Muhammad Irshad1, Abdur Rab1, Javed Rahman2, Muhammad Sajid1, Ilyas Khan2, Sajad Ali1, Muhammad Razaq1, Sallahuddin1
Shahid Ali, Munir Khan
Farhad Zulfiqar, Muhammad Ashfaq
... wheat yield was of mean maximum average temperature at the time of maturity, ceteris paribus with one oC increase in temperature the average wheat yield increased by 56.64 kg per hectare in the study area. It was deduced from the economic variable that the level of input used was less than optimum. The negative coefficient of the location variables revealed that increasing the area virtually decreased the yield. It was concluded from location varia...
Mohammed Ali Hussain, Zakiya Ahmed Hassan
...ht of 62.93 cm. However, maximum leaf area produced by hybrid DK x Hs in both locations with averages 768.56, 670.26 and 719.42 cm2, respectively, while hybrid sangaria recorded maximum value for 300 grains weight 68.16 g and the hybrid IK 8 x zp-707 showed highest rows ear- 1 at both locations and their averages reached 19.33, 17.33 and 18.33, and the same hybrid produced highest yield plant-1 at both location with average ...
Rashid Saleem1*, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmad2, Muhammad Abbas Anees2, Abdul Razzaq3 and Ashiq Saleem1
Aqeel Ahmad, Zammurad Iqbal Ahmed, Irfan Aziz*
...ommendations and harvest maximum returns from their investment in agricultural business.
...
Asma Noshad1, Mudassar Iqbal1*, Zafar Iqbal1, Hamida Bibi2, Saifullah3, Salma Bibi4, Hamid Ullah Shah1
...ecticidal potential. The maximum mortality of aphids was achieved at 80 µg mL-1 and the LC50 for the fruit body extract after 24 HRS was calculated as 12.83μg mL-1, followed by the extract from the fermentation filtrate with LC50 value 25.03 μg mL-1. The mycelial extract with LC50 (29.96 μg mL-1) exhibited least insecticidal activity. The results obtained from this stud...
Joseph Langston1*, Joseph Hammer2, Ryan T. Cragun3
...cally available. Neither maximum accommodation nor confrontation with religion was indicated by a majority of nonbelievers, though more respondents opted for accommodation (60%) than confrontation (25%). Most respondents indicated that their willingness to attack or ridicule religion was not absolute, but rather context dependent....
Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro*, Habib-Ur-Rehman Memon, Muhammad Ali Ansari, Ahmed Naqi Shah
...twice (30+60 DAS) caused maximum (67.7%) suppression of weeds, produced maximum plant height (117.0 cm) and seedcotton yield (3977.8 kg ha-1) but conferred less (Rs. 2,14,151) net monetary benefits as compared to obtained in sorghum + Dual Gold and sunflower + Dual Gold. Overall results suggested that maximum net income was recorded when sorghum water extract was applie...
Gultaj Hussain1, Abdur Rahman1*, Tariq Hussain2, Siraj Uddin1, Tariq Ali3
E-mail | abdur_rahman@aup.edu.pk
...ncentrations effect were maximum for 5.0%, followed by 3.0% and least for 1.0% on E. coli and Salmonella load on beef surfaces. In addition, citric acid was more effective than lactic acid at all concentrations (1.0, 3.0 and 5.0%) in reducing E. coli and Salmonella growth. The citric acid at 5.0% was found significantly effective treatment in reducing E. coli O157: H7 and S. typhymurium population on beef stored samples....
