3, Asma Zafar2 and Muhammad Sohail2
...the present study was to determine and evaluate the heavy metals in soil, forage and blood plasma of horses in Central Punjab, Pakistan. Concentrations of metals, cobalt (Co), selenium (Se), manganese (Mn) and iron (Fe) in these samples were determined. Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer was used to determine the concentration of metals. The concentrations of all the analysed heavy metals...

Uzma Zafar1*, Zaima Ali1, Ambreen Tauseef2 and Saba Khaliq3

...nt study was executed to determine the association of adiponectin gene polymorphisms rs1501299 +276 G>T and rs266729 -11377 C>G with metabolic syndrome and to compare serum adiponectin levels in its polymorphic genotypes. It was an observational study conducted at University of Health Sciences, Lahore. Study approval was granted by institutional Review/Ethical Board. Informed consent was taken from all the participants. The venous blood sample was taken ...

YP Arios1,2*, J Pamungkas3, IWT Wibawan3, D Iskandriati4, CS Tan5, SPH Rahman5

...s study was conducted to determine the existence of a specific immune response against COVID-19 in dogs and cats. Samples were taken from two exporting countries and clinics in Indonesia. Samples were tested using the species-independent Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test (SVNT). A total of 12 sera (8 cat serum and 4 dog serum), based on the results of the Surrogate Virus Neutralization Test analysis, formed antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2 in as many as fo...

Seruni Agistiana1, I. Wayan Teguh Wibawan2, Ni Luh Putu Ika Mayasari2, Harimurti Nuradji3, Surachmi Setiyaningsih2*

...ed on the B646L gene and determine the kinship relationship with reference ASFV in Indonesia and other countries. The study used 38 pork products collected in 2020-2023, consisting of 28 archived samples of ASFV positive, which were imported or transported between domestic regions. The other 10 were imported and local pork products purchased at e-commerce stores to represent samples that were already circulating in the community. Subsequently, the isolates wer...
Marlon Reinaldo Castro-García1*,Vanessa Gabriela Espinoza-Posligua1, Francisco Horley Cañarte-García1, Doris Fernanda Rizzo-Alcivar2, Christian Simón Rivadeneira-Barcia1 and Alex Alberto Dueñas Rivadeneira3
...lutea. The variables determined in the films were opacity, thickness, tensile strength, water vapor permeability, elasticity, film solubility and microbiological analysis. Results showed that the optimum concentration of gum for elaboration of films was 40% (v/v). Films have a good tensile strength showing values between 10.81 and 16.90 MPa. The elasticity showed values between 0.11 and 0.21 MPa. The water vapor permeability ranged between 0.87 - 4.32 x 10...

Suravi Akter, Md. Bipul Mondal and Md. Mahmudul Alam*

...>This study was aimed to determine the prevalence of Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD) in the Joypurhat district of Bangladesh and also to investigate clinicopathological changes and economic impact of this disease in cattle. At Akkelpur upazila in Joypurhat district, a survey was done on 82 cattle to find out the prevalence and economic impact of FMD. To calculate the economic impact, treatment costs, and labour costs including extra care and feed supplied to the ...

Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istna Mangisah, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto*

...ify;">This study aims to determine the effects of administration of encapsulated Lactobacillus plantarum and Peperomia pellucida plant extract (ELPPP) on performance, protein digestibility and immunity of broiler chickens. A total of 200 Ross strain broilers were arranged in a completely randomized design with 5 treatment groups and 4 replications. The treatments include: T0 (control), T1 (0.1% ELPPP), T2 (0.2% ELPPP), T3 (0.3% ELPPP), T4 (0.4% ELPPP). ELPPP w...

Doni Supadil1, Sri Melia2*, Indri Juliyarsi2

...ilk. The objective is to determine the effects of different types and percentages of sweet potato flour on prebiotic and antioxidant properties. An experimental design was employed, preparing three types of sweet potato flour: white (A1). purple( A2), yellow (A3), and These flours were added to fermented milk in varying proportions: 0% (B1), 3% (B2), and 6% (B3), with three repetitions for each treatment. The results showed a significant effect (P<0.05) of ...

Mohanad O. Al-Jubouri1*, Sadeq M. AL Haider2, Safa M. Imran3

...ndings underscore the to determine the effect of water quality on the spread of bacteria in common carp (Cyprinus carpio. L).
 
Keywords | Pathogenic bacteria, C. carpio, Water quality, Vital test
...
Namaat R Abdulla1*, Abdullah FA2, Ali Abd Kadhum3, Ghanyem HS4, Noor R Abdulla5
...the present study was to determine the association of NTM with subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and ewes through the following objectives: Estimation of Subclinical mastitis prevalence and Investigation of usefulness of 16SrDNA for rapid PCR detection of NTM in clinical samples. A total of 120 milk and faecal samples were collected from 70 cow and 50 ewes to identify subclinical mastitis cases using The Modified White Side Test (MWST) and16S rDNA-based PCR. ...

Muhammad Ariana Setiawan1, Ujang Hidayat Tanuwiria2*, Andi Mushawwir2

...tion. This study aims to determine the effect of the balance of rumen degradable protein (RDP) with non-fiber carbohydrate (NFC) in cattle rations on total gas production, gas kinetics and methane gas production in vitro. The study used an experimental method with a completely randomized design (CRD). There were six treatments of RDP balance with NFC, namely R1 (1.7), R2 (1.5), R3 (1.8), R4 (1.6), R5 (1.4), and R6 (1.3) with five replications. Research data we...

Wali Muhammad Mangrio1*, Yasmeen Buriro1, Hakim Ali Sahito1, Faheem Ahmed Jatoi1 and Fahmeeda Imdad Sahito

...nditions during, 2023 to determine the morphological attributions of Rhynchophorus ferrugineus. The female eggs color patterns were milky white oval, and cylindrical. The length and width of eggs (2.56±0.40) (1.18±0.28) were noted at (30±2°C) followed by (2.33±0.42), (1.102±0.22) mm, at (20±2°C). The newly hatched larvae were white-brown and gradually turned into dirty-brown at later stages. The 1st instar stag...
Plinio Vargas Zambrano1*, Luis Vásquez Cortez2,3, Julio Ibarra Arteaga4, Camilo Chávez Ceballos4 and Ramona Párraga Alava1
...ANOVA and Dunnet. It was determined that there was a significant difference in the useful life of the product with respect to fungi, yeasts and mesophiles. In conclusion, results showed that the inclusion of 3ml, 5ml and 7ml of extract prolonged the shelf life without the presence of Coliforms and E. coli, reaching a durability of 21 days, however, at a higher concentration of garlic, acceptance decreased. The most widely accepted products in terms of c...

