Seroprevalence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Domestic Pigs of Thailand: Two Decades After Nationwide Vaccines Application
Seroprevalence of Porcine Circovirus Type 2 in Domestic Pigs of Thailand: Two Decades After Nationwide Vaccines Application
Chanathip Thammakarn1*, Sawanya Umphonphison1, Paitoon Kaewhom2, Kanokrat Srikijkasemwat1
ABSTRACT
The antibody response of domestic pigs to porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) was investigated in commercial farms at various regions of Thailand during the year 2018-2021. A total 2,002 serum samples were collected from 16 farms located in 10 provinces and tested by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay. Among total serum samples, 914 samples were further tested by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) to detect ORF2 gene. The results revealed that 81.17% of pigs had low positive level antibody against PCV2, while 10.29% had high positive titer. On the other hand 8.54% of pig had no antibody to PCV2. The low positive antibody level was found in most population in all farm sizes as well as all types of pig as in age categories. The PCR result illustrated that there was no viral gene in seronegative serum. While 0.8% of total low positive serum samples displayed positive by PCR. In addition, 3.23% of total high positive serum samples showed positive by PCR. The present study is the first nationwide serological prevalence of PCV2 antibody report since two decades of PCV2 vaccines was applied in Thailand. The results proved that high prevalence of PCV2 immunity was established, with the most population had antibody titer fall in low positive, while some of viremic pigs still presented, determined that the routine vaccination programs used in farms can control PCV2 efficiently since continuing vaccination.
Keywords | Antibody, ORF2 gene, PCV2, Prevalence, Thailand
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