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Joseph Andrew Bracken

Metaphysics for a World in Evolution
...o a hierarchical ordered system of fields within fields at all levels of existence and activity within nature. In the final part of the article, I indicate how this new field-oriented understanding of the relation between the One and the Many may help to solve controversial issues in natural science and Christian systematic theology.

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H. Bruce Rinker

...r our survival. One such system of consilient valuing is presently available for our consideration as stewards of the planet: Gaia theory. Under the guidance of such “big picture” thinking, we may be able to unify the sciences, indeed all human belief, into an ecological and cultural equilibrium as encompassed by Gaia theory.

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Xingdong Yang and Lijuan Yuan

...inal anatomy, and immune system, pig is particularly a suitable animal species for the modeling of human enteric pathogen infections, immune responses and for vaccine evaluations. These are the basis for the successful establishment of the infection and disease models for human rotavirus, human norovirus and human enterovirus 71 using neonatal gnotobiotic pigs. The differences between germ-free and normal animals in the maturation status of immune

Khalid Usman, Aziz-Ur-Rehman

...s soil type and cropping system. The objective of this study was to evaluate the response of spring wheat seeded in three tillage systems viz., zero (ZT), reduced tillage (RT), and conventional tillage (CT) to split application of N fertilizer [50 kg N at sowing + 100 kg N ha-1 at first irrigation (T1); 50 kg N at first irrigation + 100 kg N ha-1 at second irrigation (T2); 50 kg N at sowing + 50 kg N at first irrigation + 50...

Muhammad Arif1, Fazal Jalal1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Dost Muhammad2

...ster C in agricul- tural systems. Two years field experiments were conducted on corn crop at the research farm of the University of Agriculture Peshawar, during 2011-2013. Wheat-maize-wheat cropping pattern was followed with the adjustment of legumes in summer gap (land available after wheat harvest till maize sowing). Legumes i.e. mungbean, cowpea and sesbania with a fallow were adjusted in the summer gap with and without biochar application. Biochar was appl...

Ghazalah Yasmin1*, Mir Ajab Khan2, Nighat Shaheen3, Umbreen Javed Khan4


E-mail | [email protected]

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture, Vol. 31, Iss. 1
...; ">To better understand systematic characters of Aconogonon (Polygonaceae), we studied pollen morphology in three (A. alpinum, A. rumicifolium and A. tortuosum) of five species distributed in Pakistan using light microscopy and scanning electron microscopy. Results showed that Aconogonon is characterized by tricolpate pollen with microspinulose type of exine ornamentation. One distinctive pollen type was recognized on the basis of aperture number and...

Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1

 

...+ mungbean intercropping systems under different fertility treatments at National Agriculture Research Centre (NARC) Islamabad, Pakistan. Cropping systems were kept in vertical blocks and fertility treatments in horizontal blocks replicated thrice with RCBD strip block system. Sole mungbean and intercropped mungbean with maize were treated with five fertility treatments (T1, control; Phosp...

Suresh V Kuchipudi* and Kin-Chow Chang

 

...s of influenza and other systemic viral infections which warrants further in-depth investigations.

 

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Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*

 

...ulinaris) based cropping systems field trials were conducted at University Research Farm, Pir Mehr Ali Shah Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during 2007-2009. Lentil was planted in winter and during summer sorghum (sorghum bicolor) and mung bean (vigna radiata) followed lentil. Five different fertilizer treatments i.e. farmyard manure (FYM) 30 tons ha-1, NPK 35-40-20 kg ha-1, poultry manure 20 tons ha-1, compost (press m...

Shen Yang1, Guang-Zhi Tong1, 2*

...des of the innate immune system triggered by HP-PRRSV often lead to the elimination of infection. However, HP-PRRSV induces pathological changes and can cause aberrant immune responses in the host, resulting in acute lung injury and immune dysfunction. Studies of the innate immune responses to HP-PRRSV infection are crucial to gaining insight into HP-PRRSV-induced pathogenesis and for the development of novel protective vaccines. In this review, we discuss the...

Hai-Bo Wang, Qiu-Hua Mo, Ze Yang*

...and sensitive diagnostic system, which combines nucleic acid sequence-based amplification (NASBA) and molecular beacon technique. Recently there have been two major progresses in the field, in which RT-NASBA technique was applied for the detection of diarrhoea related viruses. This mini review overviewed the basic principle of RT-NASBA and discussed the significance of these new findings.

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Imdad Sohu1, Allah Wadhayo Gandahi2*, Ghulam Raza Bhutto2, Muhammad Salim Sarki2, Rabail Gandahi3

...r rice-chickpea cropping system. Integrated nutrient management is important for higher crop yields and sustainable agriculture. A field experiment was conducted to study the residual effect of integrated nutrient management on growth and yield of chickpea crop. The treatments included control (no organic or inorganic fertilizer), NPK (36-72-0 kg ha-1), NPK (36-72-20 kg ha-1), Farmyard Manure (20 t ha-1), Poultry Manure (20 t ha-1), NPK (18-36-10 kg ha-1) + FY...

Rabnawaz1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Tahir Sarwar2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3

...il canal irrigation systems in Peshawar Valley. For this purpose, 18 farms were selected under public canal system and 13 under civil canal systems. Results revealed that average CWP of wheat, maize, sugarcane and tomato was 0.96, 1.11, 3.31, 3.61 kg m-3 under public and 0.90, 0.77, 2.36, 2.98 kg m-3, under civil system, respectively....

Guoyi Li1, Haiyan Tong1, Jiansheng Chen2, Jinliang Wei2, Xiaoming Zhao2, Guoping Zhang2, Zixue Shi2*

E-mail | [email protected]

...dreadful central nervous system signs and high mortality in adults and children. It is caused by the JE virus (JEV), which belongs to the family Flaviviridae. JEV is endemic to many parts of East Asia, Southeast Asia and Australia, where periodic outbreaks take thousands of lives. With rapid globalisation and climatic shift, JEV has started to emerge in previously unaffected areas. Scientific evidences show that JEV would remain a global pathogen and ...

Claudia Kohl*, Andreas Nitsche, Andreas Kurth

Email: [email protected]

...y to study i.e. whole ecosystems. Basically, the metagenomics approach is similar to well-known shotgun-sequencing, though on a much bigger scale. For instance, the metagenome of a lake would include all the fish, ducks, plants, fungi, bacteria and everything else that belongs to the lake. If we apply this approach to clinical samples we can identify the community of etiological pathogens, without any knowledge on the targets in advance. However, clinical spec...

Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman

E-mail | [email protected]

...he anti-oxidative enzyme system and MDA, but provoked oxidative stress when applied at high dosages. Therefore, pesticide application at high concentrations can be considered as a kind of stress, similarly to other stresses such as salt, drought and low or high temperatures.

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Ali Mohammadi, Mohammad Hossein Ebrahimi

...;KineSpring knee implant system was designed for young subjects with knee OA to reduce knee pain, improve stability and knee function. The aim of this review article is to screen for the available information on knee implant system and to propose a suitable remedy for effective management of such ailments. Out of the available and applied implants, none of them was evaluated by motion analysis 

Fatemeh Kheiri

...e of the motion analysis system and a Kistler force plate. The stability of subjects during standing and their energy consumption while walking were analyzed by the use of a Kistler force plate and a polar heart rate monitoring. The difference between the kinetic and kinematic between sound and prosthetic sides was evaluated by two sample t-test. The physiological cost index of amputees varied between 0.42 and 0.74 beats per minute. there was no signi cant di ...

Seyed Mohsen Mirbod

...e use of motion analysis system and a force plate (Kistler). The mediolateral excursion of the knee joint decreased while walking with the knee orthosis in contrast to normal walking. Moreover, the mediolateral moment applied on the knee joint decreased significantly. This new design of the orthosis improves the performance of the subjects during walking. It carried same performance as that of the knee cage, and additionally is more cosmesis, ease in use ...

Khalid Ali1*, Amanullah Jan2

... the prevailing cropping system may increase crop productivity and net profitability through improving soil physico-chemical properties and fertility. Two years field experiments were conducted at the Agriculture Research Institute Tarnab, Peshawar- Pakistan (semiarid conditions) to investigate the effect of two green manuring crop species (guar and millet), their incorporation age (40, 70 and 100 days after sowing, DAS) and parts (whole plants incorporation a...

Abiodun D. Olabode

...oncludes that irrigation system is a catalyst for appreciable rice yield in this area. However, proper application of fertilizer and expansion of existing farmland should be adopted among the rice farmers in the study area and other related environment.

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Anna-Maria Andersson*, Ann-Kristin Nyman, Per Wallgren

... assay) system was recently evaluated. However, such estimations of disease progression are commonly based on single sampling occasions and it is essential to know if estimated antibody levels vary over a period of weeks or months. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the short term stability and the long term consistency of the antibody levels to Aleutian disease virus (ADV). When evaluated in the short term, i.e. between consecut...

Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*

...y be fit in the cropping system as spring or summer season crop. However, its planting in summer is at risk of the moon-soon outbreak duration in the season. Present study was aimed to quantify delay-sowing response with increasing N-rate on crop productivity at Agronomy Research Farm, University of Agriculture Peshawar Pakistan. Sunflower (cv. Hysun-33) was planted on different dates i.e. Jul. 1, 11 and 21 treated with different N-rates starting from 40 kg ha...

Moustafa Kardjadj

...or a robust surveillance system to detect and respond effectively to exotic infections. Emergence and re-emergence of FMD virus genotypes/lineages has been detected necessitating frequent replacement of the vaccine strains. The present review summarizes the knowledge generated in epidemiology, diagnosis and surveillance of the disease in the Maghreb countries.

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Shahida Bibi* and Ijaz Ahmad Khan

...mponent in intercropping system involving maize crop, based on our results.   

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Mukhtarullah1, Jawad Ali2 and Mohammad Akmal1*

...lar crop in the cropping system, however, average yield differs by 100% from the national average yield due to rainfed planting (67%). Sowing of wheat in the area starts in October subject to onset of winter rains which delays its planting in the season. This study aims to compare yield performance of newly released varieties of wheat by delay in sowing in the season under rainfed condition. Field experiment was conducted at Agriculture Research Farm, Ahmad Wa...

Moustafa Kardjadj1, Pam Dachung Luka2

...to expand or improve the systems, and inadequate supply of quality vaccines and the problem of delivery to maintain cold chain, there is need for a very strong regional coordination for effective and sustainable control of PPR in Africa. The African continent is currently divided into 57 countries (or independent territories), many of which rely heavily on livestock for fuel, motor power and sustenance with many also endemic to the disease. PPRV continues to d...

Amitha Reena Gomes1, Belamaranahally Muniveerappa Veeregowda2, Sonnahallipura Munivenkatappa Byregowda1, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan3*

... in various heterologous systems across the globe for development of vaccines and/or diagnostic antigens. The recombinant viral proteins, virus like particle based vaccines, bivalent/multivalent vaccines, recombinant viral vectored vaccines, RNA interference as a therapy, suicidal DNAs, synthetic epitopes and peptides, reverse genetics, anti idiotypic antibody based vaccines and helper cell dependent diagnostics represent the present vaccine/diagnostic develop...

Keyvan Sharifmoradi1*, Nader Farahpour2

...study. A motion analysis system (Vicon Motion Analysis System) and two Kistler force plates were used to measure forces applied on the legs. Data were evaluated using independent t-test with significant point set at p< 0.05. There was no difference in cadence between left and right of normal subjects and those with PD. However, there was a significant decrease in walking speed and stride length in both sides of PD ...

Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2

 

...gth as well as financial system phase.

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 Zar Muhammad and Mohammad Tariq Jan

...oduction in agricultural system. Two years field trials were carried out during 2011-12 at New Developmental Farm of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar, Pakistan. Thirteen compost treatments including control as main plot treatment and two fert-N levels (0 and 75 kg N ha-1) as subplot treatments were used. Compost materials i.e. farmyard manure (FYM), cereal residue (CR) and legume residue (LR) were composted as sole or in various combinations six weeks b...

Christopher U Orji1*, Ignatius O Onyeocha2, Steven S Shaida3, Peter M Dede4, Bitrus Yakubu5, Elijah E Ella6 and Pam D Luka5

...elated to the ecological systems, evolutionary rate, adaptation of the species, gene flow, epidemiology and control strategies. Our study observed that the two laboratory grown species of tsetse flies may be genetically related.

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Jannatul Noor, Md. Ahaduzzaman, Mir Md. Afzal Hossain, Mohammad Alamgir Hossain, Sardar Abdur Rahim and Md. Samun Sarker

...red under semi intensive system (63.33%) than free range (20.0%) and the intensive system (16.67%) (P=0.00). Ticks were found mostly around the ear (66.67%) than the other body parts. The most abundant ticks were identified as Boophilus sp. (61.67%), followed by Haemaphysalis sp. (30.0%) and Hyalomma sp. (8.33%) (P=0.00).

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Muhammad Khurshid, Muhammad Nafees, Inam-ur-Rahim and Wajid Rashid

...ditional mobile pastoral system. This study was carried out in Naran valley in 2015, to understand the agriculture land use changes during the past three decades and its impacts on traditional mobile pastoral system. For this purpose, participatory discussions, Global Positioning System (GPS) and Geographic Information System (GIS) were used to identify ...

Muhammad Aslam

...l research and extension systems, accelerating diffusion and adoption of latest agriculture technologies and inputs, enhancing good quality seed production, improving irrigation water management and improving reclamation and drainage.

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Ghani Akbar, Muhammad Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Asif, Iqbal Hassan, Qurban Hussain3 and Greg Hamilton

...ised bed farming (CTRBF) system, which may be helpful for agriculture sustainability and food security.

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Iqra Mahmood1, Asif Nadeem1*, Masroor Ellahi Babar2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1, Maryam Javed1, Aisha Siddiqa1, Tanveer Hussain2 and Muhammad Tariq Pervez2

... This article presents a systematic integration of complex biological interactions of 226 mammary gland genes to uncover underlying regulatory networks. Data were collected from various databases after having an exhaustive literature study. Network, functional and pathway analysis of the mammary gland genes were performed to find mastitis resistant genes, which helped us to identify prime genes of mammary gland that are more resistant to mastitis, and analysis...

Muhammad Zahid1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Muhammad Shahid2

...g factors in our agro-ecosystem. Among many pest management approaches, biological control is considered as the main strategy to address these issues including sucking pests. Different biocontrol agents are being used for the management of these sucking insect pests. Neoseiulus barkeri (Acari: Phytoseiidae) has been proved as an efficient acarine predator of sucking insect pests of different crops. This predator has also been reported from different localities...

Atul Sharma, Aruna Chandra Singh, Gautam Bacher, Sunil Bhand

Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4

 

...redators in sunflower ecosystem. The data revealed that B. tabaci and Empoasca spp were present throughout the cropping season. Their average maximum populations (5.65 and 3.20 individuals / leaf) were recorded during 3-week of May 2009. Aphis gossypii was recorded during the month of March and its maximum population (28.3 individuals / leaf) was observed during 2-week of March 2009. Likewise, Nysius inconspicuous was observed during seeds development and its ...

Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek

...eniles and eggs per root system, and reproduction factor. Four initial populations (Pi) (500, 1000, 1500, and 2000 eggs) mixed with antagonistic fungal conidia levels (1×103, 1×104, 1×105, 1×106) were used during the experiments. The roots were stained with Phloxine B, the egg-masses were quantified, the root systems were rated for galling, and the egg masses were measured on a 0 to 5 scale, where 0 =...

Afzaal Ahmad Naseem1*, Maleeha Akram1, Sarwat Jahan2, Kiran Afshan2, Zubaria Iqbal1, Faheem Tahir3, Mazhar Qayyum1 and Syed Shakeel Raza Rizvi1

...red using specific ELISA systems and LGV was calculated for each age/stage group. Pearson correlation r and ANOVA were employed. GH and LGV exhibited age related positive correlations from 1 to 20 years and developmental stage dependent positive correlations during infancy, pre-puberty, early, mid and late puberty/adolescence. T and LGV were positively correlated from 1st to 16th year and negatively correlated from 17th to 20th year. T and LGV exhibited positi...

Wenmin Cheng1,2*, Weirong Pan1,2, Yubo Qing1, Yingchao Liu1, Xingqin Zha1,2, Yan Huang2, Jige Xin1,2, Hongjiang Wei1 and Yangzhi Zeng2

...a prokaryotic expression system and compared the difference on the developmental effects between exogenous Npm and its structural analog, polyglutamic acid (PGA). We chose the pMD18-T vector for Npm expression and transformed E. coli BL21 (DE3) cells to construct a prokaryotic expression system. The results showed that the recombinant Npm protein of 32 kDa could be obtained. Recombinant Npm or PGA was injected into porcine o...

Jose M. Rojas, Noemi Sevilla and Veronica Martin

...uppression of the immune system during the acute disease, which favours the establishment and exacerbates the progression of secondary infections. This review gives an overview of the known immunosuppressive strategies of PPRV, among the Paramyxoviruses, as well as the strategies developed by this virus to evade the immune system, focusing on the newly identified factors involved. In the last years substantial progress has b...

Mostafa A. Abdel-Maksoud1,2, Fathy A. Abdel-Ghaffar2, Azza El-Amir2, Gamal Badr3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy1*

Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2

...co-friendly pest control system.

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Nighat Sultana1,2,*, Shazia Iftikhar1, Nafeesa Qudsia Hanif2 and Iffat Tahira2

...ing a model fermentation system and raw materials from different areas of Punjab, Pakistan. A. niger, A. flavus and A. fumigatus were the most dominant followed by A. terrus and A. ochraceous in fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total fungal counts ranged from 1×103 to 4×103cfu/ml for all species in both fresh and ensiled maize fodder. Total aflatoxins (AFB1, AFB2, AFG1 and AFG2) and ochratoxin A (OTA) analysis showed that AFB1was present with high f...

Xiangxing Zhu1, Junyu Nie1, Shouneng Quan1,2, Huiyan Xu1, Xiaogan Yang1, Yangqing Lu1, Kehuan Lu1 and Shengsheng Lu1*

...ammalian central nervous system (CNS), perform many important neurobiological functions. Although a large number of transgenic mouse models carrying astrocyte-specific transgene expression of transgene have made significant contributions to understanding astrocytic structure and function in vitro and in vivo, evidence suggests that mouse models are limited and sometimes do not fully replicate the complete spectrum of neurological phenotypes seen in human disea...

Bahattin Cak1, Orhan Yilmaz1, Siddik Keskin2, Tahir Bayril3 and Mohammad Masood Tariq4*

...ency of the goat farming system.

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Bin Wang, Bo Zhang, Nan Yang, Liang Dou and Jianghong Ran*

...the cooperative breeding system is a facultative breeding strategy in both natural and habituated buff-throated partridge, and suggest that variation in food resources might cause variation in demography and the frequency of cooperative breeding among populations.

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Muhammad Jamal Nasir, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Saeed Akhtar

.... Geographic information system (GIS) is a computer-based set of procedures used to store and analyze geographically-referenced data. Primary data about crop yield and per acre production, new seed and crop varieties etc. was collected with the help of a questionnaire survey. A total of 50 household were surveyed which make 45 percent of the total (114 households). The analysis of acquired data reveals that in 2008-09 tube well irrigated land account for 81.67...

Hina Fatima, Lal Almas and Bushra Yasmin

...of cotton-melon cropping system under tunnels. The data were collected from 150 farmers; those were cultivating cotton-melon crops in combination under tunnels. The study area was Punjab, Pakistan. The stochastic cost frontier analysis was used to estimate the allocative efficiency of cotton-melon cropping systems efficiency. The result illustrates that none of the farmers to be optimally using their inputs. The average allo...

Aqila Shaheen and Nadia Sabir

... of wheat-maize cropping systems in the erosion-vulnerable sub-humid area. Treatments included tillage levels i.e. ST (shallow tillage), STR (shallow tillage with residues), DT (deep tillage) and DTR (deep tillage with residues). Sub plots had three fertilizer’s levels viz. F1 (control), F2 (inorganic fertilizers) and F3 (farm yard manure; FYM+ inorganic fertilizers). Deep tillage increased wheat yield by 60%, 37% and 29% ov...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir1,*, Bilal Saeed Khan1 and Nazir Javed2
...ory mites within soil ecosystems, involved in maintaining the soil health. Biodiversity of Mesostigmata can be used to access the soil health within a geographical region. Family richness, diversity, abundance and evenness of soil inhabiting Mesostigmata mites in cultivated and undisturbed soil were estimated from five different localities of Punjab, Pakistan in 2014. Family richness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as c...

Pam D Luka, Frank N Mwiine, Bitrus Yakubu, Joseph Erume, Ricardo Pérez-Sánchez, Hermann Unger and David Shamaki

...n the Nigeria’s ecosystem. This finding provides a guide for further studies to establish their role in the epidemiology of ASF and additional effort towards understanding the ecology of Ornithodoros ticks in Nigeria.

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Fermín Lopez-Uriostegui1, Jesús T. Ponce-Palafox2,*, Fabiola Lango-Reynoso1, María del Refugio Castañeda-Chavez1, Virgilio Eugenio Arenas-Fuentes3 and Fernando Vega-Villasante4
...nellum in caged-pond system were studied. A total of 120 caridean shrimp (60 M. americanum and 60 M. tenellum) had their stomach repletion analysis. Samples were taken four-hly over a 24 h cycle. In general it was found that stomach repletion index showed both species feed 24 h, but forage activity differs in intensity in the two species. In M. tenellum repletion index was greatest during the day and M. americanum in the night.<...

 Saqib Ali1, Suliman Ali1, Lina1, Wen Zhou1, Muhammad Irfan Waris1, Ashfaq Ali2 and Man Qun Wang1,*

...cs, ecology, chemical ecosystem, economic significance, and management. Beetles in the Cerambycidae family have implicit increasing importance as pests of green forest in addition to shade trees, shrubs, and pink wood products as well as vectors of tree ailments. The alien species related to hardwood packing substances have been remarkable tree destroyers in the urban and semi-urban areas of China. In forests flora and fauna inhabitant species take action agai...
Sung Kwon Park1a, Jin Young Jeong2a, Eun Seok Cho3, Yong Dae Jeong3 and Chang Seok Park4*
...f cell growth and immune system. Thus, results from our current study indicate that DEG analysis of RNA-seq data help us better understand the precise mechanisms of PEDV in pig PBMC. 
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Muhammad Khurshid1,2*, Muhammad Nafees1, Mehmet Somuncu2

...fy;">Pastoral production system remained a central component of mountain subsistence economy in the Hindu Kush- Himalayan (HKH) region of Northern Pakistan. However, the growing trends of crops cultivation in the high mountains of HKH region have largely transformed this subsistence livestock production in to commercial agricultural system and shaped an uncertain environment that is not suitable for both landless nomadic pas...

Wazha Mugabe1,2, Lawrence Akanyang1, Mackenzie Nsinamwa1, Batanani Moatswi1, Naledi Matthews1, Kealeboga Dipheko1, Imtiaz Ahmed Ujjan3 and Assar Ali Shah2*

... of sizes 10m x 10m were systematically placed along each transect at intervals of 50m for the first 500m and the last 500m the spacing interval was increased by 100m. The botanical composition (P<0.05) of fodder trees along grazing gradients was composed of 20 and 12 species for fenced and unfenced areas, respectively. The grazing gradient in fenced area recorded the highest mean density (P<0.05) of tree species (1928 units ha−1) as compared ...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2, Waseem Akbar Qazi2, Noor Abid Saeed3

S. K. Mukhopadhyay and M. V. Santha Kumar

Studies on the biosafety of botanical insecticides to native natural enemies of mulberry ecosystem
...ed in IPM in mulberry ecosystem.

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Bijan Kumar Das

Incidence of Aleurocanthus spp. (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) on betelvine (Piper betle L.) and their interaction with host plants
...ts occur in betelvine ecosystem which dwindle betelvine yield potentiality. Among these, the polyphagous betelvine blackfly, Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh (Aleyrodidae: Hemiptera) is a major pest causing severe damage to the foliage in the conservatories (borojas) of West Bengal. The seasonal incidence of A. rugosa in boroja was recorded during 2003-2004. A. rugosa adults were active in the boroja throughout the year with two peaks, one in pre-monsoon and another...

S. Subharani, S. S. Thorat, N. Abem, L. Amit Kumar and T. K. Singh 

A database on parasitoid of insect pests of crops in Manipur, India
...gathered by conducting a systematic survey of parasitoids on insect pests of crops in different localities of Manipur was developed by using MS-Access. The database is for academic purpose and it includes the taxonomic details of the parasitoid, host insect, host plant, morphological characters, geographical distribution, period of activity, parasitoid behavior and its biology etc. Image of the parasitoid species are also provided for helping in easy identific...

Sitansu Pan and Someshwar Bhagat

Biological control of plant diseases
...t common and established system of biocontrol of plant diseases.

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Sitansu Pan and Amrita Das

Population proliferation and spread of Trichoderma spp. in soil under two different delivery systems
...ng two types of delivery systems, through organic based (vermicompost + neem cake (90% + 10% w/w)) and seed based (sterilized wheat seed) inocula. The population proliferation and spread of the antagonists were faster when they were applied through organic based inoculums over that of seed based inoculums from the point of application. Similarly population proliferation and spread of the antagonist was more rapid in sterilized soil followed by solarised soil a...

Madhuban Gopal, Rajesh Kumar and Arunava Goswami 

Nano-pesticides - A recent approach for pest control
...ize agriculture and food systems. We utilized nano-technological interventions for developing nanopesticides with potent fungicidal and miticidal properties. Nanosulphur and nanohexaconazole were prepared using encapsulation technique. The Dynamic Light Scattering (DLS) studies, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) studies confirmed the nano-structure of nanopesticides. Nanoparticles of sulphur and hexaconazole thus cha...

Dhananjoy Mandal 2K. Baral 3M. K. Dasgupta

Developing site-specific appropriate precision agriculture
...APA) applied to cropping system management with geoinformatics and agriinformatics as may be available of land, soil, including its nutrient content and availability of requisite water, meteorology, agrometeorology and forecasting inputs and outputs by marketing, production, protection and processing, and other essential information provided through a decision support system (DSS), in an agriinformatics networking such that ...

Shrinivas Mudigoudra and Shekharappa

Evaluation of plant products aganist sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani
... shoot fly in sorghum ecosystem. The results clearly indicated that NSKE (5%) recorded less eggs of shoot fly (0.40egg/plant), per cent dead heart (14.97%) and maximum grain yield of 13.22 q.ha-1 among different plant products. The next best plant product was found to be V. negundo @ 5% in recording less incidence of shoot fly and obtaining higher grain yield. However, both the treatments were found next best only to carbofuran 3 G.

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Shekharappa

Biological control of earhead caterpillar, Helicoverpea armigera Hubner in sorghum
... armigera) in sorghum ecosystem of University of Agricultural Sciences, Dharwad. The mycoinsecticide N. rileyi was highly infective at both the dosages 1x108 conidia per litre & 2x108 conidia per litre against H. armigera as compared to Ha NPV 250 LE per hectare and chemical control in mitigating the pest population as well as in obtaining the higher yield.
 

 

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Muhammad Mansoor, Zaigham Abbas and Nageen Husssain*
Madeeha Arshad1, Naveed Ahmad2,*, Muhammad Khalid3, Asmatullah1, Mohammad Tahir2, Khadija Naveed1 and Asia Iqbal4
...tegumentary and skeletal systems against control. Exencephaly, Omphalocoel, hygroma and limb abnormalities were recorded. It is shown that Cr VI causes teratogenic effects in mice embryos.
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Khurram Shahzad and Mohammad Akmal*

... a cereal based cropping system i.e. maize-wheat in rotation. The results concluded that wheat crop fertilized with 140 kg ha-1 preferably in three splits for sustainable farming system for Peshawar climate and surroundings.

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Shah Saud Ahmad and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*

...dents had joint families system. Almost (60%) respondents had landholdings up to five acres and majority (77%) respondents were involved on full time basis in agriculture whereas 80% of the respondents reported agriculture as their major source of income. FSC was the major source of agricultural information followed by agriculture extension department. More than half of the respondents (i.e. 60%) reported that FSC arranged trainings for them regarding their ca...
Hazrat Ali1,*, Wajid Ali1, Karim Ullah1, Fazle Akbar1, Sher Ahrar1, Irfan Ullah1, Irum Ahmad1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Ikram Ilahi2 and Muhammad Anwar Sajad3 
...tamination of aquatic ecosystems with heavy metals leads to accumulation of these elements in aquatic biota including fish. Bioaccumulation of heavy metals in fish is of public health concern because fish are an important part of human diet. The present study was conducted to investigate the bioaccumulation of two heavy metals, Cu and Zn, in muscles of two economically important fish species, an herbivorous fish Schizothorax plagiostomus and a predatory...

Aftab Wajid1, Ashfaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Awais2, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman3*, M. Aown Sammar Raza2, Usman Bashir2, Muhammad Naveed Arshad1, Sana Ullah4, Muhammad Irfan5 and Umair Gull1
 

...in Cotton-Wheat cropping system of Punjab under arid climate of Multan and response of different nitrogen (N) increments (50, 100, 150 and 200 kg N ha-1) for efficient and effective resource (nitrogen) utilization. The study was conducted in Multan during cotton growing season in 2014. Cultivars as well as nitrogen increments significantly contributed to the related traits of cotton growth, seed cotton yield and yield attributes. Increasing N increments reveal...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...eces into the aquatic ecosystem.
...

Sania Shaheen1*, Hina Fatima2 and Muhammad Azeem Khan3

..., the direct seeded rice system is introduced in some of the rice cropping districts of Pakistan. The current research estimate the technical efficiency of conventional and dry rice farmers and also determine the factors which significantly contribute to increase the rice output. Moreover, this study estimated the sources of inefficiency. Data collected from 300 sample rice farmers into the Kharif cycle (2013-14) at five main rice growing districts of Punjab n...
Talha Nazir1,2,*, Muhammad Dildar Gogi2, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Waheed ul Hassan2, Abdul Hanan2 and Muhammad Jalal Arif
...ved to be most effective systemic insecticide against all insect pests, followed by Pouch, Senator, Blaster, Bugatti and Jozer. However, Confidor, Jozer, Bugatti, Blaster and Senator showed a top-down effect on beneficial insects causing 50–90% reduction in their populations, while Pouch showed minimum effect (< 50% reduction) on the population of beneficial insects and proved to be relatively safe. All insecticide formulations tested exhibited ≥ 5...
Muhammad Abdullah1,*, Rashid A. khan2, Muhammad Rafay3, Tanveer Hussain3, Tahira Ruby4,Fariha Rehman5, Sangam Khalil3 and Sohail Akhtar6
...t in our agricultural ecosystem. To analyze this activity present work was planned to collect the preliminary information about habitat requirements and different breeding aspects of Cattle egret (Bubulcus ibis). The fieldwork was performed for two years (2012, 2013) at three different stations in the surrounding area of Faisalabad. Based on results it was concluded that Cattle egrets are colonial breeders and colonies were monospecific with no other ar...
Muhammad Usman Qamar1, 2, Sidrah Saleem1, Usman Arshad1, Muhammad Farhan Rasheed3, Hasan Ejaz4, Naveed Shahzad5 and Shah Jahan6,*
...ed using VITEK 2 compact system. Carbapenamase and metallo-β-lactamase (MBL) production by these isolates was confirmed by modified Hodge’s test and disc potentiation method, respectively. The blaNDM-1genewas amplified by PCR and sequenced. MIC of different antibiotics were determined by VITEK 2 system and antibacterial activity, MIC and MBC of manuka honey was performed by agar well diffusion as...
Nargis Bano and Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*
...differently in different systems. Drought stress is a major restraint for crop production in arid and semi arid states such as Pakistan. In this study experiments were conducted against the responses of strawberry plant to both pre-harvest application of salicylic acid and drought treatments. The design of the experiment was a factorial randomized complete block design (RCBD) with five water regimes (150ml, 175ml, 200ml, 225ml, 250ml) and five levels of SA at ...

Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali* 

...eproducible regeneration system from coleoptilar node of elite maize inbred line was developed. Regeneration from coleoptilar node circumvented tedious procedures of raising the immature embryos as a starting material for genetic transformation. Unlike immature embryos, the development of coleoptilar node is seasonal free and green house independent which would accelerate the work relevant to genetic transformation of maize. MS medium fortified with 3 mgL-1 BA...
Kashif Prince1,*, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Atif Prince3, Naimat Ullah Khan1 and Mumtaz Ali Khan1
...ctive and passive immune system if given before 75 days of parturition.
...
Prof. Dr. Saira Afzal
...lawless. The peer review systems are continuously being criticized, debated and updated. It may be open peer review or blind peer review, both have advantages and disadvantages. Open peer review is performed for scientific quality after publication. It is also known as transparent peer review and public peer review. 
...

 Zeenat Bano1,*, Sajid Abdullah1, Waqas Ahmad2, Muhammad Anjum Zia3 and Wardah Hassan1

...oxicity, the antioxidant system can be useful as an early warning tool in natural monitoring studies.
...
Saba Khalid*, Muhammad Saddique Awan, Riaz Aziz Minhas, Nasra Ashraf, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed, Nuzhat Shafi and Sajid Abassi
...ed into six study sites; systematic surveys were conducted at each site. Direct sighting and indirect evidences were collected from all these sites. Seventy eight bird species were recorded that belonged to 34 families and 11 orders. Passeriformes was the dominant specie. The habitat destruction due to deforestation, agricultural activities, infrastructure and land sliding and disturbances by the increasing human population were major threats to the avian faun...

Muhammad Anas1, Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Aqeel Sarwar2*, Raza Ullah1, Muhammad Khubaib Abuzar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Sohail Latif5 

...s scenario, the cropping systems which can meet the increasing demand of food, feed and forage are needed. Intercropping is an eco-friendly option for sustaining and increasing the productivity of farmlands. Therefore, a field study relating to sunflower-mungbean intercropping intensities under irrigated conditions was conducted at Agronomic Research Farm, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad during the spring season, 2014 in RCB design with triplicate run. T...
Semra Benzer1,* and Recep Benzer2
...he species in biological systems. Another outcome of this study is that crayfish of Uluabat Lake well accommodates itself to the ecologic features of the environment and so its growth features are similar to the values of other water systems.
...
Guang-Xin E1, Yong-Ju Zhao1, Yue-Hui Ma2, Ming-Xing Chu2, Jia-Hua Zhang1, Zhong-Quan Zhao1, Hui-Jiang Gao2, Huai-Zhi Jiang3, Di Liu4, Li Liu5, Yan-Bin Zhu6, Wang-Dui Basang6, Luo-Bu Danjiu7, Tian-Wu An8, Xiao-Lin Luo8, Shi-Cheng He7 and Yong-Fu Huang1,*
...of various physiological systems. These results provided helpful data to understand on the molecular mechanisms of dominant follicle selection in goats.
...
Lihong Qin1, Guoliang Zhang1, Chaojie Zhu1, Jian Wu1, Zhihui Zhao2,* and Yumin Zhao1,*
...luciferase reporter gene system were used to predict and verify the target relationship between miR-122 and DUSP4/PDK4, miR-449a and FKBP1B. Thereafter, comparison analysis was done on miR-122, miR-449a, DUSP4, PDK4 and FKBP1B mRNA expression levels in different bull testes tissues (1-day, 12-months-old and 24-months-old). In addition, genes mRNA and protein levels were detected after bull testicular Sertoli cells were...
Wanrong Wei and Weiguo Zhang* 
...ctal dimension of tunnel systems, number of nesting chambers and surface holes) by excavating the tunnels of 24 burrow systems of the plateau pika (Ochotona curzoniae). Pikas have two types of burrow systems, namely temporary and permanent burrows. The number of surface holes and length of tunnels were significantly different between the temporary and permanent burrows. Tunnel width...

Safdar Ali1*, Ghulam Abbas Shah1, Muhammad Naveed Tahir1, Shahid Mehmood2, Asim Gulzar3 , Ijaz Ahmad4 and Bashir Ahmad Khan5 

...cts of different tillage systemscombined with glyphosate herbicide on soil moisture content,bulk density and porosity associated with wheat grain yield were evaluated. Seven tillage treatments were applied in the fallow periods (summer seasons) of both years before sowing of wheat crop. These tillage treatments were (i) Once Mould board plowing followed by 8 cultivations with planker (1 MBP + 8 CS) as a check, (ii) No-till followed by twice application of glyp...
Faiza Ambreen*1 and Muhammad Javed2
...niloticusin a static system and then four sub-lethal concentrations viz. 1/3rd of LC50, 1/4th of LC50, 1/5th of LC50 and 1/6th of LC50 were calculated and fish were exposed to these concentrations, separately in glass aquaria for 70 days at constant laboratory conditions. Peripheral blood erythrocytes were taken on 14, 28, 42, 56 and 70 day of exposure for the DN...

Irfan1* , Arshad Javid2 , Muhammad Altaf3 , Muhammad Shahbaz3 , and Khalid Javed Iqbal4 

...ns and effect of rearing systems i.e. free range, semi-intensive and confinements were also assessed from 1st to 6th month of age. Total sixty (n = 60) experimental birds were divided in to three groups i.e., poults having age 4-8 weeks (10 and 10

Manzoor Hussaina,b

...l at which autosomal STR system fails to generate the DNA profile the semen donor in the post-coital vaginal swabs. Sixty two post coital vaginal swabs (x3) were collected from six volunteers at different TSI (time since intercourse). Out of these, 42 post coital vaginal swabs (up to TSI 5 days) were used to generate the autosomal DNA profile of the semen donor and twenty of the post coital vaginal swabs obtained at the TSI of 6, 7, 8, 9 and 10 days were not t...
Telat Yanik1,* and Irfan Aslan2
...y and to maintain the ecosystem of the planet.
...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Abdul Aziz Khakwani2, Sami Ullah2, Najeeb Ullah2, Abdur Rauf3 and Inam Ullah2

... justify;">Ridge tillage system is one approach to ensure better plant population, save irrigation water, cut cultivation costs and increases cotton yield and quality on sustainable basis. Field trial was conducted in 2013 and 2014 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan to study the effect of tillage systems [ridge tillage (RT) and flat tillage (FT)] and 5 nitrogen levels (0, 50, 100, 150,...
RuiHua Zhang, YongFang Jia, TingTing Liang, QianWen Yang, QiYan Du and ZhongJie Chang*
...n the developing nervous system. Their expression has been seen in neural stem cells as well as differentiating neurons. However, despite their importance in development, a relatively low number have been characterized for freshwater fish. In this study, we were able to gain three full-length SoxD sequences from transcriptome sequencing data of carp: CcSox5, CcSox6 and CcSox13 (Cyprinus carpio SoxD).These genes were ve...
Ozgur Altan*
...ingredient by means of a system called flash dryer has been researched. Before being subjected to drying and grinding in the flash dryer system, the FBP have been passed through the press and decanter, and it has been endeavored to separate the liquid part to the extent possible and to store them separately. At the end of the study, the fatty acids content in the liquid part, the nutrient content, amino acid and fatty acid p...
Yunjun Yan, Zhenming Lü, Tianming Wang, Yongjiu Chen, Jingwen Yang, Baoying Guo, Lihua Jiang, Changwen Wu and Liqin Liu*
...own protein synthesizing system. Seven of thirteen proteins, eight tRNAs are encoded by the plus strand, while the other proteins and tRNAs, as well as two rRNAs are encoded by the minus strand. Two (ND4 and ND4L) of the 13 protein coding genes of O. dollfusi began with the unorthodox translation initiation codon ATA and all others use the standard ATG. Ten protein-coding genes use TAA as the termination codon and the rest share the termination c...
Francisco J. Ayala
...ior; (2) self-regulating systems; and (3) the function of organs and limbs. On the other hand, the natural history of evolution does not require a Creator or a planning agent external to the organisms themselves. There is no scientific evidence of any vital force or immanent energy directing the evolutionary process toward the production of specified kinds of organisms. Even if a scientific account of natural history is open to the God question, it will take a...
Katherin Rogers
...fend Anselm’s more systematically worked out version of this solution. (My interpretation of Anselm is not universally accepted, but here I am more concerned with the philosophical plausibility of the proposed solution.2) I will explain why the Anselmian does not find Pike’s version of the “Basic Argument” for the incompatibilism of divine foreknowledg
...

Wang Jian1, Abdur Rehman2*, Noor Khan3, Wang Zhengjia4, Ji Peng-fei5, Xie Cong6, Muhammad Niamatullah Khan Babar7 and Raheel Saqib8 

Kashif Prince1,*, M. Sarwar Khan1, Muhammad Ijaz1, Aftab Ahmad Anjum2, Muhammad Asad Ali2, Jawaria Ali Khan1, Nisar Ahmad3,Rais Ahmed2, Aamerzish Mushtaq4, Sajid Umar4 and Yung-Fu Chang5
...h udder and reproductive system health (P<0.05). Dairy animals at milk producing stage, high milk producers, and animals that are not supplemented with extra concentrate were found to be at higher risk. Males are more at risk than the females. Present study concludes that almost half of the animals surveyed were deficient in selenium. Milking animals with high production levels and older animals require selenium supplementation.

 

...
Alptug Sari*, Ahmet Arpacik and Sagdan Baskaya
...importance of wetland ecosystems is well known, no remarkable effort for saving the Erzurum Marshes, was observed.
...
Bashir Ahmad1, Muhammad Idrees1,*, Kafeel Ahmad1, Dawood Ahmad2, Sajid Ali3 and Shumaila Bashir4
...microscopy and GeneXpert system during the study period (2015-2016) at the Provincial TB Reference Laboratory, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. Among the 794 patients studied, 170 samples gave positive results. Fifty-two Mycobacterium tuberculosis complex (MTBC) isolates were randomly selected for RAPD-PCR and PCR-restriction enzyme analysis. Mycobacterium bovis (M. bovis) and M. tuberculosis H37Rv were used as reference strains...
Yanjie Guo1, Weini Wu1, Hongmei Wang2, Xiao Guo2 and Yongping Xu2,*
... the female reproductive system is regulated by the coordinated integration of the nervous, immune and endocrine systems. The nerves that branch from the inferior mesenteric ganglion (IMG) are a major source of sympathetic nerves, which dominate the immune response of the female reproductive system. Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is an important Th1 cytokine and plays an important role in pregnanc...

Parvez Khaliq*, Muhammad Azim Malik** and M. Aslam Gill***

EFFECT OF CROPPING SYSTEMS, TILLAGE PRACTICES AND FERTILIZER TREATMENTS ON WHEAT STAND ESTABLISHMENT UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS
...e block design (cropping systems x tillage practices x fertilizer treatments) under rainfed condition, during 2000-01 and 2000-02. On the basis of wheat emergence (m-2) and emergence rate index, wheat stand establishment was significantly (P<0.05) higher in the fallow-wheat cropping system compared to maize-wheat, mungbean-wheat, and cowpea-wheat system. Tillage practices (shallow and d...

 Z. A. Soomro, M.B. Kumbhar, A.S. Larik*, M. Imran** and S.A. Brohi***

.... However, hybridization system, which exploits both fixable and non-fixable components, simultaneously, could be useful in the genetic improvement of yield and yield components in upland cotton.

...

 Aneela Afzal, Tanvir Ali, Munir Ahmad, Humera Amin and Samina Saki*

..., living in joint family system and having small land farms. A large proportion of the respondents reported that they remained engaged in cleaning of seeds, sowing, harvesting, weeding, etc. for corn, rice, wheat, sugarcane, and vegetables’ production. It is concluded that women’s participation in crop production extracted more vital role than their counterparts in rural areas.

...

 Abid Hussain*, Imdad Hussain Mirza and Muhammad Azeem Khan**

... household and sedentary system of goat production is practiced. The availability of feed varies according to the season. Goats in the region are under nourished and producing less than potential. This study was conducted to find out the feed supplementation practices of goats in the Pothowar region. Data for this study was collected for the complete calendar year 2008. Data sheets were prepared in Urdu and provided to 100 literate female household members bel...
Abul Hassan Faiz*, Fakhar-i-Abbas and Lariab Zahra Faiz
... long-term effects on ecosystem sustainability and productivity of vegetation.
...
Nazish Shaukat1, Muhammad Javed1,Faiza Ambreen2* and Fariha Latif1
...ic pollutants in aquatic system. These are important inducers of oxidative stress in aquatic animals, promoting the formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) which ultimately leads to tissue damage and oxidation of biomolecules. Aquatic organisms possess antioxidant system to cope with the oxidative stress. This research was conducted to see the effect of lead on peroxidase activity (antioxidant enzyme) in the gills and liv...
Qin Liu1,2, Feiwei Liu1, Xiuyue Zhang1, Nan Yang1 and Jianghong Ran1,*
... understand the breeding system and protection manage of this species.
...

Imtiaz Hussain*, Hassnain Shah, M. Azeem Khan, Waqar Akhtar**, Abdul Majid*** and M. Yaqub Mujahid*

Corresponding author:[email protected]

PRODUCTIVITY IN RICE-WHEAT CROP ROTATION OF PUNJAB: AN APPLICATION OF TYPICAL FARM METHODOLOGY
...ne of the most extensive systems in Pakistan and nearly three-fifth of this area falls in the Punjab province. The continuous sequential cropping has observed problem of stagnation of the rice-wheat productivity. The rational thinking urges to diagnose the problems of the area explaining the cause and effect scenario of the system. Descriptive analysis is conducted on the data collected from 29 representative farms, from 10 ...

 Muhammad Arifullah, Muhammad Munir*, Abid Mahmood**, Saifullah Khan Ajmal and Ghulam Shabbir*

COMBINING ABILITY ANALYSIS OF SOME YIELD ATTRIBUTES IN INDIAN MUSTARD (BRASSICA JUNCEA L.)
... using 8×8 diallel system for combining ability analysis. Data was recorded for seed yield and some important yield attributes. The results for combining ability analysis indicated significant general combining ability for most of the traits except plant height and siliqua length. UCD-8/4, KJ-119 and BRS-2 were good general combiners for yield related traits. A cross BRS-2 × UCD-8/4 showed best desired SCA for number of primary branches and siliqua...

 Mazher Abbas*, Tahir Mehmood**, Arshed Bashir*, Muneeb Zafar*** and Aneela Afzal****

ECONOMICS OF LALLEMANTIA ROYLEANA (TUKHAM-EBALANGOO) PRODUCTION IN THE LOW INTENSITY CROPPING ZONE OF THE PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...opulation. This medicine system originated in Greece and was brought to the subcontinent by Muslim scholars. However, the unani medicine currently practiced in Pakistan is vastly different from its Greek roots The study was conducted to assess the economics of medicinal crops in the low intensity cropping zone of Punjab. Therefore 80 respondents were taken from Karror Laal Eson and Layyah tehsil of Layyah in Punjab. Percent area allocated to Lallemantia roylea...

 Khalid Mahmood Qureshi, Fakhar ul Hassan, Qamar ul Hassan, Usman Shaukat Qureshi, Saman Chughtai and Adnan Saleem*

IMPACT OF CULTIVATION SYSTEMS ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY (FRAGARIA ANANASSA) CV. �CHANDLER�
....) Different cultivation systems were adapted i.e., standard growing media in polyethylene bags (T ), soil less media (T ), high tunnel (T ), green house (T ), 1 2 3 4 including open field condition on ridges (T ) by keeping plant to plant 5 distance of 30 cm and row to row distance of 60 cm. The study was conducted to evaluate the effects and suitability of different cultivation systems for better vegetative growth, product...

 Waseem Ahmad Gillani* and Mike Copland**

INFLUENCE OF THREE CONSTANT AND TWO RHYTHMICALLY FLUCTUATING TEMPERATURE REGIMES ON THE LIFE-TABLE PARAMETERS OF BROWN LACEWING SYMPHEROBIUS FALLAX
...ors in many agricultural systems. Life tables of S. fallax were constructed at 20°C, 24°C, 28°C and rhythmically fluctuating temperature regimes from 16°C to 24°C and 24°C to 32°C. Studies were carried out describing survival, reproduction and development of S fallax. Survival was positively temperature dependent. Sex ratio was not affected by constant temperatures from 20 to 28°C; however this ratio was affected by rhythmically...

 Parvez Khaliq*, Azim Malik**, Nasir Mahmood Cheema* and Muhammad Umair***

ECONOMICS OF WHEAT BASED CROPPING SYSTEMS IN RAINFED AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...w-wheat (W-F-W) cropping system was evaluated with the improved wheat-maize fodder-wheat (W-MF-W) and wheat-mungbean-wheat (W-MB-W) cropping systems. Two tillage practices, i.e. shallow tillage with cultivator and deep tillage with moldboard; and four fertilizer treatments viz., control (C), recommended dose of fertilizer for each crop (F), farmyard manure (FYM) @ -1 5 tha . The recommended doses of fertilizer for individual...

 Muhammad Zubair Anwar, M. Azeem Khan, Ikram Saeed, Akhtar Ali*, Shafique Zahid and Abdul Majid**

SMALL FARMERS PERCEPTIONS REGARDING IMPROVED FODDER AND FORAGE VARIETIES: RESULTS OF PARTICIPATORY ON FARM RESEARCH
...onent of rainfed farming system. Livestock rearing is also a substitute of crop farming and provide security against crop failure in uncertain weather conditions. Estimates reveal that livestock contribution into an average annual income of a farmer is about 40% of the total household income. Livestock feeding is a critical component of livestock management in the rainfed farming systems. The most binding constraints are: pe...

 A.A. Mengal* , M. U. Mallah, Z. A. Mirani* and B. N. Siddiqui**

AN ANALYSIS OF PUBLIC AND PRIVATE AGRICULTURAL EXTENSION SERVICES IN BALOCHISTAN, PAKISTAN
...ndents were taken with a systematic sampling procedure. The response rate was 82.67%. A detailed and comprehensive questionnaire was used for measuring the effectiveness of extension activities performed by public and private sector extension field staff. The results revealed that a number of farmers received visits from private extension field staff on a fortnightly, monthly and quarterly basis, but not from public extension staff during these periods. When p...

 Sajida Taj*, Muhammad Tariq Iqbal Khan**, Mazher Abbas and Arshed Bashir***

PRICE SPREAD AND MARKETING MARGINS OF CUT ROSE IN PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
... of the flower marketing system in Punjab, Pakistan. Based on cross sectional data collected from 34 farmers, 13 wholesalers-cum-commission agents and 20 retailers from main flower producing areas of Kasur and Faisalabad districts from Punjab province, the structure and marketing margins of producers and other marketing intermediaries are quantified along the existing two marketing channels for cut flowers. In the first channel the main players were producers,...

 Sajida Taj*, Akhter Ali*, Nadeem Akmal*, Shujaat Yaqoob** and Mubarik Ali***

RAISED BED TECHNOLOGY FOR WHEAT CROP IN IRRIGATED AREAS OF PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...r. The national research system is now putting their focus and efforts to manage the precious water through various modern/latest water saving models to draw some solid method of irrigation with less wastage. Raised bed planting method is also one of the modern methods of planting crop with significant water saving. The study was planned and conducted by the Social Sciences Research Institute, Faisalabad in 2011-12 to assess the determinants of the adoption of...

 Rabeea Tariq*, Khalid Mahmood Qureshi*, Imran Hassan*, Muhammad Rasheed* and Usman Shaukat Qureshi*

EFFECT OF PLANTING DENSITY AND GROWING MEDIA ON GROWTH AND YIELD OF STRAWBERRY
... to openfield production system. Planting density can be increased thrice by using different production systems. Studies were conducted to see the impact of different planting densities and media on growth and yield of strawberry. The treatments were T = Control, with normal planting distance of 30 cm x 1 60 cm and growing media silt, sand and farm yard manure (FYM); T = 15 cm 2 x 30 cm and silt, sand and FYM; T = 30 cm x 60...

 Abid Hussain*, Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Sonila Hassan**

PRODUCTION AND MARKETING OF CAMEL PRODUCTS IN SEMIDESERT AND DESERT AREAS OF PAKISTAN
...ment of proper marketing system and structure for camel products by involving camel farmers and other local stakeholders is recommended to benefit the local communities by ameliorating supply of camel products in local markets.

...

 Hafiz Sultan Mahmood*, Munir Ahmad**, Tanveer Ahmad*, Muhammad Azhar Saeed* and Muhammad Iqbal***

POTENTIALS AND PROSPECTS OF PRECISION AGRICULTURE IN PAKISTAN - A REVIEW
... agricultural production system by emergence and convergence of several informationbased technologies for enhancing profit and reducing environmental risks. These technologies have demonstrated to provide benefits to farmers as well as reduced environmental stresses in the developed world. Present paper provides an overview of precision agriculture and examines the potentials, prospects, implications, issues and relevance of precision agricultural applications...

 Muhammad Tayyab Mudassar*, Ehsan-ul-Haq*, Muhammad Naeemullah**, Muhammad Shakeel*, Muhammad Ashfaque*, Asmat un Nisa* and Javed Khan*

ECONOMIC REARING OF CHRYSOPERLA CARNEA (STEPHENS) (NEUROPTERA: CHRYSOPIDAE) IN INSECTARY
...trating the worth of the system. The goal of a mass production programme is to produce the maximum number of quality insects with minimum labour and cost. The maintenance cost of 100 Chrysoperla carnea adults was Rs. 192.38 per month, which included the labour cost of Rs. 152.38 and diet cost of Rs. 40. Approximately 4000 eggs per month were obtained from the C. carnea adult culture and the cost per egg was Rs. 0.04. This study also revealed that the diet cons...

 Imtiaz Ahmad Qamar*, Maqsood Ahmad*, Gulshan Riaz* and Sartaj Khan*

PERFORMANCE OF SUMMER FORAGE LEGUMES AND THEIR RESIDUAL EFFECT ON SUBSEQUENT OAT CROP IN SUBTROPICAL SUBHUMID POTHWAR, PAKISTAN
...egume sequenced cropping system gave overall higher yield of the cropping system. Inclusion of tropical forage legumes into the current cereal based farming system of Pothwar would not only increase forage availability to the underfed livestock of the area resulting in the increased livestock production but will also improve the N fertility of the soil. Potentially higher production of the...

 Ali Ahsan Bajwa*, Ehsanullah*, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum*, Wahaj Nafees*, Mohsin Tanveer* and Hafiz Salman Saeed*

IMPACT OF FERTILIZER USE ON WEED MANAGEMENT IN CONSERVATION AGRICULTURE - A REVIEW
... productivity of agro-ecosystems. Fertilizer use can influence weed emergence, weed persistence, weed dormancy, weed dynamics, weed growth and weed dispersion attributes. The rate, timing, type and method of fertilizer application affect biological trends of weeds. In conservation tillage systems, the interaction between fertilizers and weeds is very complex, and there are reports of positive as well as negative correlations...

 Naheed Zahra*, Hassnain Shah*, M. Azeem Khan* and M. Zubair Anwar* 

LIVELIHOOD ASSETS AND POVERTY NEXUS: A CASE STUDY FROM RAINFED POTHWAR AREA OF PAKISTAN
...gh efficiency irrigation systems, other water harvesting techniques being demonstrated in the watershed project could also improve livelihood in the area. Better utilization of available resources would also improve livelihood and decrease poverty in the area. 

...

 Arshed Bashir*, Fatima Ahmad**, Irfan Mehmood*, Muhammad Qasim*, Mazher Abbas* and Sonila Hassan*

ECONOMICS OF RED MEAT PRODUCTION IN PUNJAB
...ifferent meat production systems namely subsistence rural farms, small sized specialized farm and commercial farms. Four districts of Punjab (Gujranwala and Sialkot from rice-wheat zone and Chiniot and Faisalabad from mixed cropping zone) were selected for data collection and 76 red meat producers were interviewed. The results showed that commercial farms were dominated by cows while the small sized specialized farms were dominated by buffaloes. The mean age, ...

 Syeda Aimen Hadi*, Abid Ghafoor Chaudhry*, Aftab Ahmed** and Shaheer Ellahi Khan***

PERCEPTION, APPROACHES AND PRACTICES OF LOCAL FARMING AND DEVELOPMENT: AN ANTHROPOLOGICAL APPROACH
...conomical, and political system, shaped by the constraints and opportunities associated to the area. Effective and successful development projects must include the local perceptions, their approaches and practices, as the locals are the ones most representative of their issues and have the most workable solution to them. The traditional agriculture has completely been clutched into the nexus of modern farming methods, due to which they are being abandoned by t...

 Muhammad Mohsin Raza*, Muhammad Aslam Khan*, Irfan Ahmad**, Ali Ahsan Bajwa***, Hafiz Muhammad Usman Aslam*, Badar Ahsan Ullah****, and Kashif Riaz*

FOREST PATHOGENS AND DISEASES UNDER CHANGING CLIMATE -A REVIEW
...y altering the forest ecosystems. The present review covers the relationship between climate and diverse cases of forest diseases and potential shocks of climate change on pathogens and diseases. Biotic diseases, cankers, decays, declines, foliar diseases, root diseases and stem rust of pine have been reviewed with some illustrations of potential disease effects with predicted changing climate. The impact of changing climate on host, pathogen, and their intera...

 Ali Raza Shah**, Muhammad Saffar Mirjat**, Abdul Quadir Mughal***, Inayatullah Rajper** and Asif Ali Mirani****

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF DIFFERENT TILLAGE SYSTEMS IN A CLAY LOAM SOIL*
...nce of different tillage systems in a clay loam soil. A completely randomized block design with four treatments i.e., conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), zero tillage (ZT) and controlled traffic farming (CTF) was carried out to evaluate the performance of tillage systems. Results indicated that the soil pulverization was higher (P<0.05) under MT and lower under CT treatments while, it was nonsignificant betwe...

 Muhammad Nisar Khan*, Tariq Hassan*, Hassnain Shah*, Saleem Abid*, Irum Raza* and Saqib Shakeel Abbasi*

ASSESSMENT OF THE PROFESSIONAL TRAINING COURSE UNDER WATERSHED PROJECT AT FATEHJANG FIELD STATION, PUNJAB, PAKISTAN
...solar powered irrigation system, drip irrigation, sprinkler irrigation, micro catchment, rooftop rainwater harvesting and irrigation scheduling. Therefore, the project activities also include the training of the professionals from the line departments for the demonstrated technologies to foster the process of adoption. For this purpose Climate and Alternate Energy Water Resources Institute, NARC, organized a professional training on “Water Rehabilitation...

 Khalid Mahmood Aujla* and Abid Hussain*

MARKETING SYSTEM OF LIVE CAMELS IN THE DESERT ECOLOGIES OF PAKISTAN
...e the existing marketing system of live camels in the desert ecologies of Pakistan. Out of 220 camel farmers that were randomly interviewed for the study, during past one year sale of live camels was reported by more than half of the camel farmers. On an average two camels per farm mainly to meet urgent family cash needs. Mean ages of adult males, milking and non-milking females, male and female young stocks at the time of sale were 8.3, 10.8, 12.3, 1.8 and 2....

Sumia Bint Zaman*, Waqas Farooq*, Sidra Majeed*, Hasnain Shah*, and Abdul Majid**

ASSESSMENT OF AGRICULTURE SERVICE PROVIDERS' TRAINING ON WATER CONSERVATION TECHNOLOGIES IN POTHWAR REGION

 Muhammad Mansoor*, Noman Latif*, Zafar Islam**, Sher Muhammad**, Amanullah* and Muhammad Umair***

IMPACT ASSESSMENT OF SOIL AMENDMENTS ON SOIL CAPPING IN MUNGBEAN PRODUCTION USING CENTRAL PIVOT IRRIGATION SYSTEM IN CLAYEY SOILS
...central pivot irrigation system using different soil amendments. The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design, replicated thrice. Mungbean (Vigna radiata L ) variety “Dera Mung” was used as test crop. Soil amendments were carried out through pure sand and farm yard manure (FYM) in equal proportions and in three different application rates viz., 60:60, -1 45:45 and 30:30 kg plot and an un-amended soil plot was kept as control. The...

 Abdul Haq*, Anjum Shehzad**, Muhammad Ilyas**, Muhammad Ishaque Mastoi**, Abdul Rauf Bhatti** and Mian Inayatullah*

DIVERSITY AND RELATIVE ABUNDANCE OF CITRUS POLLINATORS IN DISTRICT HARIPUR, PAKISTAN
...t abundant species in ecosystem followed by sp. and . All calculated values of diversity indices except Shannon-H does not show significant difference. Shannon's diversity shows that Naseem Town is most diverse locality then Nikrian B with relative values of 2.213 and 1.136.

...

 Dilawar Khan*, Abid Saeed*, Junaid Ahmad*, Imtiaz Qamar**, Fazal Yazdan**, Saleem ud Din** and Muhammad Tariq**

ASSESSMENT OF RIPARIAN VEGETATION IN DHRABI WATERSHED AND CHAKWAL REGION IN PAKISTAN
...option for that land use systems. Dhrabi watershed is one of the areas where, there is a high potential for forage and livestock production. The analysis includes assessment and role of this riparian vegetation which is very helpful for integrated watershed management in different watershed areas. Dhrabi watershed is a catchments area of Dhrabi reservoir and lies in district Chakwal. There were 88 species reported in the study area. The five plant communities ...

 Zafar Islam*, Abdul Ghafoor Mangrio*, Muhammad Munir Ahmad*, Ghani Akber*, Sher Muhammad**, Muhammad Umair*** and Yaskina****

APPLICATION AND DISTRIBUTION OF IRRIGATION WATER UNDER VARIOUS SIZES OF CENTER PIVOT SPRINKLER SYSTEMS
...vot sprinkler irrigation systems for their water distribution, uniformity and tendency to recommend changes in system maintenance or repair. The main objective of this study was to evaluate existing central pivot sprinkler irrigation systems under field conditions at different locations in the country. The study was carried out to evaluate water distribution under central pivot irrigation ...