Mohammed A. Rohaim1*, Rania F. El-Naggar2, Abdulrahman M. Gamal3, Elshaimaa Ismael3, Mohamed M. Hamoud4, Sherif T. Moubarak3, Ashraf M. Metwally1, Manal M. Zaki3, Shimaa A.E. Nasr3, Samah Elsaid3, Mohamed M. Ali3, Hussein A. Hussein1 and Osama K. Zahran3
Email: mohammedvet1986@gmail.com; mohammed_abdelmohsen@cu.edu.eg
...valuation was to achieve maximum simulation of Egyptian field reality as the two viruses represent the two main subclades currently co-circulating in Egypt. The disinfectants were tested individually for effectiveness against HPAI H5N1 for 5, 10, 15 and 30 minutes contact time. Numerical method and neutralization test were used to assess the ability of each disinfectant to inactivate the virus. Our results revealed that all the used disinfe...
Mudasir Irfan Dar*, Fareed Ahmad Khan and Farha Rehman
E-mail | irfanmudasir@gmail.com
...ages observed, attaining maximum with 40 grams Imidacloprid active ingredient per hectare-1 at day 15 after treatment. The antioxidative enzyme activity of SOD, APX and GR showed increasing trend in a dose-dependent manner, attaining maximum at 40 g.a.i ha-1 of Imidacloprid treatment at day 7 after treatment (DAT) followed by 3 and 15 DAT, respectively. On the contrary, the CAT activity was increased at lower concentrations ...
Nagina Zeb, Muhammad Sajid, Abdul Mateen Khattak and Imtiaz Hussain
...ys to flowering (118.1), maximum plant height (45.83 cm), number of leaves plant-1 (54.1), fresh flower weight (44.29 g) and dry flower weight (5.12 g) was obtained with the application of 200 mg K2O pot-1. In case of maleic hydrazide, the plants grown under control treatment took minimum days (112.9) to flowering, maximum plant height (47.06 cm) and number of leaves (57.89) plant-1. Maximum
Mushtaq Ahmad1*, Habib Akbar1, Mohammad Tariq Jan1, Muhammad Jamal Khan Khattak2 and Abdul Bari3
...r yield production. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (170.49 cm2), leaf area index (6.77), root length (35.50 cm) and root weight plant-1 (0.98 kg-1) were recorded in sugar beet planted at 2 cm depth. Nitrogen band placement method significantly affected growth and yield related attributes of sugar beet. Mean maximum leaf area plant-1 (173.32 cm2), leaf area index (6.68), root length (36.50 cm), root weight plant-1 (1.03 kg-1)...
Shahid Ali1, Habib Akbar2, Mohammad Tariq Jan2, Mohammad Jamal Khan3 and Abdul Bari4
...hods and interaction for maximum emergence, visible crop stand leading to yield and yield components. Significant differences were observed among cane portions and setts placement methods for all the traits except emergence %. Planting sources exhibited significant differences for emergence percentage. The interaction of cane portions and setts placement methods were significant except for emergence percentage. Millable canes showed significant interaction for...
Ilham Ulla, G. Arjumand, Nawab Ali and Mohammad Akmal*
...a 40 kg increment to the maximum of 160 (kg ha-1) including a control treatment in a randomized complete block (RCB) design in four replications. Sowing date (SD) were main plot and N-rate subplot treatments. Mean results of replications revealed a significant reduction in days to flowering and maturity by delay SD. However, positive responses were observed by increase in N-rate. Early planting showed maximum biom...
Haq Aman Ullah1*, Aneela Zameer Durrani2, Muhammad Ijaz2 and Aqeel Javeed3
...ferent feed samples. The maximum level of aflatoxin B1 was detected in cotton seed cake (mean level 137.059 ± 22.293 ppb) followed by wanda, homemade concentrate mixture and wheat bran.. Amongst the positive concentrate feed samples, 28 samples (85% of the positive) were having the concentration of aflatoxin B1 higher than the permissible level which is 5 ppb for concentrates as recommended by European Communities. It is concluded that the concentrate a...
Tahir Khan, Raziuddin, Fakharuddin* and Muazam Jamal Razi
...d sense heritability and maximum genetic advance for most of the F4 populations. Current results suggested the effectiveness of selection in early generations for the improvement of these traits. ...
