Factors Associated with Declining Incidence of HIV-2 in West Africa: A Systematic Literature Review
Factors Associated with Declining Incidence of HIV-2 in West Africa: A Systematic Literature Review
Lipigwe Lauya1*, Peace Nkiruka Okeke2, Chukwudi Chizorom Ibeh1, Bello Ozovehe Banimoh1 and Nanma Tongnan Cosmas1
ABSTRACT
The literature suggests that West Africa is the epicenter of human immunodeficiency virus type 2 (HIV-2), with only sporadic cases occurring in other parts of the world. However, surveillance has shown that both the incidence and prevalence of HIV-2 infection are declining in West Africa. This systematic literature review identifies the factors influencing this decline. We generated secondary data from three selected electronic databases: PUBMED, Google Scholar, and Science Direct, using a mix of keywords and MESH terms such as HIV-2, decline, incidence, and West Africa. Studies were selected if they reported data on the factors responsible for the decline in HIV-2 incidence in West Africa. This review identified eighteen (n=18) articles published between 1994 and 2021 that met this requirement. Among the identified factors are the high mortality rate and loss to follow-up of HIV-2 patients, the pathogenicity of the HIV-2 virus, and the clinical picture of the disease depending on the sex of individuals.
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