 Asif ullah Khan*, Faizan Ullah*, Sultan Mehmood*, Muhammad Irshad* and Farhat Ullah Khan**

ALLELOPATHIC EFFECTS OF JATROPHA CURCAS L. LEAF AQUEOUS EXTRACT ON EARLY SEEDLING GROWTH OF L. PARTHENIUM HYSTEROPHORUS
...uction into agroforestry systems. During present investigation, allelopathic potential of leaf aqueous extract was investigated on seed germination and seedling development of L. Extracts were applied at 25%, 20%, 15%, 10% and 5% as seed soaking for 8 hours prior to sowing. Phenolics compounds were found in aqueous extracts and were higher in 25% extract (52.72 mg gallic acid eq. / gm of extract). Higher concentration of the extract (25%) significantly decreas...
Muhammad Sharif1*, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Ansar3, Ijaz Ahmad4 and Syed Abdul Sadiq5
...ing conservation tillage systems for reducing input cost of small holder farming community of Pothwar, Pakistan. A two-year field study was carried out with a split plot design, having conventional tillage (CT), minimum tillage (MT), reduced tillage (RT) and zero tillage (ZT) systems in main plots,while residue retained (R+) and removed (R-)in sub-plots.The results showed that seedling emergence, wheat ...
Waqar Islam*
... and disease forecasting systems via inclusion of various models being utilized worldwide.  
...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Farkhanda Khan2, Muhammad Kashan3, Qadir Ullah4 and Abdur Rauf5
...ion in zero tillage (ZT) system is a highly resourceful mean of managing nitrogenous fertilizers and optimizing the nitrogen (N) use efficiencies, lint yield and fiber quality in wheat-cotton system. Therefore, a field experiment was conducted during 2014, 2015 and 2016 at Cotton Research Station, Dera Ismail Khan, Pakistan to explore N management practices for ZT cotton grown into standing wheat straw. The trial was conduct...
Youbao Zhong1, Xianlai Zhang1, Xiaofen Hu1 and Yong Li1, 2,*
... hedgehog’s immune system.
...

Anza Zahid*, Muhammad Ali Ayub, Mujtaba Saeed, Nasir Pasha, Abdul Jabbar Dar, Huzaifa Javed, Aimen Shakeel, Amna Nasir, Ana Akbar, Zainab Tarrar and Ayesha Humayun 

...courages our health care system to provide more awareness and obtain a deeper understanding of factors causing non-compliance. A positive relationship between patient and practitioners would positively impact on the clinical outcome of the ailments and their therapies. 

...
Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1,2,*, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza2, Muhammad Afzal2,Hafiz Salah-ud-Din2, Imtiaz Sarwar2, Muhammad Yahya2 and Khurram Shehzad3
...iles, different land-use systems have different community assemblages of macroinvertebrates. This study was conducted to determine the impact of different land-use types viz. natural (grassland, forest/silviculture, barren) and agricultural (lemon, guava, lychee orchards, rice-wheat crop) lands on soil macroinvertebrate fauna. Random sampling was done in winter 2015 and summer 2016 using monoliths and pitfall traps. Results revealed that land-used types...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,*, Sarfraz Ali Tunio1, Shaista Bano Memon1, Abdul Sattar Qureshi2 and Muhammad Aqeel Bhutto
...i> IM using API-ZYM test system. Out of nineteen different enzymes, S. dysenteriae IM strain was capable to poroduce nine enzymes, i.e., alkaline-phosphatase, acidic-phosphatase, lipase, valine arylamidase, cystine arylamidase, napthol-AS-BI-phosphohydrolase, β-galactosidase, leucine arylamidase, and trypsin. While, esterase, esterase lipase, α-chymotrypsine, α-galactosidase, β-glucuronidase, α-glucosidase, β-gluc...
Ewa Czerniawska-Piątkowska1,*, Magdalena Skibicka1, Barbara Cioch-Szklarz1, Jolanta Karakulska2, Karol Fijałkowski2 and Sonia Hiller3
...wth in different housing systems with regard to the assessment of microbial flora taken from the nasal cavity of animals. The study was performed on 28 calves of Polish Holstein-Friesian Black-and-White variety (PHF HO). The average weight of calves at the age of three months differed depending on the housing system. Individuals in igloo type booths were heavier as compared to the traditionally reared calves. The differences...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khuram Sharjeel1, Raheel Babar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Qamar Iqbal3, Rabia Rasheed1 and Nosheen Fatima1 

...ailures behind extension system and to suggest recommendations for improvement in extension approaches and performance of EFS through census study. The total EFS population consists of 155 people and 121 respondents appeared for interview. The non response rate was 21.94%. The analysis showed that training and visit program and demonstration methods were dominant approaches used in technology transfer. The mean of the results showed that low allocation of budg...
Ambreen Asghar, Tasleem Akhtar, Nadeem Sheikh*
...the metabolic and immune system. Present work was designed to evaluate the variations in serum protein level induced by fat rich diet. For this purpose, two groups of Wister rats were fed with diets carrying difference in percentage of fats. Protein profiling of treated groups indicated a marked increase in serum protein (related to iron metabolism and immune response) level compared to low fat-fed rats. Additionally, a decreased level of serum proteins was ob...
Jun-Ying Liu, He-He Liu*, Jie Kou, Yang-Mei Zhao, Ji-Wen Wang, Liang Li and Xiao-Hui Du
...r response in the immune system may contribute more to the TLR4 signaling cascade.
...
Waqas Ali1,*, Arshad Javid1, Syed Mohsin Bhukhari1, Ali Hussain1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain2, Hira Rafique1
...les in any particular ecosystem. During past few years, a decline in amphibian and reptilian species attracted attention of the conservation biologists worldwide to monitor herpetofunal diversity for effective conservation planning and management. Different sampling techniques are applied during herpetofaunal surveys and some of them might be expensive, time intensive and their effectiveness in different regions of the world are still debatable. Moreover, data...
Archana Naithani, Pongthep Suwanwaree* and Bartosz Nadolski
...which is an important ecosystem for the conservation of avian biodiversity. Many other areas adjacent to the campus also require attention for the inventory of avian communities. Therefore, a long-term database on exhaustive and intensive study of the North East Thailand is required.
...
Nanjing Zeng1, Guanhua Liu1, Sibiao Wen1 and Feiyun Tu2,*
...tly checked according to systematic analyses of species records from multisource. Fifty-seven species were newly recorded based on the previous study of 330 bird species. Six previously reported species were removed. We finally recorded 381 bird species, belonging to 18 orders 64 families, accounting for 27.8% of bird species in China; 205 species (53.8%) are Palearctic, 83 (21.78%) Oriental and the rest 93 (24.42%) are cosmopolitan. Ten species are listed in ...

Abdur Rehman1*, Wang Jian2, Noor Khan3 and Raheel Saqib

...e market risk management system to monitor the risk of major crops by introducing various kinds of products. This ensures the competency, accuracy and decreases significantly the cost of market risk management.  

...

Zakirullah Jan1, Shamsher Ali1*, Tariq Sultan2, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Zahir Shah1 and Farmanullah Khan1 

...ils have complex agro-ecosystems, difficult to manage. In early stages, the salinity affects the germination and emergence of the young seedlings and then the growth and yield of various crops and ultimately disturbing the socioeconomics of the farming community. Among the microbes, cyanobacteria are known as photoautotrophic, blue green algae which is not a truly eukaryotic algae and grown in different and such complex habitats freely and symbiotic associatio...

Madeeha Alamzeb1, Shazma Anwar1, Asif Iqbal1,2*, Song Meizhen2, Mazhar Iqbal3, Sara4, Muhammad Ramzan2 and Afza Tabassum1
 

...g of wheat under tillage systems (conventional and deep tillage). The experiment was laid out in randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement, having three replications. Tillage systems and organic sources were used as main plot factor, nitrogen levels as subplot factor. The results revealed that organic sources, nitrogen levels and tillage system significantly affected dry...
Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2, Sarfraz Ahmed Mian2 and Atta Ullah Khan2
...">Hydroponics production system is state of the art technology, ensuring round the year high quality vegetables free from any residual effects and multiple time productivity in specially developed glasshouses under controlled weather conditions during summer and winter. Rising population and stagnancy both in yield of vegetables and cultivated area of the country, are negatively affecting food supply in Pakistan. Supply of hydroponics products provides solutio...
Huma Naz1,*, Sajid Abdullah2, Sidra Naz3, Sidra Abbas2, Wardah Hassan2, Shakeela Perveen2, Moazama Batool1, Laiba Shafique2
...of pollutants in aquatic systems. 
...
Muhammad Shahbaz1,*, Muhammad Anwar Iqbal1, Arshad Javid2, Abu ul Hassan Faiz1, Irfan3 and Muhammad Irshad Arshad4
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Jamil Anwar2, Omara Naeem3,Farah Kanwal1 and Waheed-uz-Zaman1
...contamination in aqueous systems. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from various sections of the frozen mass and bacterial colonies were counted after proper Gram staining. It was found that more than 90% bacteria were separated along with freezing front and were concentrated in the centre in the case of radial freezing and at the bottom in case of vertical freezing.
...
Jun Chen1, Shuai Shang2, Xiaoyang Wu1, Jiakuo Yan1, Huaming Zhong1, Huanxin Zhang2, Weilai Sha1, Wanchao Zhu1 and Honghai Zhang1,*
...n Africa has a digestive system that allows it to absorb and digest large amounts of plant material through microbial fermentation in the hindgut. So far, there has been no study of the gut microbiota of the cape oryx. Here, we provided the first description of the fecal bacterial populations of the cape oryx by using high-throughput Illumina sequencing technology. We analyzed 100,180 high-quality sequences of the 16S rRNA gene obtained from fecal samples from...
Mingming Ning1,2, Yanjie Zheng1, Yuanyuan Dun1, Weijun Guan2 and Xiuxia Li1,*
...g and optimizing culture system abiding by the idea of simulating the chicken body environment, involving adding proportion of chicken serum and some growth factors. CAFSCs can be transferred to 34 passages nowadays. Surface marker Oct4, CD105, nanog, CD73 and SSEA-4 on CAFSCs are detected positive with immunofluorescence histochemistry, Gene CD44, CD29, CD73 and SH2 are detected positive with RT-PCR. We carry karyotype analysis out and find that chromosome is...
Nadeem Munawar, Iftikhar Hussain and Tariq Mahmood*
...estroy the rodent burrow system and may expose animals to increased predation by raptors and other predators.
...
Ali Zaman1,*, Abdul Haleem1, Sajjad Ur Rahman2, Adnan Amin3 Asma Saeed1, Sana Ullah4 and Naimat Ullah4
...us, vaccination, housing system, biosecurity and housing zones and non- significant (P>0.05) association with rearing system. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first sero-prevalence report of avian influenza (H5) in broilers in these districts of the province. Necessary measures are required to overcome the situation and improve vaccination and hygiene.
...
Bin Wang1, 2, Qianji Ning1,*, Qian Wang2, Wei Peng2, Tong Hao2,*and Jinsheng Sun2,*
.... In this work, with the systematic point of view, the subcellular location of 830 unidentified proteins were annotated based on the previously reconstructed protein-protein interaction network (PIN) of E. sinensis using the bioinformatics analysis method, which accounts for 91.9% of all un-localized proteins in the network. Subsequently, the molting interaction network was extracted from the global PPI, which contains 35 proteins and 32 interactions. B...
Yang Yang1,2, Yun Liu1, Mingxu Zhou1 and Guoqiang Zhu1,*
...t of quorum sensing (QS) systems I and II (QS-1 and QS-II) on Escherichia coli flagellin expression, E. coli F18ab strain 107/86 was modified to either express acyl-homoserine lactone (AHL) synthase (QS-I) or deleted for autoinducer 2 (AI-2) expression (QS-II). AHL expression and deletion of luxS (AI-2) both inhibited flagellin expression, as measured by motility assays, bacterial gene expression, and host responses to infection. The QS
Muhammad Shahid Saeed1, Adeela Shahid2, Samia Jawed3, Muhammad Akram4, Irshad Hussain Qureshi5 
...ry, general physical and systemic examination was conducted and all parameters were recorded. Modified Borg scale was used to determine the grade of dyspnea from 0-10. A total of 2ml of venous blood was taken to determine the serum magnesium levels. All patients were given Salbutamol inhalation and intravenous (I/V) Hydrocortisone. The study group was given 2gm of MgS04 intravenously in 20 minutes in a burette and Placebo group was given placeb...
Maaz Ahmad1*, Mussab Ahmad2 and Tehreem Munir3
...d clinical trial through systematic random sampling was conducted in Lahore urban community.After initial diagnostic investigations in 200 patients diagnosed as cases of FD fulfilling Rome III criteria were recruited after taking written consent and randomly assigned to one of 2 treatment groups (CP extract group or placebo) in equal number. A 7 days medication free period was observed before the start of trial. Each patient received the treatment for 6 weeks....
Taimoor Akram Khan1*, Anam Farooq2, Amna Farooq3, Muhammad Nasir1, Gohar Khan4 and Ali Akram Khan1
...lated to different organ systems presenting at first tier of primary healthcare system
Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted using Basic Health Unit’s (BHU) Outdoor Patient Department (OPD) database retrospectively in order to determine the age, gender and organ system wise distribution of various diseases. Secondary data was collected from standard...
Irshad Ali1, Mohammad Masood Tariq2,*, Abdul Waheed2, Ferhet Abbas Yousafzai1, Farhat Abbas Bokhari1, Majed Rafeeq1, Muhammad Ali1, Muhammad Adnan Attique1, Shahid Amin3 and Tahir Hameed1
...rameters, its production system, and survival in the existing habitat. The data on morphology and performance of 1020 Bhag Nari (BN) cattle were collected from Bhag Nari cattle Farm, Usta Mohammad Baluchistan during 2015-16 and its surrounding areas. Some distinct characteristics have been found exclusively in Bhag Nari breed. These characters are rare in other local breeds of the area such as tick resistance, tolerance against > 50oC temper...
Muhammad Sarfraz*, Shahida Hasnain
...13 to June 2016. API 20E system has been used to identify K. pneumoniae and E. coli; preliminary screening for AmpC beta-lactamase production was done by cefoxitin disc followed by inhibitor based confirmatory method. Antibiogram was performed following CLSI guidelines 2013. Of 11,725 clinical specimens, 29 % were culture-positive. 80% K. pneumoniae and 70% E. coli showed resistance to cefotaxime or ceftazidime. Only63% K<...

Muhammad Khalid1,2 and Muhammad Naeem2* 

...his species from farming system of southern Punjab, Pakistan is provided. 

...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...asses, and eggs per root system, the root weight, the final population of the second stage juveniles, and the reproduction rate were detected at the highest levels in untreated soil, whereas low numbers were encountered in soils initially treated with the fungus, L. muscarium. Meloidogyne incognita and other plant parasitic nematodes multiplied significantly more in untreated soil than in treated soil, which clearly indicated that L. muscarium ef...
Wei Meng1,3, Tianyan Yang2,*, Yunguo Liu1, Mahmut Halik1 and Tianxiang Gao2
...kii from Tarim River system (16, 677bp) and Ili River system (16, 667bp) were sequenced. Besides, their genetic characteristics were also identified and compared simultaneously. Genetic distance and sequence differentiation suggested that great genetic variation existed within species and the sample from Kaidu River in South Xinjiang might be a cryptic species or subspecies of G. dybowskii. The phylogenetic analys...

Raphael Olanrewaju Babatunde, Adeyemi Esther Omoniwa and Miriam Ukemenam 

...hment of mechanized farm system thus reducing the need for manual labour and improving the children’s opportunities of schooling. 

...

Ansaar Ahmed1, Imtiaz Hussain2*, Ibni Amin Khalil3, Subhanulla3, Gulzar Ahmed3, Imtiaz Ahmad3 and Muhammad Imtiaz2  

...igated maize–wheat system of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province that requires skilled labor, intensive tillage and more water for irrigation. In this study, zero tillage and bed planting effect in comparison with farmer practice on maize-wheat system productivity was evaluated at five sites in district of Nowshera, KP province during 2014-2016. Maize grain yield with bed planting and manual planting on flat surface were ...
Azmat Hayat Khan Khattak1, Abdul Wasay2, Tariq Ali1,*, Muhammad Iqbal1, Khisrao Kalim1, Mohammad Farooque Hassan3, Muhammad Mobashar2, Nazir Ahmad2, Abid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Nauman ul Islam1
... in livestock production system of Pakistan. Therefore, this study was designed to investigate the effect of different weaning ages on the growth performance of cattle calves to reduce ECM. Nine calves (Achai crossed Jersey) were randomly distributed into three weaning age groups viz., A = 90, B = 70, and C = 110 days. In group A, calves were fed with whole milk at 10% of live body weight (LBW) for 4-7 days after initial colostrum feeding at 10% of LBW....
Gokhan Sahin1, Ecevit Eyduran2,*, Mete Turkoglu3 and Fatma Sahin2
... (Combined Photo Voltaic system losses) were calculated. Estimation of global irradiation parameters was made through multivariate adaptive regression splines (MARS) data mining algorithm for multiple responses (Hd and Hm) with the support of R software program and the utility prediction equation was aimed to improve for further biodiversity investigations. To determine the predictive quality of the MARS algorithm, goodness of fit criteria viz. coeffici...

Asinamai Athliamai Bitrus1*, Olabode Mayowa Peter2, Muhammad Adamu Abbas3 and Mohammed Dauda Goni

...integration of a complex systems that included the efflux pump, alteration of drug target site, enzymatic inactivation and, mutation in drug target site and gene acquisition of resistance determinants through horizontal gene transfer. This review focused on the mechanisms of antimicrobial resistance in S. aureus. Understanding the concept of resistance development and transfer will immensely help in curtailing the global rise in antimicrobial resistance in bac...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2 and Mujahid Iqbal3  

... farmers was selected by systematic sampling technique using the available list of the farmers provided by Agricultural Extension Department. The respondents were than randomly assigned into two groups, one group was comprised of experimental group (to whom a set of advisory instructions were sent by mobile phone) and other was control (face-to-face). Two- population independent t-test was applied for comparison of the two methods of instructions. The results ...

Saif Ullah and Mohammad Akmal*

...fit well in the cropping system of environment. Combined effect of N, P and S on sunflower is essential to review. Field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. Nitrogen (40, 80 and 120 kg ha-1), P (30, 60 and 90 kg ha-1) and S (10, 20 and 30 kg ha-1) were compared in a randomized complete block design in three replications. Plot (4m x 4.2m) with six rows were made and planted at 0.7m spaci...

Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali, Liaquat Ali Jamali, Shakeel Ahmed Soomro*, Shakeel Hussain Chattha, Khalil Ahmed Ibupoto, Naseer Ahmed Abbasi and Noor Mehdi Qumi  

...venient and safe storage system

...
Lamiaa Elsayed Mokhtar Deef
...lar-based identification system which aids in identifying species. 
...

Yasir Ali1*, Muhammad Aslam Khan1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Muhammad Hussain2

...ficant threat to agro-ecosystems and worldwide food security. Semi-dwarf wheat varieties with major gene resistance could not continue for longer period due to emergence of new rust races. However, genotypes such as Inqilab-91, Bluebird, Kenya Plume and Hope developed in early part of green revolution retained their resistance for longer period due to presence of non-specific rust resistance genes. Until now, 187 rust resistance genes (80 leaf rust, 49 stripe ...
Yang Liu1,2,3, Baimei Liu1,2,3, Chenchen Li1,2,3 and Meiwen An1,2,3,*
...ing on scaffolds to form systems as: keratinocytes monoculture (KM), fibroblasts monoculture (FM), co-culture of keratinocytes and fibroblasts (KM&FM). Systems was treated with 3.4 kPa pressure for 1 day, systems without pressure was considered as control groups. The mRNA expression and protein secretion of supernatant were tested using Q-PCR and ELISA method, respectively. Co-cultur...

Amar Razzaq1, Abdur Rehman4*, Abdul Hassan Qureshi2, Iqbal Javed3, Raheel Saqib5 and Muhammad Nadeem Iqbal6 

...gh-efficiency irrigation systems (HEIs). The present study aimed to conduct the economic analysis of high efficiency irrigation systems in Punjab province of Pakistan. We also measured and compared the water productivity of modern and conventional-irrigated farms. We used primary data collected from 120 farmers located in Nurpur Thal, Bhalwal, Sargodha and Lodhran districts of Punjab province. These areas were purposively se...

Fan Shuli1*, Ameer Hussain Jarwar1,3, Xiaoyan Wang2, Long Wang1 and Qifeng Ma

...g Indus river irrigation system across nearly three million/ha and recognized as the backbone of the economy for the country. Despite the fact that Pakistan is overwhelmingly an agricultural based economy. Cotton cultivation is mainly focused on its fiber but cotton seed oil is significantly used as a comestible vegetable oil and makes major contribute in the national oil industry. According to an estimate per capita usage of edible oil in the country is 15 kg...

Bushra Qadir1, Muhammad Asim2 and Mohammad Akmal1* 

...adjusted in the cropping system for supplying green forage around the year. Nonetheless, its initial growth for stand establishment is a major issue. Treatments of the experiments were four alfalfa varieties (i.e. UCD, Dura, Vernal and Cuf 101) whose seed were treated with overnight in bio-extracts solution made of perennial tree leaves. The study compares early growth performance of alfalfa varieties for forage biomass production. The seed was soaked overnigh...

Abid Hussain1*, Muhammad Azeem Khan2, Muhammad Anjum Ali Buttar3, Umar Farooq4, Muhmmad Islam5 and Zahid Ullah Khan1 

...o diversify the cropping systems. 

...
Muhammad Babar Khawar1, Muddasir Hassan Abbasi2*, Zillay Mariam1, Nadeem Sheikh1,2*
...al changes in biological systems so there is a need of proper waste treatment prior to its disposal.
...
Muhammad Zahid1, Aneela ZameerDurrani1, Muhammad Ijaz1, KhushiMuhammad1,Muhammad Usman1,*, Muhammad Husnain1 and Nadeem Kamal2

 

...nimals in closed housing system were more affected as compared to open housed animals. When comparative efficacy of diagnostic tests was done then the results of RT-PCR was found significant (P>5), than complement fixation test.
...
Tahira Batool1*, Nabila Roohi1, Athar Mahmud
... by statistical analysis system (SAS, 9.1) software through factorial Analysis of Variance technique (ANOVA) and means were compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range (DMR) test. The findings of this study revealed L3 lysine regimen to be the best for improving the slaughter characteristics including weight of head, shanks, lungs, liver, gizzard, heart, and carcass yield comprising percent weight of breast and thigh. 
...
Amjad Islam Aqib1,*, Shagufta Nighat2, Rais Ahmed3, Saba Sana3, Muhammad Ameen Jamal4, Muhammad Fakhar-e-Alam Kulyar2 , Naimat Ullah Khan5, Mian Saeed Sarwar5, Muhammad Asif Hussain5, Asadullah5, Attaur Rahman5 and Sadeeq ur Rahman5,*
...d. Finally, age, grazing system, use of beta-lactam antibiotics, parity, and poor hygiene were potential risk factors. Altogether, the study concluded high incidence of SCM and isolation rate of staphylococci that were found resistant against most of the commonly used antibiotics.
...

*Nageen Fatima1, Sadia Murawwat1 and Syeda Ameena Rizvi1

EVALUATION OF IMAGE COMPRESSION TECHNIQUES: AN IMPLEMENTATION OF TRUE COMPRESSION ON 2-D IMAGE
...munication and graphical systems is used to minimize storage requirements and transmission cost. It increases transmission rate by decreasing redundancy of image data in either lossy or lossless compression means. In this research work, comparison of compression techniques is done using Compression Ratio (CR) and Bit-Per-Pixel (BPP) ratio as performance parameters. Image compression by Huffman encoding, Embedded Zero tree Wavelet (EZW) and Set Partitioning in ...

 *Muhammad Waseem1, Dost Mohammad Baloch1, Ghulam Khaliq1,
M. Rashid1, Qurban Ali2 and Mustajab A. Khan3

INTENSIFICATION IN BAMBOO (Bambusa bambos L.) TRAITS IN RESPONSE TO ORGANIC AND CHEMICAL NITROGEN ALONG THE COAST OF ARABIAN SEA
...esign (RCBD) with square system of transplanting which was consist of 3 repetitions contained a net field size of 4.5m to 4.5m. Experimental sites were 20 km away from the Arabian Sea with an altitude of 2m. The bamboo (Bambusa bambos L.) plants were grown with four fertilizer sources i.e. S = Control (0) kg N ha-1, S = urea (120 kg N ha-1), S = Farm Yard Manure (FYM 1% N), S = 0 1 2 3 Combination {50% N from urea (the recommended dose) + 50% N from Farm Yard ...

 Sumera Siddique1,†, Hafiz Abdullah Shakir1, Javed Iqbal Qazi1*, Amtul Bari Tabinda2, Muhammad Irfan1

Screening of some agri-wastes for economical cultivation of Candida tropicalis SS1
...micro Kjeldahl digestion system) followed by bagasse, mango, and apple peels with respective values of as 13.38%, 3.20%, 2.69% and 2.58%. Best growth of C. tropicalis SS1 was obtained in aqueous extracts of 2% WM peels and the yeast cells attained up to 33% protein content on dry weight basis. In 2% aqueous extract of WM, the yeast strain yielded maximum biomass up to 6g/L with corresponding absorbance(600 nm) of 3.49±0.05 after 48 h of incubation at 37...

 Tahir Abbas*1, Khawaja Raees Ahmad2, Asmatullah3, Khalid Pervaiz Lone4, Muhammad Ali Kanwal2, Sadia Suleman2

Reno-hepatic protective effects of Jambul against chromium induced anomalies in mice
...r) enhance the endocrine system and metabolism but its ridiculous use and bio-accumulation through food chain might be causing oxidative stress. That study was conducted to evaluate the protective effects of Jambul (Syzygium cumini) against Cr induced reno-hepatic anomalies. Male albino mice (Mus musculus) were equally divided (n=10) as C; control, Cr-treatedandCr-JgroupsreceivingCr+6 in the form of potassium dichromate (K2Cr2O7) 50ppm for 10days ad-libitum wh...

 Saiqa Andleeb* , Shaukat Ali

RNA interference; A tool for treatment of human diseases
...me vectors and inducible systems are available now to treat numerous disorders. This review paper provides the basis for further development of RNAi technology as a drug therapy against various human disorders.

...

 Shagufta Andleeb*

Teratogenic potential of pyrethroids: a review
...ous groups of animals in systematic way. On line available data interpretation through Pubmed Central NCBI, Google Scholar and Google was done to achieve the target and 122 references were found the most relevant in this perspective.

...

 Muhammad Moosa Abro1, Ali Murtaza Dharejo2, Muhammad Munif Khan2, Nadir Ali Birmani2, Saima Naz2*

Description of first record of Petasiger exaeretus Dietz, 1909 (Trematoda: Echinostomatidae) in avian host from Pakistan.
...ich was collected during systematic study of
helminths of Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger of District Sanghar, Sindh, Pakistan. Petasiger exaeretus (Dietz,
1909) were identified from the intestine of Little Cormorant, Phalacrocorax niger on the basis of morphological
features including pear shaped body, maximum width at testicular level, 27 head collar spines, long fore-body, well
developed pharynx, pre-acetabular cirrus sac, ...

 Abir Ishtiaq, Muhammad Naeem*

Length-weight relationships and condition factor for farmed Catla catla (Hamilton, 1822) from southern Punjab, Pakistan
...atla catla) from farming system. Mean±S.E. total
length (TL) and body weight (W) of studied samples have been calculated as 39.29±0.23 cm and 827.43±14.55 g,
respectively. For LWRs, specimens of C.catla were collected from fish ponds and grouped into three categories on
the basis of the feed offered to them which contained 15%, 20% and 25% crude protein (CP). The regression
estimates for LWRs were highly signifi...

Hafiz Muhammad Umer Qaisar1, Tanveer Ahmad2, Muhammad Rizwan3*, Muhammad Saqib1

Antimicrobial efficacy of combination of lincomycin and spiramycin (Lispiracin™) as systemic dry cow therapy for controlling bovine mastitis
... bovine mastitis through systemic dry period therapy,
present study was designed. A total of 20 dry pregnant cows were selected
randomly at the end of lactation and divided into two equal G1 and G2 groups.
Group G1 was treated with lincomycin@ 5mg/kg (IM) and spiramycin@ 10 mg/kg
(IM) (Inj. lispiracin®) at end of lactation and at 14th day pre calving while group G2
was kept as control. Samples of milk were collected asept...

 Siddra Tayyab Akhtar, Anjum Nasim Sabri

Twitching, swimming, swarming in biofilm forming strains in response to chemical and physical factors
...ronment of
sewage systems as well as flooding some specific chemicals, which disrupt
bacterial motilities and biofilm formation.

...

 Sobia Faisal1*,Qurat-ul-Ain Ahmad2, Maleeha Manzoor3, Madiha Manzoor4, Faisal Rifaq5

Socio-psychological factors related to tuberculosis diagnostic test seeking behavior in Pakistan
...ture was searched
systematically to find the studies addressing psychosocial factors affecting the
diagnostic test seeking behaviors of TB patients in Google scholar, Medline and
PubMed. The related articles had been reviewed for the period of 1998 to 2013.
Emphasis was laid to review all studies conducted in Pakistan however where
needed reference from other countries with similar socio-demographic
characteristics was...
Atiq-ur-Rehman1,2,*, Abida Latif1,*, Rukhsana Anwar1, Nasir Abbas1, Sajid Nawaz2 and Hamid Turab Mirza3
...ic/traditional medicinal system. It is used as a folklore medicine to treat diabetes. No study has been conducted so for to determine α-amylase inhibition for the evaluation of hypoglycemic potential of the plant. So, the aim of this study was for the investigation of in vitro, in vivo anti-diabetic potential and mode of action of various fractions of methanolic extract of the aerial parts of this plant. Various fractions (n-hexane, chlorof...

Muhammad Salman Wazir and Mohammad Akmal 

...se under cereal cropping system. Among the tested species sunflower and flax were not suitable choices as IC with wheat. The study concluded with the expected increase in rainfall of the changing climate in KP which is expected at the time of the wheat crop at anthesis, three N splits application i.e. NS2 and NS3 are the best options over NS1 for wheat crop in KP. Further, to adding that it minimized lodging resistant of intercrop over sole wheat and that whea...
Daniel Zaborski,1,* Muhammad Ali,2 Ecevit Eyduran,3 Wilhelm Grzesiak,1 Mohammad Masood Tariq,2 Ferhat Abbas,2 Abdul Waheed4 and Cem Tirink5

Muhammad Tahir Amin, Khalid Usman*, Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik and Nishter Ali

...wn under reduced tillage system (one tiller followed by one rotavator at 7–10 cm depth). Five irrigation intervals (7th, 10th, 13th, 16th and 19th day) and phosphorus levels (0, 50, 100, 150 and 200 kg P2O5 ha-1) were kept in main- and subplots, respectively in RCBD with split plots arrangement with three replications. Results revealed that irrigation intervals significantly affected all the parameters such as plant height, sympodial branches, seed cotto...
Asim Faraz1,*, Muhammad Younas2, Abdul Waheed1, Muhammad Yaqoob2 and Kashif Ishaq3

 

...emi-intensive management systems (SIMS). Twelve Marecha calves were randomly allotted to two comparable groups of 6, (3 ♂ and 3 ♀). First group animals were reared under IMS, fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad lib while in second group, calves were reared under SIMS, sent for grazing 8 hours daily plus gram crop residues ad lib. Twice watering was done in both the groups. At end of trial mean bo...

Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Muhammad Irfan Zafar1, Faqeer Hussain2, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3 and Azhar Ali Khan3 

...which are a serious pathosystem of wheat throughout the world. Some varieties were found resistant some were found moderately resistant while some were in susceptible response against the both rust disease. No variety was found to be resistant at all against the rust pathosystems. Correspondingly, in the results of yellow rust some varieties were found resistant and some were found to be the most susceptible on the record. T...
Muhammad Shabir Shaheen1, Shahid Mehmood1, Athar Mahmud1, Jibran Hussain1, Ahmed Sultan Jatoi2, Muhammad Yaqoob3, Sohail Ahmad1 and Arshad Javid4,*
...using different brooding systems was evaluated by using 720 day-old commercial broilers, 240 from each of the 3 strains (Ross 308, Cobb 500, Hubbard classic). All the chicks having uniform body weight were randomly distributed into 36 replicates having 20 birds each according to completely randomized design and were fed the same quantity of feed. The birds were subjected to 4 heating systems during brooding (Floor Heating, D...

Shamsher Ali1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan2, Zahir Shah2, Naveedullah3 and Abdul Jalal1 

...ts in the agriculture ecosystem creating major threats to crop productivity and, hence, affecting socio economic condition of the farming community. Growing of salt tolerant crop genotypes of species on salt affected lands is an effective tool for getting desirable productivity. A two-factor experiment using complete randomized design with three replications in pots having silt loam soil was carried out on April 03, 2016 to examine three maize genotypes (Iqbal...
Muhammad Huzaifa Mehmood1, Muhammad Ahmad Iqbal2, Muhammad Daood1, Muhammad Rizwan Tariq3*, Khubaib Ali3
...tion in backyard farming system in rural areas of Pakistan. The quality of meat depends upon the nutritious value, texture profile, taste and flavour. Mostly dieticians recommend rabbit meat due to low in caloric value then other traditional meats. To enhance the quality of rabbit meat oat is used as feed for rabbits, because oat is good source of dietary ingredients. In this study 2-4% oat seeds were used to investigate their dietary response. The range of oa...

Mehran Ali1*, Inamullah1, Muhammad Bilal2, Salman Ali1, Farooq Nawaz1 and Muhammad Owais Iqbal1 

...the influence of tillage systems and nitrogen (N) sources incorporation on soil physical properties, total N and maize productivity, a field experiment was conducted at Agronomy Research Farm, The University of Agriculture Peshawar during summer 2016. The design used was randomized complete block design with split plot arrangement having four replications. Tillage implements (mould board plough, rotavator, disk harrow and cultivator) were used as main plot fac...
Pingping Cang1, Mingming Zhang1, Guo Qiao1,Qirui Sun1, Dehai Xu3, Qiang Li1, Xinghua Yuan4 and Wenbin Liu2,
... zero-water exchange BFT system. The results demonstrated that weight gain (WG), specific growth (SG) and survival in BFT group were 133.94%, 1.20% day-1 and 90.0%, respectively. In control group with a 1/4-1/3 daily water exchange, WG, SG and survival were significantly lower than those in BFT group. There were no statistical differences in crude protein (CP), crude lipid (CL) and ash contents of gibel carp muscle between BFT and control group at t...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Tahir Amin1, Muhammad Riaz2, Zafar Iqbal3 and Fiaz Hussain

...interval in zero tillage system is more advantageous and adaptable in agro-ecological conditions of Dera Ismail Khan 

...
Zhen-li Li1,2, Hui-fang Zhou2,*, Bo-ru Zhou2, Bei Liu2, Xiao-fei Jiang2 and Jian-ya Xu2

 

...R signaling transduction systems induced by mifepristone.
...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Nosheen Fatima1, Raheel Babar3 and Ikramul Haq4  

... environment known as ecosystem and biodiversity. Any disruption in this balance may result catastrophic effect on the environment including impact on plant, animal and human life. Hence, efforts to maintain a healthy biodiversity through conservation are needed. Since the life is passing through the time of global warming and climate variation, new issues for farming community are on the rise. These issues are related to protection of natural environment and ...
Mehwish Akram1,2,* and Naeem Rashid1
...UAS-GAL4 RNAi system resulted in altered axonal projections of lateral neurons (LNv) towards the dorsal neurons (DN). Moreover, it was observed that lack of the potassium channels also caused a robust increase in sleep and reduction in the fly’s active period during the day. We observed that the normal circadian control of the morning and evening anticipation is also dependant on these potassium channels. The flies deficient in IRK1 channels d...
Tongliang Wang1, Lele Jia1, Xiaofei Zhai1, Jianguo Cui2 and Jichao Wang1,*
...ls and receiver auditory systems have co-evolved. However, studies provide mixed evidence, and in some species, this match is imprecise. Here, we analyzed the acoustic characteristics of male calls and both male and female hearing sensitivity in an explosive-breeding toad Duttaphrynus melanostictus to test the matched filter hypothesis.Male toads emitted a series of multisyllabic calls that were composed of single notes with a dominant frequency of 1494...

Ummad-ud-Din Umar1, Syed Burhan-ud-Din2, Muhammad Fahad Khan1, Ateeq ur Rehman1, Syed Atif Hasan Naqvi1*, Muhammad Asif Zulfiqar3, Azhar Ali Khan3 and Naila Ilyas1

...probable role of induced systemic acquired resistance in mungbean against Mungbean yellow mosaic virus (MYMV) disease. Exogenous use of Salicylic acid (SA) and Benzothiadiazole (BTH) as elicitors enhanced the resistance in mungbean plants by triggering the SA pathway. Induced resistance was assessed by evaluating the appearance of symptoms and detection of virus titter through ELISA. Different concentrations of SA and BTH were exogenously applied to activate t...
Zhiwen Zou, Jianfei Xi, Fen Chen, Rui Xu, Tianrong Xin and Bin Xia*
...prove the classification system of Amblyseiinae, the mitochondrial CO1 gene sequence of seven Amblyseiinae species, collected from four provinces of China, were sequenced, and another seven Amblyseiinae species mt CO1 gene sequenced were download from GenBank. And the phylogenetic relationship between the Amblyseiinae genus and the subspecies was studied. The results showed that four species of Kampimodromus and two species of Euseius clustered i...
Juan Augusto Hernández-Rivera1, Jaime Molina-Ochoa2,*, Luis Jorge García-Márquez1, Omar Francisco Prado-Rebolledo1, Rafael Julio Macedo-Barragán1, Arturo César García-Casillas1 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3
...en the producer choose a system crossbreeding in dairy cows always mostly contemplate only body weight, body condition score, dry matter intake, and feed efficiency. Is suggested to contemplate other traits like genetic potential, lactation (305 d), lactation number, fertility rate, and economic impact to observe clarity the potential of each crossbred in dairy cattle in the future.
...

Rehmat Ullah* and Khalid Nawab 

... set of toxins to the ecosystem and human health. To find out their toxic effects on human health and environment, the present study was carried out in the four districts (Dera Ismail Khan, Swat, Charsadda and Mansehra) of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa selected through multi-stage sampling technique. Furthermore, four union council viz. Band Kurai, Baidara, Khanmai and Baffa from the sampled districts were selected. A total of 384 respondents were selected through unknow...

Shakeel Ahmad Anjum1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza2, Sami Ullah1, 3*, Malik Muhammad Yousaf2, Ahmad Mujtaba1, Mumtaz Hussain2, Muhammad Jahangir Shah2, Bashir Ahmad2 and Ijaz Ahmad4 

...re zero tillage drilling system was adopted. Our study demonstrated that deep tillage is better option for yield enhancement under Faisalabad conditions. 

...

Ahmed Samy1*, Hala Mohamed Nabil Tolba2, Gamelat Kotb Farag3 and Ahmed Abd El Halim1 

...gypt reared in free rang system and sold in LBM mostly for restocking, that with extensive infection with PPMV represent a potential threat to chickens. Therefore, strict biosecurity measures and control measures at live bird markets, alongside the development of a vaccine may be required to reduce the risk of PPMV1 outbreaks. 

...
Kamran Zakaria1*, Noreen Munawar1 and Shafqat Ejaz2
... changes in the rainfall system. While, the calculated global wavelet power spectra showed variable frequencies, they presentedodd patterns (symbolized by A and B) that might be used to portray the region. Therefore, three sub-regions with consistentprecipitation patterns were recognized as: Region A (not apparent) and Region B (south and north part of the basin) and Transition zone (central portion of basin), having both the frequencies are identified.

...

Irfan Ullah*, Abbas Ullah Jan, Muhammad Fayaz, Amjad Ali and Atta Ullah Shah 

 Syed Turab Raza1,*, Zhu Bo1,*, Zulfiqar Ali2 and Tang Jia Liang3

...cium). A vermicomposting system using the earthworm species (Eisenia fetida) and treating it with cattle dung, pig manure and biochar with crop (wheat straw and rapeseed) waste was established in upland areas of China. It was monitored for two months. Four treatments (T1 to T4) were prepared using crop residues i.e. wheat straw, rapeseed and cow manure in different concentrations. Vermicomposting through biochar (Biochar 50%, rapeseed residues 20...

Salman Anwar1, 2*, Farhan Anwar Khan3 and Atta-ur-Rahman4 

...heir mode of agriculture system was subsistence and crude techniques were applied due to non-availability of modern machines and techniques. This was because of the remoteness and communication gap with the rest of the country. Therefore, this study is an effort to compare and analyze the impacts of KKH on the land use and Agricultural development of Gilgit-Baltistan before and after the construction of KKH. Results show a significant change in land use and de...

 Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*

...of the Poyang Lake water system, Jiangxi province, China. Spatial and temporal variations in population size were ascertained for this endangered species. The Xiuhe, Fuhe and Raohe river systems exhibited large steady populations, with the maximum size ranging from 25 to 68 individuals for each river. Restoration and maintenance of suitable habitats for the scaly-sided merganser is imminent as the species is at risk of extin...
Iram Maqsood1,2,3 and Ke Rong *1,2
...ce to be part of this ecosystem biodiversity in perspective future. China contributed greatly to conserve ecological and cultural roles of Chinese alligators and its sustainable utilization.

...

Bata Shalangwa Ishaku1, Batim Turdam1, Maimadu Abdullahi1, Waziri Ibrahim Anjili2 and Mayowa Olabode2 

...nditions, and management systems. The prevalence ranges between 25.9% and 47.4% across body conditions (p=0.001; OR=23.1) and was higher (52.6%) in males than in females (25.8%) (p=0.006; OR=7.303). The prevalence rate based on the source of origin of the donkeys did not show any significant difference but was higher in those from Yobe state (p=0.06). Lower range (21%-29%) of packed cell volume was found in donkeys positive for haemoparasites with a mean value...

Qaizar Ahmed1, Fida Mohammad2, Sheraz Ahmed2*, Sultan Akbar Jadoon2, Imtiaz Ali2 and Ajmalud Din2 

...d in full diallel mating system at the Tobacco Research Sub-station, Mansehra, Pakistan during 2007. Thereon, seven parents and their forty-two F1 hybrids were sown during 2008 and 2009 at the Tobacco Research Station, Mardan (plain) and the Tobacco Research Sub-station, Mansehra (hilly). Locations in each year were considered as independent environments: Mardan 2008 as environment-1; Mansehra 2008 as environment-2; Mardan 2009 as environment-3 and Mansehra 20...

Hafiz Umar Farid1, Muhammad Zubair2, Zahid Mahmood Khan1, Aamir Shakoor1*, Behzad Mustafa1, Aftab Ahmad Khan3, Muhamad Naveed Anjum4, Ijaz Ahmad5 and Muhammad Mubeen

...h efficiency irrigations systems (HEIS) are considered the most efficient technologies to apply water to the crops because these technologies use less irrigation water and produce more yield as compared to conventional irrigation methods. However, the most burning issue of these systems is their non-adoptability or low adoptability by the farming communities, despite their proven benefits. It was highly desirable to analyze ...
Bushra Siddique1,*, Muhammad Tariq1, Muhammad Naeem1 and Muhammad Ali2
... in diverse botanical ecosystems. Different chemical cues help to correspond in diversity of associations between prey and host plant species. Recent studies exhibited that the use of natural enemy is an ecofriendly measure to control pests. The Seven spotted ladybird beetle, Coccinella septempunctata play a prominent role in aphid management. It exploits several different cues released by plants to increase the efficiency of foraging. Aphid endoparasit...
Muhammad Ahmad, Zohaib Noor*, Karim Johar Khan, Waqar Younas and Ajmal Hussain
...mi intensive polyculture system by supplementing inorganic and organic fertilizers in the ponds. Fish were stocked at the ratio of 35:40:25 in both the ponds designated as group 1 and group 2. Group 1 pond was stocked with Catla catla (C. catla) a surface feeder, Labeo Rohita (L. rohita) a column feeder and Cirrhinus mrigala (C. mrigala) bottom feeder, respectively, while, in group 2 only (C. catla) was replaced with (...
Yuyu Wang, Gangchun Xu*, Zhijuan Nie, Quanjie Li, Nailin Shao and Pao Xu*
...ed in an in-pond raceway system (IPRS). Fish (initial average body weight: 35.68±2.12g) were randomly allotted to in-pond raceways (26.2m×5m×2.5m) stocked at two stocking densities (68 and 114 fish/m3, respectively). Fish were fed twice daily (08:00 and 17:00), and the daily ration feed was 4% of the body weight. No significant differences were observed in growth, digestive enzyme activity and antioxidant status between fish reare...
Sun Hong1, Zhang Yifeng1, Wang Baishi2, Li Yangwei1, Xu Wenbo1, Mao Runkun1 and Wang Zhenglong1,*
...fe underground in burrow systems, having to endure a hypoxic environment. In this study, we used the embedded artificial tunnel method in a natural burrow system to measure oxygen (O2) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentrations and the temperature and humidity in the underground burrows of mandarin voles in Xinzheng, Henan Province, China during the spring and summer of 2015. Our results show that 1) the d...

Abdur Rehman1*, Iqbal Javed2, Zhang Nannan3, Muhammad Niamatullah1, Raheel Saqib4 and Allah Bakhsh

...province and adopted the system analysis method to focus on the existing problems and to put forward the significant and the specific guidelines. The results showed that the Lang fang city is located between Beijing and Tianjin stands first in the comprehensive level of ranking for the development of agricultural informatisation and remained first in the ranked of index popularisation and application of agricultural informatisation. The Tangshan city ranked fi...
Hayat Zada and Ahmad-ur-Rahman Saljoqi*
...ly, in the said cropping system. Likewise, highest yield (kg/ plant) were produced by the plots having Apple + Trifolium intercrops (76.62±1.11), whilst minimum yield were attributed to Apple + Wheat (61.47±1.11) followed by sole (52.75±1.23). The results further confirmed that maximum yield losses (31.51%) were avoided by the intercrop Apple + Trifolium and gain in the yield (43.90%) over control was also featured to the same intercrop, w...
Syeda Ain-ul-Batool1, Sadia1, Kathrin Blasius2,3,4, Angela Kaindl2,3,4 and Ghazanfar Ali1,*
... in humans. It is a multisystem disorder and is principally described by visual abnormalities, con-rod dystrophy, eyes exotropia, obesity, polydactyly, hypogonadism, and renal abnormalities. Few additional features of BBS also include delayed motor development, clumsiness, anosomia, ataxia, hypodontia, hearing impairment, hirschsprung disease, cardiovascular and liver disorders. So far 21 genes are reported that cause BBS (BBS1-BBS21). A consanguineous family ...

Waqar Akhtar1*, Munir Ahmad2, Nadeem Akmal1, Hassnain Shah1 and Asif Ali Mirani2 

...overall dates production system secure low domestic resource use efficiency in the production of dates in the study area. Lack of modern processing and value addition technologies there is overwhelming dependence on traditional sun drying methods for processing of dates remained main source of low resource use efficiency of the system. Policy interventions needed to enhance the resource use efficiency in the production and p...
Zhengfei Wang*, Dan Tang, Xuejia Shi, Huayun Guo, Xiuping Chen, Daizheng Zhang and Boping Tang*
...the hydrothermal vent ecosystem. However, the genetic basis for the adaptation of hydrothermal vents crabs to the harsh environment remains poorly explored.The objectives of this study were to increase our understanding of the mechanisms of hypoxia adaptability in vent crabs and to confirm if there is a correlation between mitochondrial protein coding genes (PCGs) and adaptation to the extreme hydrothermal vent environment.Thirteen PCGs from mitochondrial geno...

Kamran Aziz1*, Aamir Saleem1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2 

Fatima Tufail1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2*, Khalid Abbas1, Laiba Shafique3
... reliable monitoring bio-system to recognize and predict hazardous effects of pollutants. Therefore, this study was done to evaluate the toxicity of endosulfan (END),deltamethrin (DM) mixture on hepatic catalase (CAT) activity of fish, Channa striata exposed to the sub-lethal concentration (1/3rd of LC50) for 14 days. The CAT was partially purified by using ammonium sulphate precipitation technique. Results of partial purifica...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Khalid Mahmood Mughal2 and Abdul Saboor3 

...lly efficient production system in the globe. Technological development is changing the shape of production systems all over the world. A Cobb Douglas type hydroponics production system was developed for estimation of production elasticity of hydroponics in Pakistan. Return to scale was calculated by adding all betas, which indicate the stage of production function of hydroponics

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3* and Balach Rasheed

...ms and proper irrigation system may be managed on new footings to irrigate more lands to achieve the ultimate objectives of economic growth in Pakistan.

...
Lusha Liu1,*, Lei Cheng2, Xingqi Zhang3, Yulong Li1 and Jianping Jiang1,*
...na paired-end sequencing system is of great value for identifying massive numbers of genic microsatellites in M. fissipes with high-efficiency. Furthermore, the described polymorphic loci in this study should be useful for population genetic and conservation genetic studies in M. fissipes and other closely related species from this important genus Microhyla.
...
Shujjah Haider1,*, Ayesha Maqbool1, Tariq Pervez1, Saima Parveen1, Arfan Ahmad2, Zahid Iqbal3, Javed Iqbal3, Shahid Mehmood3, Amanullah Khan4 and Sajid Umar5
...hasizes the need of more systemic approaches for the investigation ofMG distribution and prevalence in otherparts of Pakistan in order to design effective control strategies. 
...
 

Aftab Shaukat1,*, Khalid Medmood3, Irfan Shaukat2, Tauseef ur Rehman3, Muhammad Ahsan Naeem1,5, Ashar Mehfooz1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Zia-ud-Din Sindhu1, Shahid Ali Rajput4, Mubashar Hassan1,4, Saqib Umar1, Muhammad Ali Jamil1, Rao Zahid Abbas1 and Anas Sarwar Qureshi1

 

... P value=0.002), feeding system2=23.41, P value=0.001), floor pattern (χ2=17.98, P value=0.000) and hygienic measures (χ2=25.79, P value=0.001) significantly influenced the incidence of disease in the cattle of district Faisalabad. A. marginale induced statistically significant reduction was observed in RBC count, Hb, MCV, PCV and MCHC in infected cattle compared to healthy animals (P<0.05). Anap...
Riyadh S. Aljumaah1, Mutassim M. Abdelrahman1,*, Moez Ayadi1 and Abdullah H. Alyemni2
... the traditional feeding system of barley and alfalfa hay; Control). A total of 96 Najdi ewes, about nine months old, were divided randomly into three dietary treatments two months before parturition (Late gestation). Lambing percentage, lamb birth weight, lamb weaning weight and mortality rate were recorded. Blood samples were collected regularly during the different stages and analyzed for different important nutritional metabolites. In addition, colostrum, ...
Nida Zia1, *, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Umm-I-Habiba1, Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Zahid Iqbal6, Javed Iqbal6, Shahid Mehmood6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...urther detailed and more systemic approaches to evaluate FAdVs diffusion and characterization to design effective control strategies. 
...
Muhammad Waheed Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Waqar Younas2, Jamil Anwar2, Syed Mustansar Abbas3 and Shahid Bashir3
... pectinase) from aqueous system has been studied by applying novel concept of unidirectional freezing. To separate the enzymes from their aqueous system, directional freezing was applied horizontally through synthetic enzyme contaminated water samples, called radial freezing. After complete freezing, the samples were collected from various sections of the frozen mass and concentration of enzymes was determined. It was found ...

Rashid Iqbal1,2, Mathias Neumann Andersen1*, Muhammad Aown Sammar Raza2, Muhammad Adil Rashid1 and Salman Ahmad2 

... 4-5 days. For PRD, root system was split into two equal halves and during each irrigation event, only one-half of the root system was irrigated with the same amount of water as applied to DI, and subsequently, irrigation was switched to the second half. PRD irrigation significantly improved WUE (both photosynthetic and intrinsic) and instantaneous carboxylation efficiency of Rubisco than FI and DI. Higher Abscisic acid (ABA...

Zubaria Malik, Zahir Shah* and Muhammad Tariq 

...ttings. Keeping cropping systems in main plots and biochar levels in subplots. Biochar treatments were no biochar (T1), 20 t biochar ha-1 in each season (T2), 40 t biochar ha-1 in winter (T3) and 40 t biochar ha-1 in summer season (T4). Root samples of wheat and maize were collected at harvest stages and assessed for AMF colonization. Soil samples were also collected at the time of root sampling and analyzed for AMF spores. The results showed that neither root...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2, Rejun Fang3,4,*, Guochang Pan1,2 and Kangning Xiong1,2,*
...using the Ussing chamber system. First, four Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were sacrificed to detect the lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity of isolated small intestine at time on 0 min, 30 min, 60 min, 90 min and 120 min, to provide a appropriate operation time for Ussing chamber test. Then, a total of 20 Loman laying hens with similar weight (1.25±0.13 kg) were divided into 1 of 5 treatments: i) control group (0 ng/...

Sajjad Ali1, Atta-ur-Rahman1 and Sher Ali2* 

...e Geographic information system and remote sensing are used to detect land use changes. This study is carried out at three levels; initially the whole tehsil is studied for land use change analysis by comparing 1985 and 2015 Landsat images. Secondly, four sample union councils were targeted for medium level analysis. Thirdly, seven sample villages are targeted for micro level. The Landsat images of 1985 and 2015 are obtained from the open source Global Land Co...

Abir Ishtiaq and Muhammad Naeem* 

...Thaila) in a polyculture system was conducted. Four experimental diets containing graded levels of protein (15, 20, 25 and 30%) were tested. Triplicate groups of C. catla stocked in outdoors earthen ponds at 2000 fish/acre were fed at 4% of body weight, 2 times a day, for 180 days. The investigation was spread over three different sites, each providing four earthen ponds. The results revealed that the survival rate, mean individual harvesting weight, feed conv...

Mustasim Famous*, Obaidul Islam, Shameema Khatun, Mohammed Mustafizur Rahman and Tania Ferdoushi 

...done to know the feeding system, management practice, problems and prospects of turkey farming in different turkey farms of Sylhet district of Bangladesh. Data were collected from 6 turkey farms under the Sylhet region. The observation was taken of status of farmers, source of technical support, the turkey flock size (according to age variation), feed intake, housing system, feeding system...

Muhammad Sharif1*, Sadullah1, Ghulam Rasool2, Muhammad Nasir Khan1, Zubair Rehman1, Ahmed Khan2, Ijaz Ahmad3 and Khalid Hussain4 

...e an alternative farming system which improves soil properties, environment friendly and provide sufficient crop yield. Conservation tillage system is successfully practiced worldwide as a resource conserving techniques. Therefore, an experiment was conducted under the treatments, i.e. conventional tillage (CT), Zero tillage (ZT) and Chisel plough (CP) during the year 2016 at the field research area of Balochistan Agricultur...
Mahdi Khojastekey1, Majid Kalantar1, Jam Zaheer Ahmed2, Samiullah Khan3, Muhammad Altaf Hussain4, Rajwali Khan5 and Sayed Haidar Abbas Raza6*
...r an accelerated lambing system (3 times lambing in two years). A total of 289 ewes from 3 to 4 years old, with mean body weight of 50±5 kg and BCS range from 2.5 to 3, were randomly allocated between two experimental groups as follow:1) in control group 98 ewes were exposed to rams all year-round without any hormonal treatment.2) in treatment group 191 ewes were exposed to rams 3 times in two years by means of hormonal treatment. In the second group ew...
Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Umar Mumtaz1, Muhammad Zafarullah Khan3 and Abdul Naveed4
...re not active in farming system (above the age of 60 years) was prepared with the help of Field Staff of the Extension Department of district Sargodha. Finally, 425 potential respondents were identified from which sample of 120 respondents was randomly selected. The data were collected by using interview schedule. Descriptive as well as inferential statistics were employed for interpretation of the desired results. Significant association was observed between ...
Yating Cheng1, Wenlong Shi1, Xue Xiao2, Qirong Zhang2, Qihao Zhang1, Zhijian Su1, Qi Xiang1,2* and Yadong Huang1,2
...of rhP4H was tested in a system that contained O2, Fe2+, α-ketoglutaric acid and ascorbic acid. Liquid chromatography coupled with tandem mass spectrometry was used to monitor the hydroxylation of proline. The results showed that rhP4H specifically hydroxylated proline residues only in the Gly-X-Y structure but did not react with free proline. We hypothesize that rhP4H can be engineered to control structural properties of recombinan...
QihangLiu1,2, YueliJiang2, Tong Li2, Jin Miao2, Zhongjun Gong2, Yun Duan2, and YuqingWu2*
... impacts on agricultural systems worldwide. Research has focused on different techniques to capture large numbers of locusts to avoid such swarms. The exploitation of locusts phototactic response has been one such technique. The current study investigated the impact of different light wavelengths and intensities on the visual and thoracic temperature responses of locusts. Our results showed that ultraviolet (UV), violet, and orange light stimulated the visual ...

Asma Hassan*, Zuhair Hasnain, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz, Muhmmad Ansar, Muhmmad Rasheed, Ajaz Ahmad, Lubna Ayub Durani and Muhmmad Bilal Ali 

... and appropriate tillage systems are economically valuable for former depends on sufficient nutrient supply and satisfactory soil and climatic conditions. Moldboard plough (MP) (control), tine Cultivator (TC) and minimum tillage (MT) as main treatment, Crops sequence as subplot included were fallow–wheat (Triticum aestivum), (FW, control), mungbean (Vigna radiata)–wheat (MW), sorghum (Sorghum bicolor)–wheat (SW), green manure–wheat (GW)...

Nosheen1, Sajid Abdullah1, Huma Naz2* and Khalid Abbas1 

... justify;">Freshwater ecosystems have been contaminated with a wide range of pollutants. Heavy metals are important contaminants of aquatic system and can cause oxidative stress in fish. Evaluation of antioxidant in fish can reveal metal toxicity in the water ecosystem. Therefore, this experiment was planned to assess the acute affect of lead (Pb+2) on peroxidase (POD) activity in tissues ...

Muhammad Abdul Rahman1*, Abdul Saboor1, Gulnaz Hameed1, Ghulam Bilal2 and Farooq Tanwir3 

...tion of dairy production system in Pakistan under climate change scenario. Expert Judgment approach is employed to identify and then rank most significant CEHFs that are related to emerging security hazards to dairy system. These CEHFs are then stitched with existing body of literature to consolidate our findings. Results comprised key CEHFs affecting occurrence of security hazards to dairy production in the scenario of chan...
Rimsha Munir1, 2*

 

...n 2D and 3D cell culture systems. Two cell line models (HepG2; liver cancer cell line and HCT-116; colorectal cancer cell line) were selected that showed inverse proliferation trends under 2D and 3D cell culture systems: HCT-116 displays decreased, while HepG2 displays increased proliferation rates under 3D system. The presented data indicated that the proliferative capacity of the given c...

Turab Ali Kaurajo1*, Huma Rizwana1, Gulbahar Khaskheli2, Muhammad Haroon Baloch1, Muhammad Naeem Rajput1, Asad Ali Khaskheli3 and Mohsin Solangi

...if crops. The production systems were 45% of sedentary, 26.6% transhumant, 18.3% nomadic and 10% house hold. The age of 60% camel herders were found between 25 to 50 years, 28.33% between 50 to 60, 8.33% above 60 while 3.33% below 25 years. Incidence of protozoa were more common at study area. The age of puberty and breeding life were 3-5 and 12-22 years respectively in females. Duration of estrus cycle in camel varied from 16-22 days. Average hair production ...

Sanaullah1, Fazli Rabbi2*, Shahid Ali2, Zeeshan Khan3 and Muhammad Zamin4 

...ordable public transport system, and comfortable accommodation for the tourists. In the past few years, the development of this tourists’ spot has been neglected in the public development budget. Moreover, due to the war against militancy in Swat, the frequency of tourists was declined in the valley. As a consequence, the livelihoods of the local population were adversely affected. As public financial resources for the development of the area have been m...

Awais Ahmed Khan1*, Zafar Iqbal1 and Muhammad Atiq2 

...rs activated the defense system, by inducing the biochemical alterations. These treatments effectively enhanced the activities of peroxidase (POD), Superoxide dismutase (SOD), and total phenolic contents. Salicylic acid showed highest POD activity (8.4 U/min g protein), SOD (6.96 U/ min g protein) and TPC (3.21 mg GAE/ 100g of sample) as compared to control where POD (1.13 U/min g protein), SOD (1.46 U/ min g protein), and TPC (1.14 mg GAE/ 100g of sample). Am...

Shazia Akhtar1, Abdul Samad1*, Afshan Gohar1, Muhammad Munir Shahid2, Muhammad Ishtiaq1, Arslan Sarwer1, Adnan Khan1 and Karam Ahad1 

...ides residues monitoring system in Pakistan, a semi-structured questionnaire survey consisting of 40 sub questions was evaluated by interviewing the peach growers in Swat, Malakand. The current survey described the knowledge, behavior, agricultural practices and pesticides toxicity symptoms among the field workers. Over all 72 orchards from 26 Union Councils were covered. Data was analyzed by using SPSS 21 and sample collection points were presented on map by ...

Noorullah Khan1*, Farrukh Siyar Hamid1, Fayaz Ahmad1, Sabaz Ali Khan2, Imtiaz Ahmed1, Muhammad Abbas Khan1, Shamsul Islam1, Abdul Waheed1, Basharat Hussain Shah1 and Hussain Shah

...uation of seedlings root systems architecture and seedling growth attributes could be used to predict the field performance of seedlings. 