Renny Fatmyah Utamy1*, Ambo Ako1, Hasbi Hasbi1, Zyahrul Ramadan2, Andi Arif Rahman Hakim2,3, Siti Annisa Sukri2

...important to observe and determine the dairy cows’ physiological status, performance, and heat tolerance at different lactation phases. This study utilized a completely randomized design with three experimental and five replicates, involving 15 Holstein Friesian Dairy Cows. The cows were divided into three experimental based on their lactation phase i.e., early lactation (1–3 months) post-partum; middle lactation (4–6 months) post-partum; and...

Saitul Fakhri1*, Heni Suryani2, Teja Kaswari1, Munawwaroh Pane1, Neneng Hariyati1, Dodi Rolis Limbong1, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Daniel Komwihangilo4

...s study was conducted to determine the optimal urea levels for ammoniated steamed oil palm fronds (OPF). Four treatments were evaluated, i.e., T1: ammoniated steamed OPF (control); T2, T1 + 1% urea; T3, T1 + 3% urea; and T4, T1 + 5% urea. Fresh OPF was steamed in an autoclave at 121°C and 1.4 atm pressure for 30 min. Steamed OPF was ammoniated with 1, 3, and 5% urea according to the treatments. After 10 days, the samples were dried, ground to a size of 1 m...

Elham M. Hosny1*, Saad Mahmoud Saad1, Marionette Zaghloul Nassif2, Amani Mohamed Salem1

...oal of this study was to determine how well Spirulina platensis and propolis ethanolic extracts work as natural antifungal agents against Candida albicans, both in vivo and in vitro. The broth microdilution assay was used for testing how well Spirulina platensis and propolis extracts inhibit fungal growth. The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MIC) of Spirulina platensis (SPP) and propolis extracts (PEE) against Candida albicans were ...

Rael Jepkogei Masai 

...alaria and helminths are determined largely by climate, which determines mosquito and helminth free-living stage survival. The study was carried out in Nandi Hills Sub-County Hospital in Nandi County and data was collected from 300 pregnant study participants. The study period was stratified into wet season and dry season. Consenting participants provided stool samples that were processed by formal-ether concentration techni...

Enany M.E.1, Fadel Hanaa M.2, Abo-Shama U.H.3, Ahmed Mona M.1, Kholief M.E.A.4*

... of the current study to determine the efficacy of antibiotic therapies of human diseased animal model as felines and sheep infected with virulent H. pylori in seasons. A total of twelve H. pylori isolates cultivated from samples of stomachs and stool of felines, gastric and milk of sheep. These were previously confirmed by amplification of 16srRNA H. pylori to be detected by multiplex polymerase reaction against vacA, cagA, and hrgA and bio-typed based on ure...

Khaeruddin1,2, Gatot Ciptadi1, Muhammad Yusuf3, Hermawansyah2, Sahiruddin3 and Sri Wahjuningsih1*

...aim of this study was to determine the effect of the use of three types of crystallized liquids and two types of monosaccharides on the quality of Gaga chicken spermatozoa. This study used a completely randomized design with a factorial pattern with the first factor being the type of crystalloid liquid (Ringer’s lactate, Ringer’s acetate, and KA-EN 3B) supplemented with egg yolk and the second factor being the addition of sugar (control, glucose, a...

Haifen Qin1,2, Yujia Liu1, Yujie Zhang1, Jingfeng Liu1, Zhenkun Zhao1,2 and Lichun Jiang1,2*

...tera: Chrysomelidae) was determined using high-throughput sequencing. The size of circular mitogenome is 15,796 bp and it includes a typical structure of 13 protein-coding genes (PCGs), two ribosomal RNA genes (rRNAs), 22 transfer RNA genes (tRNAs) and an adenine + thymine (A+T)-rich region. The base composition of the major strand is A: 39.74%, T: 39.57%, G: 8.22%, and C: 12.47%, with a A+T content of 79.31%. The genomic analyses indicated that its gene arran...

Hina Yasin1,2*, Shaukat Mahmud2, Hina Abrar1, Kaneez Fatima3, Rabia Bushra1 and Saima Zahid2

...ological activities were determined in different groups of wistar strain mice by administering various leaves extracts in differential dose pattern (81, 54 and 27 mg/kg). Cytotoxic activity was assessed by the Brine shrimp bioassay method. Results showed that extracts significantly responded as analgesic drug comparable to standard drug using different methods of evaluation for analgesic activity. Brine shrimp bioassay in different leaves extracts also showed ...

Kouakou Yadom Yao François-Regis*, Kra Kouamé Daniel and Atta Diallo Hortense

...matode reproduction were determined. The unhatched egg rate ranged from 49.50 to 81.60%, and the juvenile mortality varied from 73.10 to 100% depending on extracts. The immature leaf extract from flowering plants was the most effective, with 81.60% unhatched eggs and 100% juvenile mortality. Regardless of plant phenology, immature leaf extracts were the most effective in limiting gall development by approximately 50%. Immature castor leaf extracts have high ne...

Milivoje Uroševic1, Darko Drobnjak1, Radomir Mandic2* and Sava Lazic3

...d the amount of milk was determined by pouring it into a plastic measuring cup. Two milkings were performed two h apart. The average amount of milk obtained per day per donkey is 346.6 ml. There is a large variation interval between the minimum and maximum amount of milk obtained which indicates the heterogeneity of the individuals used in production and that there was no selection work for this type of production. The average amount of milk is smaller compare...

Yingying Wang1, Sufen Zhao2* and Qunxiu Liu3*

... very clear. In order to determine the protective effect of the current AI (H9 subtype) and ND vaccines on wild birds in Shanghai Zoo and to explore a more reasonable and effective immunization scheme, the hemagglutination inhibition (HI) test was used to detect antibodies in some rare wild birds in the zoo six months after vaccination and to investigate the protection efficiency of the two vaccines. The results show that the H9 subtype AI immunization program...

Ferry Lismanto Syaiful*, Jaswandi Jaswandi, Mangku Mundana, Zaituni Udin 

...n Pesisir cattle, and to determine the optimal culture medium and culture duration for in vitro fertilization techniques. The culture media used include TCM-199 medium supplemented with both B-O (Brackett Oliphant) medium (HEPES, without the use of 5% CO2) and modified B-O (mB-O) medium (without HEPES, with 5% CO2). For the oocyte maturation stage, the culture period was 24 hours, while for in vitro fertilization, various culture periods (6, 12, 18h) were util...