Nadeem Khan1*, Arshad Ali Khan1, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Nouman2 and Badshah Islam1
...ed that Tarocco attained maximum height (156.13 cm), followed by Mexican Lemon (146.80 cm). Similarly, maximum plant spread and leaf area were recorded in Mexican Lemon 124.07 cm and 11.35 cm2, respectively. However, Hamlin showed the highest stem girth (9.90 cm) and number of branches (66.53). The internode length was the greatest in Kinnow cultivar (2.66 cm). In case of disease incidence
Gurrappa Naidu Govindaraj, Vinayagamurthy Balamurugan*, Habibur Rahman
... at the minimum (5%) and maximum (15%) incidence levels, respectively. Thus, the estimated loss due to PPR in sheep and goats is dependable till the large-scale primary survey estimates are available in India....
Muhammad Jurial Baloch1*, Ghulam Murtaza Channa2, Wajid Ali Jatoi2, Abdul Wahid Baloch1, Imdad Hussain Rind1, Muhammad Ahmed Arain1 and Ayaz Ali Keerio1
... cultivar TD-1 expressed maximum GCA effects for tillers plant-1, spike length, grain yield plant-1, seed index and harvest index; while negative and desirable GCA for days to 75% maturity. The SCA estimates revealed that F1 hybrid TD-1 × TJ-83 manifested maximum SCA effects for tillers plant-1, spike length, grains spike-1 and negative yet desirable for day...
Muhammad Siddiq1* and Hamid Ullah Shah2
... kept in sunlight showed maximum PV (12.82%), FFA (1.32%) and AV (1.39), while maximum IV (63.10), CI (0.371) and BC (11.30) value were observed in samples stored at ambient temperature. Storage conditions increased PV from 218 to 27.82, FFA from 0.88 to 1.47, AV from 1.02 to 1.56, while decreased IV from 63.38 to 58.05, CI from 0.392 to 0.337 and BC from 27.87 to 3.46. It was concluded that olive:palm oils mixed at a level ...
Farmanullah Khan, Samad Khan, Wiqar Ahmad and Imran Khan
... NPK75FYM20 rewarded the maximum net income of Rs. 43108 ha-1, indicating its superiority for profitable wheat yield under rain-fed conditions. It can be concluded from these results that the application of plant nutrients from a variety of natural and manufactured fertilizer sources improve crop yield as well as augment the fertility of soils suffering from water erosion hazards....
Gul Naz and Mohammad Akmal
...stan. It is grown on the maximum cropped area every year. The suitable variety identification for agro-climate and its optimum N-fertilizer demand with application are need of the day to overcome on N-leaching from the soil and to ensure future food security. Present study was, therefore, conducted in two seasons (2011-12 and 2012-13) at the Agronomy Research Farm, the University of Agriculture Peshawar, Pakistan. Treatments were laid-out in a randomized compl...
Umed Ali Laghari, Ahmed Naqi Shah, Muhammad Nawaz Kandhro, Zia-ul-Hassan, Ghulam Murtaza Jamro and Khalid Hussain Talpur
... 20 kg K2O ha-1 produced maximum branches per plant (5.2), pods per plant (32.3), seeds per pod (4.7), seed index (82.7 g) and seed yield (2589 kg ha-1) when compared with 0.0 and 10 kg K2O ha-1. Interestingly, Sel-449 was the most responsive genotype to K nutrition which resulted in higher branches per plant (5.3), pods per plant (29.7), seeds per pod (4.5), seed index (87.3 g) and seed yield (2504 kg ha-1) as compared to its counterparts. The genotype Sel-17...
Abdul Qahar and Bashir Ahmad
...ded that R-2210 produced maximum yield, BCR value and N content in tissue with 350 kg N ha-1, however S content in soil and in tissue was more with 40 kg S ha-1. Hence, it is recommended that 350 kg N ha-1, and R-2210 should be used for optimum grain yield and economic benefits....