...
Huanxin Zhang1,2, Hongshuo Tang3, Jun Chen1, Yu Zang1,2, Xuexi Tang1,2,* and Ying Wang1,2,*
...es.
...
Umm-i-Habiba1,*, Ayesha Maqbool2, Muhammad Safdar3, Nida Zia1Altaf Mehmood4, Muhammad Usman5, Mehwish Sharif6, Amanullah Khan7 and Sajid Umar8
...urther detailed and more systemic approaches to study IBDV distribution for the implementation of effective control measures.
...
Romaan Hayat Khattak1,3, Hussain Ali1, Ejaz Ur Rehman1 and 
Muhammad Ali Nawaz1, 2*
...lation and associated ecosystem from illegal massive hunting. The present study successfully tested CMR method, and produced reliable and accurate estimate of the population, which could help in determining sustainable trophy quota.
...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2
...of open grazing/browsing system (OGS) and feeding green fodder in the stall-feeding system (SFS) as cut and carry system on the growth of male camel calves. Fourteen Marecha male camel calves were either grazed/browsed (n=7) on natural pasture and were offered seasonal green fodder (lucerne) ad lib in the manger (n=7). The calves were kept on these treatments for 4 months. Initial b...
Tong Feng, Zilu Zhang, Minghao Qu, Chan Luo, Laiba Shafique, Qingyou Liu and Kuiqing Cui*
...s cloned and analyzed by systematic bioinformatics. The result showed that the coding region of the MC1R gene of Nubian goat was 954 bp in length and encoded 317 amino acids. The results of multiple sequence comparison showed that the clones were 99%, 87%, 86%, 85%, 84%, 81%, and 77% similar to the published pig, cow, human, dog, sheep, mouse, and chicken, respectively. It showed that MC1R gene had a high conserved type among different species. The goat MC1R p...

Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,2*, Muhammad Ajmal2, Taj Ali Khan2, Zia Ul Haq2, Muhammad Shahzad Khattak2 and Abdul Malik2 

...ify;">In drip irrigation system, emitters are the key system components. The hydraulic performance of these drip emitters may affect the efficiency of irrigation schemes if not conforming to specified standards. The main objective of this study was to investigate the hydraulic characteristics including average flow rate, emitter exponent, distribution uniformity, emitter discharge coefficient of variation, and statistical un...

Saleem Ashraf1, Raheel Saqib2*, Zakaria Yousuf Hassan3, Muhammad Luqman4 and Abdur Rehman5  

.... However, the marketing system is criticised for inconsistent supply chain of citrus in Pakistan. This research aimed to bridge the research gap by soliciting intermediaries’ role in the citrus marketing process. Total 120 randomly selected citrus growers were interviewed face to face and collected data were analysed using Statistical Package for Social Sciences. Findings affirmed that middleman, processing factories and friends/relatives were the forem...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf2, Saeed Gulzar2 and Muhammad Akmal2

...s of subtropical pine ecosystems in the Himalayas. Data was collected through destructive sampling of 32 sample trees growing in subtropical pine forests of Hazara Forest Region, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP), Pakistan. Diameter at Breast Height (DBH) of the selected sample trees ranged from (12-93 cm) and height (H) varied between 9.50-40.10 m. Allometric equation was developed through testing different allometric models. The best fit model was obtained through log...
Dilara Abbas Bukhari*, Mehwish Faheem, Shamoona Arshad and Khalid P. Lone
...ral female physiological system seems to be more prone to damage caused by these diets as compared to male physiological system.
...
Nahed H. Ghoneim, Maha A. Sabry, Zeinab S. Ahmed and Esraa A. Elshafiee*
...ens between different ecosystems to avoid public health hazards.
...
Nafeesa Batool1*, Javed Iqbal Qazi1, Nida Aziz1, Ali Hussain2 and Syed Zawwar Hussain Shah3
...he preliminary selection systems for the field scale applications especially in framework of developing countries.
...

Dilawar Khan1*, Arif Ullah2, Zainab Bibi1, Ihsan Ullah1, Muhammad Zulfiqar4 and Zafir Ullah Khan

...uava cultivars, improved system of irrigation and adequate cultural practices. Strategy should be adopted to bring more barren land under guava cultivation. This would help to increase guava production in future. 

...
Nadeem Munawar1,2*, Tariq Mahmood2, Paula Rivadeneira1, Ali Akhter2 and Saqib Mehmood2
...s in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan do not manage wild vegetation on the field edges, and that may impact rodent populations near their fields. This study was conducted to examine the effect of adjacent non-crop vegetation on rodent populations in the Pothwar agro-ecosystem in Pakistan. Over 14 months, vegetation analysis was conducted using the quadrate method to record the vegetation around rodents’ active bu...
Tian-Yi Zhao1, Zi-Qing Liu2, Shu-Fei Ma3, Bo-Yang1, Fan-Fan Guo1 and Ming-Hua Duan1*

 

...s in the central nervous system, and can be considered for therapeutic application in AD-affected patients.
...
Chen Shi, Jianlong Zhang and Guanghui Teng*
...ent and data acquisition system based on LabVIEW, which automatically acquired and recorded the body measurements and body weights of 30 pigs during 90-day grower-finisher stage. Three body ratios between two each body measurements showed that the body length and width were the major parts of growth and development of pigs during 70 to 110 days old. The growth stages of grower and finisher were divided by three normalized body ratios. The exact agreement with ...

Masaud Khan1*, Muhammad Jamal Khan1, Shahab Ahmad2, Asad Ali3, Numan Khan3 and Muhammad Adnan Fahad

Abdul Kabir¹, Amjad Hussian Mirani¹, Jam Kashif1, Shumaila Manzoor2, Abdullah Iqbal3*, Ihsan Ullah Khan4 and Muhammad Abubakar2
... in different production systems of sheep and goat in district Nowshera, KPK. A total of 246 serum samples were randomly collected from three age groups (<1 year, 1-2 year and >2 years) of sheep and goats. Competitive ELISA was performed to evaluate sero-prevalence of PPR in goats and sheep. The swab and tissue samples were collected from the surrounding areas from suspected sheep and goats to confirm the PPRV. Out of total 246 sera, 144 (58.54%) samples...
Mounir R. Abi-Said1, Mohammad Al Zein2, Mohammad A. Abu Baker3 and Zuhair S. Amr3,4*
...Eagle Owl in the arid ecosystem in eastern Saudi Arabia is a highly selective feeder, hunting 1–5 prey items per day (mean±SD 1.77±0.96) mostly from ground-dwelling native and invasive rodents. Prey selection within this human-influenced area likely influenced by the availability and abundance of species and shifting to urban rodents.
...
Tasbihullah1, Sadeeq ur Rahman2,*, Tariq Ali3 , Umer Saddique1, Shakoor Ahmad1, Muhammad Shafiq4, Sultan Ayaz2, Hamayun Khan1, Ijaz Ahmad1 Asadullah2, Raheela Taj5, Hafiz Nidaullah6 and Alamgir Khan7
...isting animal production system in Pakistan, the issue has not yet judiciously been highlighted. This study was conducted to determine incidence of extended spectrum β lactamase (ESBL) - producing Escherichia coli in table eggs and human with history of close association with table eggs. For this purpose, a total of 200 table eggs and 50 stool samples from human were analyzed. Results showed that out of 80 E. coli isolates recovered from egg...
Mustafa Boğa1, Kerim Kürşat Çevik2* and Aykut Burgut3
...ification success of the system was 69.23% as a result of 6-Layers Cross-Verification Test which is commonly used in the literature for small datasets. In these datasets, it was found that 84 animals had GOOD, 39 animals carried POOR and 33 animals possessed MEDIUM milk yield. It was revealed that there is provided animal raising conditions by 53,84% (84/156*100); therefore, there is no professional farm management. Taken together, the finding show that there ...
Anila Naz Soomro1*, Hiroshi Suzuki2, Sadaf Tabassum Qureshi3 and Wazir Ali Baloch1
...ng the underground river system for migration.
...
Mehtap Bayir*
... the antioxidant defense system. In this study, the phylogeny, gene structure, and conserved gene synteny of sod1 and sod2 genes in fugu—a model organism—were determined. Maximum amino acid similarity identity was found between putative fugu Sod1 and Sod2 proteins and their orthologs from teleost fish and tetrapods. Phylogenetic clustering was seen between sod genes in fugu and their orthologs. Finally, highly conserved gene sy...
Gulnaz Afzal1, Ghulam Mustafa2*, Shakila Mushtaq3 and Amer Jamil4
...ll;">Knowledge about the systematic research is problematic, because distinguishing morphological features are difficult to use in identification of organisms. This problem can be inferred based on DNA sequences of mitochondrial Cytochrome C Oxidase subunit 1 (CO1). In this study, we distinguished five species of spiders using their CO1 gene sequences and compared them with 40 earlier published sequences, retrieved from GenBank on the bases of maximum s...
Yunfang Tian, Zeqin Fu, Jiantong Feng, Yahong Guo, Yingying Ye*, Jiji Li and Baoying Guo
... river and ocean current system influenced the population genetic structure of marine mollusk organisms via promoting or limiting planktonic larval dispersal. The clam, Meretrix meretrix, is an important aquaculture species in the coastal regions of China. However, the previous studies of genetic information about M. meretrix were vague. None integrated research to reveal the population genetic and structure of M. meretrix in China from no...
Asim Faraz*
... in intensive management system (IMS) and extensive management system (EMS) in Thal desert, Punjab Pakistan. Twelve male and female calves were divided into two comparable groups of six each containing three males and three females. The first group calves were fed concentrate @ 1 kg/h/d plus crop residues of gram (Cicer arientinum) ad libitum while in second group calves were allowed grazing/browsing for 10 h d...
Ali Asghar1*, Tariq Mukhtar1, Muhammad Usman Raja1 and Asim Gulzar2
... and egg masses per root system in response to both the pathogens applied individually and in combinations. Maximum numbers of galls and egg masses were observed where nematode was applied alone. Significant reductions in galls and egg masses were recorded where nematode and the bacterium were applied in combinations. At higher densities of both the pathogens, the reductions in these parameters were the maximum. The first wilt appearance was observed after 8 d...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Anam Sarwar2, Muhammad Junaid1, Mirza B. Baig3, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel4 and R. Kirby Barrick

... the global agricultural system, particularly for developing countries. Pre-service and in-service training becomes extremely important for Extension Field Staff (EFS) to develop skills and abilities to assist them in identifying and addressing the impacts and challenges of climate change. This study was designed to utilize the Borich Needs Assessment Model for assessing the existing competencies and the training needs of EFS in the scenario of climate change....
Mubashar Hussain1*, Misbah Younas1,Muhammad Faheem Malik1, Muhammad Umar1, Maimoona Kanwal1, Moazama Batool2
...gnificant role in the ecosystems by nutrient recycling and waste removal. The study was conducted to explore the distributional patterns of dung beetle assemblages on local scales. The sampling was accomplished by surveying grassy fields, croplands, old dung piles and fresh dung pats from selected localesofSialkot during 2016. Specimens were collected by hand picking and cattle dung baited pitfall traps. Sixteen species representing three guilds i.e. Paracopri...

Grigory Antonovich Nozdrin1*, Regina Gabdrahmanovna Utkina2, Anastasia Aleksandrovna Lelyak2 and Yana Viktorovna Novik1 

...ational safety standards system, 1976. 

...
Weihao Chen1,2, Zhilong Tian2, Lin Ma2, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun1,4,* and Mingxing Chu2,*
...is is the first study to systematically analyze the BMPR1B, BMP15, GDF9, Smad1, Smad5, and Smad9 genes’ tissue expression pattern in rams.
...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Sultan Ayaz1, Muhammad Subhan Qureshi2 and Farhan Anwar Khan

...n at the human-animal-ecosystem interface in low-resource settings in the central zone of KP, Pakistan. The surveillance, prevention and control programs of this NZD in the KP province of Pakistan is necessary because of the continual unrestricted movement of infected animals and the use of unpasteurized milk which might result in an increased spread of bTB to human population. 

...

Amjad Ali1*, Lal Almas2, Syed Attaullah Shah1, Hina Fatima3 and Asim Khan1  

...in returns, an effective system need to be put in place where cost of production might be considered while fixing sugarcane price. Also, there is need to keep experienced farmers involved in sugarcane production, because of positive relationship between grower’s experience and technical efficiency.  

...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Annamaria Passantino2, Ayman Balla Mustafa3, Nasir Ali Tauqir4, Naeem Ullah Khan5, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel6
... in intensive management system (IMS) by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was conducted at camel breeding and research station (CBRS) Rakh-Mahni tahsil Mankera of district Bhakkar-Punjab, Pakistan. Ten male calves of 310±35 days of age were raised in stall-fed conditions. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels as 18% (G1) and 22% (G2). Regarding roughage proportion lucerne and gram crop residues were fed. Daily ...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Anwar Saeed Khan, Said Alam and Riyasat Sultan 

...economic conditions. The system and schedule devised by the local population is based on indigenous knowledge and is for the better management of forests, grasses and agriculture resources. According to field survey, availability of fodder (grasses) at the pastures, ban on cutting of grasses and grazing in the village, management of land at pastures, refuge from scorching heat of summer are the major causes of seasonal migration. There used to be a time when a...

Umar Hayat1, Khalid Khan2, Saima Liaqat3 and Guo Xiangyu4* 

...the upgradation of water systems, farmers’ training, input, and credit accessibility to enhance spur rice productivity. 

...

Mubashir Mehdi1*, Muhammad Bilal Ahsan1, Burhan Ahmad1, Khuram Nawaz Sadozai2, Gulnaaz Hameed3 and Muhammad Asif4 

...e agriculture production system of Pakistan. Market incentives, vertical relationship management and increasing pressure for certified and standardized products has pushed mango farms in Pakistan to acquire certifications like Global GAP. Workers’ working conditions and their basic rights can influence on sustainability of mango value chain system in Pakistan particularly under the guidelines of LO decent work agenda. ...
Min Lv1, Hui Gan2, Zhide Ruan1, Huizan Yang1, Rui Wang1, Laiba Shafique3, Huma Naz4 and Huawei Ma1,
...ations in the intestinal systems increased as fish grew. Strong correlations were found between heavy metal concentrations in the intestine contents and suspended particles; intestine contents and sediment; and suspended particles and sediment, but correlations with concentrations in the body wall and other substances were weak. Positive relationships between feed provided and metal accumulation resulted from uncontrolled feeding. Poor water flow allowed uncon...
Yue Qin Song, Hui Zhong Sun* and Jun Feng Dong
... olfactory communication system of Y. signatus.
...
Murtala Muhammad, Ting Zhang, Siyu Gong, Jing Bai, Jiansong Ju, Baohua Zhao* and Dong Liu*
... evade the innate immune system was determined by whole blood killing, exposure to hydrogen peroxide, and biofilm assays. This study represents the first Report of S. iniae infection of Chinese sturgeon (Acipenser sinensis).
...
Sohail Ahmed1,*, Muhammad Waseem Saleem1, Abid Ali1, Muhammad Shahid Nisar2, Rashad Rasool Khan1 and Abdul Rashid3

Muhammad Usman Ghazanfar1, Waqas Raza1*, Waqas Wakil2,3, Imtiaz Hussain4 and Misbah Iqbal Qamar

...cal elicitors can induce systemic resistance against plant pathogens and insect herbivores. The plan of the study was to study induction of defense responses and protective effects against Phytophthora infestans (Mont.) de Bary and sucking insect pests of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) with application of salicylic acid (SA) and β-aminobutyric acid (BABA). Concentration of SA and BABA (2, 4 and 5 mM) were applied to foliage. Application of both resistance ...

Tingting Li, Shuangshuang Geng, Long Xie, Huiyan Xu, Aolin Luo, Pengwei Zhao, Huan Yang, XingWei Liang, YangQing Lu, XiaoGan Yang* and KeHuan Lu*

...ant roles in the nervous system and in the reproduction of spermatogonial stem cells (SSCs). To date, commercialized murine and human GDNF have typically been used for the in vitro culture of SSCs from domestic animals. However, whether endogenous GDNF is superior to xenogenic GDNF in SSC culture in vitro remains unclear. To answer this question, the buffalo GDNF gene was cloned and integrated into the PiggyBac eukaryotic expression vector, which...

Abdur Rehman1*, Sajjad Ahmad1, Ahmed Zia2, Asad Ali3, Kiran Shahjeer4, Abdul Latif1 and Taimur Khan

...xcellent indicator of ecosystem health. Current study was conducted in order to explore the dragonflies fauna in District Swabi of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. A comprehensive field survey was conducted to collect dragonfly adults using aerial nets. 19 sites of District Swabi were surveyed during summer seasons of 2015 and 2016. The study revealed 23 species from 15 genera under 3 families. The abundant family was recorded as Libellulidae that was comprised o...
Muhammad Tahir Waseem1, Abdul Majid Khan1*, Saliha Khalid1, Rana Manzoor Ahmad1,2, Ayesha Iqbal1, Muhammad Ameen1
...ent study deals with the systematic investigations of Boselaphine specimens belonging to genera Pachyportax and Selenoportax. The available information on both taxa is scanty and only few specimens are known for both genera especially Pachyportax. The members of both genera have medium to large sized body with strong hypsodonty of teeth representing grazing on coarse grasses and shrubs in the Late Miocene Siwalik habitats of Potwar Plateau...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1, Muhammad Umair1, Muhammad Kahlid Jamil2*, Masooma Hassan2, Komal Qayyum1 and Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi

...has no proper irrigation system due to its topography. Additionally, potential of renewable energy in Pothohar region that includes solar, wind and biogas has been calculated from the data, taken from different sources. Based on the analysis, it is estimated that the solar energy potential in Pothohar region is ~ 97321 MW, only ~ 126 MW (0.12 %) is used in Agriculture sector for different farm operations. Likewise, only 51 MW of wind energy is exploited from 6...

Md. Zubael Islam, Rukhsana Amin Runa and Md. Mahmudul Alam* 

...her in the stall housing system (56.52%) compared to the open pack housing system (43.48%). This study highlights the prevalence and potential risk factors of bovine foot diseases in certain areas of Sirajgang district. It is recommended that further robust studies are required to address the foot disease burden in lactating cows. 

...

Ghani Akbar 

...vity channel) irrigation system, low productivity of crops and horticulture, less productive livestock, large postharvest losses and lack of value addition facilities are the main hurdles in utilizing the full potential of agriculture for achieving improved food security and better livelihood in this region. Lack of government spending and less available research facilities are considered the main hindrance in agricultural development in this region. Therefore...

Filza Fatima Rizvi1*, Waqar khan2, Syed Mohsin Raza Kazmi3 and Muhammad Umer

...gh-efficiency irrigation systems are the most efficient way of water supply to agriculture which can provide better yield with minimum loss of water supply. The current study consists of a design simulation of a High-efficiency center pivot irrigation system on MATLAB. It is the most widely used software for simulation and design purpose which gives a more appropriate, simple and effective representation of results and User-...

Ghani Akbar*, Muhammad Asif, Zafar Islam and Shahid Hameed 

Muhammad Rasheed1*, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Ansar1, Asma Hassan1, Shahzada Sohail Ijaz2, Muhammad Hussain Shah4 and Muhammad Arshadullah

...ge based double cropping system is essential for the sustainable development of Pothowar region. Field experiment was conducted to evaluate forage growth and yield of oats (Avena sativa) and vetch (Vicia sativa) grown in mixture stands under conservation and conventional tillage systems. The highest number of tillers plant-1 (11) for Oats was recorded in oats-vetch mixture under conventional tillage (CT) while comparing min...
Hina Nazli, Abida Butt*
...sect pests in the agroecosystem. The present study was designed to assess and compare acute and residual toxicity of two insecticides i.e Spiromesifen and Thiamethoxam on the lynx spider Oxyopes javanus Thorell, 1887 under laboratory conditions. The field rate of both insecticides caused approximately 50% mortality in the population of O. javanus. Toxicity data showed that these insecticides are slightly harmful ( caused < 80% mo...
Imad Hassan1, Bilal-ur-Rehman2, Muhammad Amir2, Faheem Ali2*, Salman Ilahi2 and Amjad Ali3 
...a effect. The filtration system proposed in this paper shows the ability of an efficient tool for controlling the flow of particulate pollutant matter from biomass combustion under particular conditions.
...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2*, Fiaz Hussain2, Muhammad Umair2, Waqas Aslam2, Muhammad Ameen4, Muhammad Adnan Islam3 and Muhammad Sheraz2 

 

...ect of four soil tillage systems on main crop peanut and wheat + second crop peanut in order to evaluate crop yield, fuel consumption and to perform economic analysis. Two years study results showed that the main crop peanut yields changed between 4331.0 kg ha-1 and 5486.6 kg ha-1, while second crop peanut yields changed between 2670.6 kg ha-1 and 3388.8 kg ha-1. The highest yield for main crop and crop peanut under different tillage methods was 2097.8 kg ha-1...

 Abdus Salam* and Muhammad Zafarullah Khan

...erall extension delivery system, so agriculture extension department may establish a formal structure to initiate free SMS and voice message service in the easiest and understandable languages for increasing overall coverage of the extension delivery.

...

Abdul Raqeeb1,3, Syed Moazzam Nizami2,4*, Aamir Saleem3, Lubna Ansari3, Saeed Gulzar3, Basit Ali3, Masooma Saleem5
 

...for a specific forest ecosystem is of utmost importance. In the present study volume and biomass allometric of naturally growing Cedrus deodara tree in dry temperate regions of Himalaya has been developed from the empirical data collected from four different locations with three sites each as representative of its naturally growing area. Destructive sampling including excavation of roots was carried for overall 60 trees. The results revealed generic equations ...

Sahibzada Abdur Rehman Abid1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Asma Gul3, Nasir Ahmad1 

PASHTO OPTICAL CHARACTER RECOGNITION USING NEURAL NETWORK
...al Character Recognition system for printed/scanned Pashto continuous text is presented.
The proposed Pashto optical character recognition system uses a Feed Forward Neural Network (FFNN), consisting
of an input layer, a hidden layer and an output layer. The input layer is composed of 315 neurons, which receive the
pixels data i.e. binary data from a 21x15 symbol pixel matrix. The hidden layer contains 2...

Muhammad Farooq1, Shahid Bashir1*, Irshad Ullah1, Muhammad Nadeem1 

FREQUENCY AND POLARIZATION RECONFIGURABLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA
... wireless communication systems.

...

Muhammad Ismail1, Shahid Maqsood1*, Abdul Shakoor2, Feroz Shah2 

DESIGN AND COST ANALYSIS OF MOLD MAKING FACILTY AT GHANI GLASS INDUSTRY: A CASE STUDY

Naveed ul Hasan Syed*1, Qurat-ul-Ain1, Muddasar Habib1, Naseer Ahmed Khan1, Sultan Ali1 

A SYSTEMATIC STUDY OF THE INFLUENCE OF PROCESS VARIABLES ON THE OVERALL HEAT TRANSFER COEFFICIENT IN A SHELL AND TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER
...was found. 

...

Mujahid Khan1*, Mohammad Tufail2, Muhammad Fahad1, Hazi Muhammad Azmathullah3, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam1, Fayaz Ahmad Khan4, Asif Khan5 

EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BRIDGE PIER SCOUR PATTERN
...nent of a transportation system, bridge piers needs to be properly designed for scouring
around its piers. For proper design of bridge piers, appropriate investigation of scouring patterns is extremely
important for various sizes and shapes of such piers. Without having research based knowledge of such patterns,
it becomes extremely difficult to predict/minimize the scouring effects ultimately leading to severe pier damages. In
this...

Zulfiqar Ali Soomro1* 

NOISE CONTROL FILTRATION OF LATERAL AND YAW DYNAMICS FOR RAILWAY VEHICLE WHEELSET ON TRACK
...f fuzzy
inference system through applicable member functions.

...

Sahib Khan1, Muhammad Naeem2, Tawab Khan3, Nasir Ahmad4* 

4LSB BASED DATA HIDING IN COMPLEX REGION OF DIGITAL IMAGES AND ITS EFFECTS ON EDGES AND HISTOGRAM
...ensitive to human visual system (HVS) in term of
changes than smooth region. The data hiding in the complex regions affect the edges and the histogram of the image.
These two may cause the existence of hidden information to be detected. In this paper, the effect on image edges
and histogram is investigated when subjected to true edge based 4 least significant bits (4LSB) steganography. The
true edge based 4LSB steganography techniqu...

 M. Ihsan Ul Haq1, Ahmad Hussain2*, Farzana Yasmeen3, Shafiq R. Qureshi4

LIFE CYCLE COSTING AND PAYBACK PERIOD EVALUATION OF A SOLAR THERMAL DESALINATION SYSTEM
...f condensation make this system a sustainable option for desalination. In this paper, economic analysis
of the solar thermal desalination system of saline water is presented. The unit cost of desalinated water is found to
be US$ 0.0147 per litre. The energy and emission payback (EEP) period for vacuum chamber and solar collector
has also been presented. The energy payback period of solar collector and va...

Naseem Ahmad1, Sahar Noor1, Rehman Akhtar1*, Misbah Ullah1, Khizar Azam2 

PERFORMANCE IMPROVEMENT OF COMPRESSOR TO RECOVER FLARE GAS USING DESIGN OF EXPERIMENT TECHNIQUES
...essor
compression system. The suggested equipped factors guide to enhance the recuperate of low pressure burn gas and
the proposed approach of the performance parameters guide to cost effective taking out the low pressure flare gas
minimizes harmful environmental impacts and achieve financial benefits. 

...

 Waqas Javaid1*, Adnan Tariq1, Iftikhar Hussain2, Sahar Noor2

AN EVOLUTIONARY APPROACH FOR CMS DESIGN
... efficient manufacturing systems
in the case of medium variety and medium volume of production. The main advantage of CMS lies in the effective
grouping of parts into families and machines in to corresponding groups as it results in minimizing the number of
intercellular moves. Over the years, a number of efficient approaches have been developed by researchers to handle
the Cell Formation Problem (CFP). Among these, a large number o...

Razaullah1*, Iftikhar Hussain1 

A TWO-WAREHOUSE SUPPLY CHAIN NETWORK DESIGN AND OPTIMIZATION WITH CROSS-ROUTE COSTS AND BUDGET, MAXIMUM FLOW AND CAPACITY CONSTRAINTS
...ciency. In this paper, a systematic
approach is presented for the facility placement, optimal production planning and product transportation across
network arcs. An optimization formulation is developed for the determination of production size, locations of network
nodes and optimal supply chain. The objective function considered the minimization of transportation cost, production
cost and the operational costs for the facilities. T...

Waqas, A. Imtiaz1, Yousaf Khan1, Syed Waqar Shah2 

COST VERSUS RELIABILITY ANALYSIS OF NEW TREE-BASED HYBRID PROTECTION ARCHITECTURE FOR OPTICAL CODE DIVISION MULTIPLE ACCESS SYSTEM
... multiple access (OCDMA) system for passive optical network (PON) has
limited applications in providing protection to network components. This increases the overall downtime of PON, and
reduce its feasibility for deployment at the access domain. Therefore, it is imperative to design an economical system
that should be able to provide fault detection and restoration at both feeder and the distribution lev...

Bibi Safia Haq1,2, Shahnaz Attaullah3, Abdul Shakoor4, Hidayat Ullah Khan5, Khan Alam5, Kausar Shaheen1 

CHARACTERISTICS AND EFFICACY OF ULTRAFAST LASER PULSES FOR BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
...s. The femtosecond laser system was also used to fabricate a bricks and mortar structure in
keratin films to investigate skin structures for different cream absorption. The laser characterised here is Spectra
Physics, Hurricane X. This is a complex laser system consisting of a seed laser and a regenerative amplifier. It is
important to have knowledge of these characteristics to be able to predict the tra...

Misbah Ullah1, Rehman Akhtar1, Sikandar Bilal Khattak1, Khawar Naeem1 

CYCLE TIME OPTIMIZATION FOR IMPERFECT MANUFACTURING SETUP FOCUSING WORK-IN-PROCESS INVENTORY
...optimized based on total system cost minimization. Numerical example is also used to illustrate
the impact of the developed model as compared to the previously developed model. The impact of work-in-process
inventory and processes imperfection on optimum cycle time is highlighted by an example. 

...

Ghani Akbar1, Muhammad Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghafoor1, Matiullah Khan1, Zafar Islam1 

IRRIGATION EFFICIENCIES POTENTIAL UNDER SURFACE IRRIGATED FARMS IN PAKISTAN
...ional surface irrigation systems, border, level basin and furrow bed, are inherently inefficient in Pakistan,
while the suboptimal field sizes (length and width) are considered as one of the main reasons of poor performance.
Addressing these issues, the three surface irrigation systems were evaluated on thirteen fields under routine farmer
management in Pakistan. Irrigation performance including applicat...

Shabana Rafique1, Shahnaz Parveen Khattak1, Tanveer Hussain2, Faiza Tauqeer1, Bashir Ahmad3 

EVALUATION OF FLEXURAL RIGIDITY AND ABRASION RESISTANCE OF POST AND META-FINISHED PIGMENT DYED P/C FABRICS
... the pigment colouration system in conjunction with functional finishing
treatments for polyester/cotton (P/C) blended fabrics; further to assess its effect on flexural rigidity and abrasion
resistance. The simultaneous finishing and pigment dyeing is more economical than conventional method, since, more
energy can be conserved by using same machinery for dyeing, finishing, drying and curing. Furthermore, elimination
of post wash tr...

Rahim Haider*, Al Mustaan Kakar*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Aamir Sikandar* 

DEVELOPMENT OF OPTIMIZED MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR VEHICLE FLEET
...h proposed a maintenance system that integrates the
flow of information by incorporating different maintenance strategies. The analysis is carried out on the basis of
likelihood of the failures. Five Why Analysis is used to identify the root cause. The model incorporates the inspection
method by using checklists and maintenance schedules. The system is capable to provide the basis for an advance
<...

Anwar Ullah*, Sabir Islam*, Sikandar Bilal Khattak*, Safi Ur Rahman**, Shahid Maqsood*, Misbah Ullah*, Rehman Akhtar*, Rashid Nawaz* 

MAINTENANCE SYSTEM FOR HEAVY EARTH MOVING EQUIPMENT
...rd keeping
and un-systemized maintenance procedures leads to reducing the machine effective life cycle. To avoid catastrophic
losses in production and, market share, a maintenance model for such equipment is developed. Heavy equipment
availability is mandatory on site. Their movement is critical and usually limited. The data collected includes both
manufacturer and operator requirement. Usually such equipment is treated as normal ma...

Hassan Nasir*, Rashid Rehan,** Rizwan Younis,*** Fazal Mabood,**** Salman Saeed,**, Muhammad Sagheer Aslam** 

MACHINERY SELECTION FOR DEMOLITION AND RECYCLING OF PAVEMENTS: A SIMULATION-BASED TOOL
...tool based on the
system dynamics methodology to help the construction manager in investigating the cost and duration implications of
various combinations of machinery items. Utility of the developed model is illustrated with the help of a case study
involving demolition and recycling of a flexible pavement. 

...

Muhammad Amir, Syed Waqar Shah, Michael J. Pont 

FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CAN-BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23) which was concerned with fault-management on embedded level. In this paper, we intend to show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-management on system’s level. 

...

Hina Fatima1*, Sania Shaheen2, Lal Khan Almas3 and Sehrish Haroon4

Profit Efficiency among Transplanting and Direct Seeded Rice Producers (Case Study of Certain Rice Growing Areas of Province Punjab, Pakistan)
...) and direct seeded rice system (DRS) is gaining greater attention in Pakistan. Profit efficiencies of TRP and DRS are estimated with data from farmers belonging to various districts of Punjab. Gujranwala, Hafizabad, Sheikhupura, Jhang and Sialkot are the major rice producing areas of Punjab. The primary data is collected from the above mentioned areas through random sampling. Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) serves as a tool of obtaining reliable estimation...

Ihsan Rabbi*, Sehat Ullah**, Aftab Alam**

MARKER BASED TRACKING IN AUGMENTED REALITY APPLICATIONS USING ARTOOLKIT: A CASE STUDY
...-based augmented reality systems, marker-based technique is widely used approach to track the video
camera pose. In this paper, we present an analysis of marker-based tracking using ARToolKit. We investigate the
effect of marker size, distance between markers and camera, the speed of marker with respect to camera, relationship
between marker size and distance, the brightness and contrast level of a camera on tracking a singl...

Muhammad Usman Shafi*, Syed Muhammad Ali**, Syed Akhtar Ali Shah***, Kamran Ahmed****

DEVELOPMENT OF DATABASE OF HEAVY TRUCK LOAD DATA IN PESHAWAR, PAKISTAN
...cted to Data acquisition system (DAQ) to record deflection.
Lab calibration was carried out to determine the value of strain for each load applied through Universal
testing machine (UTM). Load verses strain graph was developed for each load cell which was used to interpret the
value of load exerted by each pair of tire to produce strains. By adding the strains from each plate, axle load and
similarly by adding ax...

 Sikandar Afridi*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Nasim Ullah***, Gulzar Ahmad**, Muhammad Shafi**

PERFORMANCE ENHANCEMENT OF FACE RECOGNITION SYSTEM USING PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS MERGED WITH DISCRETE WAVELET TRANSFORMS
...ance of face recognition system can be enhanced by proposed technique titled as PCA merged with Discrete

Wavelet Transform (DWT) instead of using the conventional PCA technique. In this technique to reduce the computational
complexity of traditional PCA the size of the image is first reduced by taking the DWT of it. After applying
the DWT the facial features of the image are extracted by calculating the Eigenface of the image ...

 Nasimullah*, Muhammad Irfan Khattak**, Muhammad Shafi**, Gulzar Ahmad**

A TUTORIAL ON ADAPTIVE ROBUST POSITION CONTROL OF DC MOTOR USING FUZZY LOGIC COMPENSATION
...ic model. Adaptive fuzzy system is used to approximate nonlinear friction and external disturbance.
Assuming that system state matrixes are known, model based robust controller is formulated using sliding mode
control method. Adaptive fuzzy system formulated using Lyapunov function. The proposed controller is derived for
DC motor position control

 Asif Ali Khan*, Nasru Minallah*, Shahbaz Khan**

ON THE PERFORMANCE OF SUPERVISED CLASSIFIERS FOR CROP IDENTIFICATION AND ESTIMATION USING MULTI-SPECTRAL IMAGERY
...that the newly developed system offer an efficient, reliable and
faster approach for estimation of tobacco crop.
 
...

 Muhammad Amir*1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Michael J. Pont2

FAULT-MANAGEMENT ON SYSTEM’S LEVEL IN CONTROLLER AREA NETWORK BASED “SHARED-CLOCK” ENVIRONMENTS
...Microprocessors and Microsystems (Volume 37, 2013, issue 1, pages 9-23). In this paper, we intend to
show that the use of a Port Guardian (PG) mechanism can also improve fault-management on system’s level.
...

 Khizar Azam*, Abdul Shakoor*~ Afzal Khan*, Riaz Akbar Shah*~ Shaukat Ali Shah·

IDENTIFICATION OF VITAL VEHICLE MECHANICAL DEFECTS CAUSING ROAD TRAFFIC ACCIDENTS IN PAKISTAN
...luid leak in their brake system, and these may, therefore, be at a risk of causing an RTA. In the RTA data from the NHMp, 32% of all RTA on Motorways are <...

 Abdul Malik*, Abdul Sattar Shakir**, Muhammad Jamal Khan***, Muhammad Latif**, Zia-ul-Haq*

YIELD RESPONSE AND WATER USE EFFICIENCY OF SUGAR BEET IN SEMI-ARID ENVIRONMENT UNDER DIFFERENT DEFICIT IRRIGATION REGIMES
... under furrow irrigation system during the cropping season of 2011-2012 and 2012-2013 at Sugar Crops Research Institute Mardan, Khyber Pakhtun Khawa, Pakistan. Randomized Complete Block Design was used to conduct the experiment and three replications were applied. Four levels of irrigations, designated as full irrigation, 20% deficit irrigation, 40% deficit irrigation...

Farid Ullah Khan*, Sheraz Ali Khan*

A SMART STARTUP AND SHUTDOWN SYSTEM FOR DOMESTIC ELECTRIC POWER GENERATORS
...supply (UPS), Solar-cell systems and household electric generators. The startup and shutdown ofmost ofthe household electric generators is manual, which renders them less convenient as compared to the UPS and Solar-cell systems. A fUlly automatic electrical generator that starts and shuts down itself without any user intervention results in increased user convenience. This paper looks at the design and evaluates the results ...

Farid Ullah Khan*

MINIATURE VIBRATION SHAKER FOR MEMS-SCALE VIBRATION-BASED ENERGY HARVESTERS APPLICATION
...alysis of the suspension system performed in COMSOL Multiphysics®, indicates that in the first mode of the vibration the shaker’s table is perfectly moving up and down. The developed vibration shaker is characterized for sinusoidal electrical input signal. At different gain levels of the power amplifier, the shaker is subjected to a frequency sweep from 1 Hz to 1 kHz. At resonant frequency of 60 Hz, acceleration amplitudes of 5, 10, 18, 20 g are prod...

M A Khalid*, A R Ghumman**, H. N. Hashmi**, E. Tanveer*

INVESTIGATION OF PERFORMANCE AND SEDIMENT TRANSPORT OF LOWER BARI DOAB CANAL
...erformance of irrigation system having large network of canals fed from rivers is influenced by many parameters. Inequitable water distribution, Shortage of water during peak crop water requirements, tempering of insufficient funds for proper maintenance and high sediment loads in canals are worth mentioning issues. In this paper the performance of Lower Bari Doab Canal with emphasis on sediment transport analysis has been investigated using field data. The pe...

Azam Khan*, Irshad Ahmad**

IN-PLACE ANALYSIS OF JACKET OFFSHORE STRUCTURE UNDER STORM CONDITIONS
...ctural analysis computer system. Beam stick model has been used, with multi-level sub-structuring technique, to model the whole structure. Appropriate dead load, live loads and quasi-static action of 100 yr storm have been applied to the structure. The structure-pile interaction analysis has been performed using SPLINTER, a component of the ANSYS ASAS program suite. The platform is subjected to design action, i.e combination of permanent and var...

Gulzar Ahmad*, Sahibzada Faheem*, Amjad Ullah*, Waqar Shah*, S.M. Majid Ashraf*

COMPARATIVE STUDY OF RELAY PROTOCOLS USING SIMULATION
...the cooperative relaying systems involves less hardware and low complexity but gives comparable performance and diversity gains to the actual multiple antenna systems. The aim of this paper is to compare various techniques used in cooperative relaying protocols. The performance is evaluated in terms of average symbol error under various ranges of signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) probabilities. A three node

Inayat Ullah*, Shah Khusro**, Saeed Mahfooz**, Azhar Rauf**

IMPACT OF NETWORK SCALABILITY ON THE PERFORMANCE OF RIP AND IGRP FOR EMAIL SERVICES

Mumtaz Shah*, Hashim Nisar Hashmi* Naeem Ejaz* Abdul Razzaq Ghumman*

PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF AQUATIC MACROPHYTES FOR MUNICIPAL WASTEWATER TREATMENT
...ment in macrophyte based system included both the anaerobic and aerobic microbial processes. The treatment is further followed by chemical conversions, sedimentation and volatilization. The highest pollutant removalswere observed for attemperature range of 15-38oC and at pH variation between 6 and 9. In developing countries like Pakistan, where no importance is being given to municipal sewage treatment, the method found to be environmentall...

Hazrat Hussain*, Muhammad Ibrahim**, Navid Ahmed***, Zia ul Haq**, Bashir Alam***

ASSESSMENT OF SEDIMENT TRANSPORT LOAD FROM GOAML RIVER AND ITS IMPACT ON THE GOMAL ZAM DAM LIFESPAN
...meters in sediment-water system i.e. water discharge, sediment load, sediment concentration and sediment quality have been estimated from the actual data and are shown by histograms and bar graphs. The relations developed are applicable only to the Gomal River system. It is hoped that the study will invite interest and attention of planners, researchers, and all those concerned with the problems and menace of ...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...s. An integrated farming system (IFS) holds a special position with the central concept that nothing is supposed to be wasted here. It is an integrated approach to farming compared with existing monoculture approach. It passes on to an agricultural system that integrates crop production and livestock. IFS helps small scale farmers to increase cash income, improve quality and quantity of food produced by methodical exploitati...

Ejaz Ashraf1*, Hafiz Khurram Shurjeel2, Saima Sadaf1, Adnan Ahmad1, Usman Rafique1 and Muhammad Arshad Javed1

An Assessment of Farmers’ Awareness Level Regarding Integrated Farming System in District Sargodha, Punjab, Pakistan
...s. An integrated farming system (IFS) holds a special position with the central concept that nothing is supposed to be wasted here. It is an integrated approach to farming compared with existing monoculture approach. It passes on to an agricultural system that integrates crop production and livestock. IFS helps small scale farmers to increase cash income, improve quality and quantity of food produced by methodical exploitati...

Saba Iqbal1*, Muhammad Luqman1, Hafiz Muhammad Nasrullah1, Asmat Ullah1 and Hafiz Muhammad Akram2

Response of Cotton to Application of Organic and Inorganic Source of Nutrients in Semi-Arid Climate
... agricultural production systems. Unselective use of organic manures is often used in the agriculture to improve soil health but it cannot significantly increase yield. Application of organic and inorganic source of nutrients can uplift the economics of existing cotton based production systems by improving soil health and reducing the cost of inorganic nutrients per unit area. This study was executed to quantify the best pos...

Asadullah Saleem* and Nadeem Ehsan*

STATUS OF PERFORMANCE MEASUREMENT SYSTEMS IN INFRASTRUCTURE CONSTRUCTION FIRMS OF PAKISTAN
... performance measurement system (PMS) currently practised by these organizations. Questionnaire based survey revealed that there is an empirical evidence that most of the infrastructure firms find their PMS in need of urgent attention while one third of the surveyed firms consider their system needs improvement. Analysis of the results points out that current PMSs ignore the performance information needs ...

Abroon Jamal Qazi*, Afzal Khan*, Muhammad Tahir Khan*, Muhammad Ali Kamran* and Khizar Azam*

A NOVEL APPLICATION OF PARTICLE SWARM OPTIMIZATION TECHNIQUE IN SEMI-ACTIVE SUSPENSION SYSTEM CONTROL
...r semi-active suspension system. Semi-active suspension system proves to be a better choice in comparison with the passive and active systems keeping in view the inherent benefits of better performance, light weight and cost effective design. The semi-active system is driven by a fuzzy logic controller that is based on the feedback of relative ...

Sajid Ullah Butt, Aamer Ahmed Baqai, Syeda Naela Fatima, Hasan Aftab Saeed

MATERIAL HANDLING COST CONSIDERATION IN PROCESS PLAN SELECTION FOR RECONFIGURABLE MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
Muhammad Shaheen
APPLICATION OF LABELLED K MEANS CLUSTERING FOR GIS CONTRACT AUTOMATION
...es an efficient tracking system during all its vital phases (development, operation and maintenance). At present, the tracking is done in a non-discrete manner through manual inspection. Manual tracking is inevitable because (1) no indicators have so far been developed for evaluation by an automatic tracking system, (2) No automated system exists to evaluate the performance of GIS service ...
Faheem Ali1, Muhammad Amir1, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1, Abdul Basit2, Muhammad Kashif Khan1, Gulzar Ahmad1
AN SVC BASED POWER QUALITY IMPROVEMENT MODEL FOR CONSUMERS CONNECTED TO WEAK BUSSES IN DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS
...ern considering weak bus systems. In order to improve power quality, residential consumers go with voltage stabilizers as a cheap solution consequently overstressing weak busses. Industrial consumers use other alternatives like switched capacitor banks to cope with low power factor but the limitation is step-wise reactive power injection which does not meet the changing load requirements. Real time improvement requires constant monitoring and real-ti...

 Uzma Nawaz1*, Muhammad Iftikhar Khan1, Muhammad Naeem Arbab1

TECHNO-ECONOMICS OF UPS SYSTEM AS BACKUP POWER SOURCE DURING LOAD SHEDDING
...in component of UPS system is the battery, which is costly and has to be replaced after its useful service life. Failure to do so, the cost of utility bills increases since batteries operate charge at low efficiency, and have undesirable impact on consumer loads. In this work a survey highlighting the technical and economic issues with UPS system is described that allowed obtaining a cost model based on u...

 Qazi Salman Khalid1, Muhammad Abas1, Mudassar Rauf2, Mirza Jahanzaib2, Shahid Maqsood1

HYBRID PARTICLE SWARM ALGORITHM FOR SCHEDULING IN CELLULAR MANUFACTURING SYSTEM- A CASE STUDY

 Saman Shahid1, Shahid Ali1, Muhammad Abdullah Ahmad1, Sarfraz Munir2

RE-DESIGNING AND OPERATIONAL ANALYSES OF THE SEDIMENT TRANSPORT CONTROL IN IRRIGATION CANAL NETWORK
...s in existing irrigation system. To address these problems, the canals can be analyzed to point out the flaws in design and operation mechanism. This study used a Physics based mathematical model, which can aid the engineers to design and analyze the canals on scientific basis. The research evaluated the existing design of BRBD link canal using SETRIC (Sediment Transport in Irrigation Canals) model based on Saint Venant shallow water equation and also, compare...

Ahmad Khan1*, Yasir Mehmood2

RESOURCE MANAGEMENT FOR MACHINE TYPE COMMUNICATION AND INTERNET OF THINGS IN MOBILE NETWORKS
...will overburden the system and furthermore spectrum would be utilized inefficiently. This paper proposes a solution for efficient spectrum utilization in mobile networks. The proposed mechanism is intuitive and is based on packet aggregation implemented in intermediary node called aggregation node. Small memory (buffer) is used to held the small packets for some time. When the buffer capacity is achieved the accumulated packet is sent to re...

 Nashitah Alwaz1, Safdar Raza1*, Sadaqat Ali1

A COMMUNICATION-FREE SIGNAL GENERATING TECHNIQUE FOR REACTIVE POWER CORRECTION IN ISLANDED MICROGRID
...rs through PSO makes the system more stable as compared to the conventional methods in terms of transients and steady state responses.
...

Altaf Hussain Rajpar1, Abdul Hameed Memon1, Mohammad Akram Shaikh2, Weimin Zhang3

HAND-EYE COORDINATION FOR OBJECT GRASPING TASK OF HUMANOID ROBOT (BHR-02)
...p;model world coordinate system was set on right shoulder joint. The position and orientation of the hand was obtained through coordinate transformation from left eye coordinate system to end-effector coordinate system. The results presented in this paper justify the effectiveness of the proposed method.
...

 Riaz Sayed1, Khizar Azam1, Waqar Shah1, Inayat Babar1, Hamidullah1, and Sahar Noor1

A REVIEW OF DRIVING UNDER THE INFLUENCE OF FATIGUE

Abdul Shakoor1, R.A. Sayed2, Khizar Azam2

KNOWLEDGE BASE TECHNOLOGIES AS A NEW PARADIGM IN DATA DRIVEN MANUFACTURING SYSTEM
...ed decision support system. The knowledge sharing framework requires an extensive research to improve inter-operatiability of cross-functional systems and subsequently provide the basis for diverse utilization of knowledge base technologies in manufacturing. The effective knowledge sharing framework in manufacturing industries is used to speed-up the New Product Development & Introduction (NPDI) proce...

 Laiq Khan1, Sidra Mumtaz2, Kamran Javed3, S.W. Shah4, M.I. Khan Babar5, S.R. Akbar6

GENERATORS MAINTENANCE SCHEDULING USING HARMONY SEARCH ALGORITHM
...on of a power production system. This paper presents the application of harmony search (HS) algorithm for solving generators maintenance scheduling problem. HS algorithm is quite efficient, because, the convergence rate of this algorithm is very fast. HS algorithm is based on the concept of music improvisation process of searching for a perfect state of harmony. To verify the great power of this method, HS algorithm is applied to solve GMS ...

Farah Mahmood1, Mohammad Inayatullah Babar1, Syed Waqar Shah1, Hamid Ullah1, Riaz Akbar Syed1

GPS ASSISTED HANDOFF IN OVERLAPPING IPv6 WLAN WITH MULTIPLE CoA

 Adnan Ali Khan,* and Shahrukh Khalid**

CAPACITY ESTIMATION OF SIMO SYSTEMS IN THE PRESENCE OF CO-CHANNEL INTERFERENCE
...lar mobile communication systems in interference limited environment. The performance is analyzed by calculating the ergodic capacity and hence the spectral efficiency for Rayleigh fading SIMO channel in the presence of unequal power Rayleigh fading co-channel interferes. Expressions for evaluating system’s capacity using maximum ratio combining (MRC) are presented. The analytical results are verified by...

 Usman Ali Naeem*, Hashim Nisar*, Habib-ur-Rehman** and Naeem Ejaz*

DEVELOPMENT OF FLOOD DISCHARGE MODELS USING GIS
...ical command of waterway system has been altering beneath the crash of mutually environment disparity and human actions in the overall milieu. With the advent of technology it is now possible to model the complete resource allocation of any hydrological network duly integrating both natural and artificial networks. Advance applications allow an excellent automated system to monitor, control and manage water&nb...

Arshad Habib Malik*, Aftab Ahmed Memon** and Muhammad Rafiq Khan***

DYNAMIC MODELING AND CONTROLLER DESIGN FOR NUCLEAR POWER PLANT
...bsp;valve and reactivity system. The nonlinear model is characterized by 15 state variables and one input. This higher order nonlinear model is linearized at full power operating point. A standard higher order state space model is realized for controller design purpose. An advanced discrete controller is synthesized for state space model of PHWR using fast output sampling methodology. Noise sensitivity is a typical problem with this type of...

Mehwish Liaquat1*, Arshad Mahmood Malik1, Muhammad Ishaq1, Hafiz Muhammad Qasim Ashraf2 and Ismara Naseem

...Berberana in hydroponics system can use for good seedling quality and germination behaviour. 

...

Sikander Hiyat1, Nazim Hussain1, Muhammad Ishaq Asif Rehmani2*, Muhammad Nasir Abbas2, Smana Raza3, Javed Shabbir Dar4 and Tauqeer Ahmad Yasir5 

...in the cotton production system was appeared to be a viable alternative approach for successful cotton production. 

...
Sinan Uzundumlu1, Yesim Buyukates1,*, Murat Yigit2, Musa Bulut2,  Rıdvan Kaan Gurses1 and Barbaros Celikkol3
...properties of the marine system. Water quality parameters such as temperature, salinity, pH and dissolved oxygen, total suspended solids, chlorophyll-a and inorganic nutrients such as NO2+NO3, NH4, PO4 and SiO2 were observed between May 2014 and September 2014 in the study area. The observed results were compared with acceptable limits pronounced in international organizations such as EPA and FAO, and national organi...
Ming-Yan Shi2, Xu-Liang Yan1, Ping-Ping Han1, Yu-Jie Tang1 and Hui-Xia Li1*
...evelopment of the immune system in 315 potential target genes, while 39 target genes were associated with adipogenesis and metabolism, immune responses, and stem cell differentiation. Gene Ontology and the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes database showed that these differentially-expressed miRNAs were involved in several pathways and were target genes that could regulate SMSC differentiation into adipocytes. Our study provided an overview of the express...

Zahid Hassan Tarar1, Muhammad Salik Ali Khan2*, Shahzada Munawar Mehdi3, Raza Salim4, Irfan Ahmad Saleem1, Saima Nazar5, Munir David2, Tahir Majeed6, Muhammad Sufyan Mughal7, Muhammad Saleem8, Umer Iqbal9, Muhammad Mazhar Iqbal10 and Muhammad Khalid Shaheen

Zakeer Ahmed Khan Abbasi* and Allah Nawaz 

...ormations in the climate system; causing productivity loss, soil degradation, water scarcity, resource depletion etc. Climate change awareness empowers the farming communities to take appropriate measures to mitigate the negative consequences of this phenomenon but the responses are not necessarily identical in scale and forms . In developed countries, climate change awareness is much advanced therefore, their climate change adaptations are also far better tha...

Haiyan Yang1, Hongxia Liu1, Wenlong Wu1*, Weilin Li2 and Lianfei Lyu

...tivating the antioxidant system, and altering the levels of photosynthetic pigments. 

...
Roni Koneri1*, Meis Nangoy2 and Pience V. Maabuat1
... important role in an ecosystem and can serve as control agents of agricultural insect pests. Dragonflies can be used as bioindicators for evaluating environmental changes in long-term studies (biogeography) and short-term studies (conservation biology). This research study was aimed to analyse the composition and diversity of dragonflies in Tunan Waterfall area, North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted from March 2018 to May 2018 at at three types of...
Abdul Waheed*, Asim Faraz, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq
... aspects of this farming system prevailing in southern Punjab. For this reason data was collected from 30 households and was subjective to descriptive statistical analysis. The farmer’s family size averaged 6.4±1.6 with average monthly income of Rs. 14322.6±3026.4. These rural household had on the average 11.4±4.5 hens, 2.1±1.1 cocks, 6.9±4.5 chicks, and 4.5±3.4 laying hens. Majority of them kept hen in khuda (a ...
Muhammad Rizwan1*, Bilal Atta1, Ana Maria Marino de Remes Lenicov2, Roxana Mariani2, Arshed Makhdoom Sabir1, Muhammad Tahir3, Misbah Rizwan4, Muhammad Sabar1, Ch. Muhammad Rafique1, Muhammad Afzal5
... were related to rice ecosystem (Cixiidae, one species and Delphacidae; six species). Three Delphacid species, whitebacked planthopper Sogatella furcifera, brown planthopper Nilaparvata lugens and small brown planthopper (SBPH) Laodelphax striatellus are well-known vectors of severe rice pathogenic diseases in the Oriental and Paleartic regions. Laodelphax striatellus was recorded on rice for the first time in Pakistan. Among altern...

Oluwatoyin Olagunju1* and Luqman Abiodun Akinbile2

Farmers Perceptions of the Effect of Rural Transportation Systems on Farming Income in Ondo State, Nigeria
... of more rural transport systems could be a panacea for the prolonged deplorable and worsening state of rural roads in the country. This study examined the perceived effects of rural transportation systems on farmers’ income in Ondo State, Nigeria. A structured interview was used in eliciting information from 120 farmers in rural communities across the two local governments in the study area using a two-stage random sa...
He Wenyun, Zhi Yijin and Shao Mingqin*
...lericulata) in water systems (Raohe River, Ganjiang River and Xiuhe River) of Poyang Lake, Jiangxi Province, China. We recorded 162 individuals and determined 141 by gender: the sex ratio was 1.07. There was no significant male bias (n = 141, p = 0.210). Habitat selection results indicated that Mandarin duck tended to choose habitat with vegetation cover (2.40 ± 0.84) on riverbanks, with shoal proportions of 8.00 ± 6.00%, water ...
Fei Wang1, Xianlai Zhang1, Youbao Zhong2, Xiaoen Tang3, Xiaofen Hu1
ShanShan Yang1, Shengwei Zhong1, Zuohong Zhou1, Jin Liu1, Xu Yuan1 
and Yong Li1*
...crine and mucosal immune system as an information molecule due to the high expression of VIP. It will provide the basis for clarifying the biological function of VIP in pigeons.
...
Huma Abbas1*, Nazir Javed1,Muhammad Kamran2, Sajid Aleem Khan1Hira Abbas3, Ehetisham-ul-Haq2, Abdul Jabbar1, Mehwish Naz1 and Ihsan Ullah4
...ated on the induction of systemic activity by using modified split root technique. Efficacy of different application methods; soil drench and root dip was also tested. Results revealed that all the chemicals have more or less systemic effect against M. incognita. Cartap was found to be more effective in reduction of egg masses followed by Virtako in both treated and untreated root portion. Number of egg masses was red...

Muhammad Yaseen1*, Syed Amir Zia Abid1, Muhammad Luqman1, Syed Wasim Hasan2, Muhammad Aqeel Pitafi3, Muhammad Tariq Chaudhry4 and Muhammad Ameen5

Training Needs Assessment of Training Professionals Working in Agricultural Training Institutes in Punjab, Pakistan
...ds Assessment (TNA) is a systematic procedure to gather information regarding needs of employees with emphasis to gain organizational objectives. Therefore, the current study was conducted to access the training needs of training professionals working in Agricultural Training Institutes (ATIs) of Punjab. For this purpose, data were collected from all training professionals of four ATI in Punjab with the help of structured questionnaire. Different questions rel...

Muhammad Ahsan Naseer1, Mehdi Maqbool1, Saima Rafiq2*, Noosheen Zahid1, Abdul Hamid1 and Syed Zulfiqar Ali Shah1

Comparative Analysis of Physical and Biochemical Attributes of Edible Fig (Ficus carica L.) Collected from Three Districts of Azad Jammu and Kashmir Located at Different Elevations
...tablish its supply chain system and storage conditions for its marketing at national and international level.
...

Kanwar Muhammad Raheel Mehboob1, Rashid Iqbal2*, Muhammad Israr3,4, Jaweria Shamshad5, Umair Riaz6, Muhammad Habib-ur-Rahman7,8, Fawad Ali9, Arif Nawaz10, Maliha Sarfraz11, Abdul Waheed12, Muhammad Tahir Khan13 and Muhammad Aslam2

 

Assessment of the Consequences of Heat Changes on Cotton Cultivars Growth, Phenology and Yield at Different Sowing Regimes
...ton) at different sowing systems during summer 2015 at cotton research station Regional Agriculture Research Institute Bahawalpur (RARI) Pakistan. The test was directed in an irregular complete block design (RCBD) with a split-plot course of action comprising of three replications. One factor comprised of six planting dates (for example April15 and 30, 15 and 30 May, 14 and29 June) and other factor comprising of three Bt. cotton cultivars (BH-184, MNH-886 and ...

Hafsa Naheed* and Hidayat-Ur-Rahman

Genotype by Environment Interactions of Vegetative Growth Traits of Bread Wheat Genotypes
...es to different cropping systems and environments. The performance of vegetative growth traits of the 40 exotic bread wheat lines was assessed across seven different environments during 2015-16 and 2016-17 growing seasons. The trials were conducted using RCB design at four locations for two years; Research Farm, of the University of Agriculture, Peshawar; Agriculture Research Station, Buner; Agriculture Research Station, Baffa, Mansehra; and Barani Agriculture...

Rana Shahzad Noor1,2, Fiaz Hussain2, Irfan Abbas3, Muhammad Umair2, Abu Saad2, Muhammad Umar Farooq4 and Yong Sun1*

Assessing Sustainability of Rainfed Wheat (Triticum Aestivum) Production under Various Soil Tillage Systems: An Energy and Economic Analysis
... agricultural production systems. The study was mainly designed to evaluate the impact of four kind of soil tillage as; No/zero tillage (ZT), conservational tillage (PT), reduced tillage (RT) and conventional tillage (CT) on wheat yield, fuel usage and energy use efficiency under rainfed agriculture systems for Chakwal-50 wheat cultivator at Koont research station of PMAS-Arid Agriculture University, Rawalpindi during 2018 a...
Arif Alam1*, Faridullah2, Ikram Shah1, Shahzad Khan3, Noor Elahi1 and Ehsan Inamullah1
Estimation of Farm Level Technical Efficiency in Maize Production at the High Mountain North Region of Pakistan
...crops production. The ecosystem of mountain is fragile and tends to be relatively low productive due to number of factors. Therefore, the present study was aimed to know the opportunities of productivity due to improving the technical efficiency of maize crop, and to determine the factors which influence maize production in high mountains of Pakistan. For this purpose, initially two villages one from District Nagar and other from District Hunza were selected w...
Tabassum Yaseen1*, Shehzad Ahmad1, Khushnood Ur Rehman2, Fayaz Asad1, Abdul Waheed1, Rani Gul3, Hussain Gulab4 and Naveed Akhtar2
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungal Spore Density and Root Colonization in Weeds of Carrot field at Charsadda, Pakistan
...s the multi colonization systems with the roots and provide benefits to the host plants. The present study was conducted to evaluate the occurrence and distributions of Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in the rhizospheric soil of major weeds of District Charsadda. In the present study roots and rhizospheric soil of 15 weeds species belonging to 12 families were collected from Carrot field of District Charsadda and was investigated for the sporulation and root infe...

Mohammad Javad Golmohammadi1, Hamid Reza Mohammaddoust Chamanabad1*, Bijan Yaghoubi2 and Mostafa Oveisi3

GIS Applications in Surveying and Mapping of Rice Weeds in Guilan Province, Iran
Sri Nuryani Hidayah Utami*, Andin Muhammad Abduh, Eko Hanudin and Benito Heru Purwanto
Study on the NPK Uptake and Growth of Rice under Two different Cropping Systems with different Doses of Organic Fertilizer in the Imogiri Subdistrict, Yogyakarta Province, Indonesia
...nly cultivated in a grid system with a plant spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm. The modification of spacing to increase nutrient uptake by providing plant free area (PFA) for better air circulation and sunlight distribution needs to be further studied. This study examined the differences in NPK uptake and rice growth in organic farming using the grid system and the cropping system with longitudinal...

Muhammad Imran1,2*, Shahbaz Talib Sahi1, Muhammad Atiq1 and Amer Rasul3

Brown Leaf Spot: An Exacerbated Embryonic Disease of Rice: A Review
...at activates the defense system of plants and reduces the disease. The plants which are scarce nutrients are more prone to disease as compared to nutrient deficient. The pathogen damage is compensating by a specific nutrient that reduces the disease through tolerance. Good management practices are those which include all possible combinations of cultural, biological, chemical, induce resistance, nutrient management, natural byproducts, and resistant cultivars....
Mikail Arslan1, Orhan Yilmaz2, Bahattin Cak2* and Ahmet Fatih Demirel2
...ewes under three lambing systems in two years and their lambs’ survival and growth performances. A total of 200 Kivircik ewes and 15 Kivircik rams were used. Ewes were subjected to a system of lambing every 8 months. Ewes were mated in August (summer), April (spring) and December (winter), respectively. Ewes were synchronized using FIS (intravaginal flourogestone sponges) for 14 days. Additionally, 600 IU eCG (equine c...
Asim Faraz*
...the effect of management system on the blood biochemical and hair mineral profile of male and female camel calves. Eighteen Marecha camel calves of almost same weight and age were divided randomly into three groups each having 3 ♂ and 3 ♀ reared under intensive (IMS), semi-intensive (SIMS) and extensive (EMS) management systems. The calves in first group reared in IMS were fed @ 1 kg concentrate having 18% CP and 2.41 Mc...