Zulfiqar Ali1, Asad Ullah2*, Shumaila Gul3, Maryam Begum4, Raheela Taj5, Tahira Tayyeb1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Rafiq Ullah1, Imad Khan2, Ali Gohar2, Shakirullah Khan6, Khudija Ghani7 and Muneeb Islam8

...the current study was to determine the prevalence of tick infestation, epidemiological characteristics, associated risk factors, and investigation of a variety of hard tick infestation in small ruminant populations in District Mardan, Buner, and Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A total of 5000 goats and sheep of various ages, breeds, sexes, and locations were inspected and examined for tick infestation. A total of 1774 goats and 1044 sheep were found t...

Khalid Hussain, Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan and Hafiz Ullah Khan

...ajor AWPI component were determined and, subsequently, the WPI was computed by combining all the sub-components of the five major components. UCs; Balambat, Chakdara, Kambat, Kotkai, Koto, Kotigram, Lajbok, Lal Qilla, and Ouch recorded very high agricultural water poverty with an overall AWPI rank of 5 each. The reason behind this low AWPI is the lack of water management knowledge, poor access to water resources, poor coping strategies, and lack of fertilizers...

Fahmida Manin1*, Yusrizal1, Mairizal1, Lovita Adriani2, Andi Mushawwir2

...ose of this study was to determine the best combination of probiotics and phytobiotics with improved performance, the ability to reduce the cases of intestinal dysbiosis, lower cholesterol and saturated fat with an increase in unsaturated fat in broiler meat. The treatments were T0 = without Probio_FM and phytobiotics, T1 = Probio_FM + Curcuma longa, T2 = Probio_FM + turmeric, T3 = Probio_FM + ginger and T4 = Probio_FM + combined (Curcuma longa, turmeric and g...

Fitrini1*, Masyhuri2, Dwidjono Hadi Darwanto2, Tri Anggraeni Kusumastuti3

...;">This research aims to determine beef cattle potential as a leading commodity and the development strategy of agropolitan areas in Padang Pariaman Regency. The research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method, namely research that is focused on problems based on facts and carried out by means of observation, interviews, and studying documents. The respondents were determined purposively with the provisions of ...

Mustofa Hilmi1,4, Zuprizal2, Nanung Danar Dono2, Bambang Ariyadi3*

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the concentration of silver nanoparticles that can inhibit gram-positive and negative bacteria. It was done so that the silver nanoparticles could be evaluated as an antimicrobial agent, and there was also the possibility that they could be used as a feed additive. This study assesses microbial inhibition and the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) in a laboratory setting. The substances utilized included silver nanopartic...

Md. Gausur Rahman1*, S.M. Harun-Ur-Rashid1, Md. Golam Azam1, Md. Ahsan Habib2, Golapi Rani Devsharma1 

...t study was conducted to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal parasites in Sonali chicken in Dinajpur during January to June 2024. For this purpose, a total of 200 faecal samples were collected from various commercial Sonali farms and examined by direct smear method and floatation technique. Among the examined birds, 56 Sonali chickens (28.00%) were infected with gastrointestinal parasites including Ascaridia sp., Raillietina sp. and Eimeria sp. Among ...

Ashraf Samir Hakim1*, Doaa Diab Khalaf1, Engy Farahat1, Mohammed Darwish Mohammed1, Wahid Hussein El-Dabae1, Khaled Abd El-Hamid Abd El‑Razik2, Amany Nabil Dapgh3, Ehab Ali Fouad4, Hussein Ahmed Abuelhag1

... Besides that, the study determined their multidrug resistance patterns, particularly the existence of the gene responsible for carbapenem resistance. A cross-sectional study performed on one hundred and ninety two urine samples owned to urinary infected humans, dogs and cats were obtained from Egyptian laboratories in Great Cairo governorates. The samples were cultured onto the suitable media; the presumptive E. coli colonies were identified phenotypically, b...

Suparmin Fathan1*, Nibras K. Laya1, Safriyanto Dako1, Sayekti Handayani2, Siti R. Machieu3, Mohammad Z. Hippy3

...;">This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program and the policy factors of livestock development that influence the effectiveness of the cattle assistance program in Bone Bolango Regency. A total of 130 farmers were used for primary data collection through questionnaires. Descriptive statistics, Important Performance Analysis (IPA), and SEM-PLS were used to analyze data obtained. The results of this research indicate that t...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...t study was conducted to determine the prevalence and the antibiotic resistance profile of multiple drugs resistant (MDR) strains of thermophilic C. jejuni from broiler chickens. A total of 375 cloacal swab samples were collected by systematic sampling method of commercial broiler farms in and around Lahore and examined for the presence of thermophilic C. jejuni. Their prevalence was found to be 53% (200/375). Confirmation was done by biochemical and molecular...

Sabahat Anwar1, Faria Javaid2 and Qurat-ul-Ain2*

...cellulosic substrate. To determine the optimum conditions for maximum production, experiment was carried out at various substrate concentrations, temperatures and pH levels. Pretreatment of wheat straw resulted in highly digestible cellulose that lead to the increased production of cellulases. Highest glucose (1.92±0.14 mg/ml), carboxymethyl cellulase (7.33±0.16 IU/ml/min) and filter paperase (10.61±0.15 IU/ml/min) activities observed in p...

Basirat Opemipo Amoo-Adeboye1*, Kazeem Olanrewaju Amoo2, Saheed Adeyinka Odediji3, James Akinwunmi Ogunniran1, Adenike Titilayo Olayinka1 and Oluyinka Oladele Opaleye1

...nce, this study aimed to determine the seroprevalence of Rubella IgG and IgM and associated likely factors influencing susceptibility levels among pregnant women accessing antenatal care at the hospital. A cross-sectional study was carried out at the State Specialist Hospital, Osogbo. Structured questionnaires were administered to one hundred and seventy-one (171) pregnant women to obtain their socio‑demographic information and five (5) mL venous blood sampl...

Suroor Hafedth Mohammed, Tahreer Mohammed Al-Thuwaini* 

... age of each animal were determined. Serum was collected to measure leptin and visfatin hormones using ELISA kits made by SunLong Biotech. This study revealed that litter size significantly (P ≤ 0.05) influences the live body weight and adipose tissue hormones of Awassi ewes. Ewes with twin births had higher live body weight, leptin, and visfatin (50.41±0.92 kg), (192.16 ±27.63 pg/mL), and (3.56 ±0.96 ng/mL), respectively, compared to s...