Mian Shamas Murtaza1, Aysha Sameen1, Nuzhat Huma1 and Fatma Hussain2
...negative control had the maximum (1604.64 g) hardness. The hardness decreased gradually on increasing the concentration of gums and the samples having guar gum were less hard. On sensory evaluation, the maximum scores were awarded to full fat cheese, while the negative control attained the minimum liking. Addition of gums improved the sensory acceptability of cheese. The sample containing 0.45% guar gum was awarded the score...
Allah Wadhayo Gandahi, Khalilluah Panhwar, Rabail Gandahi, Muhammad Saleem Sarki and Mahmooda Buriro
...0-70-40 kg ha-1 resulted maximum plant height, number of green leaves plant-1, number of opened bolls plant-1, seed index, and seed cotton yield ha-1. Red leaves reduced when soil was fertilized with N, P and K @ 120-70-40 kg ha-1; and plots without application of K (120-70-0 kg ha-1) and PK (120-0-0 kg N ha-1) increased number of red leaves. In case of micronutrients, Zn @ 4 kg and B @ 1.5 kg ha-1 were highly effective to control reddening of leaves, respecti...
Sadiq Hussain, Muhammad Sharif, Sarmad Khan, Fazli Wahid, Hina Nihar, Wiqar Ahmad, Imran Khan, Nadeem Haider and Tabassum Yaseen
...ment. Results showed the maximum grain yield of 15.09 and 14.7 g pot-1, highest total dry matter yield of 36.3 g and 36 g pot-1, maximum roots dry weight of 5.6 and 5.41g pot-1, hundred grains weight of 4.64 g and 4.6 g were observed for the mycorrhiza inoculation with half and full dose of vermicompost treatments, respectively. Highest straw yield of 21.5 g and 21.2 g pot-1, maximum plant...
Muhammad Imran*, Munir Ahmad, Muhammad Naeem, Muhammad Farooq Nasir, Imran Bodlah, Muhammad Nasir and Umer Ayyaz Aslam Sheikh
...n polycarbonate box with maximum numbers of daughter queens and males emerged 1.7-4.0 fold higher than from cardboard and wooden material boxes. Foundation queen (mother queen) survival duration was the lowest in cardboard box (64.6 days) while highest in polycarbonate box (109.5 days). Mortality of workers and males was 2.1-fold less in polycarbonate as compare to cardboard and wooden materials. Such important abiotic affect of rearing environment suggests po...
Manzoor Hussain*, Miloslav Zouhar and Pavel Ryšánek
...gent by parasitizing the maximum number of eggs, whereas D. oviparasitica appeared to be the least efficient after 72 hours. The greatest numbers of cysts and eggs were found to be colonized with L. muscarium during microscopic observations. In the greenhouse experiment, L. muscarium had significant effects in reducing the nematode population in soil compared to the other treatments. In regard to the growth parameters, root and shoot growth (cm) were enha...
Muhammad Basit1, Shafqat Saeed2, Mushtaq Ahmad Saleem3, Rana Zulfiqar4
...ng season. Their average maximum populations (5.65 and 3.20 individuals / leaf) were recorded during 3-week of May 2009. Aphis gossypii was recorded during the month of March and its maximum population (28.3 individuals / leaf) was observed during 2-week of March 2009. Likewise, Nysius inconspicuous was observed during seeds development and its maximum population (126 individuals / head) ...
Ali Murad Rahoo1,2, Tariq Mukhtar3,*, Simon R. Gowen1, Rehana Kanwal Rahoo4 and Shaukat Ibrahim Abro5
Taghreed A. Hafiz1, Murad A. Mubaraki1*, Mohamed A. Dkhil2,3 and Saleh Al-Quraishy2
...venging property and the maximum nontoxic concentration of the extract was determined using DPPH assay and MTT method, respectively. Serial concentrations of the extract not exceed the maximum nontoxic concentration were used against Vero cells for anti-HSV-1 and ant-HSV-2 effects by plaque assay. The results of the phytochemical analysis showed that the extract has high polyphenolic content while has relative low flavonoids...
