Sappan Wood Ethanol Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as Adjuvant and Substitute of Iron Chelator in Acute Iron Overload Rat Model
Sappan Wood Ethanol Extract (Caesalpinia sappan L.) as Adjuvant and Substitute of Iron Chelator in Acute Iron Overload Rat Model
Rezqita Putri Pitaloka1, Kartiawati Alipin1, Mas Rizky A.A Syamsunarno2, Gemilang Lara Utama3, Ramdan Panigoro2, Ratu Safitri1*
ABSTRACT
Excessive iron accumulation in the body causes oxidative stress, which can lead to cell death. Iron chelating agents such as deferoxamine, deferiprone, and deferasirox have been used to treat iron overload, but their uses are inconvenient caused by their side effects. Therefore, the invention of an alternative chelating agent with a more efficient effect, convenient uses, and affordable is essential, which can be done with natural plants. Sappan wood (Caesalpinia sappan L.) contains active compounds, such as brazilin and flavonoid with the ability to chelate Fe. This study aims to determine the effect of sappan wood ethanol extract (SWEE) as an adjuvant and substitute for iron chelator. The adjuvant test group was given 60 mg/kg BW iron dextran (ID), 75 mg/kg BW deferiprone (DFP), and 50 to 200 mg/kg BW SWEE, while the substitute group was administered with 60 mg/kg BW ID and DFP:SWEE with a gradient ratio. The ID was given orally for the first 14 days at intervals of 3 days, while DFP and SWEE were administered orally every day for 28 days. The parameters observed include iron levels in the serum, liver, heart, spleen, kidney, and brain. The results showed that the effective dose was the combination of 75 mg/kg BW DFP and 50 mg/kg BW SWEE as an adjuvant, while 200mg/kg BW SWEE can be used as a substitute for chelators, especially in the heart. The decrease in serum and organ iron levels due to the combination of DFP and SWEE showed their ability to act as an adjuvant and substitute for chelators.
Keywords | Adjuvant, Deferiprone, Iron levels, Sappan wood ethanol extract, Substitute.
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