Saeed Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Muhammad Habib ur Rahman1,3*, Tanveer-ul-Haq2, Mahmood Alam Khan4 and Arshad Mahmood5

Evaluation of Different Production Systems in Combination with Foliar Sulphur Application for Sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) under Arid Climatic Conditions of Pakistan
... disturbing the cropping systems. Climate variability is another emerging threat for current production and cropping systems especially in south regions of Pakistan having high arid climatic conditions. A study was conducted in South Punjab (30°1575 N, 71°5249 E) to evaluate the performance of sunflower production systems (nursery transplanted and direct seeded) and sulphur foliar ...

Ashraf Ismail Afia1 and Ahmed Soliman Mohmed El-Nuby2*

Soybean Genotypes Response to Root-Gall Nematode
...lanning of crop rotation systems as well as the identification of resistance sources for breeding purposes.

...

Imtiaz Hussain1, Azhar Mahmood Aulakh2, Muhammad Sohail1*, Khalid Hussain2, Ansaar Ahmed3, Abdul Hamid3 and Muhammad Imtiaz3

Impact of Zero Tillage on Productivity of Traditional Mung Bean-Wheat Cropping System of Punjab, Pakistan
...ng bean-wheat production system in Punjab, Pakistan involves intensive tillage practices that increases cost of production and declines soil fertility. Zero tillage planting method provides an opportunity to improve crop yield, reduce production cost and GHG emission. Farmer participatory field trials were carried out at six locations in Punjab province, a major Mung bean-Wheat cropping zone to evaluate zero tillage based crop production ...

Muhammad Siyar1, Anwar Saeed Khan2*, Fazlur Rahman2 and Muhammad Jamal Nasir2

Spatio-temporal Assessment of Reliability in Pehur Main Canal System, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan
...lity in Pehur Main Canal system. Reliability of irrigation service is a pre-requisite for higher productivity of irrigated agriculture. Both primary and secondary sources were tapped for data acquisition. An extensive field survey was undertaken in Rabi 2012-13 and Kharif Miana 2013 to acquire actual flow data of individual outlets. The reliability is measured on a scale of 0-1, 1 for complete reliable and 0 for unreliable services. The analysis shows the majo...

Muhammad Javaid1*, Unsar Naeem-Ullah1, Waheed S. Khan2, Shafqat Saeed1, Mirza Abdul Qayyum1 and Muhammad Arslan Khan1

Role of Nanotechnology in Crop Protection and Production: A Review
...e of smart gene delivery system. This technology can also be useful for sustainable water use and irrigation water filtration. It also plays an important role in pollution reduction. Green revolution of any developing countries can be achieved by adopting nanotechnology.

...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Ayman Balla Mustafa2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Riaz Hussain Mirza1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Rana Muhammad Bilal4 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel5

...remote areas as pastoral system in desert ecosystem of Pakistan. Due to the urbanization, this husbandry system is changed and the cameleers are moving towards urban/peri-urban areas of arid and semi-arid environment. This study was planned to check its production potential in extensive management system (EMS) and semi-intensive management
Gautam Patra1*, Ana Sahara2, Sonjoy Kumar Borthakur1, Parthasarathi Behera3, Subhamoy Ghosh1, Apurba Debbarma4 and Seikh Sahanawaz Alam5
...were captured by netting system. After blood was collected from wing veins, birds were released from the cages. Blood samples were examined after staining with Giemsa stain. The positive samples were used for amplification of cyt b gene of Plasmodium relictum. Cloning and sequencing of the amplified products of each samples was performed separately. Out of 120 birds examined, 25 were found positive for P. relictum based on morphology and s...

Agustine Christela Melviana1, Rizkita Rachmi Esyanti1*, Roy Hendroko Setyobudi2, Maizirwan Mel3, Praptiningsih Gamawati Adinurani4 and Juris Burlakovs5

Gene Expression Related to Steviol Glycoside Synthesis Produced in Stevia rebaudiana (Bert.) Shoot Culture Induced with High Far-Red LED Light in TIS RITA® Bioreactor System
...trations through greater system productivity. Hitherto, there was no significant study about the effect of far-red LED induction to improve the steviol glycoside content of Stevia plants, particularly at the molecular level. This research was therefore performed in the TIS RITA® bioreactor system to evaluate the effect of far-red LED induction towards biomass growth, multigene expression related to steviol glycosides, an...
Xiaopeng Tang1,2* and Kangning Xiong1,2
...using the Ussing chamber system. Cells were treated with: (1) EGF (0 ng / mL) + LPS (0 μg / mL) (Control group), (2) EGF (100 ng / mL) + LPS (0 μg / mL) (EGF group), (3) EGF (0 ng / mL) + LPS (1 μg / mL) (LPS group), and (4) EGF (100 ng / mL) + LPS (1 μg / mL) (EGF+LPS group) for 24 h for ussing chamber assay. The transepithelial electrical resistance (TEER, Ω.cm2), glutamine and glucose absorption rate (%) were measured. The results showed t...

Mahmoud Mohamed Ahmed Youssef* and Suzan Abd-Elazeim Hassabo

The Role of Genetic Engineering in Management of Plant Parasitic Nematodes with Emphasis on Root-Knot Nematodes: A Review
... plasmid or other vector system in which they are capable of continued propagation. Azotobacter spp. with nematicidal activity could control root-knot nematode, Meloidogyne incognita. The development of such strains by genetic manipulation by transferring gene (s) required for saponins production is effective in increasing crop yield together with fixing nitrogen. Escherchia coli is still used as a host for the recombinant DNA technology – based industri...

Muhammad Jamal Nasir*, Atiq Ur Rahman and Anwar Saeed Khan

Assessment of Irrigation Development in the Small Dams Command Area: A Case Study of Palai Dam, District Charsadda
...ai dam on the irrigation system of selected villages of tehsil Tangi. The study is based on an analysis of revenue data acquired from revenue office Tangi, between 2008-09 to 2016-17. The geospatial analysis of collected data is done using the software ArcGIS 10.5.2. The analysis revealed a tremendous increase in canal irrigated area. Before construction of the dam in 2008-09, the canal irrigated area in Palai Nasratzai was 138 acres (5.39% of the total cultiv...

Muhammad Iqbal1, Muhammad Ehetisham ul Haq1*, Muhammad Kamran1, Muhammad Idrees1, Shahid Nazir2, Ihsan Ullah3, Sumera Naz1, Shaukat Ali1 and Muhammad Zafar Iqbal2

Morpho-Molecular Characterization of Xanthomonas Axonopodis Pv. Citri Associated with Kinnow (Mandarin) and its Management
...d in field conditions. A systematic survey of randomly ten localities/sampling sites was conducted for a reliable estimation of citrus canker disease in District Sargodha of Punjab Province. Nine sampling sites showed 90 % the presence of Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. citri and only one site was free of citrus canker disease. Total cellular DNA was isolated from freshly growing aqueous bacterial culture using CTAB protocol with modifications. Amplification of 581...
Abdul Hameed1*, Ihtsham ul Haq Padda2 and Abdul Salam3
Estimating Food Consumption Patterns in Pakistan by Using Ideal Demand System
...atic almost ideal demand system. The paper finding shows that demand for most commodity items except for fruit, meat, sugar and other products is less than unit elastic to expenditure elasticity at the country and regional levels. Cross price elasticity assessment demonstrates that the most nutritious food items, such as fruit, milk and meat, are complementary products as compared to wheat, pulse and vegetables in Pakistan as well as urban and rural areas. The...

Ali Zohaib1*, Habib Ullah2, Shakeel Ahmad Anjum2, Tahira Tabassum2, Muzzammil Hussain1, Mohsin Nawaz3, Ghulam Abbas4 and Sohail Irshad5

Effect of NPK Fertilization Strategies on Growth, Yield, Nutrient Use Efficiency and Economic Benefits of Relay Intercropped Wheat in Cotton
...no and multiple cropping systems indicating the need for optimization of fertilization programs. This 2-years study was performed to investigate the influence of different strategies related to NPK fertilization timing viz. T1 (control, no NPK application), T2 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at tillering and ½ at booting), T3 (½ PK at sowing, ½ NPK at tillering and ½ N at booting), T4 (all PK at sowing, ½ N at sowing and &frac1...
Muhammad Saeed Shah1, Fazal Nasir2, Sana Ul Haq1 and Muhammad Tahir Khan2*
...quot;;">The human immune system is a highly sophisticated system of biological structures that defends the human body against harmful antigens. In this paper, the concept of biological immune system, idiotypic network theory and clonal selection theory are applied in multi-robot cooperation. Idiotypic network theory governs the stimulation and suppression of an antibody in response to an a...

Imran Ahmad Rana*, Muhammad Ali Yab and Ch. Abdul Rehman

Quality Engineering Tools Implementation a Comparison of Indian and Pakistani Business Organizations
...gineering and management system elements. Study has yielded key outcomes which highlight that social dimension in use to practice SS in both of countries like behaviors and quality roles were varied. Moreover, results obtained from regression analysis display that there are also differences between the critical success factors (CSFs) of six sigma implementation in Indian and Pakistani organizations. Elements like management commitment and six sigma deployment ...

Muhammad Shaheen

Mining Patterns from Complex Energy Dataset: A Case Study of Pakistan’s Energy Sector
...graphic decision support system that ensures optimal energy development plan for the country in order to cope with the current energy crisis. The paper proposed data mining add-ins for its inclusion on GIS interface.

...

Muhammad Farooq, Shahid Bashir* and Salman Ilahi Siddiqui

Beam Steerable and Frequency Reconfigurable Antenna Array for 5G Mobile Networks
...nna for 5G communication system using three 1×8 element antenna arrays with defected ground structure has been presented. Frequency reconfigurability has been achieved by placing two switches inside an etched slot on patch antenna, which resulted in a matched bandwidth of 5.29 GHz (24.13 to 29.42 GHz). Beam steering has been achieved by placing the proposed antenna array along three different edges of a mobile phone and energizing only one array at a giv...
Haseeb Nisar1, Usman Pasha1, Kiran Hanif1, Rizwan Abid1Rehan Ahmad Khan Sherwani2, Haja N. Kadarmideen3 and Saima Sadaf1*
...tudies, we performed the systematic literature search on IL-6 -572 G/C polymorphism (rs1800796 SNP) and assessed its association with RA in the overall world population, and in the subgroup analysis of Asian and Caucasian populations. The results showed that in overall population, IL-6 -572 G/C shows a significant association towards increased risk of RA in allelic (OR=0.8130, 95%CI=0.708-0.932, p=0.003), co-dominant and dominant models; same hold true for the...
Sukhpreet Kaur Sidhu*, Gurkirat Singh Sekhon, Randeep Kaur Aulakh and Tejdeep Kaur Kler
...nent of the hydrological system; and perform diverse roles in the biosphere. The present study on ponds was carried out on avian diversity and its services of composition in relation to vegetation distribution to understand their biodiversity. Four natural ponds and one man-made pond were surveyed at three locations viz. Ludhiana (location I), Ropar (location II) and Ferozpur (location III) falling in three agro climatic zones. A total of 51 bird species belon...

Sanaullah1*, Abdul Basit2 and Inayat Ullah3

Challenges and Prospects of Farm Mechanization in Pakistan: A Case Study of Rural Farmers in District Peshawar Khyber Pakhtunkhwa
...espondents (4.10), et al system (3.98), lack of trained machinery operators (4.27), access of roads to the farm (4.45), adequate capital (4.00) and costly inputs (3.80) were some of the challenges plaguing the use of agricultural mechanization in the rural area. It was established that agricultural mechanization has significant role in boosting farm productivity, improving farmers’ livelihood, ensuring economic growth, availability of off-seasonal farm p...

Chibuzo Uzoma Izuogu1*, Robert Ugochukwu Onyeneke1, Loveday Chukwudi Njoku1, Gillian Chidozie Azuamairo1 and Mary Chikerenma Atasie2

 

Repositioning Nigeria’s Agricultural Extension System Towards Building Climate Change Resilience
...n agricultural extension system for climate change resilience and ascertained the opportunities and barriers for agricultural extension system towards building climate change resilience. Results show that climate change has adversely affected agricultural extension practice in Nigeria by worsening its operational environment. Changes in rainfall pattern have made it cumbersome for effective implementation of extension advice...
Hannan Nasib Hamid1,*, Muhammad Rais1, Muhammad Arif2 and Rubina Noor2
...y a vital role in the ecosystem. The present study reports herpetofauna of Sheikh Buddin National Park for the first time which could be used as a baseline. The national park features arid climate and two main vegetation types: tropical thorn forest and sub-tropical broad-leaved ever green forest. The data were gathered from July, 2017 to August, 2018, from major habitat types of the national park using visual encounter survey method aided with pitfall and fun...
Sana Mehmood1, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir1*, Muhammad Summer1, Sher Muhammad Sherawat2, Shaukat Ali1*, Sajida Naseem3
... of spiders from rice ecosystems of district Lahore, Sialkot and Mandi Bahauddin, Punjab, Pakistan by using DNA barcoding. A total of 2736 spiders were collected from July to October during 2018-19. They were brought to the laboratory for subsequent morphological identification, DNA extraction and sequencing. We identified 38 morph-species, representing 22 genera and 8 families. Accuracy of morphological identification was confirmed by barcode analysis of tiss...

Rahat Afza, Muhammad Asam Riaz*, Muhammad Afzal and Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed

Adverse Effect of Sublethal Concentrations of Insecticides on the Biological Parameters and Functional Response of Predatory Beetle Coccinella septempunctata (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) of Brassica Aphid
...ecticides can disturb ecosystem and non-target organisms particularly the effectiveness of natural insect pest predators. Herein, the effect of insecticides at their sublethal concentrations was assessed on the biological parameters and functional response of Coccinella septempunctata. All insecticides significantly reduced the fecundity, TPOP (total pre-oviposition period), larval weight and increased the life span of C. septempunctata relative to control. Th...

Hafiz Muhammad Wasim1, Ghulam Sarwar1*, Noor-Us-Sabah1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Muhammad Aftab2, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1, Ayesha Zafar1, Imran Shehzad1, Aneela Riaz3, Abid Niaz2, Khurshid Ahmad Mufti4 and Muhammad Arif2

Deleterious Impact of Sodium Chloride (NaCl) Toxicity on Chemical Properties of Soil and Ionic Composition of Rice
...paired negatively and in systematic manner with the increase of NaCl concentration in soil and in all treatments when compared with control. Same trend was observed for various cations like Ca2+, Mg2+ and Na+ when analyzed in soil samples. In plant samples of rice, concentration of Na was enhanced in all treatments when compared with control while trend of K was in contrast to Na which decreased with the increasing level of Na. Injurious impact of NaCl was mor...

Muhammad Umair Hassan1, Muhammad Aamer1, Muhammad Nawaz2, Abdul Rehman3, Talha Aslam3, Ubaid Afzal4, Bilal Ahmad Shahzad3, Muhammad Ahsin Ayub5, Faryal Ahmed1, Ma Qiaoying1, Su Qitao1 and Huang Guoqin1*

Agronomic Bio-Fortification of Wheat to Combat Zinc Deficiency in Developing Countries
...Q) levels, weaker immune system, and impaired physical and mental development. Wheat crop play a chief role in daily food requirement and calories need in developing countries, however, inherently wheat has lower Zn contents. Moreover, soil Zn deficiency further increasing the problem of low Zn contents in wheat grain. Thus, the finest way to combat the Zn deficiency is to produce the grains of wheat having desirable Zn contents at farmer’s field. The br...

Mansoor Qadir1*, Yousaf Khan2, Shahid Khan3, Djamaleddine Djeldjli3 and Muhanned Ismael Ibrahim Al Firas4

...oposed 2D-DZ based OCDMA system supports data rate of up to 2 Gbps for relatively large number of subscribers and extended reach in comparison with the existing counterparts. 
...
Abdul Hafeez1*, Akhtar Nawaz Khan2 and Zahid Ullah3
...nd nanoscale devices and systems. Unfortunately, these biomedical applications suffer from huge amount of data. That is, the data generated by such systems is so large that a typical computer workstation cannot handle it in real-time. Traditional approaches rely on unloading raw data to off line storage and suffer from the trade-off of an insufficiently rigorous sampling rate. Furthermore, the phases leading to useful decisi...
Abdul Nabi Jatt1,2*
...Quorum-sensing (QS) is a system by which microorganisms can monitor their own population density via small signalling molecules to communicate with each other. The sinking of marine snow aggregates is as an essential process for moving organic carbon source from the up-ward to down-ward in the ocean. Marine snow associated bacterial communities perform a crucial role in organic material degradation by producing extracellular hydrolytic enzymes and are consider...
Jia Shi
...erferon alfa-2a. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, a review of articles evaluating response rate to Peginterferon alfa-2a was done through the databases of Scopus, Google Scholar, Pubmed (inception - 2019). Fourteen studies reporting the response rate of HBeAg negative chronic patients’ response to Peginterferon alfa-2a were included in the study. Cochran test was used to determine the homogeneity of the samples (based on Q test and I
Humza Sami1, Mahnoor Sagheer1, Muhammad Amir Altaf1, Javaid Iqbal2 and Muhammad Zubair1,*
 
...mplete microwave imaging system is designed and implemented for the reconstruction of breast tumor images. An UWB Vivaldi antenna is used in the bandwidth of 2-6 GHz to detect and localize the small tumors. The prototype hardware setup uses two Vivaldi antennas, one as transmitter and other as receiver for scanning. The distance between phantom and antennas is kept almost 20 cm. The scattered signals from the high contrast objects emulating the tumor character...
Muhammad Zubair1, Habib Ahmad2*, Brian E. Hemphill3, Muhammad Tariq4 and Muzafar Shah5
Muhammad Rashid, Mahmood Ahmad Sajid, Nosheen Noor Elahi, Sibgha Noreen and Kausar Hussain Shah*
 
...ver, antioxidant defense system and lipid peroxidation play a key role in drought tolerance. The current study was intended to investigate physiological adaptations for drought tolerance in different wheat varieties. Three weeks old seedlings of each wheat cultivar were challenged with drought stress by skipping irrigation. After the drought stress of two weeks, plants were subjected to morphological, biochemical and physiological investigations. Drought stres...
Ijaz Haider1*, Muhammad Akhtar1, Ali Noman2 and Muhammad Qasim3
...4 in rice wheat cropping system. Yellow stem borer (YB), white stem borer (WB) and pink stem borer (PB) first appeared on the light trap in March when average temperature was 18°C. YB and WB had first peak population in mid-April at temperatures 30-33°C while second peak was observed in mid-September. Pink stem borer first peak population was observed in mid-March while second in mid-November. Rice leaffolder (RLF) started to appear in 3rd w...
Ahmad Kamran Khan1, Muhammad Hamid Bashir2*, Shanza Ahmed3, Muhammad Amjad Bashir1, Shahbaz Ali1, Syeda Amber Hameed4Munaza Batool5, Irfan Ahmed6 and Muhammad Naeem Khan7
...n all the terrestrial ecosystem. Family richness, diversity, abundance and evenness of soil inhabiting Prostigmata mites population in disturbed and undisturbed soil were estimated from five different localities of Punjab, Pakistan. Soil sampling was done after two months interval for a year 2014. Family richness, abundance and Shannon diversity indexes were higher in undisturbed soil as compared to the disturbed one in all the localities, while low variabilit...
Raheel Saqib1*, Muhammad Luqman2, Saleem Ashraf3, Tahir Munir Butt4, Abdur Rehman5, Imtiaz Hussain6 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood2
 
 
...y farming is basically a system to establish a set up for forestry, agricultural, fisheries, countryside and aquaculture production. Through family farming employment generation takes place and unemployment issue prevailing in the society minimizes. The output of the family farm is high productivity and enhancement in farm income. Directly or indirectly, family farming leads to the food security situation and uplifts people’s living quality. All the rura...

Dilara Devranoglu, Ilksen Tavaci, Gonul Filoglu and Ozlem Bulbul*

...accuracy of the IrisPlex system. We used five years old bloodstains and UVC exposed (30 and 60 min) DNA samples. PCR and electrophoresis were performed. The multinomial logistic regression model statistics is applied for eye color prediction. We observed allele and locus drop-outs on both bloodstains stored for five years and UVC exposed samples. The brown and blue eye colors were correctly predicted for reference and degraded samples. The intermediate eye col...
Jiawei Hong1,2, Mingqiang Chen 1,2, Zhenghua Deng1,2, Youning Li1,2 and Yu Wang1,2*
... with intestinal microecosystem of the noble scallop and contributes to a reasonable use of enrofloxacin treatment on noble scallop.
...
Tariq Ali Mastoi1, Zulfiqar Ali Mastoi2*, Zahoor Ahmed Khetran3, Ghulam Hussain Alizai2, Binish Baig4, Mitha Khan2 and Syed Jahangir Shah1
 
 
...landholding. Land tenure system of the respondents were examined and found that most samples i.e. 64 % were in absentia training load (zamindar). Samples were analyzed on the basis of farmers’ income, and it has been found that 34% respondent had income of Rs.45,000 and Rs.60,000 per acre respectively. However, remaining 47.50% of the respondents had old and outdated farming techniques in practice. The mainstream 35.72% respondents obtained credits upto ...
Tasneem Shah*, Muhammad Tariq and Dost Muhammad
...and wheat-maize cropping systems. The rate of CO2 evolution increased significantly (P<0.05) with increasing level of added biochar during each incubation period. At day 2, the rate of CO2 evolution increased from 142 µg CO2 g-1 soil d-1 in the control to 259 µg CO2 g-1 soil d-1 in the treatment receiving 130 t biochar ha-1. The same trend continue...
Kamran Baksh Soomro1*, Sina Alaghmand2, Sanyogita Andriyas3, Muhammad Rehmatullah Khan4, Naveedullah5 and Amin Talei6
 
 
...were used under the drip system of irrigation. The crop yield in season 1, found under IT1 and IT2,were 11,337.3 and7764.4 kg.ha-1, respectively, without any salt accumulation in the wetted zone in both scenarios. Nevertheless, salts deposited at the wetted periphery at all three sampling depths, under both irrigation treatments, after the crop end. The benefit-cost Ratio (BCR) per hectare in season 1 was 1.90 and 1.69 under IT...
Sohail Akbar1*, Muhammad Shafiq2, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal2, Kashif Ishaq2, Muhammad Kamran2, Shazia Shamas3, Arbab Sikander4 and Muhammad Hashim5
 
 
...tal perspective, cooling systems (Fans and mist) along with shades and grazing at night are involved in environmental modification. Due to heat stress, intake of dry matter decreases but requirement of energy increases along with the bypass protein. So there is need of nutrition based management of animals in proper way.
...
BamideleAkinsanya1, Isaac O Ayanda2,*, Benson Onwusa1 and Joseph K Saliu1
...ealth of this aquatic ecosystem. Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH) and mono-aromatic hydrocarbons-benzene, toluene, ethylbenzene and xylene (BTEX) are chemicals derived from fossil fuels that easily get into the aquatic environment. These chemicals were investigated in the fish parasite Tenuisentis niloticus, as a reflection of the extent to which these compounds are present in the lagoon. One hundred (100) samples of Heterotis niloticus wer...

 Amjad Ali1*, Pirzada Jamal Ahmad Siddiqui1, Naveed Ahmad2,Shabir Ali Amir3, Rafaqat Masroor3,Seema Shafique1 and Zaib-un-Nisa Burhan1

...nt-size: small;">Reef ecosystem is an important source of recreation and fish diversity. Present study aimed to record the distribution and diversity of fishes from different coral habitats along the coast of Pakistan. Additionally, potential threats and conservation strategies were also discussed. SCUBA diving was conducted at 10 different dive sites along the coastline. Relative abundance of the fishes was determined using visual techniques. Sea water physio...

Faheem Aslam1,*, Aneel Salman2, Inayatullah Jan3 and Sarah Siddiq Aneel4

...nds on the kind of water systems and policies a country develops and implements. Due to its value and importance in all aspects of life, water is a highly political issue. The purpose of this study is to explore the water policies of Pakistan (2017) and India (2012) through quantitative analysis of textual data. The text mining of these water policies enables to analyze the massive amounts of information quickly, making connections and surface important links ...
Canan Vejselova Sezer*
...s a useful drug delivery system for silymarin that has poor water-solubility and an excellent candidate for anticancer drug development.
...

Atilla Yıldız

...ws was evaluated scoring system based on the five variables (colour, viscosity, spinnbarkeit, ferning and pH) describing appearance and characteristics of cervical mucus collected. Each parameter was graded from 0 to 3. Comparison of cervical mucus score including all parameters demonstrated a significant (P < 0.0001) increase between conceived cows’ mean score (13.47) and non-conceived cows’ mean score (10.59). All parameters of the cervical mu...
Arshad Bhat1*, Masudul H. Wani1, Shabir A. Wani2, Abid Qadir3, Iqra Qureshi4 and Abid Sultan2
 

...ide use on health and ecosystem. Furthermore, Contingent Valuation Method was employed for knowing the willingness of the apple growers to use pesticides in biodegradable packages for reducing the environmental damage caused due to dumping of polyethene and other non-degradable bottle in the canals, streams orchards and other open spaces. The results reveal that number of sprays are positively affecting the defensive expenses and is having a negative relations...

Salma Javed and Samreen Khan*

...oughly examined in vitro system by ensuring Potato Dextrose Agar (PDA). Two fungal species Fusarium oxysporum and Aspergillus niger were examined for their aptitude to assist the population rate of the said species. Nematodes were collected from soil around the rhizospheres of sponge gourd (Luffa cylindrical L.) field in the vicinity of National Nematological Research Centre, University of Karachi and further processed by Cobb’s sieving and Baermann&rsqu...

Aamer Sattar1, Sadia Sultana1*, Abid Niaz1, Muhammad Aftab1, Ghulam Sarwar2, Irfan Rasheed3, Muhammad Shoaib4, Raheela Naz1, Amina Kalsom1, Nisa Mukhtar1, Farah Rasheed1, Arfan ul Haq1, Munazza Rafique5, Muhammad Arif1, Sarfraz Hussain1 and Jafar Salim6

Tai-hua Jin1, An-gang Lou2,Jiu-xiu Ji1, Cheng-dou Cui2, Long-zheng Yu2 andLi-zeng Guan1*
...Luciferase reporter gene system was used to analyze the regulation mechanism between miR-1468 and GH. The results showed that the GH mRNA and protein level in pituitary cells of Yanbian yellow cattle could be significantly decreased by adding miR-1468 mimics (P<0.01), while these were significantly increased by adding miR-1468 inhibitor (P<0.05). The results of bioinformatics analysis and double luciferase reporter gene

Ch. Muhammad Rafiq1, Qasim Raza1*, Awais Riaz1, Misbah Hanif2, Wajiha Saeed2, Shawaiz Iqbal1, Tahir Hussain Awan1, Syed Sultan Ali1 and Muhammad Sabar1

...ld be recommended in DSR system to improve early crop establishment and sustainable production.

...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1 and  Muhammad Shahid Nabeel2 
...ns (intensive management system, IMS). They were offered roughage+concentrate at the ratio of 60:40. In 60 proportions the ratio between fodder (lucerne) and crop residues (gram crop residues) was 70:30. They were fed two isocaloric diets with different protein levels viz: one group with 18% CP and other group with 22% CP. Daily feeding allowance (@ 3% body weight) was calculated and adjusted according to fortnightly live weights. Water was provided twice a da...
Abdul Muhaimin Wahab1, Basit Zeshan2,*, Naveed Ahmed2, Muhammad Afzal2 and Muhammad Naveed2
...ce which were open house system and untreated water source. Other risk factors which includes small scale, not using probiotic and poor biosecurity were not significant enough in association to occurrence of C. jejuni. Based on the risk factors that have been identified, control measure to reduce the occurrence was; by changing the open housing system into close housing system, usin...
Rida Haroon Durrani1*, Fareeha Akhtar1, Ali Ahmad Sheikh1, Munazzah Maqbool1, Aleena Kokab1, Kiran Imtiaz2 and Muhammad Ilyas Riaz3
...o different managemental systems. Statistical analysis revealed that temperature and seasonal variations alongside storage conditions affect not only the shelf-life of fish meat but also increase the spoilage microbiota population, hence, altering the quality profile of meat. Therefore, we can conclude that storage temperature is a crucial factor in determining the quality of fish meat.
...

Shujaa Arshad1, Muhammad Umair1*, Rana Shahzad Noor1, Chaudhry Arslan2, Arslan Afzal1 and Zafar Islam3

...ith conventional cooling systems that use huge electric power and also these systems are not environment friendly. Therefore, it is needed to use alternate energy sources for cooling systems with environmentally friendly technologies. In this research, a small scale solar-driven desiccant cooling system was developed with 3 feet length, 2 feet width and ...

Safia Bibi1, Saima Naz1*, Saba Saeed1, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2

...tor contaminated aquatic systems.
...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1 and Nasir Ali Tauqir2

...es reared in traditional system. A total of 12 (equal males and females) Marecha camels housed in half-open pens were studied. They were fed gram straw adlibitum with 8 to 10 hours grazing/browsing along with twice watering on daily basis. In hair minerals analyses, the levels of minerals including calcium, magnesium, copper, zinc, iron and manganese were determined via standard lab procedures. Data collected was analyzed statistically by applying t test (&alp...

Mahwish Munawar1, Xu Shiwei1, Yu Wen1 and Muhammad Luqman2*

...’ food consumption system. Food consumption score and household food insecurity access score index were used for precise estimation of food consumption behaviour and food security level weekly and monthly. Food Consumption Score indicated that households are less food insecure weekly; not a single-family consumes less than required food. But when we analyze rural households’ consumption behaviour, up to 50 per cent of the population is on the borde...
Iqra Muzammil1, Muhammad Ijaz Saleem1, Amjad Islam Aqib2,*, Ambreen Ashar3Syed Ashar Mahfooz1, Sajjad ur Rahman4, Muhammad Shoaib4, Muhammad Aamir Naseer1, Imran Khan Sohrani1, Javeed Ahmad1, Razaullah Saqi1, Fizzah Laeeq Lodhi1 and
Qaisar Tanveer5
...i>0.0996), poor drainage system (OR=7.33, p=0.002), pond as source of drinking water (OR=2.05, p=0.179), stall feeding (OR=7.27, p<0.001), 4-6 years of age of goat (OR=4.2, p=0.0874), and teat injury (OR=13.74, p<0.001) were potential risk factors for subclinical mastitis. The in-vitro findings of current study revealed 100% sensitivity of S. aureus against gentamicin, oxytetracycline, amoxicillin, and lin...

Muhamamd Rizwan1*, Muhammad Arshad2, Muhammad Kashif3, Aneela Zameer Durrani4, Asghar Abbas5, Tanveer Ahmad6, Muhammad Nadeem7 , Kinza Khan8

...udy about the CRISPR Cas system and there role in genome editing, bacterial virulence and antibiotics resistance. CRISPR Cas system is an integral part of prokaryotic (Bacteria and Archaea) immune system that provides protection against viral infection. When bacteria recognize viral DNA inside it, bacteria incorporate small fragment of viral DNA into its genome at specific site termed as C...

Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Abdul Moeez1, Muhammad Zeeshan Manzoor1 and Aneela Riaz3

...thening of plant defence system is well documented particularly upon exposure to salt stress. Present research was performed using wheat variety Punjab-2011 with Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) under field conditions using three treatments and each replicated three times. Treatments were wheat florae were developed in plots having normal soil (EC= 2.32 dS/m) and salty soil (4.93 dS/m). Si as phosphate industry waste was applied @ 0, 50 and 100 µg...

Maqsood Ahmad1, Muhammad Umer Chattha1, Imran Khan1, Muhammad Bilal Chattha2*, Faqir Hussain Anjum3, Sadia Afzal4, Muhammad Faran1, Fiaz Hussain3, Muhammad Talha Aslam1, Abdul Jabbar5, Muhammad Sultan Ali Bazmi5, Mahnoor Mehmood6 and Muhammad Umair Hassan1

...n in rice-wheat cropping system (RWCS). Additionally, cultivar NM-2006 can be grown in RWCS to get maximum production.

...
Amreen Zahra1, Mushtaq A. Saleem1*, Hasnain Javed2, Muhammad Azmat Ullah Khan3, Muhammad Naveed1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori4
... the body’s immune system, including the CD4 cells, which help the immune system fight off infections. Gag-Pol are the principal viral elements in HIV-1, which cause disease initiation and progression. Here we present a comprehensive study, where both the in vitro and in-silico analyses were performed on HIV-1 from isolates of the Punjab area of Pakistan. The main objective in the current study...

Muhammad Yamin1*, Usama Ali Zafar1, Ghulam Usman2, Muhammad Nauman1, Muhammad Rizwan3, Muhammad Nadeem1, Muhammad Azhar Ali1 and Usman Haider1

...nt and validation of IoT system consisting of monitoring and control units were carried out for controlling the environmental factors in tunnel farming. Three tunnels were set for monitoring the environmental factors using temperature, humidity and soil moisture sensors. Two of three tunnels were fit with control units of exhaust fans and air heaters and a water pump for controlling the temperature and soil moisture. During the testing and validation of the

Fazal Subhan1,2, Abdul Malik1, Zia Ul Haq1 and Tariq Mahmood Khalil1,3*

... three furrow irrigation systems, AFI gave the highest WUE, while minimum WUE was associated with CFI. It can be concluded from this research study that AFI with full irrigation is the best method as compared to other furrow irrigation techniques to enhance WUE and to save water without a significant reduction in the yield of cauliflower.

...
Assefa Tessema Tecklie1*, Abebe Getahun Gubale1, Seyoum Mengistou Yilma1, Tadesse Fetahi Hailu1 and Eshete Dejen Diresilign2
...d and fishery regulatory systems enacted by the federal and regional governments should be implemented through application of community-based fishery management system.
...

Ahmed A. Kheder

... the Egyptian quarantine system which is interested in determining strawberry virus infections by using a single assay.

...

Sehrish Khudadad1, Muhammad Ather Rafi2, Ahmed Zia3, Mian Sayed Khan4, Gulnaz Parveen5, Muhammad Kamal Sheikh6*, Falak Naz7, Muhammad Qasim8 and Syed Waqar Shah9

...r the ecology of many ecosystems. They act as soil turners, environmental indicators, pollinators, seed dispersal/ orchid seed removal agent and scavengers. Ants can be both prey and predators for the crops and various insects. They also spread human diseases. Ant fauna is poorly known in Pakistan. As Pakistan occupies an important biogeographic position and the taxonomic studies on ants of Pakistan are badly needed. During this study ant specimens were collec...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

...arried out using solvent system toluene-ethyl acetate- formic acid-water (3:3:1:0.2).  The results of monitoring TLC suggest that callus obtained from Schenk and Hildebrandt (SH) media can proceed to the suspension culture stage because it showed brighter fluorescence spot than other callus and plant extracts, especially for rosmarinic acid. This research provides new information about secondary metabolites in callus derived from two varieties of O. arist...

Muhammad Akhtar1, Muhammad Tariq Mahmood2*, Kaiser Latif Cheema1, Mushtaq Ahmad2, Muhammad Jahanzaib Khalid1, Amir Amin1, Javed Anwar Shah1, Zeeshan Qadeer1 and Zeshan Ali3

Ain-ul-Abad Syed1*, Zaheer Ahmed Khan1, Shakeel Hussain Chattha1, Irfan Ahmed Shaikh2, Mian Noor Hussain Asghar Ali1, Zohaib ur Rehman Bughio3, Shahzad Hussain Dahri2 and Ghous Bakhsh Buriro4

Aya El-Turkey1, A. K. El-Attar1, A. E. Aboulata1, B. Othman2 and K. A. El-dougdoug2

...based vaccine production systems against HSV-2.

...

Eman A. H. Kattab1,3, A. H. Ebrahem2 , Om-Hashem M. El-Banna2 and Hanan F. EL-Kammar³

... found that BBMV reacted systemically with 12 species belonging to Fabaceae and locally with 2 species belonging to Chenopodiace. It was transmitted mechanically and by Sitona lineate. It was detected serologically by indirect ELISA using BBMV specific antiserum. Light microscopy of epidermal strips of faba bean infected-leaves revealed amorphous cytoplasmic inclusions (X-bodies). The UV absorption spectrum of the purified virus had a maximum at 260 nm and a m...

Amel, S.M. Abo-Senna1; M.A. Nasr-Eldin2; B.A. Othman3 and A.A. Megahed4

...pen field showing severe systemic symptoms. The isolated virus has wide host range belonging to 4 families resulting systemic and local symptoms. Stability of the isolated virus in vitro was found as 55 oC for TIP, 10-4 for DEP and LIV 4 days. The characteristic spectrophotometric data of the highly purified virus showing that maximum and minimum absorbance was 250 and 260 nm respectively; the ratio for A280/A260 was 1.004; ...
M. A. Kararah1, Om-Hashem M. El-Banna1, Salwa N. Zein2 and Abd-Elrehiem, A.F.3 
...re used for induction of systemic acquired resistance, whereas camphor
oil was used as an antiviral agent to reduce PMV infection. Parahydroxy
benzoic acid was effective at 0.001% concentration, exhibited 88.7%
reduction when had applied 2h before inoculation. Also, salicylic acid was
effective as it reduced infection to 77.4% at 0.01% concentration when
applied 3h before inoculation. Whereas camphor ...

Abd El-Hamid, M.I1; Seham, A. ElZeedy1; El-Sanousi A.A2, Reda, I.M2, Nehal, S. Saleh1., Abbas, A.M1

...uce abortion and nervous system disorders neonatal foal pneumonitis, highly contagious among susceptible horses, with viral Transmission to cohort animals occurring by inhalation of aerosols of virus-laden respiratory secretions. Extensive use of vaccines has not eliminated EHV infections, and the worldwide annual financial burden from these equine pathogens is immense. Clinical signs may occur despite the presence of a virus-specific immune response in the ho...

Sahar A. Youssef1; Manal A. El-Shazly1,2; Azza G.Farag1,3; Eman A. Khattab1,2

...ned using the TA cloning system. Nucleotide sequencing revealed the clones to be portion of PNRSV genome. These results indicate that the virus in rose is an isolate of PNRSV from Taif, KSA.

...

Hanan M. El-Zahed, Hanaa A. Mostafa, Nermeen M. El Sayed and Lamiaa M. Omar

...r even farms with closed system which maintain their birds in strong and well healthy state. Also it is preferable to vaccinate these birds with the inactivated AI vaccine at the 2nd WPV with either the DW or the S/C CAV vaccine. As the vaccinated birds showed the highest CAV ELISA Ab titers and the best immune response pattern to AI vaccine detected by HI test at this period.

...
Eman A. Ahmed1, Osama Y. shalaby2, Emad F. Dwidar2, Samah A. Mokbel1 and Ahmed K. El-Attar1
...l membrane and thylakoid system was absent. The xylem vesicles were characterized by deforming the secondary walls. Three methods were done towards the production of phytoplasma-free tomato plantlets through tissue culture using antibiotic compound (tetracycline hydrochloride in three concentrations 25mgL-1, 50mgL-1 and 75mgL-1), irradiation by three doses (3, 5 and 10 Gy) of gamma ray and natural compound (1ml of garlic juice). All treatments proven to be a v...

Asfand Raheel1, Syed Zulfiqar Ali2, Muhammad Waris2, Muhammad Basharat2, Basheer Ahmed2, Muhammad Arshad Ullah3, Syed Ishtiaq Hyder4 and Taqi Raza4*

...iate pattern-recognition system, capable of recognizing simple or complex odors. In the food industry, electronic nose is popularly used to detect smells and flavors of a wide range of food items. Latest steps are required for postharvest management through which the economy of horticultural products around the globe is almost at minimal losses. This review is highlighting the basic but truly important postharvest advancements to retain and maintain quality an...

Aly M. Abdel-Salam

...ough recombinant protein system for successful evaluation of resistance.

...

Ahmed A. Azab, Wesam H. Mady, Ali Zanaty, Mahmoud Samir

...the different biological systems for isolation of infectious bronchitis
virus.
Methods: The Egyptian variant 2 IBV strain representative to the current circulating strain in Egypt
was isolated in specific pathogen free (SPF) embryonated chicken eggs ECE), chicken embryo kidney
cell (CEK) and in Vero cell line and was confirmed for IBV detection by Reverse Transcriptase Real
time PCR (RRT-PCR) using IB...
Zain-Ul-Aabdin Abro1*,Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2 and Niaz Hussain Khuhro2

Ameer Hamza1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor Us-Sabah1, Ghulam Sarwar1 and Muhammad Luqman2,*

... quality water scarcity, systematic use of saline water with 20 % leaching fraction could be successfully used for betterment of impaired soil chemical properties (EC, pH, SAR). Our results showed that the leaching fraction was found to be effective to alleviate the negative effects of saline water on the soil properties. However, verification of this work at different agro-ecological zones and for other field crops will be required for future implementation.<...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Muhammad Amin3, Muhammad Sadiq Hashmi4, Nafees Ahmad5 and Rasheed Ahmad6

...ragmented and fragile ecosystem services while vulnerability to the rapid changes in LULC with irreversible impacts on ecosystems, especially in district Shangla. Real-time monitoring and assessment are essential to understand such changes in LULC. In the current study, spatio-temporal changes of LULC were obtained from MODIS (MCD12Q1) product from 2001–2018 to examine LULC in the district Shangla of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa...

Rupinder Kaur1,2*, Pretty Bhalla3, Jubin Kumar Saini4 and Sayeeduzzafar Qazi5

... the entire agricultural system. The purpose of this exploratory study is to fill this gap with the identification of potential work stressors for this profession. The paper also aims to investigate whether employment type (permanent or temporary) affects the level of role stress among agricultural extension officials. The role of gender, age and marital status on stress levels has also been examined further. For this purpose, the data was collected in the ye...
Maimoona Imran1,2, Soumble Zulfiqar2, Hafsa Saeed2 and Farah Rauf Shakoori1*
...ed more efficient efflux system as it expelled 94.46% of maximum stored copper within 24 h as compared to 56% by CC. These strains were also found substantially resistant to some other toxic heavy metals generally present in the industrial effluents. These strains exhibited good growth in the wide range of pH (5-10) and temperature (25 -44°C). KW and CC were also investigated for their resistance potential against various antibiotics. KW was found to be re...

Fahrauk Faramayuda1,2*, Totik Sri Mariani3, Elfahmi1,4 and Sukrasno1

...l content using gradient system HPLC 0.1% formic acid: acetonitrile. The qualitative analysis results showed that the two extracts of O. aristatus resulted from in vitro culture containing rosmarinic acid and sinensetin. When compared to the wild type, the chromatogram had a larger area than the wild type. This study provides new information regarding the secondary metabolite content of two O. aristatus from in vitro culture.

...
Pir Meher Ali Shah1*, Shahryar Shafique Qureshi1, Rizwan Aslam Butt2, Haider Ali3 and Shahid Khan4
 
...model is analyzed in Optisystem, and it is observed to support 40 Gbps of data, over 4 km length of FSO.  

...
Shoaib Khan1, Sida Hussain2, Amir Naveed1*, Nazia Wali3, Zafar Ullah1, Muhammad Arif1, Muhammad Sadiq4 and Muhammad Asif5

Hina Fatima1*, Bushra Yasmin2 and Lal Khan Almas3

...psicum multiple cropping systems under tunnels in Punjab, Pakistan. Given the wide land fragmentation and high population pressure, this is the dire need of time to get farmers involved in advanced and intensive farming techniques to attain self-sufficiency in production. This study conducted the efficiency and productivity analysis by applying the parametric and non-parametric techniques to evaluate the optimal utilization of farm resources in multiple croppi...
Arbab Zubair Ahmad1, Farman Ullah1, Hayat Badshah2, Muhammad Shehzad Khan1* and Bashir Ahmad1
...commended for production system of T. chilonis.

...

Sajid Abdullah1*, Huma Naz2*, Zunera Abbas1, Uzma Nazir1, Mehrunisa Basharat1, Tanveer Ahmed3, Adnan Ahmad Qazi2

...in monitoring aquatic ecosystems using fish biomarkers. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is novel for detecting the genetic damage at cellular level of fish (Wallago attu) caused by heavy metals and industrial toxicants in water.
...
Zunaira Noreen* and Khawar Sultan
...most balanced type of ecosystem. Sparrows were found only in urban areas. Two opportunist species (house crow and common myna) were found to be the most successful in exploiting available resources. Foraging of birds in layers with aggressive species feeding first and development of new learning mechanisms pointed to the change in bird behavior at the landfill. This work highlights the need for a new research field ‘Landfill Ecology’ to stud...
Kanwal Haneef1,2, Rakhshinda Habib1,3, Nadia Naeem1,3 and Asmat Salim1,*
...h SCF through retroviral system and co-cultured with rat CMs. Co-culture of SCF transfected MSCs and CMs have shown increased number of fused cells (P < 0.05) as compared to that in case of normal MSCs. This study suggests a potential role of SCF in enhancing the fusion potential of MSCs which may possibly improve the efficiency of MSCs for myocardial diseases.
...
Kang Chen1,2, Dekui He1, Chengzhi Ding3,4, Yintao Jia1 and Yifeng Chen1*
...of otoliths in marine ecosystems, feasibility of otolith shape as an investigative tool in freshwater fish assemblages needs to be validated. The aim of this study was to test stocks of Gymnocypris selincuoensis that may be distinguished using otolith shape from three rivers and eight lakes in northern Tibet. Shape indices (SDs) (form-factor, circularity, rectangularity, ellipticity, roundness, surface density and aspect ratio) and normalized Elliptic F...
Aftab Raza Khan1, Azhar Abbas Khan2*, Javed Iqbal3, Arif Muhammad Khan4, Zeshan Hassan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif2 and Umbreen Shahzad2
...reduced in the desert ecosystem of Bhakkar (Punjab) Pakistan. The study was conducted to study the population ecology and breeding biology in relation to feeding habits of grey francolin in 16 different stands in Bhakkar, Punjab, Pakistan. The line transect data suggested grey francolin presence in 15 out of 16 stands (93.75%). An average density of grey francolins 13.01±6.39/km2 varying between 0.30±0.23 and 1.97±0.65/ km2...
Iram Liaqat1,*, Safdar Ali Mirza2, Sumera Sajjad3, Shaukat Ali1,*, Muhammad Faiz Qamar4 and Ikram Ul Haq5
...pe III protein secretion systems of several gram-negative bacterial pathogens use flagella to invade foreign surfaces, host tissues and substrates. Flagellar biosynthesis and function in Salmonella typhimurium isregulated by >50 genes. Bioinformatics analysis of flagellar assembly in S. typhimurium identified several conserved structural elements. In this study, FliI a flagellar protein required for flagellar assembly and involved in a special...

Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3 

Khaliq Dad1, Muhammad Nawaz2*, Muhamamd Ibrahim3, Fengliang Zhao4, Rumsha Hassan2, Humaira Nawaz5, Muhammad Usman Saleem6, Kinat Javed2, Ayesha Komal2 and Hajra Naz2

... mobility in the soil ecosystem. The use of sludge and chemical sprays on crops increase the Cd contamination besides some other heavy metals. Through nutrient cycling, it is taken up from the soil to plants and finally becomes the part of human body which warrants serious health concerns. Cadmium causes mild to severe effects on plants, animals and environmental health. Humans are exposed to cadmium through food, water intake, inhalation (cigarette) and derma...
Ayman Balla Mustafa1, Abdalla Elgenaidi1, Aldukali Alkeskas1, Asim Faraz2,*, Ahmed Eisa Elhag3, Mohanad Bashari4 and Bernard Faye5
... postpartum under modern system. Eight she-camels were selected immediately after calving and assigned to two equal groups, early lactation (GY) and mid lactation (GD). Both groups were managed together at the same environmental conditions under intensive system. Collection of milk samples started at second week postpartum and continued biweekly interval up to end of 4th month postpartum. The total fat, protein, l...
Yuzhou Luo1, Ping Wang1, Kaijun Yu2*, Song Luo3 and Longjie Sun4
...ry-made sleep monitoring system. Furthermore, a commercial system was compared for validating the efficiency of our proposed algorithm. This work is the first study that successfully used breath sounds to classify sleeping conditions. The experiment validates the effectiveness of the proposed algorithm.
...

Muhammad Aftab1*, Aneela Riaz2, Ghulam Sarwar3, Muhammad Arif1, Qudsia Nazir1, Ifra Saleem1, Sarfraz Hussain1, Abid Ali4, Abid Niaz1, Fakhar Mujeeb4, Khalid Mahmood5 and Sarfraz Nawaz6

...ient antioxidant defense system developed in plants, which having lower molecular weight of antioxidants. It also reduces (ROS) enzymatic activities including catalase (CAT), peroxidase (POD) and superoxide dismutase (SOD). Under combined stress conditions agronomic, bio-chemical, quality and over all yield reduces, which is an alarming situation for agriculture sector. To assess the K effect on bio-chemical and agronomic characteristics of selected cotton cro...
Ayu Suci Wulandari1, Siwi Indarti1,2*, Muhannad Illayan Massadeh3 and Nguyen Van Minh4

Reena Ambreen1, Sadaf Sarfraz1*, Fouzia Qamar2 and Shomaila Skinadar1 

...ized in surfactant-water system. The present review focuses to study the effect of various parameters like pH, temperature, additive effect, surfactant structure and its concentration on the solubilizing power of surfactant molecules resulting in the exclusion of organic coloring agents/dyes which may serve as contaminants or pollutants. In addition to solubilization phenomena, in the present study foam formation more specifically ion flotation has been discus...
Bushra Shaikh, Sadia Muniza Faraz*, Syed Riaz un Nabi Jafri, Syed Usman Ali
...ctive robotic navigation system demands efficient localization and path planning techniques. A map matching algorithm based on matrix matching is being proposed in this paper. The localization of robot is determined by the path acquired during the random maneuvering on the grid based maze, whereas, the shortest path to the target position is determined by estimating x and y coordinates. The algorithm interprets the map of the environment, expressed by grid bas...

Najam-un-Nisa1, Ruqia Bibi1, Balqees Riaz1, Bushra Khalil1, Iqra Maheen1, Saima1, Uzma Islam Khan1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...ratory birds indicate ecosystem condition, healthy birds species indicate healthy habitat, while declining birds indicate degraded habitat. The objective of this study was to determine the bird species composition, species diversity, species richness, species evenness and status of bird species.

...

Huda Bilal1, Hasnain Raza2*, Kaynat Ahmed2, Iqra Tariq2, Qurat-ul-Ain2, Sana Sarfaraz1, Sanaullah1, Maryam Maqsood3 and Ali Raza3

...o its significance in ecosystem functioning, biodiversity is very important but difficult to replenish and recover when eroded. A severe threat to the anthropological system was the loss of biodiversity that took place over the planet. Climate change has the opposite effect on habitat fragmentation and contributes to the loss of biological diversity at the habitat, genetic, and species levels in a synergistic way. Land and a...
Anwar Khan1, Fareeha Nosheen2,4, Bushra Tabassum2*, Olawale Samuel Adeyinka2, Khurram Shehzad3, Naila Shahid2, Arif Muhammad Khan4 and Idrees Ahmad Nasir2
... to effectively stop its systemic spread.
...
Meiping Deng1, Xiaowen Ye1, Jiashan Wu1, Lijuan Chen1, Xiaoxia Jiang1, Changzheng Zhang1, Peiling Zhou1* and Yi Luo2*
...the role of arecoline on systemic blood pressure (BP) modulation and the modulatory characteristics. After rats were anaesthetized, saline or arecoline was intravenously administrated, and the systemic BP signals were recorded. We calculated the reaction times, the mean arterial pressure (MAP), the maximum changes in MAP, and the area under the curve (AUC; MAP change relative to the reaction time) due to arecoline stimulatio...

Hamida Bibi1*, Dave Rraffaelli2 and Muhammad Sharif1

...ition of ponds and canal system of North Yorkshire, UK. Samples of benthic communities from eight different stations were collected from the bed of ponds and canals with a pond net. The sites were varying in their qualities as determined in the laboratory by Average Score Per Texon (ASPT) as well as water conductivity. For most sites the body mass distributions were skewed towards smaller body sizes with another apparent mode for large size class. Contrary Ker...
Amin Arif1, Khizar Samiullah1*, Riffat Yasin2, Bilal Rasool1, Shakila Naz1, Xijun Ni3 and Saleem Akhtar1

Mohammad Aquil Siddiqui1*, Muhammad Mahran Aslam1, Mahboob Ali Sial1, Nighat Seema Soomro1, Muhammad Tahir Khan1, Shafquat Yasmeen1, Shumaila Sial2 and Imtiaz Ahmad Khan1

...in the existing cropping system and agronomic package of technology. Surhan-2012 is a first canola mutant variety developed through the induced mutagenesis (gamma irradiations), released for general cultivation practices in the province of Sindh.
...
Ömer Ertürk and Beyhan Taş*
...in the functioning of ecosystem, just like other bees, is not aggressive and it does not harm people.
...
Congfen Zhang1,Yingxiao Liu2, Linfeng He2, Fengjun Shi2, Weitang Yao2 and Xuegang Luo2,*
...atomic energy industrial system, but its toxic effects on most organisms are largely remained unknown especially in insects. Antheraea pernyi pupae were injected with uranyl acetate, which concentrations were 6.25mM, 12.5mM, 25mM. Changes in malondialdehyde (MDA) and reduced glutathione (GSH) and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), and catalase (CAT) as well as their corresponding mRNA levels in the fat bodies of the pupae were evaluated. As ...
Zhi-Peng Li, Laiba Shafique, Saif ur Rehman, Kui-Qing Cui, Xiao-Can Lei, Xing-Rong Lu, De-Shun Shi* and Qing-You Liu*
...bryonic development were systemically investigated. The expression of Gas6 in the process of follicular development was studied by immunohistochemical staining, immunofluorescence, QRT-PCR and western blot. Immunohistochemical staining results showed that Gas6 was expressed in the oocytes, especially the nucleus, from the primary to preovulatory stages. The further immunofluorescence results showed that Gas6 was expressed thoughout the in vitr...
Nida Sadaqat1, Abdul Wajid2, Quratul Ain2, Muhammad Zia Akbar2Farkhanda Manzoor4, Muhammad Sarwar Khan1, Nasir Ali3,  Masroor Ellahi Babar3 and Tanveer Hussain3*
...) in the central nervous system (CNS) and in some peripheral tissues in sheep and goats. Scrapie resistant/susceptibility have been associated with the presence of PRNP gene polymorphisms. We analyzed the polymorphisms in PRNP gene sequences in 49 wild Punjab urial (Ovis vignei punjabiensis). Four novel amino acids polymorphisms (p.Q149E, p.Q155E, p.Y228L and p.L253F) were detected in PRNP gene. The urial was monomorphic at codon 14...
Shoaib ur Rehman1, Jabbar Khan2*, Raaza Malja Khan3, Maimoona Azam4 and Zeeshan Mutahir5
...tion refractory mutation system-polymerase chain reaction (ARMS-PCR) technique, all samples were analyzed for the most common β-thalassemia mutations reported in Pakistani population. The most common mutations detected in karak region were frameshift codons (FSC) 8/9 (þG) (HBB: c.27_28insG), followed by IVS-I-5(G>C), FSC 5 (–CT) and Codon 15 (G>A). The present study hence showed differences with previous results from other regions of the...

Iffat Nawaz1*, Tahseen Zeb1, Bibi Saima Zeb2 and Javaria Sherani3

...d in traditional farming systems are the sole source of its production. 108 land races of beans including 96 landraces of Himalayan region, the ten Mesoamerican and the two Andean genotypes were evaluated at three locations during 2015 and 2016 at the Summer Agricultural Research Station Kaghan, Batakundi Potato Seed Farm Batakundi and Agricultural Research Station Baffa, Mansehra. This two year study is pioneer in Pakistan with an objective to document the ch...

Ruqia Bibi1, Najam-un-Nisa1, Sania Komal1, Hafiza Nimra Ghani Qureshi1, Maryam Safdar1, Hafiza Hina Jameel1, Saman Gul1, Sania Saeed1 and Inam Ullah1,2*

...indicate a freshwater ecosystem, healthy bird species indicate a healthy habitat, while declining bird populations indicate degraded habitat. Studies concluded that the diversity of migratory birds is decreasing at Chashma Lake due to deforestation and illegal hunting leading to habitat degradation, so there is a dire need to protect avifauna diversity for the proper functioning and stability of an ecosystem.

...
Shabana Naz1*, Nishat Ali Khan1, Arnab Tanweer1, Shifa Moazzam1, Qudrat Ullah2, Farkhanda Asad1, Irfan Khattak3, Sajida Batool4 and Rifat Ullah Khan5

Samreen Khan*, Salma Javed, Tabassum Ara Khanum, Nasira Kazi

...ct pests of agricultural systems. One of the alternative method against insecticides for better management of plant health under greenhouse and field circumstances in integrated pest management program. Being potential of these nematodes as biopesticides may be distributed to farmers to reduce use of insecticides already in practice and to control hazardous effect of chemical pesticides on both crops and human beings.
 
Iqra Mobeen1*, Rabia Arif1*,Maimoona Ilyas1, Siu Fai Lee2 and Muhammad Saleem1
...tion refractory mutation system–PCR (ARMS-PCR) yielding amplicons of different sizes. This study concluded that SNP markers are an efficient and informative marker system in S. fimicola. Most of the studied SNPs are non-synonymous substitutions, which might underpin functional differences in their protein products.
...

Adel M. Abdelrahman1, Sahar R. Mohamed1, Soliman M. Soliman2, Sherif Marouf3* 

...lly by a Vitek 2 compact system (bioMe´rieux). Suspected P. aeruginosa colonies carry ESBL were 56.6% by the double disc synergy test (DDST). Detection of virulence genes using pslA, toxA and exoU genes revealed that 29.4%, 23.5% and 17.6% respectively. Molecular detection of ESBLs encoding genes in P. aeruginosa recorded that blaTEM genes blaSHV and blaCTXM genes were detected in percentages of 64.7%, 47.0 % and 29.4%, respectively. Finally, ESBL P. aer...

Mohammed Naji Ahmed Odhah1,2*, Dhary Alewy Almashhadany6, Abdullah Garallah Otaifah7, Bashiru Garba5, Najeeb Mohammed Salah2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse4*, Mohd Azam Khan G.K3 

...th a strong surveillance system and good management practice of animals is needed in order to limit the impact of the disease among food animals and prevent human transmission.

Keywords | Cysticercosis; Parasitic Zoonoses; Neglected Tropical Disease; Food Animals; Dhamar Province; Yemen. 

...
Asim Faraz1*, Abdul Waheed1, Nasir Ali Tauqir2 and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel3
...der intensive management system by feeding two different dietary regimes. The study was carried out at Camel Breeding and Research Station, Rakh Mahni Tahsil Mankera District Bhakkar Punjab, Pakistan. Twelve male calves around one year of age were raised in stall-fed conditions by feeding two different diets. In roughage proportion lucerne and gram straw were fed. Daily feeding allowance was offered as 3% body weight. Water was provided twice a day. Non-signif...

Vladimir Safonov 

... the antioxidant defense system in pregnant and calved cows in the area with selenium favorable agrobiocenoses (Voronezh region, Russian Federation) and selenium-deficient biogeochemical province (Kirov region, Russian Federation). The LPO-AOS parameters were evaluated in 89 Black-Motley cows at the age, corresponding to 2 to 3 lactations, with mean or great live market quality and a weight of 500 to 650 kg. The content of microelements, malonic dialdehyde, en...
Weihao Chen1, 2, Zhilong Tian1, Lin Ma1, Shangquan Gan3, Wei Sun2, 4* and Mingxing Chu1*
...is is the first study to systematically analyze the expression patterns of clock genes in rams.
...

Muhammad Waryam Warraich1, Mukkram Ali Tahir1, Noor-us-Sabah1*, Ghulam Sarwar1, Muhammad Aftab2, Fakhar Mujeeb3, Muhammad Zeeshan Maznoor1, Aneela Riaz4 and Sarfraz Hussain2

...s from Pakistani farming system is very essential to sustain crop growth. Keeping in view of these issues, a pot study was performed at the departmental research area. The aim of the research was to depict the efficacy of the use of carbon sequestering fertilizer (compost, press mud and fly ash) along with conventional potassium fertilizers (MOP & SOP) on wheat growth and potassium availability in soil. Carbon sequestering fertilizers were applied @ 0% (Co...

Safdar Ali1*, Muhammad Umar1, Bashir Ahmad Khan2, Ijaz Ahmed3, Amir Manzoor1, Muhammad Saqib Riaz1, Muhammad Irfan Arif1 and Asif Nawaz1

...or. Mostly mono-cropping system is prevailing here. So, the pearl millet and mung bean were selected as test crops to evaluate the intercropping system in this region for the ultimate improvement of the net profitability of the farmers per unit area simultaneously not compromising with the food security and soil health. Different line spacing’s (inter and intra strip) i.e., 30, 60 and 90 cm were maintained along with d...

Asad Ullah1*, Umar Sadique2, Ibadullah Jan2, Imad Khan1, Raheela Taj3, Mumtaz Ali Khan4, Salah-ud-din4, Naimat Ullah Khan1

...n at the human-animal-ecosystem interface in low-resource settings and developing countries globally. Our study aimed to investigate the incidence of pulmonic tuberculosis caused by M. bovis in specific occupational groups; to study the socio-demographic conditions, awareness, level of knowledge and practices about tuberculosis; to investigate the molecular prevalence of bTB. Overall, 390 no of sputum samples collected as of 800-participants comprised of TB pa...

Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Umbreen Shahzad2, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sami Ullah2, Muhammad Arshad Farooq2, Muhammad Kashan2 and Shitab Khan2

...he impact of two tillage systems [reduced (10 cm depth, one tiller followed by rotavator) and conventional (20 cm depth, including disc plough, cultivator, rotavator, and levelling operations)] and five irrigation intervals (10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days) on cotton yield and lint percentage. Total irrigation water used in irrigation treatments, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30 days intervals were 1125, 750, 560, 450 and 360 mm, respectively. Results indicated that reduced t...
Yang Yang1,2, Ji Shao1,2, Mingxu Zhou3,4, Qiangde Duan1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*

..., and the quorum sensing system is involved in this process. To study the effect of quorum sensing signal molecule acyl homoserine lactone (AHL) on the biological characteristics of Enterotoxigenic E. coli (ETEC), gene lasI of Pseudomonas aeruginosa which is responsible for the synthesis of long side-chain AHL (3OC12-HSL), and gene yenI of Yersinia enterocolitica which is responsible for the synthesis of short side-chain AHL ...