Yasemin Öztürk

...study was carried out to determine and map the areas rich in bird species diversity in Isparta Province (Turkey). The study area, with a total surface area of 8933 km2, was divided into 64 sample sites created by dividing it into a 1/25000-scaled grid. Between 2014 and 2015, each sample site was visited over the four seasons. Point count and line transect methods were applied between the early hours of the morning and sunset, when the birds were active. Accord...

Iram Alam Sthanadar1*, Muhammad Zahid1, Sami Siraj2 and Omar Malik2

...um for T2DM subjects was determined using an online HWE calculator. The rs1057910 polymorphism in CY2PC9 gene responsible for drug metabolism was analyzed which showed that our population has high frequency of major allele CC which confirmed that patients receiving metformin, glimepiride and its combination therapy were effective for glycemic control through-out in a 12 months cohort with a p value of <0.0001. The SNP rs1057910 in CYP2C9 was inconsistent wi...

Muhammad Khubaib1*, Muhammad Salman Khan1, Zia Ur Rahman2, Nafees Ahmad1, Muhammad Atif Haider1 and Mushtaq Ahmad Khan3

... liver. It is, therefore determined that C. marulius can be culture on animal-based protein diet for profitable farming. By creating more enticing and delectable artificial feed, changing feeding strategy, and making more attractive artificial feed, additional study is required to reduce the generation of shooters at juvenile stages.

...

Muhammad Nauman Hanif1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Naeem Akhtar2*, Abid Hussain3 and Amar Matloob4

...s dried and extracted to determine pesticide residues using the modified QuECHERS method. Pesticides residues assessment was performed on High performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at the Pesticide Quality Control Laboratory, Multan. There were no pesticide residues were detected in the soil samples. While in the cauliflower 20% samples (out of 40 samples) contained pesticide residues. Initial deposits of lufenuron of 0.93, 3.19, and 5.63 ppm were detected ...

1Md. Faruq Hasan, 2Nazmunnahar Kolpona, 3*Atia Shahin, 3Md. Rayhan Sojib and 3Susmita Sarmin

...ive of this study was to determine the attitude of IFMC-beneficiary farmers towards government extension services as well as identify the socioeconomic factors influencing these farmers’ attitude towards the services provided by the government. The attitude statements were constructed using Thurston’s equal-appearing interval technique. Sixteen statements were used to assess the attitude of the farmers using a Likert scale. One hundred twenty-five ...

Rawya Shakir Mohammed*, Baraa Najim Al-Okaily

...imens have been taken to determine the level of ovarian VEGF mRNA gene expression, as well as for a histological study. The results showed a significant rise in VEGF gene expression levels, as well as the presence of histological alterations in the G1 group characterized by clear congestion of graffiti follicles and necrotic lesions. with decrease in the number of primary, secondry and graafian follicles as compared to other groups. Nevertheless, current resul...

Efi Rokana1*, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Khoirul Wafa1, Kalvin Putra Wahyudatama1, Ferdian Ginanjar1, Rini Mastuti3, Amiril Mukmin1, Miarsono Sigit4 

...s. This research aims to determine the effect of utilizing beer waste on the performance and health of sheep. The study involved 24 female thin-tailed sheep, each approximately 7 months old. They were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups that received beer waste at 5%, 10%, and 15% of their ration. Feed consumption was measured by calculating the difference between the amount of feed given and the remaining feed. Initial body weight measu...
Abdussalam Muhyideen Zainab Funmilayo and Lee-Hoon Ho*
...esearch was conducted to determine effect of storage time on the biochemical and microbiological quality of enzymatically pasteurized beetroot juice. A 3:1 ratio was used to blend the beetroot pulp with distilled water. After that, pectinase was added at a concentration of 1.5 U/mL for 4hrs and 40°C, and then clarified with pectinase and cellulase and their combination, at concentration of 1.0 U/ mL for 50°C and 15 min. After that, the mixtures were al...
Nurul Aini Kamaruddin, Nur Qistina Afiqah Muhamad Asri and Nur Alya Adila Rosli 
...iets. This study aims to determine the nutrient composition of a basal diet supplemented with Azolla microphylla and measure its effects on the growth performance of Saanen doelings. The feeding treatments consisted of Control (100% Pak Chong Napier), T1 (90% Pak Chong Napier + 10% A. microphylla), T2 (80% Pak Chong Napier + 20% A. microphylla), and T3 (70% Pak Chong Napier + 30% A. microphylla). The mixture of treatment feeds was a...
Mok Sam Lum, Nurul Fadhilah binti Aldam and Clament Fui Seung Chin* 
... between treatments were determined using the Least Significant Difference (LSD) Test (SAS 9.4 software). Results revealed significant differences (p <0.05) in sweet corn that received AE foliar spray in plant height (p = 0.0098), stem diameter (p = 0.0419), leaf area (p = 0.0364), cob length (p = 0.0077), and number of grains per cob (p = 0.0207) compared to the control plant received an optimal rate of 120 kg ha-1 urea without AE. No significan...
Nur Anis Hashim1, Nor Hasima Mahmod1*, Abubakar Abdullahi Lema2, Lee-Hoon Ho3 and Mohammad Moneruzzaman Khandaker1
...he present study aims to determine the content and activity of the antioxidants in fresh and dried roselle calyx. The random sampling technique was applied by collecting the calyx roselle from different plants. Calyx samples were labeled as fresh calyx (FC), air-dried (AD), oven-dried (OD), and freeze-dried (FD) according to treatments. Four extracting solvents, which were methanol, ethanol, aqueous, and hexane, were evaluated for their efficiency in extractin...
Mohd Aiman Hamdan1, Muhammad Fitri Yusof2, Hajar Fauzan Ahmad3,Mufafikri Musa4, Najmuddin Mohd Ramli5,6 and Mohd Najib Razali5,6*
...e present study aimed to determine the dietary nutrient profile of six commercial cat food available in Malaysia with comparison to the actual requirement of cats. The results showed that Grade A cat food product has a significantly higher protein, fat, moisture, and ash content in comparison to Grade B cat food. Meanwhile, Grade B has a significantly higher carbohydrate content as compared to Grade A cat food. The new cat food formulation innovated from this ...