Marryam Bakhtawar1, Qamar Saeed1* and Naeem Iqbal2
...stages on all diets with maximum survival of lady bird beetle larvae on mustard aphid (76.6%) followed by on grain moth’s eggs (20%), immature mealybugs (6%) and the least survival on honey. These findings can lead to the discovery of new artificial diets for the C. undecimpunctata for the mass release in fields in order to biologically control a number of pests for an eco-friendly pest control system....
Muhammad Raheel1,*, Nazir Javed2, Sajid Aleem Khan2, Hafiz Muhammad Aatif3 and Sohail Ahmed4
Dilawar Hussain* and Abdul Mateen
...y (p<0.05). T1 showed maximum NWG (45.49±3.85), FER (0.739±0.02) and PER (36.36±1.83) when compared to other dietary treatment groups. The addition of 4TX clay in the diets at both 2 and 4 ppm AFB1 concentrations have almost the same effect on the growth parameters tested except in the case of PER. T3 (0.5% 4TX+2 ppm AFB1) showed better PER (31.42±1.74) when compared to T4 (0.5% 4TX+ 4 ppm AFB1) group (27.76±0.67). Interac...
Wang Tian1, Huayong Zhang1,*, Jian Zhang2, Lei Zhao1, Mingsheng Miao3 and Hai Huang1
... site which provides the maximum concentrations of nutrients. Zooplankton communities were more correlated to phytoplankton community biomass than environmental factors. Results of canonical correspondence analysis (CCA) revealed that water temperature, Secchi disk depth (SD), total phosphorus and phytoplankton biomass were the most significant factors that influenced zooplankton. Strong correlations between SD and Brachionus leydigi, Chrysophyta and Diaphanos...
Abdul Baset1, Qun Liu1,*, Muhammad Tariq Hanif1, 2, Baochao Liao1, Aamir Mahmood Memon1,3 and Muhammad Mohsin1
...pproximately 100% of the maximum catch. The estimated values of MSY using CEDA with the Fox model under three error assumptions of normal, log-normal and gamma were 25 860.07 t (R2 = 0.864), 26 812.65 t (R2 = 0.836) and 26 665 t (R2 = 0.85), respectively. The MSY values with Schaefer and Pella Tomlinson models under two error assumptions normal and log-normal were 29 160.13 t (R2 =0.84) and 30 455.5 t (R2 =0.807), respectively. The values of Schaefer and Pella...
Iram Liaqat1*, Najma Arshad2, Muhammad Arshad3, Safdar Ali Mirza4, Nazish Mazhar Ali1 and Ammara Shoukat1
Salma Shaheen, Mumtaz Khan, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Saleem Jilani, Zarina Bibi, Muhammad Munir and Mehwish Kiran
Neelum Andaleeb and Munir Khan
...nt level in order to get maximum profit....
Amjad Ali and Abbas Ullah Jan
...ges from minimum 0.47 to maximum 0.98 with mean value of 0.84 percent. This mean that with same resource base average sugarcane growers can increase his yield up to 14% and most technical inefficient grower can increase his per acre yield up to 52% in order to achieve technical efficiency level (98%) of efficient fellow grower in study area. Maximum Likelihood Estimate (MLE) of technical efficiency describes that in study ar...
Muhammad Shahzad Ahmed and Dilnawaz Ahmed Gardezi
... genotype HSF-242 showed maximum mean values for, internodes length, brix percentage and reducing sugar while S-08-FSD-19 showed maximum values for number of tillers and stem girth, whereas S-05-FSD-307 revealed maximum values for plant height and number of nodes. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant differences for plant height, number of tillers, leaf area, brix percentage, r...
