Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wheat Variety ‘‘Chagi-2’’ under Short-Term Wastewater Irrigation
Assessment of Heavy Metals in Wheat Variety ‘‘Chagi-2’’ under Short-Term Wastewater Irrigation
KAFEEL AHMAD1, ROBINA KOKAB1, ZAFAR IQBAL KHAN1, ASMA ASHFAQ1, HUMAYUN BASHIR1, MUDASRA MUNIR1, MUHAMMAD SHER2, KINZA WAJID1, HASFSA MEMONA3, MADIHA SANA3, IJAZ RASOOL NOORKA4, MAHPARA SHEHZADI5, MUHAMMAD NADEEM6, TAHIR MAHMOOD QURESHI6, NAUNAIN MEHMOOD7, ABID IJAZ1, BUSHRA HUMA1, IFRA SALEEM MALIK1, KHALID NAWAZ8 ILKER UGULU9 &YUNUS DOGAN9
ABSTRACT
The increased utilization of wastewater has raised the level of heavy metals in the crops. Concentrations of heavy metals (Cu, Pb, Cd, Ni, Mn, Zn, Cd, Co, and Fe) in soil, water, and wheat grains using different treatments of wastewater and ground water were determined in present pot experiment conducted in Sargodha, Pakistan. The current study also focused on the evaluation of bioconcentration factor and pollution load index of the contaminated soil. Most of the metals observed in wastewater were present above the permissible limit set by WWF. Cd concentration increased considerably under wastewater irrigation in soil and wheat grains. Zn showed highest bioconcentration. Wastewater irrigated soil exhibited the maximum Pollution Load Index (PLI) values as compared to control treatment. It is recommended that wastewater must be treated properly before agricultural use to reduce accumulation of heavy metals in the cereal crops and implement safe practices for wastewater usage.
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