Imtiaz Khan1, Arsalan Khan2*, Umme Aimen2, Waseem Ullah2, Akhtar Ali2, Qamar Ullah3, Muhammad Faimullah Khan4, Abdul Wadood Jan5, Salma Zaman6, Abdul Qadoos1, Tayyeb Ullah7 

...of the anthelmintics was determined by the percent reduction in fecal egg count, which was conducted using the McMaster technique. The fecal egg count was reduced by 100% on the 28th day post-treatment and oxyclozanide and nitroxynil treated groups exhibited high efficacy against Fasciola hepatica. Simultaneously, triclabendazole group demonstrated lower efficacy levels in this trial, with a maximal reduction in fecal egg count (93.74%) and a mean value of 90....

Layth H. Merzah, Tamadhur H. Hussein, Tahreer m. Al-Thuwaini*

...tisol hormone levels, as determined by an ANOVA test. However, they had lower lamb weights at birth and weaning compared to ewes with single births, as indicated by the t-test. The highest Pearson correlation (P ≤ 0.05) was found between cortisol hormone levels, litter size, and body weight, as confirmed by univariate regression analyses. In conclusion, cortisol hormone levels increased in Awassi ewes with twin births. Study findings reveal a valuable conne...

Dedes Amertaningtyas1*, Alia Salsabilla Putri3, Nur Rohman Rizqi Pudya Permana3, Silvia Rosa Al Rahma3, Premy Puspitawati Rahayu1, Rlm. Satrio Ari Wibowo2, Ragil Yuliatmo2, Eko Nuraini2, Rischa Amalia Saleha1

...y;">The research aims to determine the effect of aluminum sulfate concentration on the physical and chemical quality of rabbit tanned fur. chemical quality of rabbit tanned fur. The material used is local rabbit fur. The research method was Experimental, counting used Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 5 repetitions. Treatment consists of using 250 g of aluminum sulfate (T1); 300 g (T2); 350 g (T3) and 400 g (T4). Parameters include physi...

M.J.Al-Saadi*, Dahfir A. Alobaidi, Jassim E.Q.Al-Musawi 

...ore, this study aimed to determine the most effective method of soaking water to reduce bacterial contamination on the surfaces of beef thighs. Forty samples of beef thighs were used, with each sample divided into five sections and assigned to five treatment groups: G1 (no wash), G2 (tap water), G3 (distilled water), G4 (magnetized water), and G5 (ozone water). Each treatment consisted of eight replications, with washing conducted at room temperature (22-25&de...

Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*

... Barishal, Bangladesh to determine the LSD prevalence and related risk factors in 315 cattle from three upazilas. A semi-structured questionnaire was utilized to record the data regarding the impact of different factors such as age, sex, breed, floor type, and the housing system, on LSD prevalence. LSD was confirmed by physical examination with nodular lesions on the skin together with fever. Results indicate that the overall prevalence was only 4.13% with a h...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
...current study intends to determine systematic validity and to assess the weight–length relationship of the sipuncula living along the central coast of Vietnam. Species identity is evidenced by the key features of external morphology and internal anatomy. The results show that all these sipuncula have striking similarities to the sipuncula Siphonosoma australes (Keferstein, 1865), which has greater than 100 fibrous tentacles around their mouth and 15-17 l...

Seyed Ahmadreza Hashemi1, Mastooreh Doustdar2, Asadullah Ali Muhammad3* and Reza Abbaspour Naderi4

...two methods were used to determine the biological reference points (BRPs) of Kawakawa in Iranian southern waters (the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea). Catch data were gathered for 26 years (1997–2022), and R software and the limited data technique were used to determine the optimal catch limit. During this time, the average catch (Ct) was 22439 tonnes (95% confidence interval 18299 -26638 tonnes), and it has climbed conside...

Pankaj Gargotra1*, C. Judith Betsy1 and J. Stephen Sampath Kumar2

 

...breeding performance. To determine statistical significance, all recorded parameters were submitted to the ‘F’ test. The growth and maturation parameters were analyzed in detail using Regression analysis and compared using one-way ANOVA in SPSS- 22.0.

...

Mona F. Shousha1*, Aml M. Ragab2 and Salwa M. Helmy1

... As a result, this study determined the patterns of antibiotic resistance in Salmonella spp., which was isolated from sick broilers from different farms in Egypt. Then, we investigated the presence of extended-spectrum beta-lactamases and plasmid-mediated quinolone resistance genes in Salmonella isolates. First, 800 internal organs (heart, liver, intestine, and yolk sac) were collected from 200 infected broilers to genetically analyze their recovered Salmonell...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2

...= 0.000, Tc = 0.206), predetermined time schedules (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.347), lack of influence by large landlords (P = 0.020, Tc = 0.318), fair water redistribution during stress periods (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.511), the ability to lodge complaints (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.172), and prompt resolution of these complaints (P = 0.000, Tc = 0.112). Conversely, political influence over irrigation schedules had a negative impact on satisfaction (P = 0.012, Tc = -0.118). The stu...

Muhammad Ahmad1, Safdar Ali1*, Amer Habib1, Muhammad Usman Ghani2,3, Humaira Kalsoom4, Yasir Iftikhar5 and Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan5*

...e LSD value (p=0.05) was determined. In varieties screening test, among the 7 varieties selected, none was immune response against Stemphylium disease. Varieties like Hike showed resistant response, HON-304E moderately resistant, Kaseer and Rosabella showed a moderatly susceptible response, Sultan and Tarzan showed a susceptible response, and Phulkara (Check) showed highly susceptible response in disease development and spread. Meteorological variables showed ...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...iew of the literature to determine the status of DT application in livestock farm management with its benefits, challenges, and prospects. Scientific databases, PRISMA guidelines, and systematic bibliometric methodologies were used for searching and sorting the most fit articles. This study found that DT technology is new to the livestock industry and mainly used for environmental control, feed management, farm planning, greenhouse gas reduction, and behavior ...

Soumia Ed-Day1*, Meryam Laanaya1, Chaimae El Kourchi3, Radia Elgui1, Fatima Ezzahra Kacimi2, Latifa Didou1, Samira Boulbaroud2, Hicham Harhar3, Fatima-Zahra Azzaoui1

...ment. This study aims to determine the acute oral toxicity of the ethanolic extract obtained from Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi fruits and assess the impact of the berries extract on behavioral patterns in Wistar rats. Methods: 48 adult female Wistar rats were divided into six groups (n=8) and administered orally (by gavage) the following doses: 2.5, 5, 25, 50, and 250 mg/kg of the ethanolic extract, while the control group received distilled water. Biochemic...