Amal H. Mostafa, Mohammed Y. Matoock, Heba M. A. Khalil* 

... our modified behavioral system with suitable management procedures was successful; in terms of time-saving, accuracy, and reliability in assessing and managing free roaming dog’s aggressive level.

Keywords | Free roaming dogs, Aggression, SAFER, MATCH-UP-II, Management 

...

Asif Sadam1*, Rahmat Ullah Khan1, Sajid Mahmood1 and Juma Gul2

... at species level and ecosystem level, in terms of distribution, composition and function. Mardan district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa has different habitats; it represents a useful ecological model to identify the effect of habitat heterogeneity on bird communities. We conducted the study to explore the local avian fauna and to compare its composition and diversity in different habitats. Bird species were identified employing point counts method in urban area; agri...

Mary A. Sargious1, Hanaa A. Ahmed1, Ragab M. El-Shawarby2, Hatem H. Bakery2, Sherif I. Ramadan3, E. Gus Cothran4 and Ayman Samir Farid5*

...ed strain classification system “Al Khamsa” using samples of native Arabian horses reared in the El-Zahraa stud based on 16 microsatellite markers. El-Zahraa stud showed high inbreeding (FIS = 0.110) and should be corrected by modifying mating system through avoiding excessive use of certain sires in breeding program. Across the five basic strains of the Arabian horse, nine loci showed 13 private alleles with the...

Keqiang Wei1*, Yue Wei2 and Changxia Song1

...y on their innate immune system comprised of various cells, molecules and signaling pathways to survive. Although signaling pathways such as MAPK, NF-κB and Nrf2 have been extensively studied in vertebrates, our current understanding of them in crustaceans is still in the infancy. Studies have found that three members, i.e. p38, RelA (p65) and Nrf2 are evolutionarily conserved, but the specific cells responsible for their synthesis and function have not ...

Muhammad Khubaib Hameed, Muhammad Aziz ur Rahman, Muhammad Ashraf, Safdar Hassan, Muhammad Riaz, Muhammad Qamar Bilal, Fawwad Ahmad, Muhammad Sharif*

...owth, carcass and immune system in broilers birds. A total of 240 day old cobb-500 male chicks were purchased and were divided into 4 treatments in completely randomized design. Each treatment further subdivided into six replicates and each replicate contained 10 chicks. Four iso-nitrogenous and iso-caloric starter (CP and ME as 22% and 2850 kcal/kg, respectively) and finisher (CP and ME as 20% and 2950 kcal/kg, respectively) diets (A, B, C and D) were formula...

Xiaoli Cai1,2, Saeed Ahmed3, Zhixin Lei1,*, Jianping Wu1,* and Taolei Sun1,2,*

...more effective nanometer system to fight against intracellular bacterial infection. Current observation describes the drug resistance mechanism of bacteria, the bactericidal mechanism of antibiotics, the way of nanoparticles overpasses the cell membrane and approaching the cell, the strategies, prospects and challenges of nanoparticles treating intracellular bacteria.
...

Kashifa Naghma Waheed*, Tariq Rashid, Sikender Hayat, Muhammad Azeem and Sajid Ali Naqvi

...ngerlings in polyculture system containing Labeo rohita and Cirrhinus mrigala during twelve-week period. The data obtained was subjected to Multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to find out the statistically significant difference (p<0.01) between two treatments for their response to fish growth. The post-hoc test revealed that growth of Major carps was significantly higher with greenhouse as compared to without greenhouse (at p < 0.05). Growth and ...

Sajad Ali Solangi1, Jamal-U-Ddin Hajano1*, Rehana Naz Syed1, Sohail Ahmed Otho2, Khadim Hussain Wagan1, Agha Mushtaque Ahmed2, Fahad Nazir Khoso2, Aftab Raza Jarwar3 and Suman Tarique Qazi1

...s disease in the agro-ecosystem of Sindh Province of Pakistan. Therefore, in this study 12 commercial varieties of tomato such as, TO-1057, Advanta-1225, T-1359, Yaqui, Sahil, Ayushman, Early king, Advanta-1211, Kiara, Lima, Advanta-1209 and Ashoka were screened against the disease under field conditions during Rabi and Kharif growing season 2017-18. Observations were taken on disease incidence, severity and whiteflies population at interval of week after date...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Tatyana Tabakaeva1, Anna Klimovich2, Michail Shchelkanov1, Eduard Kostetsky1, Maksim Aliev1, Anton Degtyarenko3 

...s evaluation, interferon system (IFN) in particular, molecular guard factors for cell genome integrity evaluation (p53, etc.). Methods. In domestic cats with a previously established diagnosis of «FeLV-infection and chronic leukaemia» (n = 10) and healthy control cats (n = 6), we examined the following: 1) Haematological parameters of the blood; 2) Biochemical blood indicators of the physiological characteristics of the kidneys and liver, whose dis...

Chukwudi Njoku1*, Inyang Etim-Inyang2, Prince-Charles Itu1 and Arinze Uzoezie1

Saba Iqbal, Asmat Ullah*, Muhammad Luqman, Hafiz Muhammad Akram, Muhammad Kashif Munir and Nawal Zafar

...ainability in production systems. Thus, a two years field study (during 2017-18 and 2018-19) was conducted at research area of Agronomic Research Station Khanewal, Punjab, Pakistan to compare the existing traditional winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) planting techniques (broadcast and drill) with the water efficient planting techniques (ridge and bed planting) to evaluate their water use efficiency and their economic feasibility. Results of this study reveal...
Hadia Gul1, Abdul Haleem Shah1, Ricardo Harripaul2, Anna Mikhailov2, Ejaz Ullah Khan3, Wasim Shah3, Nisar Ahmad3, John B Vincent2,4 and Muzammil Ahmad Khan3*
...lbinism (OCA) is a multi-systemic and rare genetic disorder of pigmentation. It occurs due to defects in the melanin synthesis pathway. OCA is characterized by hypopigmentation of hair, dermis, and ocular tissue. The clinical consequences of OCA includes whitish skin, whitish to golden hair and photophobia. Genetic studies have so far reported seven non-syndromic OCA genes, among which Pakistani OCA families mostly segregate TYR and OCA2 gene mutations. In the...
Anjum Ara1, Usman Ali1, Muhammad Furqan2*, Zulfiqar Ali2
Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad3, Khawaja Basharat Ahmed4
Riaz Aziz Minhas4, Waqar Ahmed2, Zakir Hussain2 and Mian Aman Ullah2
...mponent of freshwater ecosystem, but their population is decreasing worldwide. Eight freshwater turtle species have been reported from Pakistan. The present study aimed to investigate the diversity, distribution, threats and conservation of freshwater turtles in Mirpur, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan where no research work was done previously. Study area was divided in three study zones (Mirpur, Dadhyal and Chakswari) along the Jhelum river and further sub-d...

Riaz Shah1*, Shaikha Hilal Al Ismaili2, Sheikha S. Al-Siaby1, Amal Mohammed Al Nasiri2, Thuraiya Hafidh Al Maskari2, Jamal AlSabahi3 and Huda Al-Ruqaishi3

...ced microwave extraction system. The essential oils chemical composition was determined using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrum (GCMS). Significantly higher oil yield was obtained from the fresh conventional Omani basil (675±25 µL per 100 g) which had the lowest number of volatile compounds (21). The fresh organic Belgian basil had the lowest amount of oil (325±12 µL per 100 g) but the highest number of compounds (35). α-pinene, ...
Abdul Jabbar1, Muhammad Tariq1*, Asim Gulzar1, Tariq Mukhtar2 and Tayyaba Zainab3
...tural biological control system, resulted in the development of resistance, interfered with natural food chains and had undesirable effects on the environment, non-target organisms and human health. Biopesticides such as plant extracts and green synthesized nanoproducts have received much attention as potentially useful bioactive compounds against mosquitoes. In the present study, the effects of extracts of four plants i.e. Azadirachta indica, Zingiber officin...
Dalia Khatun1, Md. Yeamin Hossain1,2*, Md. Firose Hossain3, Zannatul Mawa1, Md. Ataur Rahman1, Md. Rabiul Hasan1, Md. Akhtarul Islam1, Md. Ashekur Rahman1, Habib Ul Hassan4 and Sadicun Nahar Sikha1
...River and surrounding ecosystems.

...

Shumaila Nazir1, Iqbal Javed1, Muhammad Luqman2* and Azra3

...Pakistan. The results of system GMM (Generalized Method of Moment) shows that domestic prices, domestic exchange rate, distance were significant and negatively influenced on both equations; while, the population and exchange rate of importing countries, and domestic production has a positive and significant effect. It is suggested that Pakistan should concentrate more on economies with a large population as a Kinnow commodity importing nation. Stable exchange ...

Hams M.A. Mohamed1, Mona A. El-Zamkan2* 

...med by using VITEK®2 system which revealed the presence of four isolates of S. thoraltensis. The antimicrobial susceptibility of the obtained isolates was detected phenotypically and genotypically, in addition to the ability of these isolates to produce biofilm and protease enzyme. All the isolates displayed resistance to penicillin and oxacillin, while, two isolates were resistant to vancomycin and erythromycin, and three isolates were resistant to linezo...

Nafisa Shoaib* and Aisha Majid Ali

...t pesticides in a static system. The MN frequencies of all the pesticide treated mussel groups increased significantly (p< 0.05) until the end of the exposure period as compare to control. The highest MN frequencies were recorded after cypermethrin exposure on day 12 (7, 8.5 and 11‰ for 0.5 ppm, 1 ppm and 1.5 ppm concentrations respectively) in haemolymph. However the lowest MN frequencies were recorded after buctril exposure (3.5, 3.5 and 5‰ ...

Mirza Lena1,2, Dinda Fathia Syahramadani2, Alfi Nurrachma Gustya2, Arif Darmawan2,3, Sumiati2, Wiwin Winarsih4, Minoru Maeda5, Komang Gede Wiryawan2*  

Gülseren Kırbas Dogan1,*, Emin Karakurt2, Mushap Kuru3 and Hilmi Nuhoglu2

...served either locally or systemically. This study aimed to evaluate in detail the various anomalies in six calves according to pathological and anatomical investigations. Six calves were delivered to the Department of Pathology at the Kafkas University Faculty of Veterinary Medicine between 2017 and 2019. These calves comprised one with anencephaly, one with diencephalic syndrome, one with schistosoma reflexum, two with anasarca, and one with nasal and calvari...

Xuelong Chen1, Honghai Wang2, Wenchao Li1, Weina Guo1 and Yanping Qi1*

... article, we conducted a systematic meta-analysis aimed at exploring BHV-1 prevalence in yaks of the Chinese Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP). To complete this analysis, we identified all relevant articles on this topic in both English and Chinese literature databases published through March 20, 2020. Studies were not included in this analysis if they were reviews, repeats of previous studies, included inconsistent or incomplete data, non-yaks study, or provided ...

Bilal Jan1, Farida Anjum1*, Aasma Bibi1, Syed Roohul Hussain1, Abdul Ahad1, Azeem ud Deen1, Zia Ullah2 and Farrakh Mehboob3

...ntuvo-9000 GC-µECD system. A total of thirteen peach samples, ten from fruit orchards and three from fruit markets, belonging to five different varieties were collected and analysed. 38% of the samples were found to be non-compliant to EU-MRL for chlorpyrifos, 8% for atrazine and parathion-methyl, whereas no non-compliance was observed for FAO/codex maximum residue limits (MRLs). The designed method for the multi-class pesticide residues was standardized...

Hazel Tamakan* and Huban Gocmen

...automated identification system and PCR-RFLP. This is the first study to research the presence of MRSP in cats and dogs in Cyprus. The PCR-RFLP method based on the pta gene was confirmed to S. pseudintermedius. Methicillin resistance results were revealed with VITEK 2 and mecA gene detection was performed by PCR. A total of 100 samples including 50 cats and 50 dogs were examined from 6 veterinary clinics. S. pseudintermedius (4%) and S. aureus (8%) were isolat...
Ali Zohaib1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Mushtaq Ali2, Tahira Tabassum3 and Adnan Bashir1
...t of rice-wheat cropping system. Hence, two-year study was accomplished to find out the differences in growth, crop maturation duration, yield and economic benefits of Basmati rice varieties (Super Basmati, PK-1121 aromatic, Chenab Basmati, Kissan Basmati, Punjab Basmati, Noor Basmati and NIAB Basmati 2016) in Gujranwala rice-wheat cropping zone. Among all varieties, NIAB Basmati 2016 produced the greatest plant height. However, Kissan Basmati and NIAB Basmati...
Ilvir Khabibullin1*, Ruzel Khabibullin1, Irina Mironova1, Lyalya Musina2, Elmira Akhmadullina1, Victoria Morozova1 
...al stability of the body systems that ensure oxygen delivery to the working muscles.
 
Keywords | Adaptation, Adsorbed drone brood, Lemongrass seed tincture, Male hamsters, May chang tincture, Mice, Pantocrine tincture, Physical load
...

Mohammad Mahmudi1,2*, Muhammad Musa1,2, Sulastri Arsad1,2, Evellin Dewi Lusiana1,2, Alamanda Bunga1, Nur Azlina Wati1 

...Bioindicator; Coastal ecosystem; Integrated mangrove aquaculture; Aquaculture sustainability; Shrimp farming 

...

Doaa Khairy1, Mohamed Ali Osman2 and Fatma Abdel Mohsen Mostafa1*

...able and organic farming systems.

...

Husmaini1*, Riza Andesca Putra1, Indri Juliyarsi1, Tevina Edwin1, Linda Suhartati1, Aditya Alqamal Alianta1, Harmaini2 

... traditional maintenance system with natural mating, own seed sources, and hatching methods in maintenance management. There were cuts in KBC 59.65% with 277 chickens and sales of KBC 64.91% with 397 chickens, It concluded that the increase in the KBC population in in-situ areas is still slow, so it is necessary to improve maintenance management strategies in order to maintain indigenous chicken Indonesian especially in West Sumatera.

Keywords | Kokok ...

Honnakerappa S. Ballari1 and Shashikant S. Udikeri2*

... important in any agroecosystem. The resistance to classical insecticides viz., synthetic pyrethroids, organophosphates and carbamates was global issue in early nineties. Hence many new generation pesticides are in use widely. To know the status of different insecticides belonging pyrethroid, ogranophaopsahte and carbamate molecules monitoring was exercised using populations of H. armigera collected from different agroclimatic situations in Karnataka state, In...

Hosny Kesba1, Ashraf Suloma2, Samy Sayed3*, Abdullah Abdel-Rahman1 and Shaimaa Diab1

...major problem in organic systems. This study was carried out to examine the influence of irrigation with different effluent water sources, including semi-intensive tilapia pond (STP), intensive tilapia biofloc (ITB) systems, and well water (WW), on the reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita infecting eggplants7 or 45 days after planting in sandy loam or sandy soils. Each irrigation source was applied daily at 150 mL/pot. The ...

Mashakgene Isaac Senoamadi, Thobela Louis, Tyasi Teedzai Chitura* 

...es in a communal farming system of Limpopo province, South Africa. Twenty-six sheep and one-hundred and sixty-three goats were evaluated for clinical haemonchosis using the FAMACHA© diagnostic system. Information on the methods of control used by the smallholder farmers was gathered through a questionnaire-based survey that was carried out by interviewing forty-seven Small ruminants farmers (both males and females) of m...

Zunping Ke1, Chao Li2, Qiang Liu3, Gang Bai4, Junfeng Wang5, Ming Zhou5 and Xiao Dong5,*

...annot be found. To avoid systemic hypoperfusion on bypass through loss of volume to the pulmonary circulation and shunting of cardioplegic solution to the pulmonary circulation through the fistula, a little increase of cardioplegic solution was given and the surgery was performed successfully. VSD was closed by using autologous pericardium patch, whilst pulmonary valvotomy, pulmonary arterioplasty and right ventricular outflow tract (RVOT) augmentation were pe...

Guo-dong Zhao1,2*, He-ying Qian1,2, Yi-ling Zhang1,2, Gang Li1, 2, Jian Tang1, 2 and An-ying Xu1,2*

...logy (GO) classification system. Pathway enrichment analysis was carried out using the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database. Furthermore, some selected differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were verified by qRT-PCR. Our results can facilitate the overall understanding of the mechanism of silkworm’s tolerance to pesticides and provide a new control strategy of Lepidoptera pests.

...

Roheela Yasmeen1* and Samia Chaudhry2

... people with weak immune systems. Its most common reported symptoms are fever, fatigue, dry cough, lymphopenia, raised levels of lactate de-hydrogenase and, bilateral patchy shadows or ground glass opacity in the lungs (opacities may be mild damage of one lobe or all five lobes). This virus has the potential to affect pregnant women, however, its prevalence was not noticed in new-borns. Time to recovery is generally two weeks. To reduce the spread of COVID-19,...

Laiba Ajmal1, Sidra Ajmal2, Maleeha Ajmal3, Gul Nawaz3, Rabail Hassan Toor4, Hooria Younas1, Tassaduq Hussain Sheikh5 and Raazia Tasadduq1*

...x as the maternal immune system accepts and tolerates the semi allogeneic fetus. Continued tolerance of the fetus relies on an optimal immune privileged environment that allows the developing fetus to avoid recognition and rejection. Any dysregulation in the crosstalk between the host’s immune system and the fetal allograft would result in rejection of the fetus, subsequently leading to miscarriages. The functioning of...

Djadouni Fatima* and Meliani Amina

...iene and poor management systems are the most responsible factors of these diseases that cause annually significant livestock losses affecting the economy, animal diversity and ecological balance. These diseases are transmitted among animals in different ways and endemic especially in large and common pastures and among the causes of their spreads are contact, vectors, air, water, feeds, wastes, and pollution. Environmental conditions play an important role in...

Masudul Haq Wani and Arshad Bhat*

...adopt the new production system module developed by Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology of Kashmir for getting doubly benefited though production gains and employment avenues. Keeping in view the benefits and economic value of this legendary crop, the present study is undertaken in the state of Jammu and Kashmir, which enjoys virtual monopoly in the cultivation of saffron, producing around 99 percent of the total saffron productio...

Saima Naz1*, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha2, Sajjad Ali2 and Muhammad Irfan Ullah3

... an important role in ecosystem. Different types of environmental pollutants like heavy metals, pesticides and antibiotics cause changes in insect diversity and continuously have become threat to health of living organisms. Additionally, pollutants coming from traffic smoke also affect the interaction of insects with other insects and plants. Exposure of toxic level of heavy metals can cause DNA damage, learning, sensory disability and memory deficit. Major po...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ayesha Latif2, Majid Hamid Bajwa1, Iftikhar Ahmad1, Ali Zohaib1, Naeem Faisal1 and Muhammad Hamza3

...d in rice-wheat cropping system of Gujranwala zone, Pakistan during Kharif season 2020 to estimate the economic viability and profitability analysis of mechanically transplanted rice (MTR) in comparison to conventional manual transplanting (CT). Convenience and snow-ball non probability sampling method was used due to less adoption rate of MTR with a sample size of 240. Among targeted MTR growers 72% had 6-row riding type mechanical transplanters (MT), 18% had...
Syarif Husen1*, Devi Dwi Siskawardani2, Setiawan Deny Rexmardi1, Erny Ishartati1, Muhidin Muhidin1, Jumpen Onthong3 and Ivar Zekker4
...pair air and groundwater systems that supported plant roots growth and optimum capability to absorb nutrients.
...

Md. Taimur Islam1*, Mirza Mienur Meher2, Anas Bin Harun3 and Md. Golam Haider1

 

...r due to poor management systems. Overall, respiratory diseases are most common in the country and outbreaks of such diseases appear frequently. Therefore, an integrated approach including strict biosecurity, good farming practices and proper vaccination should be taken into consideration for the prevention of these respiratory diseases to ensure sustainable poultry production in Bangladesh.

...

Weidong Huang1,2,3, Xinyue Liang1,2,3, Xiufeng Xie4, Xingmin Wang2, 3 and Xiaosheng Chen1,2,3*

...notypes individuals. Our systematic analyses illustrated the same elytral forms of M. sexmaculatus do not possess closely-related phylogenetic relationships. However, these clear photographs of different elytral color patterns of M. sexmaculatus and the results of our analyses may prevent our incorrect identification for this species. 

...

Anis Suraya Mohamad Abir1, Sakinah Yusof1, Abd Rahaman Yasmin1,2, Abdul Rahman Omar1,3, Kok Lian Ho4, Wen Siang Tan1,5, Abdul Razak Mariatulqabtiah1,6* 

...n affect many production-system variables, such as size, performance and viability. Studies on the interactions between chicken bone marrow-derived dendritic cells (chBM-DCs) and FWPV and its recombinant viruses are limited compared to other avian viral infectious diseases. Therefore, this study characterised the response of chBM-DCs to infection with the wild-type (WT) FP9 strain of FWPV compared to a recombinant FWPV carrying the H5 gene of avian influenza v...

M.A. Salam1,*, Sarada Kanta Bhagabati1, Rajdeep Datta1, H. Ramananda Singh2 and Gunajit Oinam2

...ine and other aquatic ecosystems and the ecological complexes of which they are part; this includes diversity within species, between species, and of ecosystems. The fish diversity of lake Kharungpat comprised of 29 species under 20 genera, 11 families and 6 orders. The study revealed that, among the identified fish species Amblypharyngodon mola, Esomus dandricus, Puntius sophore and Channa orientalis was found to be highly ...

Ahlam G. Khalifa1*, Walaa A. Moselhy1, Hanaa M. Mohammed2 and Khaled Abdou1 

...ronmental and biological systems. Few studies on the genotoxicity of subchronic oral exposure to nano pesticides have been published. Male albino rats have been randomly divided into 4 identical groups. Group (I) had received only corn oil and acted as a control group. Group (II) had been given 3.855 mg/kg BW deltamethrin. Group (III) obtained deltamethrin loaded silica Nps at a dose of 8.795 mg/kg BW. The group (IV) obtained deltamethrin loaded chitosan Nps a...
Yang Yang1,2, Hong Zhou3, Ji Shao1,2, Xinyi Zhang1,2, Pengpeng Xia1,2, Mingxu Zhou4,5, Qiangde Duan1,2 and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*
...ene of type VI secretion system (T6SS), on the biological characteristics related to the virulence factor of F18 Shiga toxin-producing Escherichia coli (STEC). In this study, based on the construct of the wild type F18 STEC (F18), hcp1 deletion mutant (F18ab△hcp1) and complement strain (F18ab△hcp1/phcp1), their pathogenic differences were compared, and the function of hcp1 was discussed from the aspects of growth curve, biofilm formation, adherence, invasi...

Wafaa M.A. Ghoneem*, Muhammad M. Shaklouf, Ali M. Ali and Mohammed H. Bakr

... biochemistry and immune system response of the animals. Culbac® was added at 0, 10 and 20g/h/d in G1 (control), G2 and G3, respectively. Digestion coefficients of the most nutrients and nutritive value did not significantly (P<0.05) differ between G2 and G1. However, G3 recorded lower values. WBCs, RBCs, Ht, Hb, lymphocytes, monocytes, basophils, eosinophils and neutrophils were not affected by treatment. Culbac® significantly (P<0.05) decreased...

Mujahid Tanvir1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1*, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Mazhar Iqbal Zafar2, Muhammad Tariq3 and Muhammad Bilal Tayyab1

..., dengue, filariasis and systemic allergic reactions in humans. Southern house mosquito Culex quinquefasciatus Say is found in tropical and subtropical regions of the world and transmits many zoonotic diseases in humans and in wild and domestic animals. It is primarily controlled by the extensive use of conventional synthetic insecticides against most of which it has developed resistance. This study was aimed at determining the toxicity of selected microbial a...

Ikele*, Chika Bright, Ujunwa Aghaji, Mgbenka, Benard Obialo 

...ere added in the control systems. The CN ratios (cassava and wheat) of 10:1 and 20:1 were; cassava (CA 10:1, 20:1) groups C, D, and wheat flour (WH10:1 and 20:1) groups E and F, respectively. Meanwhile, the normal controls, group A (inoculum, no carbon addition) and B (no inoculum, no carbon) had 50% water exchange and received only fish feed at 3% body weight. The physicochemical parameters maintained the tolerable limit for catfish farming. Significant weig...

Phassakon Nuntapanich1*, Hathaichanok Nuntapanich2 and Woraman Maicharoen3

... local rice-fish economy system of small farmer households in Tung Kula Ronghai (TKR), Northeast Thailand. Secondary data related to the study site were collected and analyzed to enhance primary data collection. A semi-structured interview was used for in-depth study in the community. Trapping ponds in paddy fields have developed and transferred from the old generation as local wisdom. It is the tools considering as an appropriate technology, which enables the...

Md. Enayet Kabir1, Md. Jahangir Alam1*, Md. Mosharaf Hossain2, Zannatul Ferdaushi3 

...s a conventional feeding system. Cattle in the other two treatment groups were fed TMR, where one fed TMR (TMR1) with control ration and the other fed TMR (TMR2) with the same feed ingredients in the same quantity except probiotic fermented rice straw instead of untreated rice straw of TMR1. The trial lasted ninety days. Feeding of TMR2 improved the growth rate (P<0.05) of fattening cattle compared to others. Furthermore, TMR2 fed cattle had higher (P<0....
Zayed Mohammad Ali I.1*, Mona Mohamdy1, M.F. Shehata1, Nasser Ghanem2
...der different management systems. Sixteen Abo-Deleek lambs aged six months were used in the present study. Experimental lambs were divided according to body weight into two similar groups and then randomly allocated to two different management systems, intensive (G1=22.31± 3.95kg) and semi-intensive (G2=22.34±1.98kg). At the end of the experiment, fourteen lambs were slaughtered to evaluate carcass traits. Ther...

Aiman Batool1, Muhammad Sohail Sajid1,2*, Hafiz Muhammad Rizwan3**, Asif Iqbal4, Imaad Rashid5, Ibadullah Jan6, Faiza Bano7, Fiaz Ahmad8, Waqas Ahmad1, Muhammad Nisar Khan1 

... = 98.44%), open housing system (goat = 94.12%; sheep = 96.36%), and un-cemented floor patterns (goat = 91.47%; sheep = 94.31%). In the study area, nematodes (sheep = 48.43%, goat = 34.38%), babesia (sheep = 17.71%, goat = 3.91%) and ticks (goat = 48.70%; sheep = 39.58%) were prevalent significantly (P < 0.05). However, the association of extrinsic factors like tehsils with the prevalence of ectoparasites was non-significant (P > 0.05) in the sheep and g...

Barirah Rehman Talpur1, Zaheer Ahmed Nizamani1*, Imdad Hussain Leghari2, Mansoor Tariq1, Aisha Rehman3, Shahnawaz Kumbhar1 

...ith lesions in digestive system of broilers.

Keywords | Fluorosis, Rabbits, Broilers, Liver, Kidney 

...
Chinar Mustafa Mohammed1*, Thamer M. Bashir1, Omar A.M. Al-Habib2, Farhad Ramadhan1, Mohammed Bassam1
...ruments data acquisition system and LabChart software. The results showed infusion of Taurine 1mg/kg/hr, 2.5mg/kg/hr and 10mg/kg/hr non significantly change heart rate (BPM), QRS intervals, S amplitude (mV), T amplitude (mV), ST height (mV), JT height (mV), QT intervals (s) and QTc (s).
 
Keywords | ECG, Taurine, Isolation, Heart rate, QRS
...

Ida Bagus Oka Winaya1*, Anak Agung Ayu Mirah Adi1, Putu Henrywaesa Sudipa2, I Gusti Ketut Suarjana2

...n pigs, the infection is systemic with high morbidity and mortality, especially in young pigs. This disease causes significant economic losses to the swine industry worldwide. This study aims to determine the histopathological changes of meningoencephalitis and arthritis in post-weaning piglets suspected of streptococcosis. The samples were 35 cadaver of post weaning piglets that showed muscle spasm and swollen joint at several villages in Badung Regency, Indo...

Aamir Ibrahim1, Bingyao Chen1, Hassan Ali2, Imran Ali3, Yang Cao1 and Guang Yang1*

...found in the Indus River system of Pakistan including Beas River in India which is a part of Indus River system, enlisted in Appendix I of CITES Red List of threatened species. Currently, the whole population across the Indus River in Pakistan is divided into four subpopulations. Although photo-identification efforts on freshwater dolphins were successfully made on the Irrawady dolphin (Orcaella brevirostris) in South Asia, ...

Asim Faraz1, Muhammad Yaqoob2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Hafiz Muhammad Ishaq1, Ayman Balla Mustafa4, Amir Ismail5, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6, Abdul Waheed1* and Muhammad Shahid Nabeel7

...emi-intensive management system (SIMS). Selected animals were divided into two comparable groups of 22 animals in each to determine the hormonal profile. G1 was composed on lactating non-pregnant while G2 had newly bred she camels. Blood samples from G1 was collected at first day of trial, while G2 animals blood collection was done at day 14th and 21st day post mating. All the blood samples were centrifuged at 5000 rpm for five min; serum was collected and sto...

Syed Muhammad Amir1*, Shehzad Khan2, Asif Ali Abro3, Ehsan Inamullah4 and Tahir Mehmood5

...nd existing poor farming systems in Pakistan have driven implementation of biogas technology by governmental and non-governmental organizations. This study focuses on the rate of successful adoption of bio gas technology and its multiple impacts on 113 farming households in two purposively selected districts of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province (i.e. district Mardan and Dera Ismail Khan). Based on the descriptive nature of the study, quantitative approach was used w...

Najmul Saqib* and Himayathullah Khan

...ity of crops under these systems was Rs. 39.174 and education was Rs. 8.987 which were positive and statistically significant. It was found that intercropping practice in comparison to boundary line plus intercropping was statistically significant.

...

Abdullah Channo1*, Asmatullah Kaka1, Qudratullah Kalwar2, Imdadullah Jamali3, Ghulam Jelani2, Muhammad Bakhsh4, Ghulam Nabi Dahri5 and Jai Parkash Goil6

...he improper managemental system, and the prevalence of COD is 10-13% which is associated with selection, heredity, age, environment, improper nutrition, herd size, housing, high milk production, body condition score, lactation period, seasons, retained placenta, stress, metabolic disorders and hormonal imbalance. COD is generally at highest from 30 to 60 days of postpartum. The exact pathogenesis of COD is still not confirmed, but the abnormal neuroendocrine r...

Xinjun Zhang1,2, Pengyong Wang1,2, Huimin Ju1,2, Yanhong Wang1,2, Yang Yang1,2* and Guoqiang Zhu1,2*

...cnf1, hlyD), iron uptake system encoding genes (iroN, iut, ireA) were investigated, and the ability of biofilm formation was examined. In addition, UPEC in invading T24 cells, cytotoxicity, immune response and synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines were discussed. The results showed that fimH was 100% detected, followed by iut, iroN, and focA, with the detection rates of 71.4, 57.1 and 57.1% respectively; while papG allele I, papG allele I’, papG allele ...

Nurul Isnaini*, Akhmad Kurniawan, Muhammad Nur Ihsan, Dedes Amertaningtyas, Artharini Irsyammawati, Faizal Andri 

...attle integrated farming system. Indonesian local cows (n=200) and Brahman crossbred bulls (n=10) were raised under oil palm and cattle integrated farming system. Data were collected for cow and calf performance from two consequent calvings that were distributed into two groups according to the rainy days and rainfall for a year backward from the calving date. The rainy days were categorized as low (< ...

Muhammad Waqas Imam Malik1, Khalid Usman1*, Amir Hamza1, Muhammad Saad1, Said Ghulam2 and Azmat Ullah1

...plicated thrice. Tillage system (i.e. reduced and conventional) was main plot treatment and potassium levels (0, 50, 100, 150, 200 & 250 kg ha-1) sub-plot. K-levels were applied 50, 100, 150, 200, and 200 kg ha-1 as soil application treatments and 1, 2, 3, 4, and 5 as a foliar application of 2% K2SO4 solution at peak boll formation stage. Results revealed that tillage did not influence yield and quality attributes of cotton; however, potassium levels signi...

Waleed Asghar1,2*, Ahmad Mahmood1, Farhan Iftikhar2,3, Bushra Ahmad4, Rehmat Ullah5, Muhammad Bilal5, Abdul Latif6*, Muhammad Arsalan6, Madeeha Khan6, Rizwan Latif7 Muhammad Ehsan7

...e for mono-cropping soil systems than poultry fresh manure in soil enzyme activities, nitrogen mineralization, and fungal biomass. In conclusion, functional organic waste as an additive to conventional fertilization could save chemical fertilizer’s contribution and minimize soil deterioration by overuse of chemical fertilizers.

...

Arsalan Maqbool1,2, Faez Firdaus Abdullah Jesse1,3*, Eric Lim Teik Chung3,5, Abd Wahid Haron3, Mohd Azmi Mohd Lila5, Bura Thlama Paul3,4, Khaliq ur Rehman Bhutto3,6 

 

...using on the respiratory system of small ruminants from clinical and research perspectives. However, there is still a lack of understanding of this disease’s pathophysiological changes and impact on the reproductive system of affected animals. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to examine at the reproductive hormonal profile of female goats experimentally infected with Mannheimia haemolytica serotype A2 during ra...
Eman M. Aboelela1, Mohamed A. Sobieh2, Eman M. Abouelhassan3, Doaa S. Farid4, Essam S. Soliman2*
... in the multiple housing system of dogs and during summer in the single and spring in the multiple housing system of cats. Highly significant (P < 0.01) increases during spring, spring, winter, winter, and spring seasons in dogs and spring, spring and summer, spring, and fall seasons in cats consumed dry, cooked, raw, canned, and mixed food respectively. Species-specific PPinfestations revealed highly significant (P < ...

Khaliq Dad1, Fenliang Zhao2, Rumsha Hassan3, Kainat Javed3, Humaira Nawaz4, Muhammad Usman Saleem5, Tahreem Fatima6 and Muhamad Nawaz3*

...d severely affect the ecosystem by causing acute or chronic disorders in the people of all ages. Similarly these pesticides cause serious threats to the aquatic ecosystem after their release by comprising different toxic substances, heavy metals and contaminants. This review paper has focused on the toxic nature of different pesticides, impacts and their possible refinement strategies from the environment as well as ways to ...

Amina Batool1*, Saba Aleem1, Ali Nawaz1, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Waheed Arshad1, Muhammad Aslam2, Shiraz Ali3 and Muhammad Zeeshan3

...at-based crop production system, it can be easily managed. An indiscrimination in seeding rate can lead to higher production cost but will also result in decline of crop yield and quality. Hence, the present experiment was designed to establish the optimal seeding density of three different wheat genotypes (Fatehjang-2016, Dharabi-11 and 16FJ17) of the Barani Areas to attain maximum economic yield. The research experiment was managed in split amidst the croppi...

Rahmat Ullah Khan1*, Asif Sadam2, Karim Gabol1, Waheed Ali Panhwar3, Sajid Mahmood4, Mustafa Kamal5, Hamid Ullah6, Syed Abidullah7, Muhammad Tufail8, Bashir Ahmad4, Gul Bacha Khan4 and Habib Ul Hassan1

...of 22 nests were studied systematically. The eggs were hatched out both from the middle point and blunt end. All the eggs were hatched asynchronously with closed eyes and a naked body. They opened their eyes on average after 3.27±0.4 days of hatching. Their wing and tail feathers grew on an average of 3.8±0.3 day of age. On the 8th day, their average morphometry (cm) was: body length 6.7±0.1, wingspan 4.8±0.1, tail feathers 0.8&plus...

Muhammad Furqan and Zulfiqar Ali

... bioindicators of our ecosystem and their population is declining. We investigated diet composition and threats to kalij pheasant Lophura leucomelanos to prepare conservation and management strategies in Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan. The diet analysis was done through crop contents of kalij pheasants, threats were assessed through field surveys, communities meeting, and data from 250 questionnaires during April 2020 and March 2021. Based on analysis of thr...

Muhammad Haris Raza Farhan1*, Qamar Iqbal1, Tariq Jamil1, Muhammad Fayaz2, Abdul Kabir2,3, Eid Nawaz2, Marjan Ali2, Shumaila Manzoor2 

...ts can affect the immune system of the animals increasing their susceptibility to different infections including parasitic infestation. A referral clinical examination was carried out on a small ruminant farm with a mixed population of sheep and goats. History taken from the farm owner revealed the mortality of 8 animals within the duration of 14 days following a pattern of anorexia, no fever, emaciation, recumbency, and ultimately death. A detailed physical a...
Idrissa Sacko1, Madou Dao1, Souleymane Sanogo1,2*, B. Michel Orounladji2, Kaly Diakité1, Diakaridia Traore3, Mamadou D. Coulibaly1, Amadou B. Cisse1
... a direct image transfer system on screen, respectively. Sperm concentration and total sperm count in ejaculate were determined by microscopy using single chamber Neubauer cell. Results show that ejaculate volume was influenced (p < 0.05) by individual (buck). Besides, individual and period of collection had no impact (p > 0.05) on mass motility. However, the period of collection significantly (p < 0.05) affects ejaculate volume, vitality, sperm conce...

Muhammad Khalil Nawaz* and Muhammad Akbar Khan

...ar Syedan area through a system of comparative analogy is also briefly discussed.

...

Saba Rashid*, Rehan Ashraf, Hafiza Faseeha Iftikhar, Zohaib Bilal Khan, Samreen Sanawar, Aamina Jamil, Misha Salam Bajwa, Manahil Riaz 

...nine distemper is a multisystemic disease that typically affects the gastrointestinal, lymphoid and respiratory system. In many clinically and sub-clinically affected dogs, neurological manifestations of canine distemper occur 2-3 weeks later, albeit they may appear even months or years later. This neurological form of the disease affects the white as well as the grey matter of the CNS. Owing to the involvement of both white...

Alexander Tsybulsky1*, Eduard Kostetsky1, Anton Degtyarenko2, Michail Shchelkanov1,2,3 

...e spectrum of target IFN system genes and a number of key cell cycle control factors. These differences were expressed in the tumour tissue itself, in WBCs and in the uterus tissue. Decreases of gadd45g and ifnλ1 genes expression in BC tumour tissue were the most significant. Recent findings and conclusions. The high level of p53, rb1 and cdkn2a gene expression in animals with BC can serve as a criterion for the intensity of the mechanisms of antitumour...

Heba S.S. Salem1, Hend M. Megahed2, Marwa M. Sarhan2, Maha M. El Alem3, Gehan N. Alagmy3* 

... venom alone or added to systemic antibiotics for curing septic arthritis caused by Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus). Thirsty-five naturally infected cases of rabbits with arthritis were screened for the prevalence of S. aureus as a causative agent. S. aureus was diagnosed in 40% of the examined cases via traditional culture methods and molecular confirmation using PCR. All tested S. aureus isolates were positive for virulence-associated genes (nuc, icaA, and...

Khurram Sheraz* and Taj Ali Khan

...ing the dominant climate systems characterizing the long-term time-series of the two most important meteorological parameters: mean air temperature (oC) and total rainfall (mm) for the different stations lying in the upper Indus River basin of Pakistan. The observed time series were categorized into monthly, seasonal, seasonally-based, and annual time series for investigating trends. The analysis showed that winters have experienced significant warming over th...

Eman H. Abotalp, Sahar R. Mohamed, Jakeen K. El Jakee

... By using Vitek2 compact system, 42 E. coli isolates (32.6%) were resulted from canines (24%) and felines (44.4%) rectal swabs. E. coli were serotyped to: O8, O25, O26, O28, O36, O55, O78, O86, O111, O114, O125, O127, O128 and O157. The resistance to 16 antibiotics and the creation of extended-spectrum β-lactamases (ESBLs) were identified on E. coli isolates by using Vitek2compact system. The creation of ESBL was distin...

Arshad Mahmood Malik1*, Nigah Hussain1 and Nasim Akhter2

... patterns and irrigation systems of the study area. Multivariate model was developed to ascertain the various socio-economic factors i.e., off-farm work, farm size, farming experience and family size, on changing dynamics of agriculture labour. Results indicated that socio-economic factors significantly affect the agriculture labour dynamics in irrigated areas. Off-farm work has inverse relationship with agriculture labour supply indicating inter-sectoral labo...

Iram Amin1,2*, Shazia Rafique1, Nadeem Ahmed1, Muhammad Shahid1, Samia Afzal1, Tahir Rehman Samiullah1, Mohsin Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammad Idrees1,3

...the bacterial expression system. The purified protein has potential to be useful as an antigen in Diagnostic ELISA and as a vaccine candidate.

...

Shou-Dong Zhang1,2,3, Dao-Xin Liu1,2, Dan Mou1, Tong-Zuo Zhang2, Jian-Ping Su2 and Jiu-Xiang Xie1*

...quadrats of zokor burrow systems on the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. Based on human volunteer taste-testing, or assignment using the Chinese Materia Medica Monographs, we divided the collected plant species into four different taste groups (sweet, bitter, other-taste, and tasteless) and then compared Ei values to determine whether plant taste can affect zokor diet selection. A total of 124 burrow systems were analyzed and 103 plan...

Sajjad Ali1*, Atta ur Rahman1 and Sher Ali2

...d geographic information systems (GIS) were used to analyze the satellite imageries. The analysis showed a persistent increase in built-up areas from 1990 to 2020 as the built-up area increased by 57090 hectares. However, the barren land indicates a decreasing pattern of growth, decreasing by 102452 hectares in Peshawar valley. The analysis disclosed a consistent increase in the Production of crops. On the other hand, the per capita share of inhabitants in cro...

Sidrah Ashfaq1, Muhammad Nadeem1*, Muhammad Yamin1, Talha Afzal1, Muhammad Waqar Akram1, Rabia Anam1 and Ali Mehboob2

Muhammad Shafiq1, Tehseen Ashraf2*, Sehrish Mushtaq1, Naveeda Anjum3, Muhammad Asim4, Muhammad Aqeel Feroze3, Malik Abdul Rehman4 and Marja Aziz3

...rate of the regeneration system. In this study a protocol for chili plant regeneration was developed for callus induction, plant regeneration, and plant transformation. Because developing a viable chilli tissue culture and plant regeneration system is difficult, this study was designed to help develop one. SP was found to be the most suitable among the four genotypes used for regeneration. 

...

Zayed M.A1, M.F. Shehata1, I.M. Ismail1, Mona Mohammady1, M.A. Radwan2*  

...in an individual housing system. Subcutaneous fat thickness, muscle depth, muscle width, and muscle area at the 12th thoracic vertebrae were measured two times using the ultrasound scan. Body weight and measurements were recorded. All Barki lambs were slaughtered (one year of age approximately), and their carcass traits, and meat quality were evaluated. All growth performance traits showed significant (p<0.01) differences among the three groups, except birt...

Shakeel Ahmad1, Muhammad Israr2*, Rasheed Ahmed3, Anam Ashraf1, Muhammad Amin4 and Nafees Ahmad5

...iversity and provides ecosystem services to the country’s population, especially the mountains of the northern highland. These areas have experienced extensive depletion of ecosystem services and are susceptible to fast LULC changes. Real-time monitoring and assessment based on spatio-temporal are important to know such LULC changes. This study examines LULC in the northern mountains of Pakistan from MODIS (MCD12Q1) ti...
Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Iram Shaikh1
...ifferent orchard agro-ecosystem of Sindh by using MAT in integration of other eco-friendly management techniques for fruit flies.

...

Zain-ul-Aabdin Abro1*, Naheed Baloch1, Raza Muhammad Memon2, Niaz Hussain Khuhro2 and Waseem Akbar Qazi2

... spp. in orchard agro-ecosystem of Sindh region.

...

Yêyinou Laura Estelle Loko1*, Joelle Toffa1, Azize Orobiyi1, Gbèblonoudo Anicet Dassou2, Rolande Okpeicha1, Dieudonné Gavoedo1 and Alexandre Dansi2

...eninese soybean cropping systems in order to find out the resistant ones against C. maculatus infestations. The effect of seven grain physical traits (testa thickness, colour, texture, hardness, length, breadth, and 100-grain mass) on the susceptibility of eight soybean varieties to C. maculatus were evaluated in the laboratory. The correlations and contributions of the studied traits were evaluated using correlation path coefficient analysis. The tested soybe...

Ghulam Qadar* and Khalid Nawab

...he agriculture education system of education department.

...

Shad Mahfuz1,2†, Hong-Seok Mun1,3†, Muhammad Ammar Dilawar1, Keiven Mark B Ampode1,4, Veasna Chem1, Young-Hwa Kim5, Jong-Pil Moon6, Chul-Ju Yang1,7* 

...effects of solar heating system as a source of renewable energy on the growth performance, electricity uses and housing environments of piglets. For this trial, a total 20 piglets having similar average body weight 6.83 ± 1.07 kg (mean ± std.) were randomly divided into 2 (two) incubators, control (conventional) incubator and the solar based incubator with 10 replicates each. The experimental duration was 10 weeks (70 days). Feed intake, body wei...

Khalid Khan1*, Mahmood-ul-Hassan2, Ihsan Ullah1, Haris Khurshid1, F.Y Saleem Marwat1, Salman Saleem1, M. Jehanzeb1 and Zubair Ahmad1

... such as A, B and R line system out of which 14 hybrids were finalized based on its morphological traits and statistically interpreted. Its genetic diversity is most important for exploitation of the genetic resources to develop promising hybrids. The objectives of such experimental study were to assess the best performing hybrids; on the basis of genetic diversity by applying different statistical techniques. Total 14 sorghum hybrids including standard Check,...

Muhammad Umar1*, Mubashar Hussain1 and David C. Lee2

...seasons and agricultural systems. Resident species tended to contribute most to intra-seasonal and system community similarities. The avian communities reported from these semi-arid croplands indicate agriculture landscapes provide habitat for both summer visitors and winter visitors. Overall, agroforestry systems support higher richness and diversity than more open, cropland

Sekobane Daniel Kolobe, Tlou Grace Manyelo*, Jones Wilfred Ng’ambi, Munyadziwa Felicia Dorcus Nemauluma, Emmanuel Malematja  

Reza Aghnoum*, Hamid-Reza Sharifi, Masoud Ghodsi and Ahmad Zare Fizabadi

...esign with three tillage systems (conventional tillage, minimum tillage and no-tillage) as the main plots and three level of crop residue retention (no-residue, 30%, and 60% of residue retention) as the sub-plots that replicated three times during five consecutive cropping seasons. The results showed that fungivorous and free living nematodes exhibited differential responses to tillage and residue retention under different rotation patterns. Analysis of varian...

Muhammad Tariq Navid1,2*, Mian Muhammad Awais2*, Muhammad Irfan Anwar2 and Masood Akhtar2

...rcial poultry production system and also with the community.

...

Murad Ali Rahat1*, Muhammad Israr2, Hakim Khan1, Ishtiaq Hassan1, Mohammad Islam1 and Muzafar Shah3

... is not informative. The system aids in forensic investigation by probabilistic prediction of eye, hair, skin colors as well as other phenotypic features. The Irisplex system contains a very sensitive multiplex genetic typing test that allows users to predict blue, brown and intermediate human eye color from DNA samples. To check the validity of IrisPlex system in the local Pakhtun populat...

Hasnain Raza1*, Tanveer-ul-Haq1, Muhammad Imran1, Nabeel Ahmad Ikram2 and Muhammad Bilal Shoukat1

...is damaging the whole ecosystem. The government should monitor the industries’ wastewater disposal according to the nation’s effluent standards, and make wastewater treatment plants for the elimination of hazardous contaminants.

...

Adefunke Fadilat O. Ayinde1*, Peter Allison Johnston2, Olanrewaju Olusoji Olujimi3, Purnamita  Dasgupta4 and Dare  Akerele5

...te variability in two ecosystems in Nigeria. Climate data (spanning 1951 to 2010) were used to corroborate and evaluate the perceptions of farmers. Four hundred smallholder farmers were interviewed in Ogun State (rain-forest zone) and Kwara State (derived savannah) using a multi-stage sampling technique. Farmers perceived climate variability as unpredictable weather situation over the years (65.41%), though some (23.31%) perceived it as the act of God or the w...

K. H. El-Kholy1*, Enayat Hassan Abo El-Azayem2, Safaa Ataya Barakat2, Mona Gamel Mohamed3, Sara H. M. Hassab1 

...growth traits, caecal ecosystem and some physiological and biochemical responses in growing rabbits. APRI rabbits (age = 6 weeks, n = 60) were split equally into four groups (n = 15 in each group). First group was fed a basal diet only (control group, G1), while the other three groups fed a basal diet along with 0.5 (G2), 1.0 (G3) and 2.0 g (G4) AV leaves powder/kg diet. The results revealed that, AV addition at its highest levels (G3 and G4) significantly (P&...

Maria Al Mazed1*, Md. Ashikur Rahman1 and Sk. Istiaque Ahmed2

...toxic for the aquatic ecosystem. Exposure of heavy metals in the aquatic organisms is linked to the retardation of growth, lesions in liver and damages in kidney. They are also causing infertility in animals. Chronic exposure and excessive concentrations are also deleterious for the normal physiological functions of human. Consumption of fishes contaminated with toxic metals are neurotoxic and carcinogenic to blood, lungs, kidneys, bones, liver and other vital...

Abdullah Al Musabbir1, Md Abedur Rahman2*, Naveed Anjum2, 3 and Mustajab Ali4,5

... better in strip tillage system in both anchored and loose residues in the field compared to Blade A. However, due to additional accumulated straws in the furrow opener and the excessive weight of the roller cutter in the tillage process, it is recommended to use rotary Blade B in the rotary shaft with anchored condition for the better management of residues and in order to obtain effective crop production.

...

Mushtaq Hussain Soomro1, Jan Muhammad Mari1, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Arfan Ahmed Gilal2* and Muhammad Ibrahim Kubar2

...ty Statement | The first systematic study conducted in the date palm hub of Pakistan i.e., Khairpur, Sindh using food baits along with aggregation pheromone (Ferrolure+). The addition of sugarcane and date palm stems significantly enhance the capture of RPW in Ferrolure+ traps, suggesting its inclusion in integrated RPW management can reduce the use of synthetic pesticides.
...

Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Nadra Khan3 and Waqas Raza4

... and deposited in the Biosystematics Laboratory of Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Quantitative habitat webs and diversity indices show that scrapyard, animal sheds, and residential areas were the most abundant habitats respectively, while areas near stream were found to be the least abundant habitats. These microhabitats, which are the most abundant ones act as hotspots in case of mosquito-borne epidemic, which should be targeted to...

Mochamad Rizal Umami1, Zainuri*2, Sebastiana Viphindrartin2 and Rafael Purtomo Somaji2

...e pattern of the trading system undertaken by sugarcane farmers, to reveal the role of social capital in shaping the sugarcane trade system during the pandemic. This research is a qualitative research that uses primary data from interviews with key informants by multistage sampling technique. The data processing includes data reduction, data display using Decision Explorer version 3.3 software. Data were analyzed through des...

Most. Shakila Sarmin1,2, Md. Ashekur Rahman1,2, Most. Farida Parvin2,3, Mst. Shefaly Khatun4, Kazi Ahsan Habib5, Wasim Sabbir6, Jun Ohtomi7 and Md. Yeamin Hossain1*

...e BoB and the related ecosystems.

...

Khalid Farooq, Muhammad Tahir and Nazir Ahmad Khan*

...r smallholder production systems in Pakistan is very low, partly because of the scarcity of good quality forages, and no or insufficient feeding of concentrates. The present study was carried out to address this issue, by developing maize silage and ryegrass forage blend based fattening rations. Five diets containing maize silage and ryegrass in the ratios of 30:70; 40:60; 50:50; 60:40 and 70:30 on dry matter (DM) basis in the forage mixture were evaluated in ...
Serkan Özkaya1*, Oktay Özkan2, Sabri Erbas3, Isa Gökhan Yalçın4, Dariusz Piwczynski5 and Wojciech Neja5 
...y;">In intensive growing systems, the growth and yield of livestock are suppressed due to the oxidative stress to which they are also exposed. In the present study, it was investigated whether Oreganum onites L. aromatic water (OW) could serve as an agent of reducing the effects of oxidative stress while improving the growth performance of suckling Holstein calves. Twenty-eight newborn calves (n=7, in each group) were randomly selected and assigned to the foll...

Sumreen Begum, Atta-ur-Rahman and Asmat Salim*

...this study is to analyze systematic identification of genes with respect to nephron lineage and pluripotency during postnatal renal development and at adult stage of rat kidney. In the current study, the mRNA levels of nephron genes were analyzed by reverse transcriptase PCR in neonatal and adult rat kidney tissues. These genes were divided into three categories. Group 1: renal multipotent progenitor genes; Group 2: self-renewal and pluripotency genes; Group 3...

Edhy Sudjarwo, Muharlien Muharlien, Osfar Sjofjan, Danung Nur Adli, Dyah Lestari Yulianti* 

...location in closed house system on Hy-Line laying hens growth performance, microclimate, ammonia (NH3) and carbon dioxide (CO2) concentration, and dust particle.. A total 5,051 heads laying hens used were Hy-line laying hens aged 28 weeks reared for 28 weeks on the experimental diet. A completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatments and twelve replications. The parameters observed was growth performance, microclimate, and health. The cage location ...

A. Ghasemzadeh1, S. Jamali1†, M. Esfahani2 and H. Pedramfar1

... efficiency rate of photosystem II under both conditions trended to a downward with increasing nematode levels. The correlation between nematode levels and various sampling times had different effects on the measured characteristics. Overall, Falat Y cultivar had relatively greater photosynthetic parameters than Gina VF cultivar.

...

F. Shahina†, K. Nasira, K. Firoza and Y. I. Erum

...ogical diversity through systematics and faunistic studies. Information published in different scientific journals, newsletters, reports, book chapters, books booklets and proceedings have been considered. Those records contained in abstracts of conferences/ congresses, doctoral theses were not included. A total of 749 species belonging to 261 genera of 81 subfamiles, 85 families of 24 Superfamiles, 19 suborders of 12 orders have been described and reported so...

Y. Danso†, J. Adomako, K. Osei and B. Abugri

...ional and maize breeding systems to minimize M. incognita populations’ build-up and damage to susceptible crops such as okra which follow maize in a crop rotation system.

...

Reem R. Tahon, Nora A. Shaker* 

... The female reproductive system consisted of bilateral ovaries, oviducts, seminal receptacles, in addition to single vagina and gonopore, while the male reproductive system consisted of a pair of testes, vas deferens, and gonopods. The stomach was a complex structure whose walls bore calcareous ossicles. It was divided into the cardiac stomach with four ossicles: unpaired mesocardiac, paired pterocardiac, paired lateral zygo...

A. S. A. Saad1, M. A. Radwan2†, H. A. Mesbah1, H. S. Ibrahim3 and M. S. Khalil3

...lls per
root system, number of egg-masses, eggs per egg-mass and number of juveniles (J2) in the soil as well as plant
growth characteristics. All nematicidal treatments reduced the incidence of root-knot nematodes when compared
with the untreated check. However, fenamiphos and oxamyl were proved to be the highest chemical compostions
that decreased galls by 91.73 and 89.53% and egg-m...

J. Salma, K. Nasira, M. Saima and F. Shahina†

...y a vital role in the ecosystem of seas and estuaries as a diverse species, universally rich and
often showing sensitive responses to ecological changes. During present study, surveys were conducted at four
locations of Sindh coast viz., Kaemari, Korangi Creek, Ibrahim Haidry, Mubarak Village and two of Balochistan
coast viz., Gadani and Sonmiani beach. As a result, four new species Oncholaimus paraoxyuris n. sp.,

D. A. Darban1†, S. R. Gowen1, B. Pembroke1 and F. Hussain2

...spore production in root systems of the one
female and ten females treatments and increased exponentially with the number of females over all the crop cycles.
Infected females (%) increased and found significantly higher in the ten females treatment. The soil bioassay after
first harvest showed few juveniles encumbered with an average of 1-5 spores and the number of juveniles without
spores very high.
...

Shaista Naz1*, Muhammad Arif2 and Akhtar Ali3

...ps left out. For this, a systematic review has been conducted to highlight the immense role of women in livestock and its determinants in the developing countries. To achieve these objectives, a total of 32 publications after following the inclusion and were reviewed. Content analysis has been used for analysing data and the study found that women have higher participation in livestock management as compared to crop production due to the easy accessibility of ...

I. Jafri, A.A. Shahid, A. Ibrahim† and M. Atif

...number of knots per root system. Outcomes revealed that
Controlled (C1) Meloidogyne sp., Bacillus sp., (T1), Meloidogyne sp., and Bacillus thuringiensis (T2)
remarkably suppressed nematode infestations because they act as growth inhabiting agents for juveniles;
reduce gall masses, diminish knot formation on root system, toghether with increasing shoot and root
length as compare...

W.M.A. El-Nagdi and M.M.A. Youssef†

...es in intensive cropping system.
...

F. Shahina†, K.A. Tabassum and M.A. Habib*

...es has disturbed agro-ecosystem and costs over US$ 195 million per year to
the nation in terms of environmental and social costs. Pathogenicity and efficacy trials of indigenous
entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) isolates have positive results. Four EPN isolates viz., Steinernema
pakistanense, S. asiaticum, S. feltiae and Heterorhabditis indica were assessed for their infectivity against the
cotton bollworm comple...

A.A. Mokbel

...t galls, egg-masses/root system and number of J2/250 cm3 soil compared with any single Pp isolate application.
Meanwhile, all treatments in 2nd season with both concentrations of all Pp isolates either alone or as a mixed isolates
resulted in 65.7-94.7% reduction in all nematode parameters. Treatments with high concentration of all Pp isolates
either alone or as mixed resulted 61.4-72.2% encumbered J2 in the 1st season and i...

A.A. Anter, A.W. Amin†, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

...ups known as inducers of systemic acquired resistance
(SAR) viz., acetylsalicylic acid (ASA), DL-3-aminobutyric acid (BABA), 2,6-dichloroisonicotinic acid
(INA), 5-chlorosalicylic acid (CSA), nitrosalicyl ic acid (NSA), salicylic acid (SA), ascorbic acid (AS) and
selenium (SE) in reducing development and reproduction of Meloidogyne incognita in tomato plants cv.
Castel Rock was investigated under greenhouse condi...

A.W. Amin†, A.A. Anter, A.H. Ashoub* and A.S. El-Nuby*

... their ability to induce systemic resistance or bio-control agent against
Meloidogyne incognita in tomato under greenhouse condition. Results showed that all tested bacterial strains
showed significant reduction in nematode development and reproduction. The most effective strains were M.
methanica, B. cereus, B. brevis and O. proteus. They were achieving the highest reduction in nematode total
population and fecu...

Soshe Ahmed1*, Mst. Ishrat Zerin Moni1, Maksuda Begum2, Md. Jafar Eqbal3, Md. Shahidul Islam4, Mst. Samira Tanjim1, Mst. Rokeya Sultana1 

...owed a two-phase feeding system, such as starter and finisher, where appropriate. Performance parameters include feed intake (g/birds), body weight gain, average daily gain, feed conversion ratio, and viability% for growth periods (1 d to 7 d, 1 d to 14 d, 1 d to 21 d, 1 d to 28 d) were calculated. All chicks were vaccinated with live attenuated Newcastle Disease Virus LaSota strain on day 2 via eye drop vaccination, along with other basic immunization schemes...

Jax Vincent Gamulo, Maye Pearl Bolina, Jessica Serena Brion, Via Crishiela Nicole Dela Rosa, Roxanne Francesca Maglaya, Carl Lexter Tan, Aimee Caye Chang* 

...Fasciola gigantica. This systematic review with meta-analysis (SR-MA) explored the potential of phytotherapy against fascioliasis and as alternative to commercially available anthelmintic drugs. Eligibility criteria for inclusion and protocol was defined for systematic publication database searching. Final reference database consisted of eight (8) published journal articles with a total of 106 Fasciola flukes, published betw...

Yanjie Liu

...ntensity on human immune system under different environments. Sixty physical education students were enrolled as research objects and divided into control group (normal oxygen group), hypoxia group, and high-altitude group. Each group was given the same exercise intensity. Venous blood was collected before and after each test to determine changes in Immunoglobulin A (IgA), immunoglobulin G (IgG), immunoglobulin M (IgM), IL-2, WBC, natural killer (NK) cell acti...

Majid Ali*, Hafiz Abdul Majid, Farman Ullah, Tahir waseem, Muhammad Rashid Khan 

...ns and different housing system or herds. Random blood samples were received and collected from the surrounding village of arid zone research institute kohat. A total of 726 blood sample were analyzed from both sheep and goat. Out of the total blood sample (62.39%) total prevalence were recorded for all type of hemoprotozoa. In which highest prevalence was recorded for theleriosis 46.13%, followed by anaplasmosis 29.13%, mixed infection 17.66% while the lowest...

Muhammad Furqan1*, Zulfiqar Ali1, Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad2, Rida Ahmad1, Haqnawaz Yousaf3 and Imad Ul Din Zangi4

... indicator species of ecosystem. The breeding biology of Kalij pheasant was studied in Northeastern Himalayan region, tehsil Nakyal, district Kotli, Azad Jammu and Kashmir, Pakistan from April 2020 to March 2021. Breeding activities of kalij pheasant were recorded from March to July. Breeding calls were recorded in March, April and nesting started in May and June. Incubation started in June, July and mostly hatching occurred in end of June and July. Nests were...
Aulia Evi Susanti1*, Rudy Priyanto2, Muladno2, Dewi Apri Astuti3, Lucia Cyrilla2
...ms to analyze production systems, evaluate smallholder beef cattle businesses, and stimulate business development scenarios to increase income for sustainable business corporations with a dynamic system approach. Data were collected through interview methods to obtain data on production systems and business models, reproductive and economic parameters, and feed applications to obtain produ...