Muhammad Aslam Shahid, Muhammad Iqbal and Muhammad Niamatullah
... best pollen sources for maximum fruit set and yield. In this respect, an experiment was conducted during 2012 and 2013 to evaluate the male spath characteristics and to observe the effect of pollen sources on fruit set, yield and physico-chemical characteristics of Dhakki date palm. Data were recorded for spath length, width, number of strands/spath, number of flower per strands, number of spath per tree, weight of pollen grain/spath, weight of pollen grain/t...
Ibni Amin Khalil* and Raziuddin
...r genotypes by producing maximum seed yield per plant of 28 g. Since, the line × tester source was significant, hence data was further subjected to combining ability analysis. For the inheritance of the studied trait (seed yield plant-1), additive as well as non-additive genetic mechanisms were found important due to significant effects for both components i.e. General Combining Ability (GCA) and Specific Combining Ability (SCA) effects.
Muhammad Mohsin Javed*, Muhammad Azhar Nisar, Bushra Muneer and Muhammad Usman Ahmad
Rashid Mahmood1*, Saima Asad2, Ghulam Sarwar1, Waqar Ahmad1, Ziyad Abdul Qadir1, Ammara Balouch1 and Muhammad Khalid Rafique1
...ator. Our results showed maximum foraging ratio (59.88 ± 2.89) and pollen collection (145.8±8.79) during 1000-1200 hours followed by the duration of 1200-1400 hours when foraging ratio was 58.24 ± 3.03 and pollen collection was 134.4±5.49 and during 0800 – 1000 hours when foraging ratio was 48.36 ± 2.84 and pollen collection was 121.8±6.73, whereas, the lowest values were found during 1400-1600 hours when foragin...
Muhammad Afzal1,Naveeda Akhtar Qureshi1,*, Khalid Zamir Rasib2 and Irfan Hussain1
... (0.19±0.07g) and maximum on P. euramericana (1.50.1g). Under choice laboratory trials, maximum mass loss difference was recorded on pair of P. euramericana and D. sissoo (0.89±0.05 and 0.14±0.01g), whereas, minimum mass loss difference was observed on pair of B. variegata and A. lebbeck (0.48±0.02 and 0.43±0.04g). Under choice field conditions, D. siss...
Fazal Said1,Mian Inayatullah2 and Hussain Ali3*
Sehrish Rasool1, Zain ul Abdin1,*, Saqi Kosar Abbas2, Sumra Ashraf1, Maryam Anwer1, Atif Manzoor1, Muhammad Tahir1 and Hoor Shaina1
...sp. It was observed that maximum number of adult wasps emerged from the hosts G. mellonlla (95 ±2.30 (se) and S. litura (81 ±1.15 (se)) by placing the lowest number of wasp eggs (4 eggs per larvae) on the hosts larvae and minimum number of adult wasps was recorded from the hosts G. mellonella 44 ±1.15 (se), and S. litura (39 ±0.57 (se) by placing the highest number of wasp eggs (20 eggs per larvae) on the...
Memoona Akber1, Muhammad Mushtaq1,*, Muhammad Sajid Nadeem1, Amjad Rashid Kayani1 and Noor-un-Nisa2
Muhammad Waqas1*, Anwar Ali Shad1, Omaira Bashir2 and Mohsin Iqbal3
...d from lycopene revealed maximum score of smell, taste, odors, color texture and overall acceptability when compared with other tested sample and control. ...
Syed Ishfaq Ali Shah1,*, Tassawar Hussain Malik2, Imran Rafi Khan1 and Zahid Hussain3
...creased with increase in maximum and minimum temperatures, rainfall and wind velocity on USDA and local varieties while, increase in %R.H resulted to promote thrips on USDA accessions while it declined on local varieties.
...