Efe Peterson Irikefe-Ekeke1, Oghenebrorhie Obakanurhe1*, Adimabua Mike Moemeka1, UfuomaGodstime Sorhue2, Ifeoma Jane Onwumelu1, Ifo Alex Amata2

...es. A four-week study to determine the response of weaned rabbits at 5 weeks old on varying levels of organic and inorganic chromium supplementations was conducted. One hundred and twenty-six composite breeds of weaned rabbits of both sexes were randomly divided into seven groups. This was replicated thrice with six rabbits per replicate and was assigned to 7 diets in a completely randomized arrangement. The diets involved three levels of organic chromium (0.0...

Tarek M. Mousa-Balabel1*, Ebrahim M. Farg2 and Abobakr A. Elkot1

...oal of this study was to determine the effect of flooring materials on the behavior and performance of Friesian dairy calves. Twenty-seven female Friesian calves, with an average body weight of 38 ± 2.3 kg were randomly assigned according to their average body weight into three groups for a period of 120 days. Each group contained nine calves with three replicates. The calves in the first group were housed in an experimental pen with concrete floors. Th...

Syarifah Nurul Waqiah1, Ratmawati Malaka2*, Ambo Ako2, Sadam Suliman Mohamed Yousof3, Hanif Uzwa Hasanah Sudirman4

...ify;">This study aims to determine the effect of herbal spray extract of moringa leaves (Moringa oleifera Lam) and betel leaves (Piper betle Linn) on healing wounds in dairy cattle and determine the herbal spray’s compounds. This study was conducted in August 2022, located in Cendana District, Enrekang Regency. The study method was a completely randomized design (CRD). The variables observed were the measurement of wou...

Tamadhur H. Hussein1, Zainab M.A. Alrubayei2, Tahreer M. Al-Thuwaini1*

...ons. This study aimed to determine whether thyroid hormones are associated with litter size. A total of 100 healthy, sexually mature ewes, aged 3 to 4 years, participated in the research. The ewes were divided into three groups: non-pregnant ewes (28), pregnant ewes with singletons (42), and pregnant ewes with twins (30). Blood samples were collected from the sheep and analyzed for hormone levels after collection. The findings revealed that lamb weight and hor...

Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ho Xuan Nghiep1,2, Tran Trung Tuan1,2, Nguyen Binh Truong1,2*

...ify;">The study aimed to determine the effects of feed supplement combinations with or without urea on feed intake, nutrient digestibility, and nitrogen retention of goats. The study was conducted in the experimental farm of An Giang University, which is part of Vietnam National University Ho Chi Minh City, from February to May 2024. Four male Saanen crossbred goats aged five months (15.4±3.32 kg) were studied using a Latin Square design (4 × 4) o...

Yasser Asaad Hameed Al-Shareef, Firas Hussain Kadim Abawi*

... approach was applied to determine the pathotype of isolates (velogenic). Next, we assessed the most important determinant of ND virus pathogenicity by the analysis of the fusion protein cleavage sites, phylogenetic analysis sand compared genomics of NDV isolates to publish sequences. Isolates characterized here showed 90.37% sequence similarity to the Iranian isolate Asil/IR/AAA158/2019 (MN370894.1) within velogenic clusters. Taken together, clinical, genetic...

Walid Elmonir1*, Ahmed Abdel-Fattah Tayel2, Suzan Abdelbaky Kotb1 and Wael Fawzy El-Tras2

...Toxoplasma gondii and to determine effective decontamination approaches. A total of 200 agricultural produce samples (50 per each of carrots, radishes, lettuces, and strawberries) and 315 fish samples (200 Mullet and 115 Tilapia) were collected. The T. gondii were identified in these samples by microscopy and molecular analysis. In total, 9% (18/200) of agricultural produce samples had Toxoplasma oocysts. T. gondii was detected in 14% of carrots, 12% of radish...
Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,2, Assis Kamu3 and Connie Fay Komilus1*
 
...ves of this study are to determine proximate composition in formulated fish feed using crustacean waste and to examine effect of crab waste in fish feed on growth performances on Betta splendens. A total of 54 fishes with average weight (±0.035 g) was used for 20-days feeding trial using six treatments in triplicates namely TC (100% krill; 0% crab waste), T1 (80% krill; 20% crab waste), T2 (60% krill; 40% crab waste), T3 (40% krill; 60% crab wast...

 Saranyah Sathiaganeshan1,2, Nur Aina Natasha Yusoff1, Siti Juzailah Zuraimi1, Rukayat Omolara Folarin1,3, Satya Narayana Rao Ramasamy1,4, Asmad Kari1, Enike Dwi Kusumawati⁵, I Wayan Karyasa⁶ and Connie Fay Komilus1*

...). This research aims to determine nutrient compositions in organic wheatgrass fodder (OWF) and to evaluate the effect of organic wheatgrass on the growth performance and meat quality of quail. Wheatgrass fodder was grown using organic fertilizer which is goat dung. Then, proximate analysis was done on OWF and commercial feed. Five dietary treatments consisting different percentages (%) such as Control (0% OWF+ 100% Commercial Feed), Treatment 1 (5% OWF+ 95% C...

Nguyen Phi Bang1,2*, Nguyen Thi Hanh Chi1,2, Ngo Thuy Bao Tran1,2, Nguyen Thi Bich Hanh1,2, Nguyen Ba Trung1,2, Le Thi Thuy Hang1,2

...s study was conducted to determine the factors affecting the efficacy of the Rabisin vaccine in preventing rabies in dogs in An Giang province (Vietnam). The study surveyed 343 vaccinated dogs of different ages to determine the presence of antibodies in the serum and compare factors related to the dogs’ natural characteristics (age, gender) and other factors, such as dog management, regional characteristics, and vaccin...

Ye-Ling Lao, Jin-Long Huang, Cheng-He Sun, Xiao-Ying Huang, Ting Wu and Qun Zhang*

...ucted. In this study, we determined the complete mitogenome of Mikrogeophagus altispinosus. After sequencing with the Illumina HiSeq 4000 platform, SPAdes v3.10.1 was used for assembly, and MITOS2 and MitoFish were used for annotation. We then successfully annotated the mitogenome of M. altispinosus, which has a total length of 16,767 bp. The gene composition and base preferences of M. altispinosus are similar to those of other New World cichlids. Based on the...
Chang Guoliang1,2*, Pan Zhengjun1,2, Zhu Chuankun1,2, Zhao Haitao1,2
Yan Zhang3, Summaya Rajput4 and Laghari M. Younis4*
...s, serum and muscle were determined. The maximum final weight gain rate (WGR) and standard growth rate (SGR) observed with Diet# 4, showed average increases of 52.51±7.91 and 0.70±0.086 g, respectively. This result suggests that the SGR and WGR of prawns fed a diet containing 0% SO were higher than those of the other experimental groups. Furthermore, the survival rate also increased by decreasing the SO level in the feed contents. The highest rel...