Sutawi*, Ahmad Wahyudi, Abdul Malik, Suyatno, Asmah Hidayati, Imbang D. Rahayu, Endang S. Hartatie

...enacting a country-based system, which is to only import livestock and livestock products into the country from FMD-free countries. Second, the share of imports of boneless frozen beef/buffalo meat originating from India continued to increase from 33.8% in 2016 to 51.9% in 2020. Third, economic bioterrorism, an act of terror using biological agents that infects Indonesia’s cattle farming agribusiness. FMD outbreaks have a negative impact on cattle agribu...

Tariq Mahmood1*, Mamoona Wali Muhammad2, Sami Ullah1, Bilal Ahmad3, Zarmina Aslam4, Naveed Ahmad Khan5, Muhammad Shahzaib Tariq6, Muhammad Ali Raza6, Rana Usama Iqbal7 and Samia Zain8

...y bees helps preserve ecosystems as they offer pollination to many wild flowering plants. These pollinators are now under attack from a variety of sources. Pesticides, habitat degradation, genetic diversity loss, inclusion of genetically modified crops, and parasites are among the main threats to these pollinators. As a result of their decrease, there has been a significant loss of ecological activities, negatively influencing the global economy. This work cov...

Shakeel Ahmed Tunio1, Muhammad Naeem1*, Atique Ahmed Behan1, Asmatullah Kaka2 

... of different management systems on growth traits and carcass characteristics of male Kachhi lambs. A total of 18 post weaned male lambs having three months of age were distributed into two groups (A & B), comprising nine lambs in each group. The lambs of group A & B were kept under intensive and semi-intensive management systems respectively. Initially the lambs were provided 15 days adaptation period, followed by 1...

S.H.M. Faruk Siddiki1*, Md. Golam Morshed2, Md Robiul Karim1, Lutfun Naher1, Md. Sodrul Islam3

...seases (21.84%), general systemic states (20.12%), digestive disorders (18.55%), gyneco-obstetrical diseases (4.37%), and surgical cases (3.06%) were recorded as major clinical problems, with other diseases having a prevalence of less than 1% for each. Among the ten categories, the prevalence of parasitic diseases, infectious diseases, general systemic states, and digestive disorders was significantly (P < 0.001) higher. ...
Lovita Adriani1*, Chitra Kumalasari1, Endang Sujana2, Ronny Lesmana3
...physiological activities system  of late-phase laying hens measured with hematological values and serum biochemistry. The research was carried out from March until April, 2022 at the Layer Farm Sukarapi Village, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia. A total of 40 laying hens 90 weeks were randomly allocated to four treatments and five replications, with experimental Completely Randomized Design (CRD).  The treatments were, T0: probiotic powder free-con...

Hasina Basharat1, Muhammad Ramzan Ali2*, Aziz Ahmed2, Rehana Kausar2 and Shamim Akhter1

... in earthen pond culture system of Pakistan.

...

Kainat Bibi1*, Sajjad Khan1, Zulfiqar Ali Gurmani1, Fahad Karim Awan1 and Sajid Ali2 

... and sustainable farming system to produce quality foods. An experiment on comparison of organic and inorganic wheat production was designed to study the field performance and quality of wheat grown under two regimes. The experiment was carried out at National Tea and High Value Crops Research Institute (NTHRI) Shinkiari, Mansehra, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan in 2019. Seven wheat cultivars (Atta Habib, Faisalabad, ASS, Punjab 2011, Lasani, NARC-11 and Pakista...

Ayaz Ahmed1*, Muhammad Zulfiqar1 and Saadutullah Khan2

...h indicated joint family system. Literacy status in study areas was very low (30%). Sayed, Swati, Awan, Gujjar and Kohistani tribes were residing in the study villages. Crop production was their primary occupation, secondary livestock rearing; tertiary sale of non-timber forest products; fourth source of income was remittances and fifth was labor work respectively. Study results discovered that 69% of sample households had earned income from the sale of NTFPs ...
Aadil Sultan, Mohsin Ahmad Khan*, Nadeem Ahmed, Muhammad Hassan, Rashid Bhatti, Hafsa Naeem, Muhammad Islam Khan, Saad Tahir,  Samia Afzal* and Ahmad Ali Shahid
...uction in any expression system can be enhanced either by optimizing the culturing parameters or targeting the genetic factors that enhance protein production. One of those genetic factors is gene dosage, which can be increased by increasing the vector copy number. However, increased number of expression vector poses some metabolic burdens on bacterial cells. The current study provides gene multimerization strategy as an alternate way to amplify the gene dosag...

Trisiwi Wahyu Widayati1*, Aris Triyono Syahputra2, Andoyo Supriyantono1, Onesimus Yoku1, Deny Anjelus Iyai1, Priyo Sambodo1, Iriani Sumpe1 

...odel between the laleken system and the free-range system on the possibility of preventing contamination of water, vegetables and soil around the yard by parasites from pig feces and urine. The study was conducted in Minyambouw District, Arfak Mountains Regency on 30 local pigs with a body weight of 10-15 kg and a minimum EPG of 2000, before and after the application of laleken. Stool samples come from fresh feces. Water sam...

Imdad Hussain Soomro1, Gulfam Ali Mughal1, Naeem Rajput1, Rameez Raja Kaleri2,6*, Deepesh Kumar Bhuptani3, Raza Ali Mangi4, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi5, Sheva Dhari6, Abdul Wahid Solangi6 and Zoya Parveen Soomro

...nsive housing management system. This study was performed at the Livestock Experimental Station, Sindh Agriculture University, Tandojam. For this purpose, twelve Tapri male goat kids of six months age were purchased from local market and divided into two groups, each group contains six kids. (Group A was fed with fresh maize grass and Group B was fed with maize feeding silage). After completion of 2 months trail results was collected and analyzed. The result f...

MARIUM ASLAM, MUHAMMAD JAVED, FAIZA AMBREEN* & FARIHA LATIF

... the antioxidant defense system.
 
Key Words: Catla catla, Sub-lethal, Zinc, Antioxidant Enzyme
...
TAHIR MEHMOOD*, ANUM AFZAL, ABDUL KARIM, MUHAMMAD ASHRAF SHAHEEN &
HINA ARSHAD
...imon, Extraction solvent system, Antioxidant activity, Antimicrobial activity
...
 
 ASMAT MEHMOOD, ZAEEMA KHAN AND NAILA MALKANI* 
...n appropriate nationwide system of cancer registry. 
...

Dalia Mansour Hamed1, Mohsen Zaky El Dimerdash1, Ahmed Abdelatif Ali2, Samer Adel Abd El-Gaffar3, Mona Salim Abdallah1* 

...d and (C) closed nursing systems. Mean body weight, and mortalities were recorded. Moreover, 18 weaned rabbits (40 day old) were challenged intraperitoneally with Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) (1.5×108 CFU) then were divided into 3 equal groups according to their treatment strategy: (1) control group, (2) treated with antibiotics and (3) treated with antibiotic/probiotic combination. Bacteriological examination of the 167 specimens detected S. aureus...

Doaa H. Assar1, Rasha A. Al-Wakeel2, Zizy I. Elbialy3, Mahmoud M. El-Maghraby4, Helmy K. Zaghlool5, Adel A. El-Badawy4, Abdel-Khalek E. Abdel-Khalek6*

...lth, antioxidant defense system, and semen quality of growing cross-bred ram lambs from 10 to 15 months of age.
 
Keywords | Antioxidant, Growth, Lipid profile, Microalgae, Ram semen
...

Safaa Rhaimi1, Sara Brikat2, Mouloud Lamtai2*, Mohammed Ouhssine1

...d to the central nervous system. The Purpose of this study is to investigate the acute toxicity of salvia officinalis essential oil in female Wistar rats, and to explore the antidepressant-like and anxiolytic-like effects and memory enhancing of the safe dose of this essential oil. In this experiment, salvia officinalis essential oil was administered once by oral gavage to four groups of female Wistar rats (n=6) at three different doses; 1000, 2000 and 3000 mg...
Heavy metals (HMs) are harmful and lethal at negligible levels and non-biodegradable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred from irrigation water to agricultural soils, agricultural operations, air pollution, animal feed, and packaging materials. Toxic metals are non-biodegradable, non-thermos degradable, and exceedingly stable in the ecosystem; as a result, they quickly build in various foods. Metal pollution of many foods, including agricultural commodities, and animal protein sources such as fish, milk, meat, and eggs, poses a hazard to food safety and security. Toxic metal pollution of irrigation water, agricultural soils, plants, and animals result in their integration into the food chain, posing a health hazard to humans. Most metals are harmful to animals and humans and accumulate in several organs like the skeleton, hepatic tissue, spleen, and renal tissues. Metals have a deleterious impact on the production of plants and animals. As a result, several remediation strategies have become necessary to limit the hazardous HMs pathway into the food chain and the human body. Metal nanoparticles are employed in beneficial applications, although they are associated with specific hazards.
 
Keywords | Food contamination, Heavy metals, Nanoparticles, Pollution sources, Remedy, Soil contamination
...adable in the typical ecosystem and constitutes animal, human and environmental hazards. They are divided into toxic metals like Lead, Cadmium, Arsenic, etc. and essential elements like copper, zinc, manganese, iron, nickel and chromium. Additionally, could be categorized into two groups based on the natural and anthropogenic sources releasing origins. Population and industrial expansion led to food contamination with HMs. Poisonous metals can be transferred f...

Soedarmanto Indarjulianto1*, Alfarisa Nururrozi1, Yanuartono1, Sitarina Widyarini2, Dhasia Ramandani3 

...tococcosis is one of the systemic mycosis in cats. Although it was considered a potential zoonotic disease, the transmission from cats to humans remains uncertain. This report observes the clinical and histopathological features of cryptococcosis in a cat exhibiting chronic submandibular lymphadenopathy. A five-year-old female cat showed lethargy, partial anorexia, weight loss, and intermittent sneezing for several months before being examined. Clinical examin...

Imran Muhammad Siddique1, Naseem Sharif1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Mudassar Naseer1, Ammara Noreen3, Naseem Akhtar4 and Safeer ud Din5

...international markets, a systematic study was undertaken by Horticultural Research Station, Sahiwal with identification of five less seeded kinnow strains (1-6 seeds). Results depicted that less seeded kinnow strain, encoded LSKS-2, produced superior external and internal quality attributes. Average fruit weight and size outstripped other contestant strains. It produces average weight per fruit as 170.58gms with length/breadth, as 70.68mm and 68.08 mm respecti...

Hayam S. Abdelkader1; Gamalat M. Allam1; T. A. Moustafa2; and M. El-Hanunady2

...ied from local necrosis, systemic necrosis, systemic mosaic yellowing, bronzing, or stunting. The virus transmitted by mechanical means as well as by Thrips tabaci. Its TIP was between 45-50oC, DEP was 10-5 and LIV was between 5-6 hrs. Local lesion technique for biological purification and electron microscopic analysis confirmed the production of mature infectious virus particles underlining the conclusion that a full infect...

Hendy Musbawandi1, Mohammad H. Tamzil2*, Budi Indarsih2 

...itive pressure enclosure system was recommended to be applied. 

...

A. S. Gamal El din1; Sohair I. El-Afifi2; A. S. Sadik2; Nashwa M. A. Abd El Mohsen1; and H. M. Abdelmaksoud1

...ll organelles. The virus systematically infects most Of Solanaceae plants. but become diverse to different hosts as it induced local lesions and top necrosis on Capsicum annuum L. cvs. California Wonder & Godion as well as Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. cvs. Streen B and Casel Rock. Solanum tuherosum L cv. Cara. Nicotiana glutinosa L. Nicotiana benthamiana gave systemic infection only. On the other hand.

Asim Faraz1, Amal AlKharusi2, Nasir Ali Tauqir3, Muhammad Shahid Nabeel4, Syeda Maryam Hussain5, Abdul Waheed1*, Muhammad Arslan Akbar6

Shabana Mangi1*, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Waheed Ali Panhwar1, Javeed Ali Ujjan1, Fakhra Somroo1, Shazia Praveen Solangi2, Sumbul Mureed Mastoi3 and Ranjeet Kumar1

Galuh Chandra Agustina1*, Erwin Syahfitri1, Viski Fitri Hendrawan1, Siska Aditya1,2 

...tion of the reproductive system. The major of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of black cumin seeds as antioxidants on the expression of caspase-3 and sertoli cells in spermatogenesis. A total of 20 male mouses were divided into five groups, K- (negative control, no treatment), K+ (positive control, 40 mg diazinon/kg BW); P1 (40 mg diazinon/kg BW + 200 mg black cumin/kg BW); P2 (40 mg diazinon/kg BW + 400 mg black cumin/kg BW); P3 (40 mg diazinon...

Muhammad Akram¹,²*, Rashid Mahmood³, Fahim Arshad4 and Umer Farooq Gohar5

...velop a mass propagation system for the effective multiplication and conservation of P. minima. Juvenile leaves were cultured on MS basal medium supplemented with 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 5.0 µM thidiazuron (TDZ). As a result, 100% callus induction was achieved on the medium containing 1.0 µM TDZ. Notably, calli grown on 1.0 µM TDZ exhibited greater potential for shoot regeneration and proliferation in the growth regulator-free MS liquid mediu...

Muhammad Arshad Iqbal*, Aamir Ghafoor, Irfan Ahmad, Muhammad Ijaz 

...la Enteritidis can cause systemic infection in chicks and laying hens with prolonged faecal shedding. C. perfringens cause necrotic enteritis (NE) which instigated extreme economic losses and usually occur in broiler chicken. Use of AGP in Poultry feed has several negative implications involving public health concerns and trade restrictions. Bacillus amyloliquefaciens has been investigated as potential probiotic. The study involves the evaluation of competitiv...

Muhammad Asim Bhutta1,2*, Amna Bibi2, Nadia Hussain Ahmad2, Sadia Kanwal2, Zarmeena Amjad1, Hafeez ur Rehman3, Umar Farooq3, Muhammad Nouman Khalid4 and Syeda Fiza Nayab5

...cipally affects the Photosystem II complex and leads to less photosynthetic productivity. A light-independent photosynthetic activity restricts the consumption of electrons produced in the early photoreactions, which appears to be the principal cause of photoinhibition by visible light. There is a chance that excessive photosynthetic electron transport could lead to an overabundance of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Reactive oxygen species such as H2O2 and O2,...

Mehwish Kanwal1, Muhammad Mushtaq1*, Surrya Khanam2, Irfan Ahmed3, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Tariq Mehmood1

...ions in agro-forestry ecosystems.

...

Kétomon Pierre Challaton1*, Coovi Guénolé Akouedegni1, Kadoéito Cyrille Boko2, Goué Géorcelin Alowanou1,3, Pascal Venant Houndonougbo4, Aboudou Habirou Kifouly1, Mawulé Sylvie Hounzangbé-Adoté1  

... is traditional. In this system, animals harbor parasites that cause economic losses related to growth and reproduction performance, which strongly affect farm productivity. The objective of this study was to evaluate the gastrointestinal parasite burden of goats in Benin. Thus, feces were sampled from 572 and 497 goats in the rainy and dry seasons, respectively, in southern, central and northern Benin. The parasite inventory was performed using the Mini-FLOTA...

Meng Wang, Dongliang Zhou, Huixia Li, Chunqin Wu,Yan Zhao and Houqiang Luo*

... The bacterial secretion system plays an irreplaceable role in this process. Up to now, at least 11 kinds of secretion systems are involved in the pathogenesis role of bacteria, especially the formation of bacterial resistance. Therefore, the study of the bacterial secretion system is of great significance for antibiotic treatment of bacterial diseases. Most of the secretion

Thobela Louis Tyasi1* and Widya Pintaka Bayu Putra2

...ith extensive management system. The study was conducted on the experimental farm of the University of Limpopo, South Africa. Nine (9) body measurements include face width, face length, ear length, body length, rump height, withers height, sternum height, rump width and chest girth were performed in this study and taken from forty-nine (49) Nguni cows. Pearson’s correlation and PCA were utilized for analysis of data. The correlation results revealed that...

Atena Azarniush1, Majid Moghbeli2*, Farshid Kafilzadeh1, Mohammad Kargar1 and Hooshang Jamali1

...ubtilis as an expression system for the production of IL-11 and it can be used as a candidate for the proteins without post-translational modification.

...

Yong Bin Zhao1, Hui Song1, Guo Gong Yi1*, Xi Lian Hao1, Bai Wang2, Zhi Wen Chen2

...carried out by using the system clustering method. The results showed a significant difference between the isotope values of the rachis and barbules from the same feather. In addition, the isotope values of the rachises and barbules differed between individuals, although the food sources of the samples might be slightly different. Based on the above results, the cluster analysis was able to distinguish individuals, with the highest accuracy of 85%; the more fa...

Hassan Raza1, Muhammad Kashif Afzal2, Muhammad Luqman1*, Tahir Munir Butt3, Muhammad Yaseen1 and Muhammad Umer Mehmood1

...ltivation practices. The systematic promotion of fortnightly and monthly training of olive growers without any discrepancy should be planned under realistic monitoring and evaluation. Agricultural extension department should arrange the training for different progressive farmers’ fields to develop an interest in updating their knowledge and analyzing their problems that will bring positive outcomes in olive production of Pakistan.

...

Seyi Olalekan Olawuyi1*, Adedotun Oluwagbenga Anjorin2, Oluwagbenga Titus Alao3, Tosin Dolapo Olawuyi3, Rachael Ajibola Ayinla3 and Rasheed Ayodele Ayinla3

...s ravaging the agri-food system, and causing significant loss of farm output, disruption of food supply chain, as well as loss of returns and other economic damages. This research interrogated the effect of adoption of bio-security threats management practices on arable crop farmers’ food security status in South-West, Nigeria, using cross-sectional research design, with the dataset elicited from 403 farmers drawn through a multi-stage random sampling te...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Olha Chechet1, Tetiana Mazur2, Oleksandr Martyniuk2, Olga Gorbatiuk1, Halyna Buchkovska1, Iryna Musiets1, Diana Ordynska1, Olena Finkova3, Larisa Moskalenko3, Tetiana Ponomaryova-Gerasimyuk3, Maksym Lusta3, Vitalii Nedosekov2 

...n effective strategy for systematic monitoring of campylobacteriosis. Research results showed a high rate of detection of resistant Campylobacter spp.  in Ukraine, circulating both among agricultural animals and among the population.  Such monitoring can help regulate and contain the occurrence of food zoonoses and mitigate their impact on consumers of agricultural products. 

...

Roy Malindo1, Anuraga Jayanegara2, Osfar Sjofjan3, Siti Chuzaemi3*

... conclusion, the feeding system in Pulukan did not provide adequate levels of dry matter, affecting the average daily gain (ADG) did not meet its target of 0.5 kg/head/d and a low level of Natural Increase.
 
Keywords | Average daily gain, Bali cattle, Body weight, Dry matter, Nutritional status
...

Bambang Hartoyo1*, Tri Rachmanto Prihambodo1,2, Wahyuningsih3, Sri Rahayu1, Fransisca Maria Suhartati1, Muhamad Bata1, Efka Aris Rimbawanto1

Somia Eissa Sharawi

...ury medicine, healthcare systems, education, and the global economy by driving the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. COVID-19 in humans is characterized by a wide range of symptoms, from asymptomatic to mild or severe illnesses, including death. The existing literature shows the roles of insect vectors in aiding the transmission of viral pathogens and the possible roles of some insects in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV...

Sar Zamin Khan1*, Muhammad Waqas1 and Sagar M. Goyal2

... renal, and reproductive systems. Multiple serotypes of IBV have emerged due to the high rate of mutation and genetic recombination, which has made it difficult to control the disease. Certain serotypes have disappeared because of the availability and use of vaccines but new serotypes have emerged. A regular watch on the disease including virus variation, prevalence, pathogenesis and development of diagnostic tools are important for the formulation of effectiv...

Muhammad Mukhtar1*, Lely Ummi Wakhidah2,Mohammad Zubair Hippy3 

...technology and reporting systems, improving animal disease management and feed quality, facilitating business licensing, and strengthening legal regulations on livestock. 

...

Ahmad Shahzaib1*, Tabish Raza2 and Aisha Areej2

...ters via the respiratory system, and the lungs are the leading site of the infection. The virus spreads primarily by respiratory droplets generated by coughing, sneezing, spitting, talking, singing, or breathing of infected people. COVID-19 infection has been linked to an intense cytokine storm (CS) and the immune-inflammatory mechanism that exacerbates disease symptoms and complications. Up to 20% of the infected people need hospitalization on account of the ...

Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1, Bello Ozovehe Banimoh1 and Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1

...ing in West Africa. This systematic literature review identifies the factors influencing this decline. We generated secondary data from three selected electronic databases: PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using a mix of keywords and MESH terms such as HIV-2, decline, incidence, and West Africa. Studies were selected if they reported data on the factors responsible for the decline in HIV-2 incidence in West Africa. This review identified eighteen (n...

Budi Guntoro1*, Agung Triatmojo1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Nguyen Hoang Qui1 

...ir cattle under breeding system (68.55%). Besides, most farmers had a good knowledge of Anthrax and FMD. The risks analysis was performed by the great knowledge of farmers (65.7% and 77.9% respondents) to Anthrax and FMD and the dissemination of knowledge for FMD as well as a positive attitude for both Anthrax and FMD. However, the knowledge of Anthrax dissemination was risk (65.01% farmers had inappropriate practices). It could be concluded that Yogyakarta&rs...

Muhammad Usman Shafi1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan1*, Tiyyabah Khan2, Waheed Anwar2, Adnan Akhter2 and Muhammad Zubair3

...egarding local knowledge system (LKS) and Integrated Pest Management (IPM). Most of respondents 97% (out of total 250) were male and 28% were between the ages of 26-45 years. Thirteen percent respondents had acquired education up to secondary level, and 92% respondents got knowledge about pesticide usage from pesticide retailers. Most of the respondents (85%) visited doctor after any exposure and 96% took showering after application. Most of the respondents (9...

Tasew Getu1*, Wassu Mohammed2, Awol Seid3, Tesfamariam Mekete4 and Bekele Kassa

...eggmasses (7.0) per root system and tuber, and RS final colonies (2.6 × 105) with same treatment. The presence of VC greatly increased tuber yield, and Guassa and Bubu produced the highest marketable tuber yield of 47 and 48 t/ha, respectively under this treatment. All cultivars that were grown with drip irrigation amended with VC fell into the resistant category towards MI and RS disease complex. The study revealed that the tested treatments respond dif...

Peng Xu1, Yankuo Li2*, Shusong Zhang1 and Bin Liu3

...communities in forest ecosystems. This study investigated rodent species diversity in Jiangxi Wuyi Mountain National Nature Reserve of China in 2014-2015. Rodents were trapped at nine selected sampling sites varying in altitude for evaluating their diversity. Consequently, 16 rodent species belonging to eight families were recorded. Out of 376 individuals of rodent species trapped (capture rate = 4.7%), Apodemus agrarius, Eothenomys melanogaster, Niviventer fu...
Umara Amir ud Din1, Waqas Ahmed Khan1*, Khurrum Shahzad1,2, Basharat Ali3, Misbah Hussain1,4 and Fazli Rabbi Awan4
... angiotensin aldosterone system (RAAS) is a major regulator of the blood pressure, electrolytes and fluid homeostasis. RAAS plays a key role in modulating the sodium metabolism, vasoconstriction, vascular tone and renal hemodynamics. Angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) is a key member of RAAS pathway and target for anti-hypertensive drugs. ACE (I/D) polymorphism studies for its association with kidney function and risks of DN have been reported in different po...

Mohamed Adam1*, Hassan Sobhy2, Mohamed Abouzid3, Dalia Elhafny4 and El-Desouki Ibrahim5

...n different agricultural systems especially, sustainable and organic farming, while the three chemical nematicides could be used in conventional agriculture without any negative impacts on plant and soil.

...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...l characterization by subsystem category distribution analysis revealed “Carbohydrates” is the largest subsystem followed by “protein metabolism” while the biological pathway analysis by the Kyoto encyclopedia of genes and genomes (KEGG) database identified the “metabolic and biosynthesis of secondary metabolites pathway” as the dominant one. Similarly, the functional characterization by e...

Munir Ahmad1, Abdul Ghaffar1, Riaz Hussain2* and Rifat Ullah Khan3*

...minate nearby aquatic ecosystems as a result of widespread and long-term use, causing harm to a variety of creatures. The residues of this pesticide can have devastating effects on various species, as well as public health, if they enter the food chain. Pymetrozine’s toxicity in freshwater fish was the main focus of the current study. For this reason, 80 fish were collected and placed separately in four groups of 20 fish each. Pymetrozine was given to fi...

Imtiaz Kashani and Sher Khan Panhwar*

...ty to adopt different ecosystem for survival despite acquiring adverse impact on phenotypic characteristics. 

...

Amina Rahat1, Zahin Anjum1*, Sehlina Zehra2, Fatima Umal Baneen3 and Rabia Chishti1

...and boost’s immune system. Based on the results of this study, it can be concluded that almost all the plant extracts showed potential antibacterial, insecticidal and antifungal activities against different. The research has focused on the potential therapeutic efficacy of AliumSativum, NigelaSativa, and Plantago Ovata in the treatment of microbial infections due to their significant antibacterial activity. Additionally, Different fractions of the A. sat...

Antonius Agung Wiono1, Maria Elizabeth Nana Wijayanti1, Dhika Yonika Primacitra1, Trioso Purnawarman2, Andriyanto3, Aulia Andi Mustika3, Amaq Fadholly3* 

...and disturb the hormonal system directly affect livestock productivity. This research expected the effect of PhytoceeTM on mitigating the risk induced by heat stress and its productivity of broiler chicken.Materials and Methods:Broiler chicken were divided to six groups (normal control, negative control, heat stress treated vitamin C 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton, heat stress treated PhytoceeTM 200 g/ton and 400 g/ton). Its productivity was measured in different pa...

Xiaoyan Yang1* and Xiuli Xu2

...the body’s defense system. The present study was performed to evaluate influenza-like virus effects in adults. This case-control study was performed on 50 patients admitted to the Third Affiliated Hospital of Henan University of Traditional Chinese Medicine during the autumn and winter seasons with myocardial infarction and 50 patients as controls. History, tests, and clinical examinations in both groups did not show diabetes, hypertension, dyslipidemia,...

Roy Malindo1, Hosea Abdiel Duto Wicaksono2, Maskur2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Osfar Sjofjan4, Siti Chuzaemi4* 

...an, Bali, Indonesia. The system dynamics approach were employed to develop the model, and Pulukan data from 2019 to 2021 was used to validate the model. The data were analysed using Powersim Academic version 10. The dynamic modelling consisted of three sub-models, i.e., cattle population, forage production, and concentrate supplementation. The model predicted that the level of feed supply would increase as forage production was increased the cattle population ...

Zaki Al-Hasawi1* and Reda Hassanine2

...avy metals in aquatic ecosystems are a matter of serious concern, and adversely affect the fish health. Herein, 44 specimens of the fish Lethrinus harak were trapped in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, from a severely polluted site. Another 32 specimens of this fish were trapped from an unpolluted site (reference site). Our results revealed that Co, Cd and Pb were undetectable in water, sediment and fish liver samples from the unpolluted site, while their correspond...

Zaki Al-Hasawi1* and Reda Hassanine2

...avy metals in aquatic ecosystems are a matter of serious concern, and adversely affect the fish health. Herein, 44 specimens of the fish Lethrinus harak were trapped in the Red Sea, Saudi Arabia, from a severely polluted site. Another 32 specimens of this fish were trapped from an unpolluted site (reference site). Our results revealed that Co, Cd and Pb were undetectable in water, sediment and fish liver samples from the unpolluted site, while their correspond...

Chitra Kumalasari1,2, Lovita Adriani2*, Indrawati Yudha Asmara3, Nazri Nayan4 

...scusses the reproductive system, including hormones and the reproductive tract, productivity, digestive system, and health of laying hens at an advanced age. This article attempts to provide a complete summary of the potential benefits of probiotics in prolonging the production cycle of late-phase laying hens based on existing literature. The research presented in this study offers pertinent insights and theoretical framewor...

Vui Van Nguyen1, Samorn Ponchunchoovong2, Sajeera Kupittayanant3, Pakanit Kupittayanant2* 

...uality was determined by system automatic sperm analyser for sperm motility parameters, and by confocal laser scanning microscope for sperm membrane integrity parameters. Sperm lipid peroxidation was also analysed through malondialdehyde production. The study found that there was a gradual decrease in all sperm quality indicators of all the treatments during 12 days of storage. In addition, the chilled sperm motility parameters among all the semen extenders we...

Selvaraj Thanga Malathi¹, Venkatraman Anuradha1*, Mohamed Yacoob Syed Ali2, Muhameed Sajjad Sarwar3, Nagarajan Yogananth2

...disturbing the marine ecosystem. The current research work deals with observed alteration in the thyroid metabolism (causes hypothyroidism) and morphological (histology) changes occurred in fish species (selected organism– Channa punctatus and Oreochromis niloticus) exposed to sublethal concentration of Lithium [30%] for a chronic period of 60 days. The levels of FT3, FT4 and TSH tested were significantly decreased in treated groups when compared to the ...

Kinza Javed1, Muhammad Ali1, Waqas Farooq2, Majeeda Rasheed1*, Farkhanda Yasmin3, Samiya Rehman3, Sadaf ul Hira1 and Jawad Ali3

...is an acute or sub-acute systemic viral disorder of buffalo and cattle. It is recently discovered disease of cattle which is putting a negative impact on economy of dairy industry in Asia. The rounded Nodules on skin is the early symptom of LSD in clinical investigation. The nodules in the mucous membranes of nose and mouth, subcutaneous edema, emaciation, and exaggerated lymphadenopathy are additional clinical symptoms of this disease. Mortality rates is abou...

Amirul Faiz Mohd Azmi1,4, Hafandi Ahmad1, Norhariani Mohd Nor1, Goh Yong Meng1, Mohd Zamri Saad2, Md Zuki Abu Bakar1, Norafizah Abdul Rahman5,6, Agung Irawan7,9, Anuraga Jayanegara8,9, Hasliza Abu Hassim1,3,9*

 

...ntation and microbial ecosystem of Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes. Three males Murrah cross and Swamp buffaloes consuming 100% DM of fresh B. decumbens were used as rumen contents donors. The in-vitro ruminal fermentation and microbial population profiles were investigated. The study revealed that Diet C had the highest ether extract and gross energy, with optimum value of crude proteins but low in crude fiber compared to diets B and A. Total volatile fatty ...

Jing Hu1,2,3 and Zhenhua Ma1,2,3*

... indoor flowing seawater system can be properly opened during typhoons, but attention should be paid to water quality monitoring and to observe whether juvenile hybrid grouper has abnormal behavior.

...

Amthal Ahmed Fouad1, Basem Mohamed Ahmed2, Momtaz Abdelhady Shahein1, Hussein Aly Hussein2* 

...om the Ion S5 sequencing system were assembled into a draft genome. The draft genome was analyzed, re-assembled, and compared to representative RABV genomes from Africa and the Middle East region. Results: The complete genome of 5EG-QH19 strain extends for 11919 nt including the standard RABV protein genes in the correct order. Twenty-nine synonymous and five non-synonymous mutations were evident in the protein genes. Deletions and insertions were observed in ...

Rusul Adnan Dawood, Hasan F.K. Alghetaa*

...the ability of the redox system represented by total antioxidant capacity and malondialdehyde levels to combat the toxic exposure of mercuric chloride (HgCl2) with or without collaboration of resveratrol (RES) supplement. Forty-five adult Sprague Dawley, 8-10 weeks old female rats weighing 170-220 g were randomly grouped as following; control group (C) kept without any medication. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) used as vehicle to prepare RES treatment was given to ...

Ramanathan Baluchamy* and Gnanamani Radhakrishnan

...fertility of soil and ecosystem functioning in this tropical dry deciduous forest of Alagar hill (Eastern Ghats), South India. In forest ecosystem, conservation of millipede is an essential step to improve the fertility of soil and maintaining the forest ecosystem.

...

Lili Zhao1, Fan Zhao1 and Yaping Jin2*

...by using the CRISPR/Cas9 system, which resulted in altered morphology and function of GTCs. The cell shape showed a subrounded configuration, and the cell size also significantly increased. Furthermore, Grp78 knockout significantly decreased proliferation and adhesion activity, while increasing invasion activity. The secretion of estradiol and progesterone was also dramatically decreased after Grp78 knockout. Our results strongly suggest that GRP78 plays an im...

Hafiz Muhammad Arsalan1, Amina Arif1 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan2*

...). Within interacellular system, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) production in response to antioxidant (AOX) defense systems lead to oxidative stress (OS). Our study aimed at biochemical profiling of CML patients in response to imatinib or nilotinib therapeutic drugs. Fresh venous blood sample (10 mL) of 170 CML diagnosed patients and 10 healthy individuals was collected in heparin vial from oncology department, Mayo...

Rosidi Azis1, Gatot Ciptadi2, Sri Wahjuningsih2, Dwi Nur Happy Hariyono3, Yuli Arif Tribudi4, Veronica Margareta Ani Nurgiartiningsih2* 

...nt trait in a production system which helps in the selection of animals for breeding. This study aimed to estimate the relationship between BW and some body measurements (BMs) such as hip height (HH), body length (BL), and chest girth (CG) at weaning, and to detect the best-fitted regression model for the prediction of BW in Bali cattle. Data from 535 (275 males and 260 females; aged six months) of Bali cattle were collected from the Bali Cattle Breeding Cente...

Jamshid Ali1,2, Sabeeqa Usman Malik1*, Muhammad Irfan Ashraf1, Jia Zhongkui2, Zuhair Husnain3 and Saeed Gulzar1 

...carbon in terrestrial ecosystems. Estimation of forest biomass in various ecosystems is of key importance in the context of international climate treaties. The objectives of the current study were to assess above-ground carbon (AGC), belowground carbon (BGC) and total carbon stock in the sub-tropical pine forest in Upper Kurram District, Kurram (Pakistan). Twenty-five sample plots were marked in the study area to collect tre...

Jaiperkash Moolchandani1*, Geeta Moolchandani2, Syed Mohsin Turab3, Nasima Iqbal4, Ambreen Rehman5 and Shaima Sultana Memon6

...er of the extrapyramidal system, resulting in impairment of movement with tremor, bradykinesia, rigidity, depression, shuffling gait and stooped posture. Among non-motor clinical symptoms, depression, anxiety, and apathy are the most prevalent symptoms. Although these are treatable but usually are not recognized at early stage in Parkinson’s disease, so the current study aimed to find out the prevalence of non-motor clinical symptoms and the associated f...

Peter Amuguni Mbato*, Wanzila Usyu Mutinda, Noah Kipkoech Maritim, Nicholas Edwin Odongo 

...sed in total confinement systems. Birds spend more time lying down predisposing them to skin lesions from moist litter. This study aimed to determine whether the free-range production system (FRPS) for broiler birds would reduce foot pad lesions and the risk of bacterial infection. The study followed a completely randomized design, comprising of four treatments and three replications, with each replication consisting of 20 b...

Ming Wang1, Nan Yang2, Xiaolin Zhang2 and Wei Liu1*

...part of the grassland ecosystem, but at a high population density, they trigger grassland desertification, unsustainable development of animal husbandry, increase in the incidence of rodent-borne diseases and the potential for zoonoses. The Sichuan Tibetan area is ecologically fragile and has reported the most serious rodent damage in China. The rodent control technology is presently advanced and diverse, however, awareness among the herdsmen in this area to c...
Mai M. Dawood*1, Mohamed Fawzy2 and Mohamed S. Elshahidy3
...ere damage of the immune system. IBDV remarkably persist to affect the poultry industry in Egypt. Hence this study was done to identify and characterize very virulent Infectious Bursal Disease virus in Egypt during the period 2019-2020. bursal samples were collected from 8 vaccinated broiler flocks exhibited high mortality rates and bursal lesions in al-El-Fayoum province, Egypt during 2019 and 2020. Reverse transcription PCR was used to detect IBDV in clinica...

Muhammad Ilyas Riaz1, Masood Rabbani1*, Sohail Raza1, Ali Raza Awan2, Aleena Kokab1 and Iqra Nazir3

...survival inside the host system revealing enhanced attenuation in the deleted mutant. However, after supplementation of purine bases, the ΔpurD mutant bacteria regain growth in enriched media. The results confirmed that the highly attenuated Brucella abortus ΔpurD mutant can be used successfully as a potential vaccine candidate for the control of bovine brucellosis.

...

Sajida Batool, Iqra Ashraf, Shafaat Yar Khan, Sitara Shameem* and Breha Kazmi

...he traditional medicinal system for treating various diseases because of its phytochemical composition. In the present study, the methanolic leaf extract of C. procera was investigated for its immunomodulatory potential in vitro using T-lymphocytes. Phytohaemagglutinin (PHA) st https://researcherslinks.com/journals imulated T-lymphocytes were treated with extract of C. procera (1, 2, and 4 µg/mL) for 4, 8, 12, 24, and 48 h. Levels of pro-inflammatory cyt...

Amistu KU1,2*, Monahan FJ2, Wims P2, Yonatan KY1 , Fahey AG2, Takele TA3 

...d beef cattle production systems are practiced in Wolaita, southern Ethiopia and are associated with low-input systems. These has to be improved if beef production in the area is to operate on a commercial basis. 

...

Frah Razzaq Kbyeh1, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2* 

...he ability of the immune system to eradicate infection. In histopathological examination clear damage in kidney tissue specimens from positive group control (PC,DC) observed, with hyperplasia endothelial cell swelling, ulcer in the lining membrane, compared with(CIP,COM1and COM2). Altogether, we can conclude that the diclofenac has the required anti-boiflim effects to support ciprofloxacin effect and the body responses against urinary tract infection conse...

Waqas Alam1, Sar Zamin Khan1 and Rifat Ullah Khan2*

...34 cm) and floor housing systems having 90 females and 10 males. Each group was subdivided into three replicates (30/replicate female). Hubbard management guideline was followed for feeding, watering, and vaccination. Egg quality parameters were evaluated at pre-peak (22-30 weeks), peak (31-40 weeks) and post-peak (41-59 weeks) production stages. Compare to floor housing system, age of hen at first lay and mortality were low...

Syed Nouman Shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Abdul Kabir1,2*, Midrar Ullah3, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ng various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize economic losses. We synthesized evidence from studies on harvest and ensiling techniques, silage additives and preservatives, postharvest management practices, feed management practices, and mycotoxin binders. We found tha...

Fatimah A. Al-Saeed 

... the stability of the ecosystem and living organisms. Currently, the environment is increasingly exposed to chemical pollutants, including heavy metals, which affect humans, animals and plants. Cadmium (Cd) is a heavy metal known as a toxic factor to humans, animals and plants. Saudi Arabia is enriched with medicinal plants whose therapeutic effects are not sufficiently known and not exploited properly. Medicinal plants play an important role in treatment of h...

Di Zhou1, Qingmeng Long1*, Rong Yang1, Xiaoshan Tan1, Jun Li1, Mingyan Tang1, Zhonghai Zhao3, Ye Ao2, Zhinan Zhou1 and Changxue Chen1

...ansduction, reproductive system, endocrine system and cancer-related pathways and linked the cGMP-PKG, cAMP, TGFβ and mTOR signaling pathways to reproductive performance. We verified these results using qRT-PCR for 9 up-regulated (AMH, CYP19A1, FOXL2, FSHR, GATA4, INHBA, LHB, LHX9 and ZP3) and 9 down-regulated (CNOT1. DMRTA1, GHRHR, Hox-All, Oviductin, PCYT1B, SLC34A2, WDR19 andWnt-7A) genes. The results were consistent...

Wei Fang1,2,3, Jiawei Hong1,2,3,4, Zhengyi Fu1,2,3, Jing Hu1,2,3, Gang Yu1,2,3, Zhenhua Ma1,2,3* and Humin Zong5*

...ction, renin-angiotensin system, adrenergic signaling in cardiomyocytes, oxidative phosphorylation; The distribution types of SSR sites and their characteristic analysis results showed that the most important repeat type was mononucleotide repeats (7,840, accounting for 51.31%), followed by dinucleotide repeats (4,007, accounting for 26.22%), while the number of tetranucleotide, pentanucleotide and hexanucleotide repeat was relatively small. Through the above ...

Liyun Chang*, Yazi Li, Yumei Cai and Chenghui Li

... reaction conditions and system, we successfully established a novel multiplex PCR method for detection of the aforementioned three pathogens. The results show that the amplified fragments of interest were 280 bp, 151 bp, and 111 bp for BVDV, BRV, and BCV, respectively. The method had no cross-reaction to Escherichia coli, Salmonella, and infectious bovine rhinotracheitis virus. Moreover, it detected the minimum limit of 1.19 × 103 copies/μL for BVDV,...

Aryaf Mahmood Sabea1*, Majida A. Al-Qaiym2 

...essential role in immune system, however the impact of hypothyroidism in immune cells and its relationship with selenium supplement in vivo has not well explored. Accordingly the present study designed to elucidate role of selenium in immunosuppression of hypothyroidism rats. Forty four female Wister rats of 3-4 months aged were equally and randomly divided into 5 groups except the control, which contains 8 rats. The 2nd, 3rd, 4th, and 5th groups were subjecte...

Wen Xiong1*, Shengao Chen2, Dong Xie3, Qiang Wang4, Yanxia Li5, Lei Pan6, Xiaolei Ren7*, Wei Tang8*, Kang Chen9 and Ross N. Cuthbert10

...ish biodiversity in this system. Thus, we propose that protected areas and bans on fish introductions, should be adopted and better enforced in this and other freshwater systems.

...

MALIK ASIF HUSSAIN

...o survive against immune system, as immune system cells
and other components cannot penetrate through layers of biofilm. This
review paper discusses important aspects of biofilm formation, clinical
importance and the concept of resistance versus tolerance.
...

Zainab Sattar Ali* , Safa Azhar Razzaq , Layla Hammody Hashem 

...is for male reproductive system. The animals evenly partitioned to four groups; (G1) group: were received distilled water. (G2) group: were intubated 200mg/kg B.W of Black Tea Selenium Nanoparticles (BTSe), (G3) group: were intubated 200 mg/kg of (BTSe) + 200 mg/kg of L-Arginine, (G4) group: were intubated 200 mg/kg of BTSe+ 200 mg/kg of propolis. The samples of blood had gathered from rats each three weeks for assessed the concentration value of FSH, LH, tes...

Qasim Ali1, Mudssar Ali1*, Muhammad Awais Ahmad1, Asif Sajjad2 and Shafqat Saeed

... pollination, a vital ecosystem service, substantially contributes to enhancing the nutritional quality and yield of cross-pollinated fruits and vegetables. To evaluate the impact of bees and syrphid flies on enhancing the physical and biochemical characteristics of litchi fruit, an experimental investigation was conducted in a Litchi orchard situated in Multan, Pakistan. The study encompassed an examination of pollinator diversity and abundance, as well as th...

Abdiaziz Idiris Mohamud1,2*, Yonis Abukar Mohamed1,3 and Shafii Abdullahi Mohamed1,4

... of different production systems, and exploration of the intersection of animal welfare and zoonotic disease prevention, is necessary for evidence-based decision-making. By leveraging research, promoting evidence-based interventions, and strengthening policy and governance frameworks, Somalia can enhance animal welfare, support sustainable livelihoods, and contribute to overall sustainable development in the country. The integration of animal welfare into Soma...

Muhammad Umar Farooq1, Kashif Ishaq1*, Muhammad Imran Khan1, Muhammad Farooq Iqbal1, Tanveer Ahmad1, Jamil Akbar1, Asim Fraz2, Sara Naeem1 and Aansa Latif1

...">The high input feeding system has been found most efficient in fodder-scarce areas of Pakistan. However, the economic worth of the system is questionable due to the high feed conversion ratio (FCR) of the goats. The current study was planned to improve the Beetal male kid’s performance using a compensatory growth tool. A total of twelve male Beetal kids with an average weight of 20±2 kg and approximately 6 mon...

Romaan Hayat Khattak1, Liwei Teng1,2*, Naimat Ullah Khan3, Aamir Ali3, Abdul Hadi4 and Zhensheng Liu1,2*

...opulations especially in systems where large-bodied primary consumers are limited. This note presents the first photographic evidence of yellow-throated marten from Nizampur National Park (NNP), Nowshera district Khyber Pkahtunkhwa (KP) Pakistan. The presence of this species indicated that this ecosystem has rich biodiversity, providing plenty of resources for the survival of yellow-throated marten. However, keeping in view ...

Sha Li1,2, Yacheng Hu1,2, Wenjing Li3, Wei Su1,2 and Wei Jiang1,2*

... middle Yangtze River ecosystem.

...

Salim Saifullah1*, Tasmina Kanwal2 and Khadija Rehman2

...ental impacts on both ecosystems and human health. Moreover, there is a strong interconnection between air quality and climate change. Numerous atmospheric pollutants, such as black carbon and methane, exhibit substantial warming characteristics, thereby intensifying the greenhouse effect and expediting the process of global warming. The presence of aerosols and their chemical interactions can exert a significant influence on the formation and characteristics ...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...253 sample plots using a systematic random sampling technique. The total carbon stock in the study area was estimated as 1,374,702 tonnes. Out of this, 56% is in the soil, 33 % in aboveground biomass, 9% in belowground biomass and 2% in litter. Average carbon density was estimated as 100 t/ha in the landscape. Mean aboveground carbon density was determined at 33.60 t/ha. In Reserved Forest the aboveground carbon stock is 42.29 t/ha whereas in Guzara Forests, t...

Mahfouz M.M. Abd-Elgawad 

...g the complexities of ecosystem dynamics into quantifiable metrics. Yet, their merits and demerits, discussed herein, should be considered by researchers and stakeholders. As they should be tailored to fit the intended goal of application, related modifications to derive more accurate and appropriate conclusions for nematode management are reviewed in this study. For instance, iteration improved sample size of Meliodogyne incognita to be 389 instead of 402 usi...

I Nyoman Sumerta Miwada1*, I Nyoman Sutarpa Sutama1, Agus Susilo2

...sing the SPSS version 25 system. The results showed that increasing the level of Moringa leaf extract had no effect on pH, water content, and fat but significantly affected protein and ash content (p<0.05). In the color aspect, the L* and a* values ​​significantly decreased (p<0.05), but the b* values ​​significantly increased. Texture profile analysis showed a significant increase in hardness, guminess, cohesiveness, springiness, and chewiness (...

Tevina Edwin, Arfa’i*, Olivio Dickresna

...to examine the husbandry system and income of beef cattle enterprises located in Luak Sub-district, Lima Puluh Kota District, West Sumatra Province, Indonesia. We used a total of ninetyseven farmers who agreed to participate in the study. We used survey methodology. Data were collected using questionnaires and interviews. respondents in this study were 97 breeders. The cattle kept were generally Peranakan simental (F1-F4), Pesisir cattle, Bali cattle, and Pera...

Abir Ishtiaq1*, Abdul Ghaffar2, Maria Younas1, Tasveer Ishtiaq1, Zara Naeem3 and Muhammad Naeem4*

...obilis, from the farming system of Bahawalnagar, Pakistan, in relation to body size and condition factor. For this purpose, twenty-eight samples of H. nobilis, of different body size were procured from a private fish farm, for analysis of body composition parameters’ variables in relation to body size and condition factor. Mean body weight and total length was measured and condition factor of farmed collected fish was calculated as 556.45±28.24 g,...

Ehtesham Khan, Talha Ahmed, M. Irfan Anis* and Syed Ahsan Rehman

... insects, flood etc. The system is used to cultivate high quality crops while gathering continuous data and use this data to further improve the quality and production. Sensors are used for the continuous monitoring of temperature, humidity and light Intensity. These sensors data is updated every minute (up to user) to achieve real-time monitoring of the plant’s environmental conditions. There is also an incorporation of Deep Learning algorithm named Con...

Frah R Kbyeh1*, Ahmed N. Abedsalih2 

...he ability of the immune system to eradicate infection. Altogether, we can conclude that the diclofenac has the required anti-boiflim effects to support ciprofloxacin effect and the body responses against urinary tract infection consequences of E coli O157 :H7 

...

Mollah Mohammad Lalmoddin*, Pal Dipa Rani, Ferdous Jannatul

...%) season. In the field, systemic antibiotics, such as amoxicillin, oxytetracycline and anti-inflammatory, antihistaminic drugs were commonly used as supportive treatment for the disease. Lumpy Skin Disease causes higher morbidity and heavy economic losses in recent years which may be reduced substantially by vaccination, proper surveillance and monitoring, restricted movement of infected and exposed animals. 

...

Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3* 

...n essential neurological system. Brain function can be disturbed through circulatory system disturbance, such as thrombus. An ischemic stroke is one of the brain diseases caused by a thrombus. Ischemic stroke therapy is commonly using antiplatelet, and it causes various side effects. An alternative treatment must be developed to mitigate the side effects of antiplatelet drugs against stroke, such as using herbs, including ca...

Shudong Liu1,2, Shuai Wang1,2, Haoran Cui1 and Genyuan Chen1,2*

...ced obesity, and nervous system development. The genomic regions identified in this study provided a start-up point for contribute to similar studies and can facilitate the potential utilization of genes involved in etiology of Chinese Merino sheep alopecia in the future.

...

Ghusoon Hasan Jadaan1*, Khalisa K. Khudair2 

...O2NPs) effect the immune system and lipid profile, Curcumin Phytosome nanoparticles (CPNPs) possess several biological activities including anti-inflammatory, and hypolipidemic effects. We determined dyslipidemia and inflammatory state induced by exposure to silicon dioxide nanoparticles (SiO2NPs) in female rats could be ameliorated by the administration of Curcumin Phytosome nanoparticles (CPNPs). Curcumin Phytosome NPs’ impact on dyslipidemia and infla...

Muhammad Mansoor1, Shahid Hameed Khalil2,4*, Muhammad Arshad Khan3, Ghani Akbar2, Muhammad Shahzad Khan4, Rana Naveed Mustafa2 and Salah ud Din5

...beds compared to flatbed systems, indicating their positive influence on mung bean outcomes. The study highlighted that a three-day irrigation schedule positively affected growth and nodulation, while a six-day interval was optimal for maximizing seed yield. Balancing vegetative growth and seed yield is crucial for overall productivity in arid regions of Pakistan. This study underscores the importance of adopting appropriate irrigation schedules for mung beans...

Syed Nouman shah1, Anees Ur Rahman1, Midrar Ullah2, Shahab Ahmad Nawaz1, Muhammad Said1, Abdul Kabir1,3*, Abdul Hafeez Bukero1, Maaz Ahmad1 and Muhammad Sadiq1

...ng various physiological systems and functions. This paper aims to review the current literature on mycotoxin occurrence, effects, and management in silage and identify effective strategies to ensure animal health, productivity, and minimize economic losses. We synthesized evidence from studies on harvest and ensiling techniques, silage additives and preservatives, postharvest management practices, feed management practices, and mycotoxin binders. We found tha...

Yu Song1*, Yueping Wei2 and Peng Wang3

...in the coupled rice-crab system were investigated through 16S rRNA gene high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that, a total of 444,882 sequences from 12 samples were obtained, and 6637 bacterial operational taxonomic units (OTUs) with 97% sequence similarity were identified. The rhizosphere bacterial communities were more influenced by growth stages of rice than chemical properties. Principal component analysis (PCA) revealed the similarity of samples...
Subudao Eerdun1, Hai Si1, Rui-Lin Tian1,2*, Hua Mei1, Caicike Badumu1 and Ridunhu Hu1

Adnan Ibrahim Khamis1, Jasim Mohammed Saleh2*, Najwa S. Ali3 and Anwer Thamer Ghaffoori2

...erence in their economic systems and concepts, and the varying stages of their social transformations, as they occupy an essential role in the process of development and economic and social development in all countries of the world, for their great role in employment. The study aims to know the role of small agricultural projects in developing the capabilities and competence of rural youth in Anbar Governorate through nine regions that represent the focus of c...

Hualong Jiang1, Tao Li2,3*, Jing Xiang3, Hanqing Yang3 and Maolin He3

...s important in marine ecosystem management. Sea-crossing bridges have been constructed worldwide to facilitate human travels and transactions. However, limited information is available on the ecological impacts of bridge constructions on local microeukaryotic compositions and functional shifts. In the present study, next-generation sequencing and bioinformatics analyses were performed to compare changes of microeukaryotic communities in local sediments influen...
Amany M. Reyad1*, Aya Maher Rabie1, Reda Mohamed Taha1 and Khalid El-Dougdoug2
...g the VITEK II automated system. Phages specific to Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Klebsiella pneumoniae were isolated and mixed in a cocktail, then applied for the treatment of the collected meat samples. At room te...
Hanaa H.A. Gomaa1*, Dalia Y.A. Amin1, Mona A. Ismail1, Basma Hamdy2, Khaled A. El-Dougdoug3
...arkers as indicators for systemic acquired resistance; total proteins, salicylic acid, phenol, proline, oxidative enzyme activities (polyphenol oxidase and superoxide dismutase) and virological assessments were assayed. Reduction in the disease severity of treated foliar ChNPs and BM fig plants was recorded. Systemic acquired resistance was detected related to Chlorophyll a and b and carotenoid, Phenol, Proline,
Suneela, Sajida Mushtaq*, Sadia Maalik, Asma Waheed Qureshi and Moazama Batool
...of life. In agricultural system, biodiversity refers to estimation of number of species that are present in that ecosystem. In an interrelated ecosystem, different species of insects perform different functions; act as pollinators, recycle nutrients, water and energy in many ways. In this kind of mutually dependent systems, the loss of even single specie...

Wang Teng1,2,3,4, Li Chunhou1,2,3,4, Liu Yong1,2,3,4* and Zhu Ren5*

... in the global marine ecosystem, and an important fishing ground of East Asia. In the past several decade years, multiple pressures including overfishing, habitats destruction, pollution and eutrophication, and non-native species have seriously threaten the biodiversity of fish in the Beibu Gulf. However, the information about fish fauna in this region is very poorly which limiting the conservation of fish biodiversity and sustainability of the fishery. In thi...

Amer Hakeem Chyad1, Omar S.I. Al-Janabi2*, Orooba Mohammed Saeed Ibrahim1, Najeeb Mohaamed Hussein3

...luding male reproductive system. In the present investigation, we investigated the effect of oral administration of Chelidonium majus L. root extract on the testes of rats. Fifty adult male rate were divided into five equal groups, and each group received thirty days of treatment. first group (G1). Gave only distilled water (negative control group). second group (G2). These animals were administered CP at a dose of 14.2 mg/kg/BW (positive control group). third...

M. Azalou1,3*, C. C. Kpomasse1, A. S. Assani3,4, I. T. Alkoiret3,4, Wéré Pitala1,2  

El-Dougdoug. K.A.1, Mervat, M. Fath Alah2, Reham A. Hassen3,Rehab A . Dawoud2
...use of the phenomenon of systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to control plant viruses and increased growth in vitro. Through this study, it was and proved to induced SAR in potato plants using bacterial and fungal contaminants in tissue culture against Potato virus Y. These biotic inducers were Pseudomonas sp., Bacillus sp., Xanthomonas sp. as well as Trichoderma, Aspergillus and Fusarium as contaminants microbial of potato micropropagative in vitro. The occurr...

 Shawki, Khaled K.; Carter, M.J.; Alnashar, Nariman M., El-Farrashl, Mohamed A. and Taher, Sahar

...ed using the baculovirus system and the obtained purified protein was examined by EM which showed that the new engineering approach is permitting some form of structural assembly. Our study points a way to produce a more pan-reactive vaccine in future studies by producing antisera directed predominantly at the most conserved S-domain of Norovirus capsid.

...

Hemeida, A. A., Osman, M., El-Shahat, Mohamed, Hashem, Medhat H., Mahmoud, Amal and Dahi, Hosni

Hagag, N.M.*•, Arafa, A.*; Shalaby, M. A. ** El-Sanousi, A. A. **and Aly, M. M. 
...cing hybridization probe system of higher sensitivity than TaqMan one step than TaqMan two steps  and conventional PCR were of the lowest sensitivity although one step showed higher sensitivity than two steps.

...

Elbeshehy, E. K.F. and Sallaml, A.A.A.

...norate, Egypt exhibiting systemic mosaic, blistering, fruit malformation and stunted plant growth and identified by biological, serological and molecular analysis. The isolated virus gave positive reaction with CMV antiserum but not with antibodies of WW and SqMV using DAS-ELISA. CMV was able to infect different host plant species including squash, pumpkin, pepper, bean, Chenopodium amaranticolor and cowpea showing foliar symptoms of mosaic, deformations and n...

El-Dougdoug2, Kh.A; Ghalyl, M.F. and Tahal , M.A.

...tive in local as well as systematically control of CMV infection.

...

Mahdyl , A.M.M.; Hafezl , M.A.; EL-Dougdoug2, Kh. A.; Fawzyl , R.N. and Shahwanl , Eman S.M.•

... infection and detection systemic acquired resistance (SAR) Were Studied. SAR was detected by determination of salicylic acid (SA) resulted induction of protein related to biotic inducers, virus concentration and disease severity (DS). The obtained results from quantification of total SA in induced tomato plants (after 7 days of spraying inducers) showed high level of SA with kombucha &eatment followed by C. inerme and M. jalapa, while mixed (M. jalapa+C. ...

Zein Salwa N; Abd El-khalik, Samaa; Khatab  , Eman A.A.H and Azzam4,Clara R.

...za Res. Station, showing systemic mosaic and spots. Purified TMV-S migrated as a single zone in density gradient column. Ultraviolet absorbance ofTMV-S was typical of nucleoprotein with minimum and maximum at 247 and 260 nm respectively. The ratios of A260/280 and Amax/min were 1.2 and 1.1 respectively. Electron microscopy of purified virus showed the presence of rod shape particles with a size 300 nm. Titer of the prepared antisera as determined using ELISA w...

El-Sabagh, I.M.; Hussein, H.A.; Amer, H.M.; El-Sanousi, A.A.; Reda,I.M. and M.A. Shalaby

Amer, H.M.; Hussein, H. A.; El-Sabagh, I. M.; El-Sanousi, A. A. Saber,M.S. and Shalaby, M. A.

...a baculovirus expression system. The specific RT-PCR product of N gene was cut and extracted from gel using DNA gel extraction kit (Millipore). Eluted DNA was successfully cloned in pBlueBac4.5N5-His TOPO TA baculovirus transfer vector and transformed in chemically competent E. coli. A modified colony PCR assay was utilized to identify the positive bacterial colonies that harbor the recombinant plasmids carrying N gene in correct orientation. Generation of rec...

Manal A. El-Shazly1, A. s. 2 Abdel Wahab and Salwa N. Zein3

...served symptoms included systemic mosaic and yellowing for TSWV and necrotic eyelike spots and yellow spots on leaves, and flower stem for IYSV. Both TSWV and IYSV were mechanically and seed transmitted. TSWV was transmitted by two different thrips species, Thrips tabaci L (33.3%) and Frankliniella occidentallis Pergamde (60.9%) whereas the transmission of IYSV was obtained by Thrips tabaci L. only (45%).  Adults of T. tabaci and F. occidentallis Pergamde...

Mayada A. Abd Elgalell; B.A Othman2; Th. Radwan, 1 and Amal S.M. Abo-Sinna3

...an sulfate 500 two phase system. The two phages had different ultraviolet absorption spectra. Results of the lytic pattern of both phages showed that, they had a restricted host range. Particle morphology of the isolated phages was determined and it was found that the two viruses have tadpole shape, which phage PPI has an isometric head (135 nm) and long non-contractile tail (225 nm) whereas phage PP2 has an isometric head (121 nm) and long contractile tail (2...

A. A. Kheder1; I. A. M. Ibrahim2; H. M. Mazyadl

...al infection followed by systemic chlorotic leaf spot on Petunia hybrida. Lycopersicon esculentum cv. Castle Rock and Vitis labrusca L. Typical chlorotic spots was expressed on the woody indicator GF305 leaves 30 days after double chip budding. Stability experiments of PRMV showed that the thermal inactivation point was 60- 650C. The dilution end point was 10-3 and the longevity in vitro 15-20 days at room temperature. Using specific antiserum. PRMV was detect...

M.A. Abo-EInasr l, Kh.A. EL-Dougdougl, M.H. El-Kattan2 and L.A. Salem2

M. Osman1, Kh. El-Dougdoug2, E. T. Abd El-Salam3, R.M. Taha4 and R.M. El-Hamidl

...andarani. After 15 days. systemic symptoms appeared in the newly formed leaves in the form of vein banding, severe mosaic, yellowing, malformation, and leaves wilting. Histopathological studies of CMV-infected squash leaves showed changes such as compact mesophyll, disintegrated and less lignified metaxylem, slight upward blistering of leaf blade, closed stomata, short palisade and rounded spongy cells as well as vascular elements of the midrib formed in two p...

Divanildo Outor-Monteiro1,2,3*, José António Silva2,3,4, José Luís Mourão1,2,3, Victor Pinheiro1,2,3

...from alternative rearing systems as opposed to intensive cage-based systems. This trial was designed to explore the influence of production systems (cages - Cg; 13.3 rabbits/m2, closed parks - CP; 7.7 rabbits/m2, and open-air systems - Oa; 0.25 rabbits/m2) and slaughter age (70 and 84 days) on the growth, carcass traits and meat quality of growing rabbit...

Nurlan Akhmetsadykov1*, Tanatar Kydyrov2, Moldir Akhmetzhanova1, Gulnazi Akhmetova3, Maxat Berdikulov4 

...mosis. The proposed test system can be used for diagnosis of trypanosomosis in the early stages of the disease. 

...

Estabraq Hayder Khayoon, Ammar Ahmed Abdulwahid*  

... restoring a normal body systems’ function. The goal of the current study is to evaluate the how the brain effected oxidatively by Acrylamide exposure and the ability of Curcumin to ameliorate the neurotoxicity. For this investigation, thirty mature male albino rats be used, (10/group), the control group (CC), animals were intubated with distilled water for 40 days, Group G1, rats received Acrylamide 5 mg/kg B.W. every day for 40 days by gavage needle, a...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar* and Jawad Hussain

... is covered, causing the system to misinterpret blurry images of pedestrians. Expanding the use of an evidence-based approach to creating AI is necessary, as is supporting openness, continuous quality control, and a risk-benefit analysis. We think AI tools should only be used in clinical settings once they have undergone thorough validation. Once that is done, we think they should be continuously checked in clinical settings. Furthermore, it is imperative that...

