Combination of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Trichoderma hamatum Fermentation Broth and Fungicide Carbendazim enhances Inhibition against Scleromitrula shiraiana under Laboratory Conditions
Combination of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Trichoderma hamatum Fermentation Broth and Fungicide Carbendazim enhances Inhibition against Scleromitrula shiraiana under Laboratory Conditions
Xiaqing Chen, Yü Huang and Zhen Huang*
ABSTRACT
Scleromitrula shiraiana is a fungal pathogen that attacks mulberry fruits and causes disease named as “popcorn disease”. Many Trichoderma spp. produce a series of antibiotic metabolites that can inhibit plant pathogens. Trichoderma hamatum isolated from infected mulberry fruits was evaluated for its efficiency to suppress plant pathogen S. shiraiana alone or in combination with fungicide carbendazim under laboratory conditions. The results showed that S. shiraiana was not detected on mulberry leaves and branches, whereas it was only detected in mulberry fruits. T. hamatum fermentation broth and its ethyl acetate extracts caused high mycelial growth inhibition and germination inhibition of S. shiraiana, with the inhibition value up to 80% and 90%, respectively. An apparent increase in mycelial growth inhibition in a dose-dependent manner was observed when ethyl acetate extract and carbendazim were applied individually. The EC50 of T. hamatum ethylacetate extract or carbendazim in mycelial growth inhibition of S. shiraiana was 6.6 μg/ml or 39.5 μg/ml under laboratory condition, respectiviely. The level of synergism between ethylacetate extract and carbendazim was affected by the concentration of each component in the mixtures. The synergistic effects were observed in treatments T4 (3.5+40.0), T5 (7.0+20.0) and T6 (7.0+40.0), respectively. The treatment T3 (3.5+20.0) was determined as additive effects according to their cumulative adjusted mortalities, Me and Chi-square values. The current research on the joint action of ethylacetate extracts from T. hamatum with carbendazim offered a promising, safe and effective alternative to fungicides in treatment against S. shiraiana, popcorn disease of mulberry.
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December 2018
Vol. 50, Iss. 6, Pages 1999-2398