Asfand Yar Khan1, Syed Saleem Ahmad1*, Muhammad Avais1 and Kamran Ashraf2

...fy;">This study aimed to determine the anti-bacterial efficacy of 5 different medicinal plant extracts against Shiga toxin (E. coli O157:H7) based on the in-vitro and in-vivo trial. A total of twenty-one (n=21) PCR-confirmed isolates were selected for detection of virulent genes in-vitro trial (zone of inhibition). For in-vivo trial, forty-two (n=42) day-old chicks were divided into seven equal groups randomly (n=6 birds/group), and were classified as: G1 (Aza...

Song Jiang1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2, Falin Zhou1,2, Xu Chen1, Jing Hu1, Rui Yang1, Shengjie Zhou1, Yundong Li2 and Qibin Yang1*

...n: justify;">In order to determine the impact of glutaraldehyde, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and bleaching powder on brine shrimp Artemia (crustacean, Anostraca), acute toxicity parameters were assessed. The analysis revealed a highest level of toxicity for bleaching powder followed by dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehyde. The median lethal concentrations (LC50) of bleaching powder, dibromohydantoin, methionine iodine and glutaraldehy...

Ho-Kyoung Bae, Jae-Kang Lee, Tae-Kyung Eom, Dong-Ho Lee, Hyeongyu Ko, Joo-Hee Kim, Sung-Hyun Ahn and Shin-Jae Rhim*

...sion models were used to determine which habitat variables affect latrine site selection. The relationship between elevation and latrine location was examined using the Mann-Whitney U test, and we used Jacob’s index to examine the relationship between latrine site selection and forest type. Badger field signs were negatively affected by human presence. Dense overstory vegetation and the percent ground cover of rock, grass, and bare land were positively c...
Mat Zin Ain-Auzureen1, Maizan Mohamed1, Tan Li Peng1, Mohd Faizal Ghazali2, Choong Siew Shean1, Kamaruddin Mardhiah3, Najiah Musa4, Nora Faten Afifah Mohamad5, Chai Min Hian2 and Ruhil Hayati Hamdan1*
...ming. This study aims to determine the antibiotic resistance and virulence genes of V. alginolyticus isolates from Asian seabass in the East Coast of Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 180 Asian seabass was dissected and a loopful of kidney and liver samples were inoculated on thiosulphate-citrate bile-salt sucrose (TCBS) agar and CHROMagarTM Vibrio. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to identify the isolates and detect the twelve virulenc...

Mohamed E. Enany1, Ahmed M. Hamouda2, Reem M. Khashaba3*

...bacteriaceae strains was determined by the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion test against a panel of antibiotics.. The isolates were highly resistance for Amoxicillin clavulanic acid with 71.05% of tested isolates followed by Erythromycin, Chloramphenicol and Doxycycline with 73.68%, 63.16% and 34.21% respectively. In contrast, the isolates demonstrated significant sensitivity to Colistin, with a sensitivity rate of 94.73% while were 60.52% and 52.63% for Gentamicin ...

Asim Karim*, Anwar Ali, Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif and Wadood Shah

...’s objective is to determine the present level of knowledge about the origin and use of paulownia trees, especially in European countries where paulownia has just recently been introduced. Numerous studies on paulownia hybrids have demonstrated how the local environment and climatic circumstances significantly affect the growth value of individual clones. This difference is not only related to the development of the growth-related features, but also to t...

Talha Shafique1, Mustansar Mubeen2, Yasir Iftikhar2, Qaiser Shakeel3*, Muhammad Ahmad Zeshan2, Haseeb Ahmed Lalika4, Malik Abd-ur-Rehman5, Atta ur Rehman2, Muhammad Irfan Zafar6 and Farwa Seemab2

...ile disease severity was determined by counting the number of pits per square inch. The results revealed significant variation in CTV incidence and severity across the three citrus varieties. Musambi exhibited the highest incidence rate at 4.5, followed by Feutrel’s Early at 2.89 and Kinnow at 1.71. Musambi also had the highest severity score at 53.5 pits per square inch, followed by Feutrel’s Early at 27.5 and Kinnow at 11.5. Geographical analysis...

Rand Kamil Abbas, Zahra Sadoon Hadi*, Ahmad Hassan Sahib 

...pose of this study is to determine the presence and pathological impact of trichomoniasis among pigeons. Additionally, we aim to investigate antitrichomonal potentials of garlic. For these purposes, a total of 50 birds were collected from a tower building and tested for trichomoniasis using the wet mount method. Pigeons were divided into three groups: The control group (n=10 birds) was not diseased and received no therapy. The second group (n=20 birds) were po...

N. M. Abed 

...ISA kits were applied to determine T3, T4, TSH, LH, FSH and testosterone in the rats after four weeks of medication. Results analysis indicated a significant increase (P≤ 0.05) in TSH and lower T3 and T4 levels in the NiCl2, CCl4 and NiCl2+ CCl4 groups compared to the control group. Propolis treatment in the NiCl2 and CCl4 groups significantly (P < 0.05) lowered TSH levels compared to the control group. In contrast, the CPF-treated group had significantl...

Abid Hussain1*, Bilal Khan Yousafzai1 and Muhammad Ishaq2

...-14 with an objective to determine dietary diversity in Pakistan by provinces and administrative divisions with rural urban divide. The study has been carried out to fill the research gap, as the available literature on food security and dietary diversity in Pakistan primarily focuses on women and children under the age of five. This study is an attempt to cover geographical location wise determination of the dietary diversity in Pakistan. Changes in monthly p...

Mahisba Waris1, Muhammad Azim Khan2*, Muhammad Fawad1*, Nabeela Jafer1, Rashid Hussain3 and Haseeb Ahmad3

...study was carried out to determine the effect moringa leaves aqueous extract on germination of okra at Herbarium Lab, Department of Weed Science and Botany, The University of Agriculture, Peshawar. Dried leaves of Moringa were purchased from local market. The leaves were chopped by using a grinder and 50grams of dried leaves powder was added with 500 milliliters of distilled water in a beaker. Subsequently, the mixture was passed through muslin cloth and vario...