Kouengoua Kouengoua Armelle Prudence1*, Yessinou Roland2, Nankam Chimi Roland1, Fotsac Dzousse Muller1, Kouam Alain1, Djuikwo Felicite1, Facho Balaam1, Awah Ndukum Julius3, Farougou Souaibou2 

...e in cattle. This review systematically addresses data available on bovine tuberculosis in Africa’s wildlife. This article has given an overview of the factors related to prevalence, host, causal agents, methods of diagnostics, risk factors. After several screenings, six articles were considered for this systematic review. East and Southern Africa countries carry on most researches on bovine tuberculosis in wildlife. A...

Fadime Eroglu1*, Altan Akineden2, Cemal Cicek3, Selcuk Turkel2 

... weakening of the immune system and cause diagnostic difficulties and death of patients due to symptoms overlapping with COVID-19 disease. It was aimed to investigate the distribution of intestinal protozoan infections in COVID-19 patients and the relationship between these protozoans with clinical symptoms of COVID-19 disease. COVID-19 patients included in the study were classified according to their clinical symptoms as mild, moderate and severe clinical sym...

Vladimir Vasilievich Shimalov  

...nks on model reclamation systems in Brest Polesie (South-West Belarus), to establish the species composition of helminths and their infection of these animals under conditions of increased anthropogenic pressure on the channels associated with periodic mowing of their banks and slopes. Common shrews were caught with mousetraps lined up along drainage channel bank in mixed forests, on arable lands, pastures, and along roads in Brest, Zhabinka and Malorita distr...

Ahmed M. Manthoor, Ali H. Saliem* 

...ochemical tests, Vitek 2 system and PCR tests referred to that bacteria was E. Coli. Bacteria was susceptible to the alcoholic extract of P. oleracea and gave an inhibitory zone 14-30 mm, while 15- 37 mm for ciprofloxacin. The MIC was 32 mg/ml for the extract and 25 µg/ml for the antibiotic. The MBC was 64 mg/ml for the extract and 50 µg/ml for ciprofloxacin. Fe-Scanning Electron Microscope results showed that surface of the bacteria was shrunk, ro...

Hillary M.O. Otieno1,2*

...the well-being of the ecosystem. This review, therefore, explores the potential benefits of widespread herbicide adoption in the region. Also, the study investigates the potential crop and environmental risks that may arise from the improper use of herbicides and highlights the importance of implementing mitigation strategies to ensure sustainable and responsible herbicide usage in the region.

...

Elena Balarezo1*, Jose Luis Flores1 and Brendan Cullen2 

...ms in order to adapt the systems to climate change. Historical and prospected climate scenarios were simulated by using daily climate data from the SILO meteorology database. The different handling styles and climate fluctuations of two farms were simulated using DairyMod. Using current pasture species and livestock, it first was modelled the effects of climate change in 2050 and 2080 on pasture growth, feed consumption, and milk production. Afterward, it was ...

Ahokpossi AGAC1,2*, Salifou CFA2, Youssao Abdou Karim I2, Ameyapoh Y3 

...were reared in intensive system (IS) and free-range system (FS). Groups 1 and 4 were reared in confinement and slaughtered at 12 weeks of age and 8 weeks of age, respectively; groups 2 and 3 were reared in free-range and slaughtered at 20 weeks of age. The slaughter ages were chosen according to farmers’ practices. For the confinement-raised birds, Cobb 500 had the highest averages of live weight, hot carcass weight, c...

Mathew O. Ayoola1*, Kayode Sasona1, Oluwakamisi F Akinmoladun2, Tolulope O. Faniyi3, Abel O. Oguntunji1, Tunde E. Lawal1

...ssigned to three housing systems (concrete pen with litter filled floor [H1], concrete pen with soil filled floor [H2], and battery cage [H3]) and three feeding systems (forage only [F1], concentrate feed only [F2], and forage + concentrate [F3]) in a 3x3 factorial completely randomized experimental design for ten weeks. The study found that the main effect of housing and feeding systems w...

Salema Lafta Hassan1*, Taghred Jabbar Humadai1, Sabrin Ibraheem Mohsin

Pratap A. Divekar1,2*, Sampat K Patel2, Guru Pirasanna Pandi G3, Manimurugan C2,4, Vikas Singh2 and Jagdish Singh1
... basis in the cabbage ecosystem.

...

Afrasyab Khan1,3, Ali Raza Jahejo1,3, Meng-li Qiao1,3, Xin-yu Han1,3, Raza Ali Mangi1,3, Ding Zhang1,3, Yu-hai Bi2, George F Gao1,3* and Wen-xia Tian1,3*

...pathway and other immune system genes in response to early bacterial infection such as NFKBIA, NFKBIE, IKBKE, CCL5, MDA5, MyD88, and TRAF6 at different h’s interval. Whereas cMGF and IFN-α expression were significantly downregulated during early time intervals such as 0 h, 2 h and 6 h while later on the expression level significantly increased. These results will lead to increased insights on M. synoviae infection resistance mechanisms and the role...

Muhammad Tahir Latif1*, Muzzammil Hussain1, Ali Zohaib2 and Ishtiaq Hassan3

...">In rice-wheat cropping system the emerging Super Seeder (SS) is a tractor operated single pass solution to incorporate the standing and loose paddy residues into soil without burning, prepares land and concurrently sows wheat seed. This study was conducted during 2022 to assess the pros and cons of SS for wheat sowing as well as to compare the economics of wheat production to conventional tillage/broadcasting method (CT). As the SS has not been adopted on la...

Ruth Dameria Haloho1*, Jisril Palayukan1, Agus Setiadi2, Edy Rianto2, Nadlirotun Luthfi3

... and raised by intensive system. The expensive buffalo were consisted of Saleko, Doti Salamba and Bonga. The another one is Pudu (black) buffalo that reared by grazing system. The results showed that Return on Investment (ROI) of the buffalo farming business was 54.3%, Net Present Value (NPV) was IDR 6,642,607, Benefit Cost Ratio (BCR) was 1.25. The factors of production inputs simultaneously significantly affected farmers p...

Alif Rahman Rohim Puarada*, Safika, Agustin Indrawati

...ftware using the SEED subsystem. The investigation reveals a notable abundance of AMR genes, with bacitracin resistance standing out prominently, particularly associated with the prevalence of Bacillus pumilus. Metal and environmental resistance mechanisms underscore the complex adaptations within the birds’ gastrointestinal. The study highlights concern regarding the elevated presence of antibiotic resistance genes, particularly those associated with sy...

Eluzia A. Barus*, Khansa N. Salsabilah, Achmad Firman, Linda Herlina

...n with differing farming systems and designs. However, any business needs to be profitable to be economically sustainable. This research aims to analyze profitability and Break Even Point in closed-house system broiler chicken farming businesses with a capacity of 63,000 birds. We will also plan developmental strategies to increase the business’ income. This research was conducted using the survey method at Camara Farm...

Yaseen1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Maryam Begum3, Sumbal Bibi3, Umber3, Namra3, Abbas Khan4, Shumaila Gul5 and Raheela Taj6

...versity found in aquatic systems of Pakistan. This review discusses research over past decades regarding toxic effects of pesticides induced in edible freshwater fishes of Pakistan and future considerations.

...

Zhenglei Qiao*, Jie Xing and Fang Li

... reference materials for systematic classification of this group of fish.

...

Lijuan Liu1, Jinghang Chen2*, Min Wang3 and Wei Li4

...justify;">In contrast to systemic administration methods such as oral or injection, inhaled medications are directly administered to the respiratory tract to exert a therapeutic impact, which has clear benefits in the treatment of respiratory illnesses. However, existing inhaled medications are difficult to fulfill clinical prescription demands, and the research and development of novel inhaled pharmaceuticals has significant hurdles due to a lack of comprehen...

Oybek A.Abduganiev1, Erkinjon B.Shakarboev2*

...uals; Aidar Arnasay lake system – prevalence 0.9-27.8%, intensity of infection 1-46 individuals; Tuyabuguz reservoir – prevalence 2.1-26.6%, intensity of infection 1-38 individuals; fishing farms – prevalence 0.3-29.6%, intensity of infection 1-67 individuals; canals – prevalence 3.1-20.3%, intensity of infection 1-42 individuals.
 
Keywords | Helminths, Parasites, Predatory fish, Uzbekistan
...

Taghreed Jabbar Humadai*, Bushra Ibrahim AL-Kaisei

...ure of male reproductive system and oxidative stress induction in male albino rats. The methods included sixty male albino rats at age 8-9 weeks and weighted 190-200 gm were divided into three groups: The first group: Consisted of 20 rats control were given distilled water and normal rat pellet, the second group: Consisted of 20 rats injected weekly 0.5µg /kg. b.w. by I/P route which represented 1/20 LD50 of tetrodotoxin, the third group: It also consist...

Feri Eko Hermanto1, Yuli Frita Nuningtyas1, Filoza Marwi1, Fajar Shodiq Permata2, Agus Susilo1, Muhammad Halim Natsir1*

...al health through immune system modulation. Teak Leaves, Turmeric, and Ginger have emerged as promising feed additives for fortifying the mucosal immune system in broiler chickens. However, understanding how these herbs confer protective effects remains challenging, given the intricate nature of mucosal immunity and its role in maintaining gut health. This study adopts a network biological approach to decode the complex web ...

Ediset1*, Jaswandi2, Fuad Madarisa1, Amrizal Anas1, Rizqan2

...vation-based maintenance system. This study aims to determine the level of adoption of Artificial Insemination (A.I.) innovations and the success rate of A.I. innovations in the buffalo farming business. This study uses a survey method and a secondary data analysis approach. The population is 100 buffalo breeders who have adopted the AI. innovation. In comparison, the number of samples determined by the Proportional Sampling technique is 50 breeders from 5 sub...

Urip Rosani1*, Iman Hernaman1, Rahmat Hidayat1, Darmawan Hidayat2

... compact ultrasonic test systems so that they can be applied in industry or practically in the field.
 
Keywords | Ultrasonic Wave, Attenuation, Velocity, Rice Bran, Rice Husk
...

ARIFA ZEREEN & ALMAS JAHAN

...rious threat to local ecosystems. This research work was planned to determine the harmful and significant effects of exotic plants on local flora. Fourteen species of exotic and invasive plants viz., Eucalyptus camaldulensis Dehnh., Populus deltoids W. Bartram ex Marshall, Prosopis juliflora (Sw.) DC., Broussonetia papyrifera (L.) Vent, Lantana camara L., Cannabis sativa L., Parthenium hysterophorus L., Xanthium strumarium L., Alternanthera pungens Kunth, Tria...

ZEESHAN REHMAN1, RANA ABRAR HUSSAIN1, SHAISTA JABEEN2, SAKHAWAT ALI2, ZAHAR NOREEN1 & IRUM MUKHTAR1*

...jor threat to ecological system and human health. Present study was carried out to evaluate human health risks in association with food chain contamination of heavy metals from urban and industrial wastewater irrigation. During present investigation, Pb2+, Cd2+ and Zn2+ concentrations were analyzed in mostly cultivated/consumed Brassica oleracea. Var. Botyris species in Lahore (LHR), Narowal and Kasur districts of Punjab, Pakistan. The average concentration of...

SEHRISH MUSHTAQ1, MUHAMMAD SHAFIQ1, MUHAMMAD ASHFAQ*1 FAIZA KHAN1, SOHAIB AFZAAL1, UMMAD HUSSAIN1, MUBASSHIR HUSSAIN1, RASHID MUKHTAR BALAL2 & MUHAMMAD SALEEM HAIDER1

...Bergey’s manual of systematic bacteriology. The antagonistic potential of bacterial endophytes to A. solani was explored using the agar absorption method. This study showed the antifungal potential of Pantoea sp. (35.66%), Ensifer adhaerens (35.33%), Citrobacter diversus (33.03%), and Azotobacter nigricans (31.56%) to check the growth of pathogenic fungi compared to controls. Aureobacterium liquifaciens (27.66%), Acinetobacter sp. (25.66%), Bordetella pe...

SAIMA SHARIF, SHAGUFTA NAZ, FARKHANDA MANZOOR, AYESHA NOOR & ZAHRA JAMIL

...ative effects on all the system of the human body, including the respiratory system and therefore has high mortality and morbidity rates. This cross-sectional study was designed to find the relationship of lung function with obesity in healthy subject. The study was carried out in young females of Lahore College for Women University, Lahore from January 2017 to June 2017. During this period a total of 180 females were enroll...

Uqba Mehmood

...ents was recorded in ALA system, but overall responses of germination defective spores with substituted amino acids and alanine are not much different. Therefore all the amino acid proved competent germinant in place of alanine in ALA system. The overall role of germinants as a replacement in AGFK is satisfactory and they trigger germination in germination defective bacterial spores as do asparagines. In present studies all ...

MUHAMMAD NAEEM RAZA1, KALSOOM SUGHRA1* & NADIA ZEESHAN1

...eal Time PCR (Applied Biosystems, Step One software). Results show 2750 out of 3540 (77.6%) suspected patients were positive for HCV-RNA. Female have higher percentage (57.78%) than male (42.22%) with highest viral load observed at age group 15 to 30 years. The genotype 3a (83.33%) was dominant to other circulating genotypes as 2b (13.33%) and mixed 3a/2b (3.33%). The highest prevalence of HCV infection was noted in females compared to males and 3a was most do...

SHEIKH AJAZ RASOOL1, MUHAMMAD SALMAN RASOOL2 & MUNAZZA AJAZ3

...rformance of pumping out systems, synthesis of secretory saccharides, bioaccumulation and directed flagella based shifting resulting out of hypo-doses of drug stimulation. Further, the prevalence of Enterobacteriaceae member strains has been witnessed producing Extended Spectrum β-Lactamases (ESBLs) and Carbapenemases. Drug resistance in viral entities has also posed challenge for public health programs. About 20% people die of viral hepatitis in one of P...

MUHAMMAD MANSHA*1, QAMAR ALI1, UROOJ FATIMA DILAWARI1, ABRAR HUSSAIN1 & MUHAMMAD TARIQ1

... to presence of carbonyl system. The bio-screening of 13 compounds was conducted and assessed against S. aureus, C. albicans and E. coli by agar well diffusion method. Chalcones analogues 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, and 8 were found to be inactive or insignificant against E. coli. Chalcone analogue 9 showed moderate activity against E. coli. Similarly, compounds, 1, 2, 3, 6, 7, 8 and 9 were found to be inactive or insignificant against S. aureus. Analogues 4 and 5 di...

 Muhammad Sultan1,4, Muhammad H. Mahmood2,4, Takahiko Miyazaki3,4, Shigeru Koyama3,4, Zahid M. Khan1

 

...siccant air-conditioning systems. It also influences various operating parameters of desiccant air-conditioning systems e.g. switching/cycle time, desiccant/system size, and regeneration temperature etc. Usually it is difficult to measure open-cycle adsorption kinetics precisely in adsorption heat pump systems. Therefore, present study provides an experi...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Mouloud Lamtai1*, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Ayoub Rezqaoui1, Abdeljabbar Nassiri1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...n of the central nervous system (CNS). In this study, we focused on the prefrontal cortex, hippocampus, striatum, and hypothalamus of male and female “Wistar” rat pups, as these areas have differential developing states. NO level was determined on postnatal days (PND) 1, 2, 3, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12, 14, 15, 16, and 17. The supernatant nitrite/nitrate (NOx) concentration was assessed after the reduction of nitrates to nitrites using the Griess reac...

Md. Asadujjaman1, Md. Yeamin Hossain2*, Most. Farida Parvin3, Most. Shakila Sarmin2, Fairuz Nawer2, Wasim Sabbir4, Md. Ashekur Rahman2, Nur-E-Farjana Ilah2, Md. Joynal Abedin5, Md. Abdus Samad6 and Gitartha Kaushik7

...River and the related ecosystems.

...

Md. Asadujjaman1, Md. Yeamin Hossain2*, Most. Farida Parvin3, Most. Shakila Sarmin2, Fairuz Nawer2, Wasim Sabbir4, Md. Ashekur Rahman2, Nur-E-Farjana Ilah2, Md. Joynal Abedin5, Md. Abdus Samad6 and Gitartha Kaushik7

...River and the related ecosystems.

...
Samia S. Alkhalil1, Faisal Al-Sarraj2, Abeer S. Aloufi3, Zuhair M. Mohammedsaleh4, Mamdoh S. Moawadh4, Fayez M. Saleh5, Majid Al-Zahrani6, Waheeb Aggad7, Youssef S. Alghamdi8, Mutaib M. Mashraqi9, Saleh Alshamrani9 and 
Mona H. Soliman10,11*
...y carbon clearance assay system, lymphoproliferative response to PHA-P, antibody response to SRBCs, total antioxidant capacity and total oxidant status of the rats and interleukin concentrations, along with histopathology of organs. Results of this study confirmed the immunomodulation and antioxidant capacity of Bacillus licheniformis against 28 µg/kg BW of aflatoxins. 

...

Mubashar Hussain*, Takhmina Nazir and Muhammad Faheem Malik

...dscapes including agroecosystems. Agricultural intensification contributes to the decline of these pest predators mainly due to pesticides, habitat reduction, and decreased food availability. Here, we explored the diversity of ladybird beetles in croplands alongside the river Chenab at Wazirabad. We collected coccinellid beetles from seven sampling sites (Behram, Wazirabad City, Khanki, Burj Cheema, Tahli da Kot, Rasool Nagar and Kot Har Auddin) by handpicking...
Kalaiselvi Natarajan1, Karal Marx Karuppiah1, Sheena K Baby1, Sakthivel Mohammed2, Shanmugam Seerappalli Aran1 and Suresh Eswaran1*
...pment of Koi carp in RAS system. The matured brooders were administered with three synthetic hormone ovaprim, ovatide and WOVA -FH at 0.7 ml per kg of body weight. Comparatively WOVA-FH at 0.7 ml per kg showed better performance with higher number of ovulated eggs, fertilization and hatching rate than ovaprim and ovatide. For dose optimization, the matured brooders were administered with synthetic hormone WOVA -FH at three different doses viz., 0.3, 0.5 and 0....

Kiran Khan1*, Ata ur Rehman2, Jai Dev Maheshwari1, Ghazala Nasim Pasha3, Tayyaba Mumtaz4 and Ruqaya Nangrejo5

...’s musculoskeletal system. Excessive smartphone use causes muscle fatigue and joint pain from the fingers to the neck, which is proportional to the amount of time spent on the device. The duration of smartphone ancillary function use was found to be related to the relationship between smartphone use and musculoskeletal discomfort in this study. Headache and hearing discomfort were found to increase in participants with increasing time, but this was not s...

Mercy Cuenca-Condoy1*, Lourdes Reinoso-García2, Juan González-Rojas2, Dionel García-Bracho3  

...nt in mechanical milking systems; S. aureus and S. uberis are present in equal frequency in mechanical and manual milking; Acinetobacter iwoffi and Kocuria salsiccia were only recorded in mechanical milking of dairy herds in Biblián -Ecuador. The study results suggested to improve management and hygiene in dairy farms of study area.  

...
Mouhamed Zakiou Kolawole Adissa Raimi1, Ghulam Hussain2, Nousheen Zafeer3, Faheem Ahmad1, Muhammad Irfan4, Anwar Ullah1, Imdad Kaleem1 and Asghar Shabbir1*
...s in the central nervous system involving multiple genetic and environmental factors. Although, the demyelinated lesions develop throughout the brain, but more frequently are extensive in white matter. Currently, three different approaches are being utilized to treat MS, where synthetic drugs are the most frequently used but they do not cure the disease. Secondly, the stem cell therapy but this too has limited success in treating MS in humans. The thirds techn...

Shahbaz Hussain1, Asif Ameen2*, Muhammad Ehsan Safdar3, Atif Naeem1, Ahmad Jawad1, Madad Ali1, Muhammad Ather Nadeem3, Ghulam Abbas2, Muhammad Arif2, Muhammad Ahmad Zafar4, Zahid Hassan5

...ld performance under DSR system. A weedy check was retained as control. Results revealed that Clover and Pyranex Gold applied at either dose significantly (p≤0.05) reduced the population and growth of Cyperus iria (90-97% weed density and 93-97% weed dry biomass) and Echinochloa colona (94-97% weed density and weed dry biomass) weeds over control, while Puma Super proved efficient in suppressing Leptochloa chinensis and Echinochloa colona weeds. Among all t...

Marah Salim Hameed1, Ali Ibrahim Ali Al-Ezzy2*

...ies’ physiological systems is nitrate toxicity. Evaluation of antioxidant, nephroprotective and immunomodulatory activity of vitamins C and E -sodium selenite in mice intoxicated with sodium nitrate. Thirty healthy adult male mice of 25-30gm body weight divided randomly into six groups (5 mice/each) administered the following daily for 2 weeks, respectively: Vitamin E -sodium selenite 0.5 ml/LDW(T1); vitamin C (0.5 gm/L (T2); NaNO3 0.5gm/L (T3); NaNO3 (7...

Hayder S. Rwayyih*, Tahani S.S. Al-Azawi

...ection on cardiovascular system in menopause estrogen deficiency and ovariectomized female rabbits. Alpha lipoic acid could fight the deleterious effect of menopause estrogen deficiency. 
 
Keywords | Ovariectomy, Menopause, Estrogen deficiency Alpha lipoic acid, Cardiovascular system, Rabbits, Histology, Biological markers
...

Bushra AL-Khaqani, Amira Mohammed*  

... processes in the immune system. Our findings showed that RES may reduce asthma by activating anti-inflammatory genes, restoring lung barrier integrity, and decreasing proinflammatory cytokines and infiltrating inflammatory cells.
 

...

Saadatin Nurul Jannah1, Edhy Sudjarwo1, Osfar Sjofjan2*

...s can improve the immune system in broiler chickens.
 
Keywords | Antioxidant, Blood profile, Flavonoid, Onion peel, Production performance
...

Igor Ponjiger1, Milutin Kovacevic1*, Vladimir Markovic1, Zoran Ristic1 and Vukan Lavadinovic2

...n intensive impact on ecosystem stability. Changes in the production led to decreased habitat heterogeneity and to decline in biodiversity, including the European hare (Lepus europaeus), especially in the lowland regions. Even though European hare mostly adapted to intensive agricultural habitats, the population densities have decreased throughout Europe since the 1960s. Previous research reported field size to be one of the most important predictors of the ha...
Julio Adolfo Corzo-Bacallao1*, Carlos Alfredo Salas-Macías1, Osvaldo Fonseca-Rodríguez2,3, Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos1, Erika Isabel Alcívar-Muñoz1 and Henry Fabricio Baque-Loor1 
 
...re, with an agroforestry system with coffee trees of the Sarchimor variety planted at 1.5 x 1.5 m, interspersed with tree species typical of the dry forest. The system involves manual weed control, without fertilization, irrigation, phytosanitary control, or shade regulation. In this scenario, and during an experimental period of 90 days (03/08/2022 - 26/10/2022), phenological variables of coffee trees maintained in a study ...

Aspen Abutalip*, Batyrbek Aitzhanov, Assiya Mussayeva, Vladislava Suchshikh, Natalya Yegorova

... the prepared diagnostic system with vaccine strains of the causative agent of emphysematous carbuncle used for active immunisation of animals in Kazakhstan and field experiments with biological material from sick and deceased animals, results were obtained that indicate that the developed test system can be used to diagnose animal diseases. Testing the system on vaccine strains showed a h...

Thuong Thi Nguyen1*, Nhu Quynh Ho1, Thuan Khanh Nguyen2, Tuan Phong Vu Anh Vo3, Hai Thanh Duong4

...45 were healthy. The SCR system sensitivity was 58.33%. Rumination alerts recorded 345 alerts, including 203 alerts of diseases after clinical examination, in which abomasal displacement was 100% alert effective, ketosis at 73.53% alerts, and mastitis at 63.83% alerts. However, the rates of mastitis, ketosis, and abomasal displacement were 24%, 13.6%, and 10%, respectively. On the alert day, rumination time and milk yield of diseased cows were lower than those...
Yanis Cruz-Quintana1*, Ana María Santana-Piñeros1, Byron Manuel Reyes-Mero1, Leonela Griselda Muñoz-Chumo1 and Lenin Cáceres-Farías1,2 
...odina in aquaculture systems of Ecuador. 
...

Huma Naz1*, Sajid Abdullah2, Tanveer Ahmed3*, Khalid Abbas2, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Rizwan1, Fareeha Latif4, Adnan Ahmad Qazi1, Muhammad Adeel Hassan5

...ticides in freshwater ecosystems and offers new insights into the potential synergistic effects of these pesticides on aquatic organisms.
...

Naveed Akhtar, Hafiz Muhammad Tahir*, Azizullah, Aamir Ali

...a in the agricultural ecosystem of Pakistan, as well as their composition, drivers of assemblages, and species richness, lack comprehensive understanding and remain poorly documented. We studied biodiversity, species richness, and seasonal dynamics of coccinellids in two major maize-growing districts of the Punjab province, i.e., Kasur and Lahore, in 2018-2019. The coccinellids were collected from February to June during both cropping seasons. Visual counting,...

Arif Mehmood1*, Muhammad Naeem2, Abu Bakkar Muhammad Raza1, Muhammad Zeeshan Majeed1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1, Muhammad Asam Riaz1, Ikram ul Haq1 and Waqas Raza1

...were deposited in the Biosystematics Laboratory of Pir Mehr Ali Shah, Arid Agriculture University Rawalpindi. Results show that Park, Forest area, and scrapyard were the most abundant habitats respectively, while the least abundant habitat was crop area. Parks were found to be the richest habitat, while graveyards were the least rich habitat. 

...

Md. Khayrul Basher1, Sumon Sarkar2,3, Md. Samiul Haque1, Sourav Sarker4, Md. Rashedul Islam1*

...d many other significant systemic illnesses. The current study on adult female mice assessed the protective effects of Na-selenite against arsenic-mediated hematological, biochemical, and organ development toxicities. In this study, adult female mice (Swiss Albino) were categorized into four groups namely control, NaAsO2, NaAsO2+Na2SeO3, and Na2SeO3 (10 µm NaAsO2 and 10 µm Na2SeO3, respectively) were orally administrated via drinking water up to 60...

Hilarius Yosef Sikone1*, Gomera Bouk2, Edelnia Kristina Bere2, Yohana Kamlasi2, Elisabeth Yulia Nugraha1

...s across various rearing system typologies. The study was carried out in the North Central Timor Regency, province of East Nusa Tenggara, in the sub-districts of West Miomaffo, Central Miomaffo, Insana, North Insana, Biboki Moenle’u, and Biboki Anle’u between April 2023 to October 2023. 285 Balinese cattle, including 82 calves, 105 weaned beef cattle, and 98 heifers. This research used mixed methods to obtain qualitative and quantitative data, a su...

Felix O. Takim*1, Gideon Z. Nayan2, Oluwafemi O. Osatuyi1and Israel O. Olayiwola1

...eet potato intercropping system that will minimize weed infestation and improve yield of the component crops in a drought-prone southern Guinea savanna of Nigeria. The experiment was laid as a randomized complete block design with a split-plot arrangement and 3 replications in 2018 and 2019 growing seasons. The main plots were planting time (May, June and July) while the sub-plots consisted of 3 maize-sweet potato intercropping populations(maize at 53,333 plan...
Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan 1, Sadia Afzal2, Muhammad Azim
Khan3, Tasawer Abbas4, Muhammad Mansoor Javaid1, Muhammad Mohsin Amin1,
Naila Farooq5 Amir Aziz5
...v>sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of crops is getting scientific
attention as eco-friendly alternative to synthetic herbicides especially under scenario of fast
increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous
extract of winter crop Carthamus tinctorius L. (safflower) on summer weed Oryza punctata
L. (red rice) seed emergence and initial seedling ...

Sanaullah1*

...evailing weed management system and encourage the farmers to integrate cultural practices with chemical control measures. A three stage stratified sampling technique was adopted to collect data from the selected respondents through a well-designed interview schedule. Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS v 20) was used to analyze the primary cross-sectional data and the obtained findings were depicted in tables and figures. Descriptive statistics revea...
Barkatullah1, Sumayya Noreen1.Khushnood Ur Rehman1, Zahid Ali Butt2, Tabassum
Yaseen3, Kamran Akbar3, and Salma Noreen3
...val in an
ecosystem. To determine the allelopathic effect of Indian plum (Ziziphus mauritiana)
contrary to three selected crops i.e. wheat (Triticum aestivum L.), maize (Zea mays L.),
and chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.). The collection of Indian plum was made from Ahmad
Abad District Karak and was dried at room temperature under the shade. The aqueous
extract was used from different parts of the plants...
Kamran Ahmed Pathan1 , Waheed Ali Panhwar1,*, Abdul Manan Shaikh1, Safdar Ali
Ujan1, Javed Ahmed Ujan1, Khadim Hussain Memon1, Irfan Ahmed Pathan1 and
Shabana Mangi1
...present in almost all ecosystems,
except the ocean and polar regions. They are most important biologically controlling agents
into agro-ecosystems. Long horned beetles were gathered from different sites (agricultural
fields and their surrounding vegetation) of Sindh Province with insect net (7.79 cm in
diameter and 49.9 cm in length) and hand picking. A total of 234 specimens w...

Khushdil Khan1, Mushtaq Ahmad1, Muhammad Zafar1, Khafsa Malik2, Shazia Sultana1, Shabir Ahmad1, Fawad Khan3, Asif kamal1, Kalim Ullah3

...ate which were important systematic significance. Pollen size, shape, ratio of polar to equatorial diameter exine thickness, number of colpi, number of pores, equatorial diameter, polar diameter, colpus width, colpus length, spines number, length and width of spines were examined with the help of light microscopy and all these values were analyzed statistically using software SPSS. This research provides a data to the optimal utilization of bee foraged weed pl...

Muhammad Ather Nadeem1, Bilal Ahmad Khan1*, Saima Anwar2, Rizwan Maqbool3, Mohsin Amin1, Amir Aziz4, Iram Batool3, Athar Mahmood3, Abdul Rehman1, Aafaq Ali5, Aneela Nijabat5

...n sustainable production system. Use of aqueous extracts of weed is getting scientific attention as eco-friendly alternative to chemical herbicides especially under scenario of fast increasing herbicide resistance in weeds. To investigate the herbicidal potential of aqueous extract of winter weed of Sonchus oleraceus L. (sow thistle) on summer weed Oryza punctata L. (red rice) seed emergence and initial seedling growth, the present study was planned. In this s...

Wafaa M. A. El-Nagdi1*, Ahmed E.A. Mahgoob2, Mahmoud M.A. Youssef1, Mona M.S. Zayed3, Entesar H. Taha2 and Nora R.A. Saleh1

... eggs and galls per root system more than single treatments. Co-toxicity% for the two applied combined treatments of each bacterial isolate+ AMF, added at the same time with nematode (Ne) or added at 7 days before Ne inoculation, showed additive or synergistic interaction effects. The tested isolates increased significantly (p≤0.05) plant growth criteria according to the tested materials. The same isolates +AMF with Ne at the same time recorded less coloniz...

Nabeel Akhtar1, Owais Iqbal1,2*, Imtiaz Ahmed Nizamani1, Rehana Naz Syed1 and Abdul Mubeen Lodhi1

...ess for chemical control systems have made it practical and widely accepted. In the present study, ten different fungicides viz., Shincar, Antracol, Alliete, Ridomil Gold, Moncut, Systhane, Kocide, Evito, Nativo, and Topsin M at 200, 400, 600, 800, and 1000 ppm concentrations were tested in in vitro by poisoned food method against Rhizoctonia solani, Verticillium albo-atrum and Macrophomina phaseolina. Our results showed that Nativo and Evito at 800-1000 ppm a...

Karin Alvåsen1*, Karin Maria Olofsson2, Raymond Kent Fenton3, Ulrika Rockström4, Lena-Mari Tamminen1, Nils Fall1

...psy (RDN) in cattle is a systematic method of post mortem diagnostic remotely, with the aim of increasing knowledge about deaths. The method is based on a standardized, systematic approach to opening and photo documenting dead cattle on farm. Images are sent to a bovine practitioner, experienced in interpreting gross lesions, for analysis. In this pilot study, education and training sessions on the RDN method were administer...

M. Daud AK1,2*, Mahdi Abrar2*, Teuku Reza Ferasyi3,4, Harapan Harapan5,6,7,8

..., Geographic information system, Cloven-hoofed animals, Mapping, Disease outbreak
...

Tebogo Letsukulo Percy Thepa, Thobela Louis Tyasi*

...and Google Scholar) were systematically evaluated using the keywords sheep, MSTN, polymorphism, genetic variation, growth traits, gene polymorphism, skeletal muscle growth, GDF-8, without any year of publication restrictions and 8 studies were found to be eligible. The results indicated that eight (n = 8) publications which were examined observed of 13 unique MSTN SNPs with multiple occurring throughout different breeds and 3 articles identified 4 SNPs which h...

Ashar Farooq1*, Farrukh Waheed1 and Asad Abbas Khan2

... manipulation of grazing system and regularization of grazing according to carrying capacity of the area to make the conditions better.

...
Rameez Raja Kaleri1,5*, Hubdar Ali Kaleri1, Ahmed Nawaz Khosa2, Raza Ali Mangi3, Ghulam Mustafa Solangi4 Mushtaq Ahmed Jalbani1, Irfan Ali Sahto1 and Muhammad Ismail1
...emi-intensive management system. The results for carcass traits including live body weight, carcass weight, dressing percentage and boneless weight significantly higher (P≤0.0) in Balochi sheep breed followed by Bibrik, Rakhshani and Harnai sheep breed. The result for thoracolumbar vertebrae variation were 20, 18, 18 and 19, Balochi, Rakhshani, Harnai and Bibrik, respectively. It is concluded that Balochi sheep breed carcass traits are better expressed and ...
G. SUDARSHAN REDDY,VENKATESWARA REDDY,S. M. Kondap,A. R. RAO,K. BALASWAMY,P. Chandrasekhar Rao
TASAWER ABBAS,Abdul Khaliq,Asif Tanveer,Muhammad Ehsan Safdar
Waggner Gomes Palharini,Sabrina Alves dos Santos,Germani Concen?o,Rodolpho Freire Marques,Maxwell Eli?zer dos Santos Alves,Leandro Galon,Julio Cesar Salton
Abdul Qayyum,EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,Muhammad Ayaz Khan,Kalim Ullah,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,INAYATULLAH AWAN,HABIB UR REHMAN
Habib Ur Rahman,Rehmat Ullah,MUHAMMAD SADIQ,EJAZ AHMAD KHAN,Kalim Ullah,Muhammad Saeed Khattak,Abdul Qayyum,INAYATULLAH AWAN
Muhammad Ehsan Safdar,TASAWER ABBAS,Abdul Khaliq,Asif Tanveer
Muhammad Mahmood-Ul-Hassan,Munawar Iqbal,Shahnaz Akhtar Rana,Nureen Rana,Muhammad Nadeem Abbas
A. R. Macanawai,T. Tumaneng-Diete,M.D. Day,S. Adkins

Aftab Khan*, Yasir Khan and Saleem Iqbal 

..., including surveillance systems, medical imaging, and satellite imagery, where precise visuals are essential for making important decisions.

...

Muhammad Bilal Zia1*, Ashar Farooq1, Hammad Ud Din1, Barkat Ullah Khan1 and Samee Ud Din2

...gy crop in agro-forestry systems for its application as industrial raw material and a promising afforestation agent for phytoremediation of heavy metal-polluted soils. Pakistan Forest Institute, Peshawar introduced Paulownia species in 1989 and six species were evaluated in multi-location trials. The studies for optimal planting stock and propagation methods for Paulownia indicated that the root stumps grew substantially taller, having straight stems and symme...

Ali Nawaz, Qazi Bilal, Anwar Ali*, Nowsherwan Zarif, Faizan Ahmad, Asim Karim and Atif Majeed

...nwood based agroforestry system. The current economic review of Populus deltoides shows that average net return and average net present value are 11121USD ha-1, INR. 793,579 ha-1 with benefit cost ratio of 2.45. The land expectation value and internal rate of return were found 9570USD ha-1 and 11121USD ha-1, with an internal rate of return 52 % ha-1. The review concluded that the potential of poplar (Populus deltoides) based agroforestry ...
Muhammad Faisal1, Syed Makhdoom Hussain1*, Majid Hussain2
Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan3, Zeeshan Yousaf1 and Muhammad Amjad1
...a semi-intensive rearing system in order to assess the impact of Moringa oleifera leaf meal (MOLM) based diets on the overall performance of Catla catla fingerlings cultured in 6 earthen ponds. In order to formulate experimental diets, MOLM was used as test ingredient. MOLM was used to replace fish meal (FM) in the diet at varying levels of 0%, 10%, 15%, 20%, 25%, and 30%, respectively. There were five experimental diets and one control diet used during the tr...

Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Yaqub1, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Rashid Saif2, Muti ur Rehman3, Muhammad Wasim1*

...irculation and lymphatic system. Mutations in genetic material can alter cell physiology, ultimately resulting in tumor. Like human cancers, dogs have relatively high incidence of cancers, relatively large body size and responses to cytotoxic and other therapeutics. Small noncoding RNA having length of 22 base pair (bp) are called micro-RNA (miRNA), that are processed by Dicer from precursors with a characteristic hairpin secondary structure. miRNAs can regula...

Hafiz Muhammad Farooq Yaqub1, Sehrish Firyal1, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Rashid Saif2, Muti ur Rehman3, Muhammad Wasim1*

...irculation and lymphatic system. Mutations in genetic material can alter cell physiology, ultimately resulting in tumor. Like human cancers, dogs have relatively high incidence of cancers, relatively large body size and responses to cytotoxic and other therapeutics. Small noncoding RNA having length of 22 base pair (bp) are called micro-RNA (miRNA), that are processed by Dicer from precursors with a characteristic hairpin secondary structure. miRNAs can regula...

Manar Neamah Al-Shreefy*, Suhaib A.H. Al-Taai 

...ructure of the digestive system with a weight of 1.13±0.05 gm, a length of 2.76±0.04 cm, and a capacity of 2.57±0.08 ml. The stomach lacks an outward demarcation-limiting ridge between its divisions and appears relatively lobulated. This age was characterized by longitudinal and translational folds along the entire inner surface. Histologically, both organs were composed of the same four basic layers. Due to some of its distinct anatomical...

Putri Islamiati1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif2, Joko Sujiwo1,3, Adi Nugroho4, Bambang Ariyadi1*

...arcass traits and immune system.
 
Keywords | Broiler, Blood hematology, Carcass trait, Growth performance, Intestinal histomorphology, Restricted feeding
...

Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1 and Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1

...eviously, we published a systematic literature review which identified factors contributing to this declining trend but also raised concerns about its sustainability. The aim of this article is to caution against interpreting this trend as a triumph against HIV/AIDS in the region. This caution is deserved due to serious challenges in West Africa that require liberal attention. These include; inadequate diagnostic methods and algorithms for monitoring HIV-2, th...

Yasameen Waleed Al-Abedi1, Murtadha Kadhim Hasan2*, Alaa Abdalhadi Halboti3, Ali Abdulhussein Saleh Alsaeedi3, Rafed Abbas Kadhum1

...plicability of antiviral system (Clustered regularly interspaced palindromic repeats (CRISPR) and CRISPR-associated (Cas) proteins (CRISPR-Cas) for carrying out site-specific epigenetic alterations and so uncovering the capability of its use for the upcoming revolution of genetic engineering. The study provides an outline of the CRISPR-Cas system, followed by the mechanisms of genome modification, mainly focusing on the repa...

Basheer Ahmad, Nowsherwan Zarif, Saif Ullah Khan, Salman Ahmad and Anwar Ali*

...und the world, forest ecosystems are in decline, facing various factors both living and non-living that negatively affect their health. Pakistan is not exempt from this challenge, as its population continues to grow, reaching 208 million, leading to increased pressure on food production and forest resources. To tackle this problem, there is a pressing need for effective food structures that not only improve efficiency and financial outcomes but also bring abou...

Sumaira Fiaz1*, Huma Naz1*, Tanveer Ahmed2*, Iqra Zulfiqar1, Khalid Mehmood1, Muhammad Jabbar1, Syed Qaswar Ali Shah1, Muhammad Usman4

...tion, protect aquatic ecosystems, and safeguard human health. 
 
Novelty Statement | The study is novel for fish farming as it finds out that cadmium has clear negative effects on the growth performance, liver histology and hepato-somatic index of fish.
...

I Ketut Puja1*, I Nyoman Sulabda2, Ni Nyoman Trinayani3, Ni Wayan Patmawati3, Made Rahayu Kusumadewi3, Putu Bulan Sasmita Dewi3, I Wayan Sukernayasa4, Anak Agung Gede Oka Dharmayudha5, Putu Devi Jayanti5, I Wayan Nico Fajar Gunawan5 

... manage the reproductive system of Bali cows, further research is needed to increase the prediction value to a more acceptable starting point.
 

...
Salman Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Basheer Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...bal decline in forest ecosystem and health. The country's expanding population (>208 million) is putting increasing strain on Pakistan's food production systems and forest resources, and this is having a negative impact on the nation's forest ecosystems. It is necessary to have efficient food systems that promote social acceptability, productivity, econo...
Muhammad Umair1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
... today. The agroforestry system demonstrates how several environment pairs can be used simultaneously by combining native and introduced species. In this study, we evaluate the potential of agroforestry in the district of Bhakkar to maximize a variety of socioeconomic benefits. According to the findings of the study farmers were generally supportive of intercropping and border cropping. Most farmers regarded agroforestry system...
Syed Farooq Shah1, Nowsherwan Zarif1*, Zahid Rauf1, Anwar Ali1, Ghayyas Ahmed1, Basheer Ahmed1, Salman Ahmad1 and Saifullah1
... and health of forest ecosystems. Pakistan needs efficient food systems that enhance outputs, strengthen the economy, improve the environment, and retain societal acceptance. Thus, there is an urgent need to develop agroforestry across the province. This will increase agricultural revenue, reduce land degradation, raise agro-biodiversity, and increase carbon stocks in farming systems. The ...
Basheer Ahmad1, Anwar Ali1, Salman Ahmad1, Nowsherwan Zarif1* and Saif Ullah Khan1
...s under a share cropping system, and 7% of people have their own land but have also purchased land from owners....
Pervez Manan1, Farhat Jabeen1 and Ahmad Zamir2
...d protection of vital ecosystem services (e.g. carbon storage and climate change mitigation, soil and flood protection, wildlife habitat, water recharge, watershed conservation and water flow regulation, fodder, etc) are still not accounted properly. Therefore, this study was conducted to ascertain the carbon stock of Pinus gerardiana at the landscape level. The study was conducted in Chilghoza Forest of Suleman Range. System
Ch. Muhammad Muslim1, Hassan Sher2, Junaid Khan2, Shahid Hussain2, Ashfaq Ali2 and Atif Majeed3
...poses in the traditional systems of medicines. Plants species were also classified into five conservation classes out of which 7 were dominant 11 frequent, 9 common, 9 rare while 4 were classified as very rare.

Keyword: Ethnomedicine, medicinal plants conservation status, herbaceous plants, Gadoon area.

...
Muhammad Yousaf Khan and Pervez Manan
...ite, types of management systems, multipurpose nature and fast growth the Eucalyptus was introduced in Sub-Continent in late 18th century for the first time. Need for conducting this study was felt to dig out the facts about Eucalyptus plantations in Malakand District after a protest of few participants organized and brought by NGOs based at Peshawar and Islamabad with Play Cards in their hands against Eucalyptus trees planted in Billion Trees Proj...
Mohsen Dehghani
...g the richest coastal ecosystems which provide a wide range of economic and ecological advantages services. The mangroves are sources of highly valued for developinga commercial products and fishery resources and also as sites burgeoning eco-tourism. Yet despite their ecological and economic importance, the rate and magnitude of mangrove conversion is relatively unknown. These forests can be considered as exceptional wetland ecosystem<...
Inam Ullah, Zahid Ahmad, Syed Hasnain Abbas and Kaleem Shah
...t sustainable management systems for Mazri (local name) Palm resource, a comparative study was conducted in the two-major Dwarf Palm growing areas i.e. Kohat Forest Division (Govt. controlled) and Paniala, Dera Ismail Khan (D. I. Khan) (Privately controlled), to elaborate the best sustainable management system for Mazri resource. In Kohat, Forest Department manages the Mazri Palm, while in Paniala D. l. Khan; the communities...
Farah Samuel and Syed Kamran Hussain
...er to the River Kabul ecosystem. This study quantifies the ongoing unsustainable hunting and poaching practices in River Kabul and suggests proper conservation measures to secure the remaining species by providing incentives to the local community and hunters. Alternative livelihood opportunities including vocational training centers, establishment of fish ponds and community based watch and ward mechanisms can be a better option for conservation. We conclude ...
Mazhar Iqbal1, Ahmad Hussain2 and Zulfiqar Ali Sheikh3
...and out-dated harvesting system were some of the identified governance issues that needs redressal both at policy and implementation level.

Keywords: Forest Governance, Effectiveness, Efficiency, Joint Forest Management

...
Muhammad Tahir Laeeq and Maqbool Hassan
...r mechanized agriculture system and circumstances and force to Mazri leaves collection. Further 50% of the population owned uncultivated area which can be used for cultivation of Mazri to increase their income. Majority of population collects Mazri from their own, private and shamilat lands and not from land under control of Forest Department. There is no proper market mechanism, 86% of raw material is supplied in the market by the contractors. A Mazri plant c...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari, Muhammad Yousaf Khan Syed Zakir Hussain Shah and Khalid Jan
...largest canal Irrigation system to the country coupled with production potential of more than 50,000MW cheap electricity.

Pakistan is water scarce country i.e. less than 1000m3 per capita water resources and contrarily has suffered from the world's worst flood disaster in 2010. This situation warrants management of water resources of the country, specially the watershed of river Indus. The territory of almost entire area of Pakistan co...

Anwar Ali, Ayaz Khan and Hakim Shah
...andholdings, land tenure system, limited marketing opportunities and shortage of planting material are the main reasons for slow adoption of agroforestry practices in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. There is an urgent need to promote agroforestry in the province which will diversify farm income, reduce land degradation, improve agro-biodiversity and enhance carbon stocks in the farming systems. This can be achieved by strengthening rese...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim and Sohail Sikander
...ant-lore and traditional system of medicine for their primary health care....
Fariha Iqbal, Nowsherwan Zarif and Tariq Mahmood
...rtment is supporting the system as per the policy requirement but is not in favor of the THB because it is hindering in the scientific management of the existing forests. The study concludes that activities undertaken by the JFMCs under the current scenario of THB are mainly related to creating awareness about the resource among the masses, forest protection and capacity building. So far, local communities are not fully and actively involved in the sustainable...
Tariq Mahmood and Zulfiqar Ali
...th century but the systematic work on this started in 1954 under Erosion control and soil conservation project in NWFP. United Nations Conference on Environment and Development (UNCED) held at Rio-de-Janerio, Brazil in June, 1992 approved a new kind of development that is human-sustainable and shared, emphasizing the involvement of the local community at all levels of planning and implementation. Review of the most of the sociological studies conducted s...
Mian Muhammad Shafiq and Hussain Bux Bhaagat
...ple of a natural land ecosystem comprising of a complex of 32 wetlands.

These wetlands are formed by the seepages from Jamrow and Nara canal. A general survey of the area was conducted in the month of January 2006 and direct (field observation) and indirect (meeting with communities and wildlife staff) observation methods were used.

These lakes support a good population of waterfowls, Marsh crocodiles, otters and fish stock. About 1% of global...

Muhammad Nawaz Rajpar and Mohamed Zakaria
...of freshwater wetland ecosystem. The objectives of this study was to determine and compare the species composition and relative abundance of waterbirds and terrestrial birds using mist-netting method at Paya Indah Wetland Reserve, Peninsular Malaysia. A total of 1,478 bird individuals that belong to 65 species (18 waterbirds and 47 terrestrial birds) and 33 families (6 waterbird families and 27 terrestrial bird families) were recorded during 105 netting days w...
Syed Said Badshah Bukhari and Ghulam Ali Bajwa
... from forests. Forest ecosystems sequester about 638 Giga ton carbons worldwide where Pakistan's share is about 0.05%. These silent friends of mankind, however, are diminishing at a rate of 13 million ha per annum worldwide, and contribution of illegal logging in it is about 27%. Apart from deforestation, the global timber trade illegalities and corrupt practices cause more than USD 10 billion losses in assets and revenues annually. In Pakistan, the defore...
Maqsood Anwar1, Abdul Wahid Jasra2 and I. Ahmad3
Tahir Laeeq1, Tariq Mahmood2 Mohammad Amin3 and Khurshid Alam4
...gulated through a proper system, plantation along with protection of local as well as exotic species should be carried out and soil conservation technique should be adopted if lands are to be cultivated. ...
Ch. Muhammad Muslim, Muhammad Shabbir Mughal and Imtiaz Hussain
...talkh) has tuberous root system, oval in shape and bears a dark brown colour. Leaves are 6-12 inches in length. It is round in shape and small when it flowers. Flowers are 1-2 inches in length and 1.5 inches broad. The flowers are hermaphrodite. Fruit is 0.5-1 inches in length and bear seeds. Seeds are 2-3 mm in diameter and are ovate in shape. These are light brown in colour and are bitter to taste. A trial of Colchicum luteum was laid out in March, 20...
Ghayyas Ahmad, Mian Muhammad Shafiq, Muhammad Shabir Mughal and Mahr Muhammad Asif
A. W. Jasra and I. Ahmad
...with improved irrigation system and urea molasses blocks as supplemental feed have been identified as viable interventions for livelihood improvement. A policy dialogue is needed to resolve the problems of nomadic community.

Key Words: Pastoralists, livelihood, Juniper Forest, Balochistan, Pakistan

...
Majid Azizi and Mohammad Modarres
... control criteria of the system. There are a total of 19 control criteria in the system and each controls a decision network evaluated using the ANP. The final synthesis of the system shows external procurement is the best choice.

Keywords: AHP, ANP, BOCR, paper industry.

...
Raza-ul-Haq and Mohammad Khan
...rse crowns and deep root system of these species make them ideal for planting on farmlands in Pakistan.

Keyword: Paulownia species, species trial, comparative trials.

...
Anwar Ali and Hakim Shah
...ly dissected land tenure system and the ongoing conflicts between the government and forest users have led to the drastic degradation of the resources. Though forest legislation limits the rights of local people in the forests but still majority (72%) of them have access to forest resources in the area. They fulfill all their requirements from these forests but contribute nothing to the protection and development of the forest resources. The existing forest le...
Amjad Ali Chaudhry, Chaudhry Muhammad Muslim and Muhammad Mushtaque
...ommended that rotational system to be followed which promotes forage vigour by avoiding repeated and continuous grazing of one block year after year....
Muhamamd Arif Chaudhary and Ejaz Ahmed
...logs and excavating root system of top die tree. Besides, there were recorded 9 dead roots in top die, 7 in thinned canopy, 6 in vertically half dead and none in healthy. A maximum number of termite royal chambers with fungal garden were noted in thinned canopy followed by completely dead, top die and healthy tree. White or black fungal material and decay of roots were recorded on all the tree roots except completely dead. However no Rahizobial nodules were no...
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
...akistan's major mountain systems - the Himalayas, Karakoram, Hindukush, Suleman, Kirthar, central Balochistan, and Mekran ranges, form the important watersheds in the country. However, the dependable watersheds are located in the northern parts of the country and are regular source of the water supply to the Indus River system. These include watersheds of Northern Areas, NWFR, the mountain areas of Punjab, and AJK covering a...
Altaf Hussain and Raja Muhammad Zarif
...natural and agricultural systems upon which human beings depend. Direct and indirect health effects are increasingly serious and the damage done is often irreversible The effects are exacerbated by global changes and chemical and physical disturbances to species and ecosystem Alien tree species have long been introduced for commercial forestry, agroforestry, erosion control and landscaping. Pakistan has a long history of int...
Hassan Sher, Midrarullah, A. U. Khan, Z. U. Khan, Farrukh Hussain and Siraj Ahmad
... ailments in traditional system of medicine. The local uses, local method of recipe preparation and their local name and diseases treated were recorded for each species from knowledgeable and experienced persons of the area. Further study is recommended to find out the availability of economical important medicinal and aromatic plants of the area and suggest their conservation with the involvement of local people....
S. M. Rafique
...n of specialized grazing system like; intensive repeated seasonal grazing to utilize coarse and or less palatable grass species. Further the study recommended improvement in complementary forage production, forage reserves and supplemental feed along with soil and water conservation measures to improve the range condition, trend and production....
Mohammad Iqbal Swati
... on legal classification system that categories the forest according to their tenure. Forests in Pakistan can be divided into two major tenure categories: State owned and privately owned forests. The Table 1 and 2 explain landuse profiles of the Pakistan and NWFP respectively....
Mohammad Ayaz
...driven wells and pitcher system of water supply is being replaced with machine pumping, overhead tanks and house to house piped supply of water. These may be the main causes for the changing water supply and demand scenario in the country.

...
Aman Ullah Bhatti, Shamsher Ali and Farmanullah Khan
...differed between the two systems. Geostatistical analysis of data showed that EC and soil P were spatially distributed in the surface soil while only EC in subsoil under agro-forestry. While organic matter and mineral N in the surface soil and EC, organic matter, lime and soil P in the subsoil were spatially distributed under agricultural crops. Maps of soil properties were prepared using geostatistical technique of kriging. Almost all of the maps showed spati...
Ayaz Khan Marwat, Anwar Ali and Saz Muhammad
...of single tree selection system applied in the Himalayan moist temperate forests of Pakistan. It argues that though the single tree selection system is very suitable to Himalayan moist temperate forests due to their nature and location, the system has not been successful in sustainable management of the forests due to anthropogenic factors such as illegal logging, grazing and clearance of ...
Anwar Ali, Muhammad Ayaz Khan and Ayaz Khan Marwat
...751 sample plots using a systematic random sampling technique. The total carbon stock in the study area is 303,110 tonnes. Out of this 81% is in the soil, 10% in aboveground biomass, 6% in belowground biomass and 3% in litter. Mean carbon density was estimated as 41.55 t/ha in the landscape. Mean aboveground carbon density was determined at 4.60 t/ha. Mean belowground carbon stock was estimated at 2.57 t/ha. Litter carbon was estimated as 1.42 t/ha. Dead woo...
Iqtidar Hussain and Adnan Noor Shah
... control in our planting systems....
Mohammad Ayaz and Bashir Ahmad Wani
...n to fragile mountain ecosystems. In 1995-96, the state controlled forests supplied 0.250 million m3 of timber (7.3%), import of wood and wood products was 1.494 million m3 (43.9%), costing about Rs.6,660 million (Ashfaque et al., 2000). The major contributors in the national wood supply were farmlands, making up the balance of 1.663 million m3 (48.8%)....
A. N. Khalid, S. Khurshid and Firdaus-e-Bareen
... milky white mycorrhizal systems, dichotomous b ranching pattern, thick plectenchymatous to pseudoparenchymatous mantle and loosely woven hyphae of uniform diameter forming rhizomorph. As so far no fungal partner of this ectomycorrhyza has been identified, hence it falls under the category of unknown mycorrhizae. ...
Raja Muhammad Ashfaq and Mohammad Khan
...e Indus and Jhelum river system. The land in these watersheds is mainly in private ownership. wooded areas are interspersed with agriculture fields and often steep slopes are cultivated. Out of about 88 million ha total land area of the country, 26.6 million ha comprise the uplands, where watersheds of various sizes are located (Ashfaq, 1991). Since there is only 1.27 million ha of productive forests in the country (Amjad and Shah 1996), it is presumed that t...
Md. Serajuddoula, A. S. Khan, M. R. Islam and M. A. H. Shahjalal
...under present management system. Considering the sustainability of the existing plantation, research on mesophytic trees has been carried out. Eleven commercially important mesophytic trees species were tried in two locations (Rangabali and Kukri-mukri). The data on survival, height and diameter was recorded and statistically analyzed. Out of eleven species jhaw (Casuarina equisetifolia), babla (Acacia nilotica) rain tree (Samania saman) p...
A. G. Wilkinson
...tainable land management systems. Radiata pine affoestation, poplar silvipastoral systems, and various plant combinations including poplars and willows for riparian management were introduced. To prevent long term degradation by soil erosion, there is a need to develop economic poplar silvipastoral systems on at least one million hectares of New Zealand pastoral lands. New Zealand research...
Shaukat Ali
...nd better developed root system as compared to other containers. Total biomass of seedlings in depot by mid-fall was also greater. Seedlings raised in polythene bag competed with depot seedlings till late summer but the former excelled in most of the growth parameters in subsequent period....
Fauzia Balqis Malik and Bashir Hussain Shah
...ination for agroforestry systems to make up the deficiency of trees in the country. In the current work allelopathic effect of three species of Eucalyptus namely Eucalyptus camaldulensis, Eucalyptus citriodora and Eucalyptus terticornis on tow legume vegetables, Pisum sativum and Phaseolus vulgaris was investigated. There is no significant inhibitory effect due to allelochemicals on various growth parameters including yield (weight and num...
Abdul Khaliq Chaudhry and Jehangir Ghauri
...s under agroforestry systems have been presented. ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...l part of the earth's ecosystem and constitute its natural climax vegetation. They are essential for climatic stability, prevention of global warming and conservation of biological diversity. Originally, about 10,000 years ago, two third of earth's surface was covered with forests. Presently, only half of this forest area is left. World-wide, the biggest threat to forest resources has been clearance of forests for agriculture. This has also resulted in aridit...
Maqsood Ahmed and Noor Mohammad
...y into some agricultural systems. Evidence is given that agroforestry, by providing shade is pastoral systems, thereby reduces heat stress in livestock and increases animal performance and overall productivity. A wide range of agroforestry trees provide forage with high crude protein and low fibre contents, making them a source of homegrown and cheaply available supplement for poor quality roughage feedstuffs such as ...
Sahibzada M. Hafeez and M. Hafeezullah
...ulus deltoids) in AF system for inter-cropping with agricultural corps. A replicated experiment involving agricultural crops (maize and wheat) and silvicultural crop. (Poplar) was initiated during 1990-91 at PFRI Research Garden. Poplar was planted in rows 6.1 m, 9.2 m, and 12.2 m apart with a uniform distance of 1.5 m from tree to tree within the rows. Poplar crop. The result available upto September, 1993 has shown that pattern of planting in row...
M. Rafique Sardar
... under silvopastoral system or deferred rotation grazing plan with grazing in late fall to winter season in the Peshawar valley....
Javed Afzal, Abdul Sattar Alvi and Sarwat Naz Mirza
... the climax of range ecosystem in highland Balochistan. Now, these have been replaced by Saba/Kaj (Chrysopogon aucheri), a sub-climax stage in deterioration of the original cover (Johnston and Hussain, 1963). However, for practical purposes, Chrysopogon may be considered the best cover presently attainable. Because of low forage production, the health of livestock that makes use of this vegetation is also impaired and they are sold at low pr...
K. M. Siddiqui and B. H. Shah
...Forest Institute started systematic research on efficient use of available rain water for dryland afforestation in the 1980's under PL-480 Assistance Programme of the Pakistan Agricultural Research Council and USAID Forestry Planning and Development Project on both public and private lands. A number of water conservation, harvesting and planting techniques were investigated for the establishment of tree plantations in the dry regions. The roaded catchm...
Bashir Hussain Shah
...develop an agroforestry system by using water harvestging system in semiarid zone. Twop slope lengths: 4m and 5 m and three slope gradients: 7%, 10% and 15% of roaded catchments were tested for finding out optimum slope length and gradient for water resource development to increase crop and wood production. Results of the study showed that four meter slope length with 7% gradient are more effective in increasing the ...
K. M. Siddiqui
...initial effort was not a systematic and coherent one. Nevertheless, it was a starting point for development planning process. The process was started with the formation of Six-Year National Development Programme (1951-57), a part of co-operative effort under the Colombo Plan. The Programme was a collection of projects rather than a development plan and was replaced in 1955 by the First Five Year-Plan. The next twenty years since 1955 were covered u...
M. Ayaz
...e presence of contractor system of forest work in Pakistan, the possibilities of improvement of forest operations, through the introduction of improved tools, techniques, mechanization and vocational training of contract workers, are very low. Replacement of contract system is only possible when the forestry works are done departmentally, through the direct engagement and payment of forest workers. For this work an ap...
Mohammad Arif Chaudhry and Ashraf Hassan Chaudhry
... nodulation on the root system of C. nepalensis. The light microscopy revealed the occurrence of seperate and branched hyphae bearing sporangia and vesicles....
Editor
...sed in the traditional system, to initiate discussion among them for the promotion, conservation and use of drug plants on scientific lines, marketing, processing and involvement of the end users i.e. industrial manufacturers....
K. M. Siddiqui
..., including in forest ecosystems, the extent of which depends upon rapidity, direction and magnitude of climate change. Minor changes in climate often occur and are of diurnal, seasonal of decadal and/or of regional nature, such as hot summer droughts of the 1980s in parts of Asia and Africa. Their affect was similar in nature. Climate has also changed in the distant past. Since the depth of the little Ice age in 1700 A.D., the average temperatur...
Mohammad Noor
...n areas are important ecosystems in range-lands. Surface runo and soil loss from the un-grazed and grazed areas of sheep Creek Colorado, U.S.A. were simulated using the Areal Non-Point source Watershed Environment response Simulation (ANSWERS) model. The ANSWERS model parameters were estimated from eld measurements and published literature. The mean runo, soil loss, maximum erosion and maximum deposition rates simulated by the ANSWERS model were signif...
Fazli Subhan
...shelterbelt agroforestry system are compared for some regions in Pakistan. The study reveals that shelterbelts, though they may be competitive in biological terms, are supplementary in financial terms. The net present value analyses found wheat and sugarcane fields with poplar windbreak to be financially sound in the Peshawar valley of N.W.F.P. Similarly, the agroforestry options wheat sheltered by rows of shisham in the Mianwali region of Punjab and o...
S. H. Iqbal, Shahbaz and Ghazala Nasim
...n association with root systems scale leaves, decaying micro sporophylls and epidermal tissues of Abies pindrow, Auracaria cunnighamii, Cycas circinalis, C. revoluta, Cupresses torulosa, Ephedra gerardiana, E. regeliana, Juniperus communis, Pinus helepensis, P. roxburghii, Podocarpus chinensis, Taxodium mucronatum, Thuja orientalis and Zamia floridana. Endomycorrhizae were prevalent in species of most families including Pinaceae which no...
Sabah U. Randhawa and Kidon D. Olsen
...nd control of harvesting systems in a problem of considerable importance in the forest products industry. Modeling of timber harvesting system include considerations such as production rates, equipment breakdown, fixed and variable costs material flow and scheduling priorities. The resulting mathematical analysis is not computationally feasible. Computer simulation can be effectively used to accurately represent comp...
Mohammad Ayaz and Gerhard Stohr
...ction and transportation system. The methods and means of timber harvesting not only determine the magnitude of material to be extracted and economic gains of the operation but also the preservation of remaining stand and site....
Mohammad Hafeez
...ith mesquite and grow it systematically in forest plantations particularly in semi-arid and marginal lands where other more valuable forest species cannot be successfully grown. Mesquite grows fast and can tolerate heat and drought and a variety of soils. It is excellent for firewood and makes superior charcoal. It is an exceptionally high yielder of biomass....
Laskar M. Rehman and M. I. Sheikh
... salt tolerant forest ecosystems of tropical and subtropical inter-tidal regions of the world. These tidal forests play an important supportive role to improve the socio-economic condition of the people in the Tropics and constitute a natural refuge for survival and growth of a variety of plants and animals. Due to over exploitation and very little input for their perpetuation this erstwhile resource is fast disappearing. The present paper summarizes t...
Anjum Amin
...overnment and public to systematically establish cultivation of various medicinal plants....
Abdur Rashid Tariq and Haji Moosa A. Tayab
...hodes grass on sprinkler system of irrigation. The irrigation water of these sites was drawn from the subsoil and it contained 3500ppm of dissolved salts. This project went into full production within three months of its initiation. Thereafter this programme was extended further over an area of about 2000 hectares under various agencies. The Forestry Department, besides raising pastures on project scale, also initiated a study to test the adaptability of Pione...
Sultan Maqsood Khan
...ed that the bulk of root system in short grass prairie ecosystem was close to the ground surface. ...
Hanif Gul and M. Ismail Chaudhry
...rubs. Spray treatment of systemic and penetrative insecticides with Dimecron, Carbicron, Orthene and Decis against freshly boring grubs of poplar borer,Melanophila picta Pall proved ineffective. ...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
... arizonica with drip system of irrigation. To find out whether drip system of irrigation could be usefully employed to raise trees at Ziarat (2440 m A.S.L.), av. ann. rainfall 380 mm, average maximum and minimum temperatures 18.3°C and 4.1°C respectively, a study was started in May, 1976 using Cupressus arizonica as the test species. The method involves supply of water direct to the plant roots through su...
Ali Asghar Khan
...bination of shelter-wood system with clear-felling of trees down to an advanced growth of up to 12inch d.b.h., with artificial regeneration, mainly through planting. Necessary planting stock is being raised in the nurseries consisting of conifers with emphasis on deodar (Cedrus deodara) and Kail (Pinus wallichiana). The prognosis of this approach is discussed briefly, to create awareness about the effects of unwarranted changes in environment a...
M. Bashir Chaudhry (Dr.), M. Alim Mian and M. Rafiq
...o seepage from the canal system. The recent high water table conditions have, however produced o salt puff on these soils. The saline soils that have been grouped in five main categories occupy 14.3 million acres in the Indus plains but only 7.8 million acres in the canal command areas. The saline cultivated soils of primary practical importance are of two types: (1) soils with topsoil salinity sodicity occurring in cultivated fields, (2) party reclaimed salin...
Mahmood Iqbal Sheikh
...were worked under French system of tapping for the purpose of calibration of yield. At the end of the tapping season, progressive increase in the yield was indicated with the increase in diameter. Some trees turned out to be natural high yield. In 1975, use of chemicals was introduced. 10% sodium chloride solution, 40% sulphuric acid solution and 60% sulphuric acid past were used. Whereas for sulphuric acid past and solutions, American bark chipping method wa...
Zakaullah and Khial Badshah
...6-class mistletoe rating system of Hawksworth and Lusher (1956). The highest incidence of infection was found at 2900-300 meters elevation, and south-western aspect. The proportion of infected trees as compared to the younger; the incidence being significantly lower in trees below 30cm diameter and ten meter height, corresponding to the age of about 180years....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...two storeyed high forest system with an understorey of shisham and mulberry and an overstorey of shisham standards. The lower storey has been managed on a rotation of 16 to 22 years at different times. Shisham standards have been retained for three rotations. Yield is regulated by areas without allowing for variation in site quality.
The Sind plantations are still in their formative stage, their special problems are:
I. soil salinity combined with a...
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...rked under the selection system since their management was initiated in 1900. The uniform system was briefly tried in Galis (1924 to 1939) and Upper Siran (1927 to 1954) but could not be made to work under the conditions then prevailing. Currently all these forests are being worked under the selection system as applied to Pakistan (Champion, Seth and Khattak, 1965). Yield has been prescrib...
Anwar Ahmad Khan
... importance in different system of medicine. Information was collected on consumption, sources of supply and price....
Ghaus Mohammad Khattak
...anaged under the uniform system. Till 1927 the forests were worked under the standard uniform system: rotation 100 years regeneration period 25 years, allotment of compartments to four periodic blocks, and calculation of the prescribed final annual yield by Cotta's formula. Since then, the Punjab shelterwood system has been adopted and the most common pattern of management comprises a rota...
M. A. Tahir
... capacity classification system of USDA (Ashraf et al, 1970). It was estimated that more than 70% area was first class land under irrigation; about 20% was second class land under irrigation and about 10% was class three land under irrigation. From the survey it was concluded that about 90% of the area under plantation could be used for fast growing soft wood industrial species....
Miss Munawar Sultana and Anwar Ahmad Khan
...in Unani and Ayurvedic systems of medicines from time immemorial. Recent survey carried out by the Medicinal Plant Branch, Pakistan Forest Institute Peshawar has revealed that large quantities of this drug can be collected easily from the above mentioned areas. The seeds are a good source of an essential oil, which constitutes about 22 per cent of the total weight. Pharmacognostic studies were carried out on Adhatoda vasica plants in order to ident...
Javed Ahmad
...e improved if the trench system is replaced by flood system of irrigation, and due care is given to ploughing and leveling of the land either by tractors or through forest lessees settled in the land with suitable incentives. ...
Jalil Ahmad Khan and Pervaiz Akhtar
...se, trees also require a systematic study. The growth of the trees is influenced by a number of factors involving a study of physiology, ecology and the silvicultural practices. But the foremost consideration which determines their commercial exploitation for various purposes is the basic information about their technological properties. The lack of such information about the home grown species has always been a serious setback in their proper utilization. ...
Ali Asghar Khan
... conservative management system applied to the coniferous forests results in stagnation of growth and loss of capital. Suggestions for the application of intensive management system are given....

