Brain Histopathological Changes After Treatment Using Calabash Fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) in Rat Model with Artificially Induced Ischemic Stroke
Brain Histopathological Changes After Treatment Using Calabash Fruit (Crescentia cujete L.) in Rat Model with Artificially Induced Ischemic Stroke
Jasir Hakim Hidayah1,2, Yos Adi Prakoso2, Sitarina Widyarini3*
ABSTRACT
The brain is an essential neurological system. Brain function can be disturbed through circulatory system disturbance, such as thrombus. An ischemic stroke is one of the brain diseases caused by a thrombus. Ischemic stroke therapy is commonly using antiplatelet, and it causes various side effects. An alternative treatment must be developed to mitigate the side effects of antiplatelet drugs against stroke, such as using herbs, including calabash (Crescentia cujete L.). This study aimed to analyze the efficacy of calabash fruit against histopathology of the brain in a mouse model with artificially induced ischemic stroke. As many as fifty – rat models were used in this study. The rats were separated into P1 (sham-operated), P2 (ischemic stroke model (IS)), P3 (IS + 0.74 mg/kg BW of calabash), P4 (IS + 1.48 mg/kg BW of calabash), P5 (IS + 2.96 mg/kg BW of calabash). The P2 – P4 groups were artificially induced ischemic stroke using common carotid artery ligation for 4 hours. After 24 hours, the rats were treated twice daily using various doses of calabash for seven days. On day 8, the brains were collected and processed against histopathology. The data was analyzed using SPSS version 26. The result indicated that the most efficacious dose of calabash was 2.96 mg/kg BW from the P5 group. It is supported by the minimization of infarct area in the P5 group compared to the others. Further, this dose showed a decrease in a histopathological score of necrosis neuronal, microgliosis, neuronal oedema, secondary haemorrhage, and perivascular oedema compared to the others. This study proved that calabash can be an alternative therapy against ischemic stroke. In advance, the experimental intoxication of this fruit and its processing product must be elucidated.
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