Muhammad Waqas*, Razia Bashir and Muhammad Arshad

...evalent than anti-CCP to determine whether an individual has RA or not. In the present study RA is also found to be associated with age of the patients. To conclude RA is an age-related disorder that can be detected earlier by the presence of RF autoantibodies as compared to anti-CCP. These findings can be helpful for the clinical diagnosis of RA.

...

Nour Elhouda Fehri1,2, Mohamed Aroua1, Safa Bejaoui2, Manel Ben Larbi3, Sami Dridi4 and Bayrem Jemmali2*

...e present study aimed to determine the socio-economic and morpho-biometric characteristics of the local population of chickens in North Africa. A total of 250 chickens were sampled in three regions of the country of Tunisia. A complete description by direct observation, individual weighing, and body parts measurements were determined. The results of the study showed a significant diversity of plumage colors in the studied po...
Qurat-ul-Ain1*, A. Ahmad2, Farhat Nazir Awan3, M. Rabbani1 and M. Hassan Mushtaq4
... study was undertaken to determine the sero-epidemiology and the efficacy of the first self-prepared BVDV vaccine in cattle. In a cross sectional survey (2020–2021) conducted in 5 agro-climatic zones of Punjab, a total of 1000 serum samples from 100 dairy herds were collected and the sero-prevalence was estimated using an Ab capture ELISA assay. Inactivated BVDV vaccine was also prepared using local isolate (MK084980) and tested for induction of humoral ...

Maria Endo Mahata*, Yose Rizal, Sepri Reski, Zurmiati, Elsanila Suryadi Buwono, Kamiliya Rahma Sari

...lum. This study aimed to determine the effect of brown seaweed Padina australis, with reduced salt and crude fiber content, on the growth performance and physiological organs of broiler chickens. This study used a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with brown seaweed Padina australis levels of 0, 5, 10, and 15% in broiler chicken diets, with each treatment repeated five times. The parameters measured were daily feed intake, daily body weight gain, feed convers...

Zainab A. Shehab1*, Assad H. Eissa2, Hind A.A. Alahmed1 

...ngestion in central vein determined in the 5-FU groups. In the kidney tissue, Bcl-2 immunoreactivity was observed in glomerular cells, sinusoidal epithelium, and proximal and distal tubule cells. The 5-FU treatment caused pathological changes in the kidney this effect also affect the expression of bcl-2 genes, which are biomarkers in the apoptotic mechanism. 5-FU accumulates in tissues, it the anti-apoptotic bcl-2 expression. 

...

Mohammed Jawad Kadhim*, Qasim Jawad Amer

...e of this research is to determine how common Entamoeba histolytica is in Babylon City, Iraq, among both people and animals. One hundred samples were taken from humans and one hundred from cattle around the province, for a grand total of 200 fecal samples. PCR and microscopy were performed to assess the genetics and diversity of the Entamoeba histolytica. The ITS1 region of the parasite’s small subunit rRNA gene was amplified using a PCR. in conjunction ...

Heba Saleh Shaheed1, Zainab J. Malik2*, Ghusoon A.A. Alneamah1, Salih T.H.2

...location of operation is determine, , and the incision surgically made exposing the fourth lobe of the animal. The liver was manipulated with impact forceps, and stitches were applied to the lobe then by using the surgical scissors to cutting the tied lobe away from the suture after applied the three knots were tied, with a 3-0 polyglactin suture the wall of abdominal then re-approximated, and by used a 2-0 polyamide suture the skin was closed. After liver res...

Abdulameer Jawad Zayier*

...m the colocynth plant to determine the inhibitory effect of these extracts on the number and vitality of the Leishmania tropica  promastigotes in vitro ,The results shown that even at low concentrations (0.5 mg), the colocynth plant’s green-produced silver nanoparticles demonstrated strong antileishmanial activity against Leishmania tropica promastigotes during a 24-hour incubation period. The development of the parasites was significantly inhibited...

Maryam Ali Mohammed, Ahlam A. Al-Rikaby*

...ing, zinc deficiency was determined by measuring the serum zinc level after 24 hrs from 1,10 phenanthroline injected. After treatment ,animals were distributed into four groups, 1st group healthy rats acted as negative control treated with physiological saline solution(1ml), 2nd group carried zinc deficiency as positive control treated with physiological saline solution, 3rd group zinc deficiency rats were treated with zinc sulfate 20mg/kg dissolved by physiol...

Hasan Muwafaq Ali*, Raed Hussain Salih Rabee

...formed in blood serum to determine immunity. First-day of measurements, ELISA titer was similar across research groups. Significant changes were seen 30 days post-intervention, with MEVAC leading (883.17 ± 173.94). At 50 days post-intervention, MEVAC group had the highest level (2767.33 ± 445.10). At 70 days post-intervention, MEVAC group had the highest level (3269.00 ± 244.67). At each time point assessed, the MEVAC group had the highest...

Batool S. Hamza1*, T.S. Al-Amery2

.... This research aimed to determine the frequency and abnormalities in the female reproductive systems of 50 buffalo cows slaughtered at the Basrah slaughterhouse. Fifty genitalia of female cows were confiscated from a nearby slaughterhouse. The results showed gross inflammatory changes of endometritis in 50 animals and classified according to histological examination as acute endometritis (24 %; 12/50), subacute endometritis (18 %; 9/50) chronic endometritis (...

Saif Dhulfiqar Abdulhasan Al-Khafaji, Siraj Moner Al-Kafagy*

...ult healthy birds with undetermined sex (10 bulbul and 10 cockatiel) were investigated. Our histological study showed that the mucous membrane covering the tongue in bulbul and cockatiel consists of a multi-layered epithelium covering the lamina properia. The skeletal muscle fiber was absent in the apex of the tongue in bulbul and present in the body and root in large number with longitudinal and circular direction. In cockatiel skeletal muscle found in large ...

Herna Febrianty Sianipar1,2,3, Wahyu Widoretno1, Luchman Hakim1, Rezi Rahmi Amolia4, Fatchiyah Fatchiyah1,2,5*

... method were employed to determine antioxidant activity. Proximate content and amino acid content  tests showed that Castanopsis argantea had significantly higher levels (P<0.05) of carbohydrates (84.09%), fat (3.07%), energy from fat (27.69 Kcal/100 g), total energy (386.34 Kcal/100g), and amino acids such as L-Histidine (1721.09ppm), L-Isoleucine (1329.17ppm), and L-Lysine (1484.99ppm). Phytochemical screening is most notable in Aglaia tomentosa, sho...

Advances in Animal and Veterinary Sciences

December

Vol. 12, Iss. 12, pp. 2301-2563

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