Muhammad Ikram Ullah Malik1*, Aamir Saleem1, Lubna Ansari1 and Arshad Mahmood Malik2

...ss how well agroforestry systems enhance livelihoods by generating more money. This was one of a few studies on the use of agroforestry for livelihood and its importance to human welfare. The work was carried out to evaluate the agro-silvopastoral system as compared to the conventional agricultural crops. An area of one acre (8 kanals) was taken for practicing this model. 3 kanals were used for the plantation of tree species...

Syed Shahid Imran Bukhari

... to identify ventilation system performance. Data was gathered from 50 asthmatic homes with natural ventilation located throughout the nine administrative towns of Lahore, Pakistan. The levels of CO2, the rate of air change, and the rate of ventilation per person per second were all closely observed in each home. Using CO2, the ventilation rates were commuted using the tracer gas approach. The CO2 monitor was used to measure the levels of CO2 indoors. With SPS...

Jan Muhammad1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

...t Canal (USC) irrigation system. The growth of submerged aquatic weeds and the flow velocities were compared. The data on submerged aquatic weeds’ average densities and velocities of water flow were recorded for six months for every fifteen days. The water flow velocities were measured at each incrustation at depths of 0.2, 0.6, and 0.8 meters, and the channel’s width was divided into intervals of 0.5 meters. An analysis was conducted on the data t...

Muhammad Wasim Khan*, Ghulam Abbas, Asma Fatima and Shahnaz Rashid

... resources in the stream system of the Indus delta. 

...

Ahmad Shandookh Hameed1, Ali Abd Kadhum2 and Murtada Wafi Beden1

...ionally, weakened immune systems due to viral infections can also make individuals more susceptible to MDR bacterial infections.

...
Niamat Ullah Khan1*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Zeshan Hassan2, Umbreen Shahzad2, Muhammad
Arshad Farooq3, Malik Fahim Abbas4, Aamir Roheen4
...hree
tillage systems, viz., ZT, RT and CT; and five herbicides, i.e., haloxyfop-R-methyl 10.8 EC
(108 g a.i. ha-1), lactofen 24 EC (168 g a.i. ha-1), haloxyfop 10.8 EC + lactofen 24 EC, hand
weeding, and weedy check during 2017 and 2018 at Cotton Research Station, D.I.Khan,
Pakistan, and to explore the best management option for effective weed control and
enhanced yield of cotton grown after wheat. Th...

Abdul Basit1 and 2Sana Ullah*

...s, soil type, irrigation system,
weeding, fertilizer application, propagation method, propagation time, transplanting time,
field situation and finally problems of the nurseries were studied. All the agricultural and
horticultural practices were not fully applied and practiced in proper recommended way. Out
of the total studied parameters, irrigation system that was sprinkler i...

Saiful Islam1*, Muhammad Zubair Khan1 and Haroon Khan2

...er Swat canal irrigation system in Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (KP) province of Pakistan. Maira branch canal and its secondary canals were designed for crop based irrigation operation (CBIO), which could supply irrigation water for maximum cropping intensity (180%) even during peak periods of irrigation requirements. The existing water allowance was 0.67 Ls-1 ha-1 (6.6 mm day-1), which was based on the maximum crop water requirements. The challenges faced by YHM are ph...

Khayreia Kadhim Habib*, Masarat S. Al-Mayahi 

... camels’ digestive systems were used in this investigation. General histological staining including used periodic acid-Schiff (PAS), PAS and alcian blue, and Crossman stains were used. Through microscopic examination, we discovered that the length of the mucosal folds (villi) decreases from the jejunum to the ileum. The camel jejunum and ileum anatomy revealed mucin distribution throughout the gastrointestinal tract. 

...

Farhatul-Ain Arshad1, Asia Bibi1*, Amna Mushtaq1, Rubaida Mehmood2 and Nahid Kausar1

...ctioning of reproductive system and guard against PCOS development. This study was conducted to investigate the role of socio-demographic variables, lipid and hormonal level/ratios in obese and non-obese PCOS individuals. For this purpose, a total of 300 subjects were recruited from Southern Punjab consisting of obese cases (n=61), non-obese cases (n=89), obese controls (n=35) and non-obese controls(n=115). Analysis of the socio-demographic variables in PCOS s...

Ghodrat Akhavan Akbari1, Saman Hayadokht1, Saeed Sadeghiyeh Ahari2 and Ahmad Gasi1*

...worsening cardiovascular system is important and necessary. The main objective of the present study was to evaluate the efficiency of Meperidine and Oxycodone in preventing shivering in patients who underwent inguinal hernia repair with spinal anesthesia. The present study consisted of patients with herniorrhaphy in the Fatemi and Imam Hospital of Ardabil who were studied through a double-blind clinical trial. with spinal anesthesia from 2017 through 18. In th...

Md. Maniruzzaman1, Md. Kamrul Haque1,3, Md Rokonuzzaman2, Md. Mahmudul Hasan3, Rumana Biswas4, Md. Mustafizur Rahman5, Tahmina Akter Rimi6, Md. Rahat Uz Zaman7*, Md. Alauddin8, Md. Abdul Baki9 and Md. Yeamin Hossain10

...h the overall production system in terms of training, information transformation, and market research. The pandemic disproportionately affected various sectors of the Bangladesh economy. In this dark moment, agribusiness has shown a little light. The Coronavirus has created many opportunities in this sector that can help the economy of Bangladesh in the future.

...

Asad Alam1, Asad Ullah2*, Imad Khan2, Yaseen1, Rafiq Ullah1, Tahira Tayyeb1, Muhammad Hanif1, Maiz ur Rahman1, Muhammad Owais Khan1, Fatima Syed3, Raheela Taj3, Shumaila Gul4, Muhammad Sadeeq5 and Muneeb Islam6

...itive effects on biofloc system at winter session for quality production of Nile Tilapia (O. niloticus) production. 

...

Humam T. Hadi1*, Orooba M. S. Ibrahim2 

...sp;

...

Imania Ghaffar1, Ali Hussain2*, Arshad Javid1 and Shahid Mehmood1

...an efficient bioremedial system mediated by the pollution-resistant microflora. More research is required to check the possible effects of microplastic pollutants on the fungal mycelia to exploit their maximum potential.

...

Riam Yousfe Muttair 

...eys that open the immune system free against cancer cells. The paper covers the progress made in immunotherapy, highlighting next-stage checkpoint inhibitors as the vaccine which may turn today’s cancer treatment procedures into historical relics. The opening sentences describe historical background and the current going about the way of which immunotherapy is useful in modern oncology. The knowledge about cancer and immunotherapy also creates the doors ...

Rawa Abdulkareem Abd

...plex and important in ecosystem function. The central mention throughout the paper clarifies the value of the microbials for the biogeochemical processes and allows the resilience of the ecosystem. In the study, there are various types of novel bacteria being subdivided and their phylogenetic diversity, metabolic functionality and ecological features are discussed in details. Techniques of isolating microbes that are not cul...

Anwar Ali1*, Muhammad Ayaz Khan2, Muhammad Atif Majeed1 and Nowsherwan Zarif1

...t forest areas through a systematic random sampling design using a grid of 500 m x 500 m. It was found that the Riverine forests of Sukkur are highly degraded, and only 28% of the forest cover exists. Species diversity is quite low as only 7 different species were recorded during the field measurements. Tamarix dioca has dominated the growing stock with a 41% share in the total trees, followed by Acacia nilotica and Prosopis cineraria, each having a 27% share ...

Baby Nhor K. Ambel1*, Nneka Djen A. Matandog1, Neil Pep Dave N. Sumaya2, Florence Roy P. Salvaña1, Bryan Lloyd P. Bretaña1 and Ma. Teodora N. Cabasan1*

...ts on soil health and ecosystem stability. In order to ascertain the fact, this study investigated the impact of different durations of monocropping Lakatan banana on soil health as reflected by nematode community structure. For the extraction of nematodes, soil and root samples were collected from various banana farms practicing monocropping for 2-4, 5-9 and 10-15 years. Farms with prolonged monocropping showed an increased population of plant-parasitic nemat...

Agus Subhan Prasetyo, Tutik Dalmiyatun, Siwi Gayatri, Kadhung Prayoga, Wulan Sumekar and Joko Mariyono*

... to analyze the glebagan system’s effect on shallot farming performance in Central Java, Indonesia. The glebagan system is a yearly cropping rotation with plantation crops under the control of state-owned enterprises. This study employed economic production theory as the fundamental analysis. Brebes district was selected as the study site since the region is one of the centers of shallot production at the national leve...

Walid Elmonir1*, Dalia Abdeltawab1, Hanem El-Sharkawy2 and Rasha N. Zahran3

... backyard egg production systems in Kafrelsheikh Governorate, Egypt. A total of 610 samples (200 egg shells, 200 egg contents, and 210 environmental samples) were collected from 10 commercial layers farms and 170 samples (50 egg shells, 50 egg contents, and 70 environmental samples) were collected from 10 backyard layers flocks. The overall prevalence of Salmonella was 4.1% for each production system. Six commercial flocks (...

Mati Ullah1*, Muhammad Rizwan2, Ali Raza3, Xianlin Zhao4, Yanling Sun4, Sarah Gul5, Muhammad Ihtesham Waheed6, Muhammad Nadeem Khan7, Alvina Gul8, Sami Ullah Jan9* and Chao Huang4*

...e genome portion. The subsystems, category distribution analysis revealed “carbohydrates” was the largest subsystem, followed by “protein metabolism”. The eggNOG functional analysis revealed that the COGs associated with “Carbohydrate transport and metabolism were dominant followed by those associated with “Replication, recombination, and repair” while the biological pathway analysis...
Cristian Mendoza1*, Adriana Celi-Soto2, Ernesto Cañarte3 and George Cedeño-García2
...tricts the oil palm root system growth, causing damage that reaches as much as 80% of it, consequently reducing the oil palm yield between 50% and 83%, depending on how the plant is managed. The present study aimed to evaluate the influence of physical barriers (mulching) using different parts of oil palm plants on controlling root borer (S. valida) in the interspecific oil palm hybrid OxG. The study was conducted at the Palesema plantation, situated in...
Suherman Suherman1*, Muhammad Fahri Rizky1, Zaki Bahrul Fikri1, Hadiyanto Hadiyanto1,  Zane Vincevica-Gaile2, Anwar Saeed Khan3, Erkata Yandri4,5 and Iswahyudi Iswahyudi6 
...e the performance of the system in terms of energy efficiency compared to drying in the sun in 8 h. Onions were scattered on trays in the drying room during the experiment. Temperature, relative humidity, sun intensity, and shallot mass were measured every 15 min. The results obtained showing that the fastest drying rate occurs in photovoltaic ventilation solar drying at a temperature variable of 50 °C, which is 6 gh–1. The average efficie...

Tarek Mahmoud Mousa-Balabel* and Karima Mohamed Abdo Abofarag

... reared on a deep litter system and housed into three well controlled pens of 5.46 m2 with three replicates of 20 each using a density of 15 birds/m2 in the room. The results showed that the broilers reared under BLC and WES had a significant (p> 0.05) higher body weight gain, with obviously, economic feed conversion ratio (FCR), Newcastle disease virus antibody titer and low heterophil/lymphocyte ratio in comparing with WLC. Poultry producers can use blue ...
Guangcan Lin1,2,3, Xingyu Chen1,2,3, Xiaohao Shi1,2,3, Xiaolin Li1,2,3
Anwar Tanwari Kamran4, Zhengxiang Wang1,2,3, Qing Zhu5, Gaodao Liang5* and Lei Pan1,2,3*
...s necessary. However, no systematic reports of the P. parva length-weight relationships (LWRs) around the world has been documented, especially comparing indigenous and non-indigenous populations. Thus, the goal of the current study was to offer a systematic report of P. parva LWRs worldwide and a comparison of P. parva LWRs in native and non-native regions. In the present results, P. parva showed positive-allometric growth,...
Wasseem Emam1, Mohamed E. Bakr2*, Marwa F. Abdel-Kader3, Mohamed M. Abdel-Rahim4, Ashraf I.G. Elhetawy4 and Radi A. Mohamed1
...gradients in aquaculture systems may hold promise for improving health and welfare status of farmed fish in developing countries.

...

Jagdish Jaba1*, Sumit Vashisth2, Sivakumar Golla1 and Suraj Prashad Mishra1

...a (Cajanus cajan (L.) ecosystem was studied on two cultivars namely, ICPL 87 and ICPL 88039. The insect pest population on two cultivars differed significantly across sowing dates. ICPL 87 was most vulnerable to insect pests as it suffered more damage by the pod borer H. armigera, pod sucking bugs (Clavigralla tomentosicollis Stal.) than ICPL 88039. The maximum leaf/pod feeding insect population was recorded on first sowing and then gradually decline for the r...

Tanveer Hussain1, Abdul Wajid1, Jabbar Khan2, Asif Nadeem1, Misbah Hussain1, Qurat ul-Ain1 and Masroor Babar1*

... the functions of immune system.

...

Rumisha Raza1*, Ali Raza Awan1, Muhammad Wasim1, Shagufta Saeed1, Muhammad Tayyab1, Aftab Ahmed Anjum2, Muhammad Muddassir Ali1 and Sehrish Firyal1*

...ole in maintenance of ecosystems. 

...

Toyin B. Ajibade1*, Mukhtar A. Yusuf1, Sijuwade A. Adebayo2, Uswat T. Adeyemi1 and Olubunmi A. Omotesho1

...bility of the aquatic ecosystem. Declining fish stock over the years is of stern concern, having strong implications not only on the livelihoods of millions of agents along the value chain but as well on future nutritional security of the populace and perhaps economic development. Despite potential threats that plastic poses to ocean ecosystem, there is still limited research in Nigeria to ascertain the extent and magnitude ...

Chukwujekwu A. Obianefo1,2*, Ngozi J. Obiekwe1, Nma O. Okoroji3, Zahoor A. Shah4, Uzochukwu V. Uchemba5 and Ebele G. Osegbue5

... and strengthen customer systems. Farmers are exposed to multiple types of extended information. However, this study examined the ease of use of e-extension techniques or tools by advisors when contacting farmers. The ability of extension staff to disseminate agricultural information using electronic tools should always be evaluated. A structured questionnaire was used to randomly select 150 agricultural development program officers. Simple descriptive statist...

Anom Yusuf Tri Bambang Susilo1, Muhammad Fathin Hanif1, Bambang Ariyadi2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra3, Ali Agus1*

...rds cage-free production systems in laying hens has gained significant attention in animal production research, particularly after the ban on conventional cages. Meanwhile, a bibliometric analysis entails the use of statistical methods to discover patterns and trends in scientific publications. This approach includes studying the quantity of publications, identifying the countries with the highest productivity, and defining the main fields of research. Through...

Azhar Ali1, Faheem Ahmed Khan2, Wu Di3, Huang Chunjie3, Muhammad Rizwan Yousaf1, Bilal Ahmed1, Farwa Shakeel1, Nuruliarizki Shinta Pandupuspitasari1, Windu Negara2, Bambang Waluyo Hadi Eko Prasetiyono1*

...hat the gastrointestinal system of dairy cows harbors a repertoire of 216 antimicrobial resistance genes, which are presumed to confer resistance to 23 distinct antibiotics. The identified ARGs were associated with tetracyclines, macrolides, bacitracin, quinolones, β-lactams, and aminoglycosides, which correspond to antibiotics often administered to both animals and humans. An important discovery in this study is the recognition of Enterobacteriaceae as t...

Gautam Kumar Deb1*, Md Faizul Hossain Miraz1, SM Jahangir Hossain1, Shahrina Akter1, Md. Ahsanul Kabir1, Md Ruhul Amin2, Md Panir Choudhury1, Nure Hasni Desha1

...A semi-intensive rearing system is identified where farmers provide a combination of roughage and concentrate feed. Bloat, diarrhea, colds, fevers and skin diseases are common among others. Mares experience first heat at 24.02±2.61 months and conceive at 27.09±3.64 months. Foaling length, gestation interval and estrous length were recorded as 26.98±3.14 months, 11.58±0.46 months and 21.25±0.75 days respectively. Chestnut and ...

Tariq Zaman1*, Fawad Khan2, Sajjad Ahmad2*, Alia Mehsud2, Atta Ur Rahman3, Muskaan Zaman2 and Sumaira Noor2

Muhammad Usman1, Hussain Abbas1, Riffat Maqsood1, Muhammad Awais Nadeem1, Abdul Hanan Shazal1, Ali Usman1, Amna Hameed2, Haram Shahid3, Zulqarnain Haider3, Muhammad Zain1, Muhammad Suleman1 and Muhammad Wasif Gulzar1*

...ponse, and control, this systematic literature review recorded the three coronavirus epidemics, namely SARS, MERS, and COVID-19.

...

Muhammad Wasif Gulzar*1, Riffat Maqsood1, Hussain Abbas1, Musharraf Manzoor1, Muhammad Suleman1, Hassaan Ahmad Bajwa2, Ali Hamza2, Shaher Yar1, Muhammad Zain1, Abdul Wadood1 and Noman Aslam3

...-align: justify;">All ecosystems, including humans, animals, and insects, are secretly threatened by pesticides. They keep pests under control, contribute significantly to crop productivity, and shield humans from vector-borne and viral illnesses, yet they also seriously contaminate our environment. These hazardous materials can be found in plants, soil, water, air, food, and feed. Through the food chain, their residues build in humans and animals after enteri...

Mahfuza Ferdous1, Sabuj Kanti Nath1 and Mustasim Famous2*

...s, the tethering grazing system was higher (43%) than the zero grazing (36%) and extensive grazing (21%) systems. 43% of farms relied upon local and natural grasses, whereas 21% produced their own fodder, and 36% supplemented fodder by purchasing. 71% of farms were found feeding raw fodder to the cattle without any kind of processing, and only 29% of farms used chopped fodder before feeding. In feeding concentrate feed, almo...

Li Wang, Feifei Feng, Kefei Peng, Yan Zhang and Ling Zhou*

...ational diabetes, immune system diseases, and preterm delivery were also higher than those of negative group (P<0.05). Our study indicates that the pregnancy outcomes of syphilis false-positive group are poor, suggesting its relevance to obstetric prognostic and may need more attention from early pregnancy period, including antenatal examination and necessary laboratory tests to exclude other systemic diseases.

...

Md. Asaduzzaman Lovelu1, Md. Amir Hossain2*, Md. Uzzal Hossain1, Tanzila Zafrin Tanvi1, Mahfuza Ferdous3, Nazmin Sultana Runa4, Assrafi Siddika3, Md. Sahidul Islam2 

...tionally, semi-intensive systems’ prevalence was higher than intensive systems (41.10% vs. 14.70%). Tick infection rates were also higher in the summer (47.28%) and lower in the winter (12.90%). Giemsa-stained peripheral blood smears from 245 calves were examined under a microscope, and it was discovered that there was a 3.27% prevalence of subclinical blood parasite illnesses, with 2.49% having babesiosis and 0.82% ha...

Atyab Amjad1*, Riaz-Ur-Rehman1, Muhammad Shafique Khalid2, Samia Ikram1, Riaz Bukhari1, Muhammad Shafique3 and Muhammad Luqman4

Arba Aleem, Norrizah Jaafar Sidik*, Wan Razarinah Wan, Abdul Razak and Norfatimah Mohamed Yunus

...ivation of plant defense system. Root exudates secreted by plants roots can attract beneficial microbes that help plants by boosting nutrient intake and improving plant growth. Sustainable agriculture and ecosystem management potentially benefit from an understanding of the mechanisms and purposes of root exudates under biotic and abiotic conditions. Harnessing the potential of plant-microbe interactions enables the infrastr...

Malik Muhammad Yousaf1*, Abou Bakar Siddique1*, M. Jahangir Shah1, Mumtaz Hussain1, Bashir Ahmad1, M. Bilal Zafar1, Maryam Hayat1, Shamsa Rasool1, Zainulabdeen1, Muhammad Mohsin Raza3, Malik Ibrar Yousaf2 and Usman Majeed1

... P (chemical fertilizing system), animal manure (Farmyard Manure), combination with chemical fertilizer (also known integrated fertilizer) at clay loam soil of AZRI, Bahawalpur during 2022-2023. Each germplasm contained following treatments including control (C0) chemical, in C1 (30 P+50 N), C2 (15 P+25 N), organic matter; M2 (Cow Dung 10 t/ha) M1 (Cow Dung 20 t/ha), and integrated 1N2 C1 (5 P+10 N+10 Cow dung t/ha) and 1N1 (C1 10 P+20+N+20 Cow dung t/ha) were...

Sushan Chowhan1,2*, Md. Moshiur Rahman3, Razia Sultana4,5, Md. Abdur Rouf6, Majharul Islam7 and Sharmin Ara Jannat8

...e, land shortage, and ecosystem stresses. These pressing issues necessitate the implementation of robust agricultural policies and focused research and development (R and D) across the crops, fisheries, and livestock sectors to maintain food security. This review aims to examine the current state of agricultural policies and R and D, highlighting crucial areas for future R and D within the crops, fisheries, and livestock sectors. It is noteworthy that existing...

Masoumeh Hosseynikhah 

...ivated in the hydroponic system under different levels of NaCl (20, 60 and 100 mmol/L) and silicon treatment (0, 2 and 4 mmol/L, final concentration in nutrient solution using potassium). Findings show that environmental stress significantly increased the accumulation of proline and sodium content in plant tissues and decreased the absorption and accumulation of potassium by plants. In addition, plant weight, 100 seed weight, relative water content, chlorophyl...

Abdulaziz S. Alatawi*

...arnivores in a desert ecosystem. Camera traps recorded three mammalian carnivores: golden jackal (Canis aureus), grey wolf (Canis lupus), and red fox (Vulpes vulpes). Although red foxes were highly abundant across the surveyed sites, an analysis showed that they avoided sites near highways. The golden jackal is rarely documented in Saudi Arabia and there is a significant lack of information about this species. All three detected wild carnivores are officially ...
Nguyen Van Vui1*, Duong Hoang Oanh2, Nguyen Thi Kim Quyen1, Nguyen Thuy Linh1, Kim Nang1, Nhan Hoai Phong1
...omated Cobas biochemical system. The results indicated that supplementing Spirulina in the drinking water of laying hens did not affect reproductive performance indicators. Nevertheless, there was a statistically significant difference in egg yolk color core between the Spirulina supplemented groups and the control group. Additionally, differences were observed between treatments in serum HDL and LDL levels. HDL levels increased and LDL levels decreased in the...

Real Datta1*, Md- Tariqul Islam2, Md. Afradul Islam3, Apurbo Kumar Mondal4, Tilak Chandra Nath1, Kazi Mehetazul Islam1, Jamal Uddin Bhuiyan1 

...under various management systems were obtained. A total of 97 of the 246 investigated fecal samples tested positive for GIT nematodes, resulting in a prevalence of 39.43%. The results show that the presence of GIT nematodes is significantly correlated with the type of farm, breed, frequency of deworming, and body condition score of cattle but not significantly with other factors like animal gender and age. Additionally, this study concludes that every farm sho...

Mohammed Nasir Uddin1, Maimona Monir Jhilam1, Most Zannatun Nahar Mukta1, Zujaja Wahaj2, Mohammad Maruf Hasan1* and Samiha Khan3

Qais Abdulrahman M. Al-Jaghifi, Zina Saab Khudhir* 

...hemical, and the VITEK 2 system. All suspected MRSA isolates tested positive for MRSA. In frozen meat samples (n=50) collected from different markets in Baghdad city, the number and isolation percentage (%) of S. aureus and MRSA were 11/50 (22%) and 4/50 (8%), respectively. In fresh meat samples (n=50), these figures were 16/50 (32%) and 3/50 (6%), respectively. Chitosan solutions at different concentrations (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%, and 2%) were prepared by dissolving...

Bilal Ahmed Qazi, Nowsherwan Zarif, Anwar Ali*, Faizan Ahmed, Asim Karim and Ali Nawaz 

...AO, UNDP etc., initiated systematic research in dry areas to combat land degradation and desertification effectively. These research studies focused on the maximum utilization of rainwater to ensure the availability of soil moisture to the plants for a longer period to enhance survival and growth. Various water harvesting techniques such as mud plaster, conservation contour trenches, V-shaped micro-catchments, hillside ditches, roaded catchments, water spreadi...
Hend E.M. Elsheikh1*, Mamdouh F. El-Mekkawi1, A.A. Abou-Zaid1 and 
Amal M. Abd El Raof2
...mmunal water and feeding system all have a major impact on LSD occurrence in cattle. To control the spread of LSD infection, introducing of new animals into the herd must be monitored and vaccination by Neethling strain is recommended. Conventional PCR rely on the EEV Glycoprotein gene is more accurate, sensitive, and time-efficient for LSDV diagnosis than virus isolation on CAM of embryo chicken eggs. As 62 of 81 (76.5%) from skin nodule biopsies and nasal sw...

Fasih Ullah Haider1,2, Sardar Alam Cheema1and Muhammad Farooq1,3

...ndance in every cropping system i.e. wheat-rice, wheat- maize and wheat- cotton cropping systems. Herbicides are used in order to minimizet weed infestation, but the use of herbicides or inorganic chemicals against weeds is also developing resistance in weeds to herbicides. Despite that herbicides are also affecting the environment especially human health. Pesticides not only damage the human health but also pollute the air,...

Abdessatar Omezine1

...: justify;">Mixture is a system of two or more different plant species interacting with each other in different manners. Interspecific competition, resource complementarity and facilitation may modulate better performance of a mixture. It is difficult to interpret the results of a simple mixture experiment, if the phenomena act together. An experimental design is used to study interactions between chilies or peppers, Capsicum annuum L. var. ‘Baklouti&rsq...

Iqtidar Hussain1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch, Ejaz Ahmad Khan and Asghar Ali Khan

... sustainability of agroeosystems.

...

Muhammad Farooq* and Sanam Zarif

...text-align: justify;">Ecosystems around the world, including Pakistan, are becoming increasingly concerned about invasive species, both plant and animal. These species, which are non-native to the area, seriously threaten native biodiversity and disturb local ecosystems. Invasive species spread more quickly as a result of increased worldwide travel and trade, necessitating management and control. This review study examines t...

Saima Naz1*, Moazama Batool2*, Qurat Ul Ain2, Ahmad Manan Mustafa Chatha3, Sheeza Bano2, Sadia Nazir4, Ghulam Abbas5 and Unab Zahra1

...pollutants on aquatic ecosystems and emphasize the necessity for effective monitoring and mitigation strategies. The observed histopathological alterations and genetic toxicities highlight potential risks associated with Malathion exposure, emphasizing the need for careful consideration of the environmental consequences of new insecticides. The results showed significant morphological changes  in red blood cells, severe histological changes and DNA damage...

Muhammad Ramzan Ali1*, Hasina Basharat2, Aziz Ahmed1, Mubeen Fakhar1 and Shamim Akhter2

...eding success in culture system of Pakistan. For the brood stock development, one thousand fingerlings of Clarias gariepinus were stocked in earthen ponds. The shooter fish were separated and kept in separate ponds of 0.04-hectare area. The mature 100 males and 100 female brooders fish were selected on basis of morphometric characters. Monthly gonadosomatic index of male and female Clarias gariepinus was lower in male as compare to female fish. Milt volume of ...

Mushtaq Ahmad1, Hikmat Ullah Jan2, Kanwal Raina3, Nazara Shafiq3, Syed Mukarram Shah1, Muhammad Ibrahim4, Shaha Buddin1 and Gulnaz Parveen3*

... backbone of global food systems, providing essential nutrition for billions of people worldwide. The ethnobotanical survey was conducted by interviewing local people and farmers to document traditional knowledge on weed species in maize and wheat crops. A semi-structured questionnaire along with group discussion and interviews were used to gather ethnobotanical data. A total of 93 weed species were collected from wheat and maize crops which belonged to 31 fam...

Natalia Shchur1,2*, Tetiana Mazur1, Orest Katsaraba3, Ihor Halka2, Ludmila Shalimova2, Larisa Moskalenko4, Tetiana Ponomariova-Herasymiuk4, Maksym Lusta4, Vitalii Nedosekov1

...o improve the indication system, methods were modified by reducing cultivation time, simultaneously using selective nutrient media of various compositions, and employing both commercial materials and those prepared from components. Additionally, a comparative assessment of two isolation methods was conducted using a model of 138 samples of cecal contents from poultry (n=106) and animals (n=32) from farms in Vinnytsia, Volyn, Kyiv, and Cherkasy regions. 97% of ...

Muhammad Luthfi Hidayat, Istna Mangisah, Lilik Krismiyanto, Vitus Dwi Yunianto*

...igestibility, and immune system of broiler chickens.
 
Keywords | Antioxidant, Broiler growth, Intestial microbial, Probiotic, Phytobiotic
...

Md Imran Hossen1, Shakhe Reju Ana Boishakhe1 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh2*

...inal, immune and nervous system. The present study was conducted to know the prevalence of FP in cats of Barishal region and also to know the frequency of different factors associated with FP. The study was performed at Upazila Livestock Office and Veterinary Hospital, Barishal Sadar and Pet Clinic, Barishal between November 01, 2023 to 10 April, 2024. A total of 131 case data were investigated that were extracted from the paper-based recording

Ririn Siti Rahmatillah1*, Diky Ramdani1, Iman Hernaman2, Anuraga Jayanegara3, Yulianri Rizki Yanza2

...s meta-analysis aimed to systematically examine the effects of different tea leaf product supplementations on ruminants. The PRISMA protocol was used to ensure the rigorous selection of suitable articles, and the OpenMEE approach was used to calculate effect sizes (Hedges’ g) across various output parameters. The results shows that tea leaf product supplementations had mostly no influence on the average weight gain in mass (AWG, Kg/head/day), body condit...

Ali Abd Kadhum  

...onfirmed using the Enterosystem 18 R system and using a device. Vitek-2 compact system. Results of an antibiotic resistance test showed that the isolates showed a “significant” change in resistance to antibiotics, as the isolates showed the bacterial species Staphulococcu aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus pneumonia, Moraxilla catarrhalis, and Klebsiella pneumonia re...

Baraa Najim Al-Okaily 

...nd supporting the immune system. However, when the level of oxidative challenge exceeds the normal physiological range, it can cause disruption and oxidative damage to large molecules. Recent advancements in scientific techniques have provided detailed understandings of spat-out redox patterns and the control of these reactions in particular settings have become at reach. Many studies have examined the impact of oxidative stress from diverse perspectives and d...

Mohanad O. Al-Jubouri1*, Sadeq M. AL Haider2, Safa M. Imran3

... and use of the Vitek II system, and they include: A. hydrophila, A. veronii, P. putida, A. hydrophila, B. columnaris, F. columnaris, C. columnaris, F. columnare, E. cloacae, P. fluorescens Intestinalis, Streptococcus sp. The temperature of the water varied between 11.2°C to 33.8°C, the salinity values varied from 0.5o°C to 0.69°C, and the O2 levels vary from 4.5 mg/L to 9.0 mg/L, pH levels, 8 at 6.1.  The results of CCA showed the identif...

Laila Ibouzine-Dine1*, Inssaf Berkiks1,2, Hasnaa Mallouk1, Mouloud Lamtai1, Zineb El Marzouki1, Amal Dimaoui1, Abdelhalem Mesfioui1, Aboubaker El Hessni1

...c oxide, Central nervous system, Bacterial endotoxin
...

Zhulmaydin C. Fachrussyah1*, Indra G. Ahmad2, Iin S. Lantu3, Arafik Lamadi2, Wila R. Nento3

...on sites using a biofloc system were selected using saturated sampling based on the sustainability of the catfish business (5 years), which included 20 businesses. Ectoparasite observations were conducted using a ZEISS Axioscope 5 Smart Laboratory Microscope. The descriptive method was used to identify and analyze the observational results. Gyrodactylus and Dactylogyrus parasites were discovered in mucus and gills. The Vorticella parasite was found on the gill...

Mohsin Rafique1*, Muhammad Atif Majeed2, Aamir Shakeel3, Tahir Iqbal4 and Ziad Raza5

Hina Yasin1,2*, Shaukat Mahmud2, Hina Abrar1, Kaneez Fatima3, Rabia Bushra1 and Saima Zahid2

...opular in the healthcare system for treatment of various complaints. In the present study, plant leaves were screened for analgesic and cytotoxic activities using animal models for the safe and effective utilization of plant material. The leaves were soaked in methanol and successively fractionated using n-hexane, chloroform, ethyl acetate and water. Mentioned biological activities were determined in different groups of wistar strain mice by administering vari...

Xinxing Wang1,4, Yunrong Shi2, Guobao Chen1, Tao Chen1, Kui Zhang1,3* and Wenhua Liu4*

... PRE reflects healthy ecosystem of PRE.

...

Milivoje Uroševic1, Darko Drobnjak1, Radomir Mandic2* and Sava Lazic3

...are domestic animals and systematic selection for their milk production has almost never been made. Donkey is most commonly used as a working animal. In order to examine the basic morphometric parameters of the udders of dairy donkeys, research was carried out on 15 dairy donkeys, bred on the farm of the Special Nature Reserve Zasavica in Zasavica near Sremska Mitrovica, in the Republic of Serbia. Donkeys are housed in groups in pens, without tethering. After ...

Mohammed H. Asker*, Nagham S. Mohammed, Zinah S. Zamil  

...vitamin C on the urinary systems of ovariectomized rabbits. Twenty rabbits, aged 8–9 weeks, were divided into four groups: intact rabbits receiving distilled water (Group 1), intact rabbits receiving oral vitamin C (10.166 mg/kg/B.W) (Group 2), ovariectomized rabbits receiving distilled water (Group 3), and ovariectomized rabbits receiving oral vitamin C (Group 4). All treatments were administered orally daily. At the end of the experiment, the animals w...

Isti Anindya1, Ibnu Agus Ariyanto2  and Amin Soebandrio

...als with weakened immune systems are at higher risk for severe diseases. Study in Egypt showed a high prevalence of CMV IgG (97.8%) in children with autism. In Indonesia, there is no current data available to indicate the prevalence of CMV in children with autism. Therefore, we examined anti-CMV IgG in children with autism and analyzed the relationship between IgG CMV variable and more independent variables. During 2023, 100 children with autism and 101 childr...

Abdulla A. Albishtue1,3, Nurhusien Yimer1,5*, Md Zuki A. Zakaria2, Abd Wahid Haron1, Abdul Salam Babji4

...ally the central nervous system, which causes histological structural changes that may persist even after its concentration in the blood reduces. It produces neurotoxicity related to the deterioration of brain functions. Edible bird’s nest (EBN) is important natural product that has biological characteristics, such as regenerative effect. The objective of this research was to evaluate EBN’s neuroprotective role on the cerebral and cerebellar cortex...
Faiza Ghazanfar1, Masood Rabbani1*, Aamir Ghafoor2 and Muhammad Hassan Mushtaq3
...amples were collected by systematic sampling method of commercial broiler farms in and around Lahore and examined for the presence of thermophilic C. jejuni. Their prevalence was found to be 53% (200/375). Confirmation was done by biochemical and molecular (Polymerase chain reaction) testing methods. Phylogenetic tree analysis was also performed for genetic identification of the species. in vitro antibiotic disc diffusion method of those selected isolates was ...

Wen Xiong1, Zhimin Jin1, Zinuo Yuan1, Qin Liu2* and Peter A. Bowler3

...st diverse and unique ecosystems on the planet. Despite the extraordinary endemism in its 33 terrestrial ecoregions, there is little information about its freshwater fish biodiversity. Based on our field investigations and an extensive review of the literatures, we identified 137 fish species (including two non-native species), representing 9 orders, 26 families and 88 genera, that are distributed in the Yujiang River and its drainage basin. According to the I...

Jawwad Rehman1,2, Muhammad Khizar1, Muhammad Naeem1, Atique Ahmed Behan3*, Huma Rizwana1, Nasir Rajput4, Ghulam Shabir Barham5, Syed Uzair Ali Shah1, Nisar Subhani2,4  

...of two different housing systems on milk yield, composition, welfare, behavior and hematological profile in lactating Pateri goats. Fourteen goats were selected and randomly divided into two groups of seven (n=7 per group). Group A was kept in cages while Group B was kept under an open housing system. Both groups were provided with feed and fresh drinking water ad libitum for a 90-day experimental trial. Milk yield and compo...

Yasemin Öztürk

...th reeds and mountain ecosystems. At the same time, using over 90 years of climatic data for the study area, calculations carried out according to the Thornthwaite method determined the precipitation efficiency index value (Im) to be 2.96. Isparta Province, which is very rich in wetlands and located on the bird migration route, is a very important area in terms of bird species.

...

Muhammad Luqman1,*, Aqsa Ashraf 1, Muhammad Yaseen1, Muhammad Umer Mehmood1, Anwar Saeed2 and Rizwan Ahmad3

Manel Ben Larbi1*, Ameni Askri1, Mariem Saidani1, Naceur M’Hamdi2, Ibrahim El Akram Znaïdi3, Nadia Ben Braiek4 and Hajer M’Hamdi5

... are reared in intensive systems at high stocking density ranging from 30 to 40 kg live weight/m2. The industry’s drive to ever faster growth rates has an impact on broiler health and welfare such as painful leg disorders and heart failure in broiler chickens and hunger due to severe food restriction in the breeding birds. The scientific literature on broiler chicken welfare in Tunisia is scarce. This study aimed to assess broiler welfare conditions in f...

Efi Rokana1*, Zein Ahmad Baihaqi1,2, Khoirul Wafa1, Kalvin Putra Wahyudatama1, Ferdian Ginanjar1, Rini Mastuti3, Amiril Mukmin1, Miarsono Sigit4 

...costs in sheep fattening systems. This research aims to determine the effect of utilizing beer waste on the performance and health of sheep. The study involved 24 female thin-tailed sheep, each approximately 7 months old. They were divided into four groups: a control group and three groups that received beer waste at 5%, 10%, and 15% of their ration. Feed consumption was measured by calculating the difference between the amount of feed given and the remaining ...
Hajjar Hartini Wan Jusoh1,2, Hafizan Juahir1,2*, Azimah Ismail1, Nurfarahana Mohd Nasir3,5, Setyo Budi Kurniawan1,4 and Ahmad Jusoh5
 
 
...and their toxicity to ecosystem. Concerned about the impact of malathion pesticide, this study investigated the effectiveness of granular activated carbon (GAC) in removing malathion from agricultural runoff. The study focused on how particle size and dosage of GAC impact the removal efficiency. Therefore, this study revealed that particle size and dosage of granular activated carbon significantly affect the removal efficiency of malathion from agricultural ru...

Fazli Amin1*, Amjad Usman1, Maqsood Shah¹ and Sarzamin Khan²

...ectric fans, cooling pad systems, and water sprinkling through foggers, have been employed to mitigate heat stress in poultry. However, due to cost constraints, these methods may not always be feasible, and alternative nutritional strategies can be followed, including the use of balancing of nutrients. One such nutritional strategy for reducing stress is the incorporation of Tenebrio molitor (mealworm) as a feed additive. Therefore, this study was designed to ...

Sami ul Haq, Basheer Ahmad* and Bilal Ahmed Qazi 

...rs influencing forest ecosystems in the region, informing conservation strategies and sustainable forest management practices. Community-led initiatives are necessary to protect the Shahpur Valley’s unique biodiversity and promote sustainable forest management. Key findings emphasize the importance of soil properties in shaping forest composition and the need for sustainable practices to conserve this ecosystem.

...

Wahedul Karim Ansari1, Md. Yeasin Arafat1, Md. Kamruzzaman Akimul1, Md. Saifur Rahman1, Md. Jahirul Islam2, Mahamud Hasan2, Md. Ibrahim Mridha2, Md. Aminul Islam3 and Mohammad Enamul Hoque Kayesh1*

...or type, and the housing system, on LSD prevalence. LSD was confirmed by physical examination with nodular lesions on the skin together with fever. Results indicate that the overall prevalence was only 4.13% with a higher prevalence in cross-bred female cattle. In descriptive analysis among all variables only housing system of Bakerganj upazila showed a significant association. The study emphasizes an awareness campaign prog...

King Hei Ip

...rigger the innate immune system to produce interferons via the Janus kinase/signal transducers and activators of transcription pathway, resulting in the transcription and expression of interferon-stimulated genes (ISGs). Bats and humans share some common ISGs but with some structural and genomic differences, impacting the ability for bats and humans to respond to viral infections. Also, there are fundamental differences in the bat and human innate immunity oth...
Phuong-Thao Ho1, 2, Thi Tuong Vy Nguyen3, Ngoc Hai Tran3 and Tran Van Giang4*
...ce to the inter-tidal ecosystem and humans due to its environmental functions and nutritional as well as medicinal values. Thus, the current study intends to determine systematic validity and to assess the weight–length relationship of the sipuncula living along the central coast of Vietnam. Species identity is evidenced by the key features of external morphology and internal anatomy. The results show that all these si...

Nahed Yehia1*, Rania I. Mohamed2

...espiratory and digestive systems; they also affect the heart, liver pancreas, and proventriculus. Also, the spleen showed severe lymphoid depletion and necrosis causing immunosuppression. Regular virus monitoring and study of the pathogenicity is necessary for better control of virus infection.
 
Keywords: H9N2, Genetic evolution, Pathogenicity, Histopathology, Avian influenza
...

Pankaj Gargotra1*, C. Judith Betsy1 and J. Stephen Sampath Kumar2

 

...r species and production systems. Loaches are an important category of freshwater fish with a global distribution, and studies have shown that loach meat has great nutritional value. There is a scarcity of data on their population structure, breeding behavior, and growth biology. Lepidocephalichthys thermalis, a member of the superfamily Cobitidae and the order Cypriniformes, is a significant alternative species for Indian aquaculture. Aquaculture breeding str...
Anum Razzaq*, Tariq Mahmood, Ammara Saman, Ammara Baig, Nadeem Munawar and Muhammad Farooq
... associated with agro-ecosystem of the area. No particular scientific studies have been focussed on dietary habits of this species in particular Plateau. Therefore, the focal aim of the current study was to investigate the dietary habits of Indian gerbil by using micro-histological analysis of stomach contents in croplands of the Pothwar Plateau and to study the variation in its food composition during cropping and non-cropping seasons. A total of 30 specimens...

Abdul Zahir1*, Asad Ullah1, Yonis Gulzar2*, Mohammad Shuaib Mir2, Abdus Salaam3 and Arjumand Bano Soomro2

...n the water distribution system to reduce the chance of inequality in irrigation water distribution.

...

Bushra Sial1, Arif Muhammad Khan1, Mohsan Raza1,6*, Azhar Abbas Khan2, Sayyad Ali Raza Bukhari1, Muhammad Kashif Hanif3, Sher Khan Panhwar4, Muhammad Ashfaq5

...r (K2P) model using BOLD systems revealed 20.17 and 19.87 percent within genus and family respectively. Nevertheless, this study documented the COI sequence of Caesio varilineata and Uranoscopus dollfusi, for the first time. The combined use of taxonomy, DNA barcoding, and QR codes appeared to be robust approaches, and have paved the way for a better understanding of fishes rarely found in Pakistan, northern Arabian Sea. 
 

Budi Guntoro1*, Nguyen Hoang Qui1,2, Ahmad Romadhoni Surya Putra1, Nguyen Thi Anh Thu1,2 and Nguyen Van Vui2

...the acceptance of biogas systems in pig farms. The data showed that occupation, perceived usefulness, information awareness, social influence, and perceived cost were significant predictors of farmers’ willingness to adopt biogas. Specifically, occupation (B = -0.088, p = 0.007) and perceived usefulness also negatively affected (B = -0.149, p = 0.005) the willingness to adopt biogas; in addition, farmers having off-farm jobs or having high perceived usef...
Khaled A. El-Dougdoug1, Wael S. El-Araby2* and Rehab, A. Dawoud3
... VLPs are appealing as a system because their proteins can be altered both chemically and genetically, opening up a wide range of potential uses. Virus-like particles (VLPs) are ideal for antigen and medication administration because viruses are strong immune activators and efficient vectors for transporting genetic elements into host cells. Recent developments in VLP platform engineering, activation, and release strategies, in addition to their application to...

Md Kamrul Hasan1,2, Hong-Seok Mun1,3, Keiven Mark Bigtasin Ampode1,4, Eddiemar Baguio Lagua1,5, Hae-Rang Park1,5, Young-Hwa Kim6, Md Sharifuzzaman1,7, Chul-Ju Yang1,5*

...ies in livestock farming systems, this study aims to discern and appraise the most recent advancements by assessing scientific and technological progressions. The objective of this study is to conduct a comprehensive review of the literature to determine the status of DT application in livestock farm management with its benefits, challenges, and prospects. Scientific databases, PRISMA guidelines, and systematic bibliometric ...

Shaymaa Jabbar Hassoon1*, Hiba Ibrahim Ali2, Ayat Jasim Mohammed3, Oras Salman4

...ere confirmed by VITEK 2 system. The results of UV-Vis analysis showed a silver surface plasmon resonance band at 420 nm. AgNPs’ spherical form and diverse diameters D1 (21.10) and D2 (21.39) were observed using SEM. While FT-IR spectrum noticed the existence of diverse efficient clutches accountable in order to reduction and stabilization Ag-NPs. The nanoparticles after XRD analysis were crystalline form with face-centered cubic structure of the bulk si...

Mujahid Ali1*, Malik Muhammad Akram2, Emily Silverman3, Asif Iqbal1, Muhammad Mohsan1, Haseeb Ahsan4

...epend on the Indus River system, making it highly vulnerable to fluctuations in river flows and climatic changes. This unsustainable water usage in agriculture not only exacerbates the water crisis but also hampers agricultural productivity and food security. Agriculture accounts for 24% of the GDP while more than 90% of water consumed in Pakistan is utilized for agriculture. Pakistani has one of the best canal systems in th...

Mostafa R. Zaher1,2*, Amir A. Shehata1, Azza M. El Amir2, Naglaa M. Hagag1, Reham H. Tammam3**

...f adjuvants and delivery systems to boost vaccine performance was also reviewed. Furthermore, we explore state-of-the-art methodologies such as exosome-based vaccines, cell-free protein synthesis systems, self-amplifying RNA vaccines, and the application of artificial intelligence (AI) and computational biology in vaccine design. These methodologies may offer solutions for the challenges posed by the foot-and-mouth disease v...
Maimoona Imran2, Farah Rauf Shakoori2*, Soumble Zulfiqar1
Abeedha Tu-Allah Khan1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori1*
...s and starvation sensing system.

...

Mohamed T. A. Soliman1, Hadeer M. Shosha2, Hala M. Ebaid2, Heba Nageh Gad El-Hak2, Heba M.A. Abdelrazek3*

...he animal’s immune system. Therefore, three groups of pregnant rats, each consisting of 10 rats, were assigned. The 1st group was the control group, while the other two groups were administered doses 36.75 mg and 73.5 mg of COC from the 6th day of gestation until the 20th day of gestation. The immune system of the male progeny was assessed detecting the levels of interleukins (IL-2 and IL-6) and immunoglobulins (IgG an...

Muhammad Umair Khan1*, Abdur Rehman1, Mansoor Ali Khan1, Abdur Rahman Khan1, Sajid Ali1 and Zeeshan Ahmad2

...e poor pollution control systems. Non-wood materials are now a more viable option as raw materials for papermaking due to a number of considerations. Several pulping methods can be used for non woody raw material such as soda/soda anthraquinone and organosolv. The availability and utilization of raw materials of non-wood for Pakistan’s pulp and paper sector is examined in this study. Non-wood fibers offer a variety of physicochemical characteristics that...

Ray Adil Quddus1, Nisar Ahmad1*, Jalees Ahmad Bhatti1, Anjum Khaleeq2 and Asfand Yar Khan3

...her automated monitoring system or visual observation. The rate of true estruses detection was higher when estruses were detected by an automated monitoring system than visual observation (30 vs 17, respectively; P<0.05). However, false estruses prediction was lowered by an automated monitoring system than visual observation (11 vs 19, respectively; P<0.05). Therefore, efficiency (60...
Jessenia Castro-Olaya1, Dorys T. Chirinos1* and Takumasa Kondo2
...try (AF) and monoculture system (MF) were selected in three areas: Lodana (LAF and LMF), Pachinche (PAF and PMF) and Santa Ana (SAAF and SAMF). Diversity, abundance, and IndVAl were estimated as well as its correlation with climate variables. A total of 8,372 scolytines separated into 14 taxa within nine genera were observed. Scolytine diversity was low in all the agroecosystems, due to high dominance of Hypothenemus ...
José J. Cedeño-Díaz1, Caridad A. Torres-García1, Marina García1, Freddy Zambrano-Gavilanes1, Naga Raju Maddela2* and Felipe R. Garcés-Fiallos3*
...my and protecting the ecosystem in the Pacific Ecuador.
...

Baraa Qasim Mohammed1, Asmaa Hamoody Abdullah1, Ahmed Raheem Rayshan2* 

...emical tests, and Vitek2 system confirmation. Pseudomonas aeruginosa was then confirmed by PCR assay. Importantly, all isolates tested positive for the ability to produce the virulence factor hemolysin, a phospholipase enzyme. The 16S rRNA gene was first identified as a virulence gene by polymerase chain reaction study, followed by the identification of the exotoxin T, outer membrane protein I, and phenzaine+ M genes. Three (27.27%) of the isolates were P. aer...

Abeer S. Hafez1, Shereen M. Aly1, Dalia M. A. Elmasry2*, H. A. Hussein3, Marwa A. Abdelmagid4

Muhammad Ahsan Raza1,2*, Nabila Roohi2, Abdul Qayyum Khan Sulehria3 and Muhammad Khalil Ahmad Khan4

...er quality in aquatic ecosystem.

...

Sehar Aslam1, Muhammad Qasim1*, Mohsin Khurshid2*, Usman Ali Ashfaq1 and Muhammad Akhtar Ali3

...ation of the host immune system, improvement of anti-inflammatory response, enhancement of antibacterial and anti-allergic properties, as well as anti-proliferative properties. These beneficial microorganisms can interact with the gut microbiota to restore an impaired gut microbiome. While probiotics can be sourced from various sources, this study focuses on isolating and characterizing novel probiotic strains from dairy sources, specifically Dahi. To evaluate...

Zuhaib Nishtar1, Wang Fangzong1,  Nan Yang1 and Jamil Afzal2*

...t loss, protect vital ecosystems, and keep biodiversity from dwindling. In addition, the article explores the potential approaches, regulations, and technological advancements that can facilitate the successful integration of renewable energy and wildlife conservation. It is possible for Pakistan to begin on a greener future with sustainable economic growth and the protection of its irreplaceable natural heritage if it coordinates its conservation efforts with...

Anisa Aprilia*, Syafrial, Djoko Koestiono, Fitria Dina Riana and Silvana Maulidah 

...stify;">Agro-food supply systems are essential for maintaining global food security. However, they encounter growing environmental risks that pose significant challenges. Recognizing environmental hazards present throughout the agricultural food supply chain can improve its sustainability. This review compiles relevant data from recent literature and evaluates it to identify strategies for managing sustainable agro-food supply chains while mitigating environme...

Lahbib Cheikhi, Hafidha Boucherit* and Abdelkrim Benaradj

...acterize oasis livestock systems, through a typological analysis of their structure, management and zootechnical performances in the Saharan region of Béni Abbès (southwestern Algeria). The methodology adopted is based on field observations and a series of surveys with 55 oasis farmers in the three selected oases (Béni Abbès, Oued Khoudir, Tabelbala) in the wilaya of Béni Abbès. The results reveal the intensification o...

Hammad Ali, Basheer Ahmad, Asim Karim*, Saifullah and Salman Ahmad 

...burghii, dominate the ecosystem of the chir pine forest. The study also mentioned the comparatively high frequencies of alien species, such as Eucalyptus camaldulensis. It is important to remember that these exotic species are non-native to the area, which may have an impact on the native species and ecosystem’s equilibrium. A few major challenges to the ecosystem of the chir pine fo...

Rand Kamil Abbas, Zahra Sadoon Hadi*, Ahmad Hassan Sahib 

...s in the upper digestive system, starting from the oral cavity, and also present in the liver. Histopathologically, there was an infiltration of large number of mononuclear inflammatory cells in the tracheal mucosa. Sinusoidal congestion and Kupffer cell hyperplasia were seen in the liver. Taken together, our finding articulates that garlic (200 mg/kg) offers natural, cheaper and potent antitrichomonal therapy. 

...

Humaira1, Afsana Huseynova Anvar2, Shaukat Ali3, Marcelo Franco4, Muhammad Irfan1*

..., ecofriendly production systems. Extensive metabolic engineering practices incorporating living systems for commercial manufacturing of cost-effective value-added products and biochemical from sustainable feed-stock show limited success as desired higher production rates run counter to life-sustaining metabolic activities. To address these challenges, cell-free approaches developed as promising platform to proceed towards s...
Tayyaba Gul Tareen1*, Wajahat Ullah Khan Tareen2, Muhammad Aamir3, Jehanzeb Khan1 and Naveed Jan4
...ines a comprehensive and systematic review of the published work proceeding on the progressive decrease of switches forsmart batterychargers with the APFs configuration. The key characteristics of the cutting-edge technology in RES, dual active bridge converter with functions of active power filter (APF), and electric vehicle (EV) battery charging system have been elaborated in this research. Following with the problem descr...

Jaafar Haider Abd Alrudah1, Nada Fadhil Abbas2*, Farah Ali Hadi1, Haider Tuma Kaab3 

...reading to the digestive system because the infection specifically targets the crop in birds. Therefore, this study aimed to prepare an attenuated antigen that had previously been tested on mice. We aim to apply the approach for the first time on a group of Pigeons to stimulate an immune response represented by the levels of antibodies in the pigeons’ serum. Candida albicans was isolated from birds infected with Candidiasis using CHROMagar Candida a...

Ammara Khan1, Khalid Mehmood1,2*, Ali Raza1, Ishtiaq Hassan3 and Ayesha Sultana4,5

...fy;">Rice-wheat cropping system is a major system in agriculture of Pakistan. Conventional practice of residues-burning has been greatly discouraged in the wake of ongoing environmental challenges. When rice crop precedes wheat sowing in same fields, the farmers are elicited to burn the rice residues for urgent land preparation which poses multiple threats to soil characteristics. This study investigates the effects of diffe...

Elena Balarezo*, Jose Luis Flores and Miguel Angel Toro-Jarrin

...ocesses and distribution systems. This lack of regulation encourages the development of pathogens in milk and lowers the final sales price. The aim of this study was to implement and test a milk quality program to improve product quality and sales prices. We carried out an initial diagnosis of management practices and bacteriological quality of milk, followed by program implementation directed to project promoters and community members. We checked the bacterio...

Sarhad Journal of Agriculture

September

Vol.40, Iss. 3, Pages 680-1101

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