Jun Gao1,2, Liang-Liang Yue3, Xianhuan Jiang1, Liju Ni4, Muhammad Aqeel Ashraf5, Yuxun Zhou,1 Kai Li1,* and Junhua Xiao1,*
...The trees, inferred from maximum likelihood and Bayesian phylogenetic analysis, highly supported all the M. fortis individuals clustering into one monophyletic lineage. Three main clades are recovered within M. fortis: (1) North group; (2) South group; and (3) GX group. The North Group distributed on the north side of Qinling Mountains-Huaihe river line as well as the South Group was on the south. It suggests this geographic barrier played an imp...
Muhammad Noor, Hidayat ur Rahman and Muhammad Iqbal
Response of Spring and Autumn Sunflower to Chemical and Bio-Fertilizers for Yield and Quality Traits
Muhammad Tahirand Memoona Shehzadi*
... was used. Significantly maximum 1000 achene weight, achene yield, biological yield, harvest index and protein content were recorded where seed inoculation with PGPR-1 + PGPR-2 and full dose of recommended chemical was applied during both the growing seasons. Overall the performance of sunflower was better in spring as compared to autumn season. However, it was also noted that the combination of PGPR-1 + PGPR-2 and half recommended doses of chemical fertilizer...
Abdus-Subhan1, Qudratullah Khan1, Muhammad Mansoor2, Muhammad Jamil Khan1, Ammanullah2, Matiullah Khan3
Waqas Ahmed Dogar2, Arshad Ali Khan3*, Saeed Ahmed2, Sudheer Tariq2, Mukhtar Ahmad2, Muhammad Imran2, Muhammad Noman2 and Nadeem Khan1
Ahmad Khan1, Raza Ullah Khan1*, Muhammad Zameer Khan1, Fayyaz Hussain1,Muhammad Ehsan Akhtar2, Jalal-Ud-Din3
...p>). Results showed that maximum bulb yield of 25.1 and 24.5 t/ha were obtained with application of plant derived HSs; SFDHSs and MDHSs respectively, while 24.7 t/ha bulb were obtained with CDHA applied at the rate of 20 kg/ha. Almost same trend was observed with respect to the number of bulbs per plot. The highest number of 28.3 bulbs/plot were obtained in CDHA given at 20 kg/ha, followed by 25.5 and 24.6 bulbs/plot in SFDHSs and MDHSs both applied at 30 kg/r...
Wajid Hasan1 and C. P. Singh2
Relationship between the population of mustard aphid,Lipaphis erysimi (Kaltenbach) and weather parameters on different cultivars of Indian mustard ( Brassica juncea L.)
...egative correlation with maximum and minimum temperature,rainfall, wind velocity, evaporation and positive with afternoon and morning relative humidity. The values of coefficient of determination (R ) were high (0.92 to 0.99), indicated that the population of L. erysimi governed significantly with the weather parameters. It concluded that the temperature (max. 18.7 and min. 5.0 C), relative humidity (morning 91.5 and afternoon 50.5 percent), rainfall (000.0 mm...
Palash Mondal1 , Amitava Konar2 and N. Johnson Singh3
Evaluation of insecticidal schedules for the management of insect pests of potato
... by soil pests was found maximum in control plot and it was recorded lowest in T treatment which received soil application of phorate 10G at 40 DAPand foliar spray with imadichloprid and chlorpyriphos + cypermethrin at 55 and 70 DAP, respectively. But soil application of phorate at planting followed by spraying of chlorpyriphos, azadirachtin and Bt (T) was not as effective as T....
1N. Johnson Singh, 2Amitava Konar and 3Palash Mondal
Incidence of aphids in different traps on potato in Gangetic plains of West Bengal
...ctors viz., temperature (maximum & minimum), relative humidity% (maximum & minimum) and bright sunshine hour had significant effect on aphid population. The same abiotic factors were quite different between the first and second year. This was due to the fact that the climatic conditions in second year varied distinctly from the first year....
B. Ramanujam, R. D. Prasad, S. Sriram and R. Rangeswaran
Mass production, formulation, quality control and delivery of Trichoderma for plant disease management
...">Trichoderma has gained maximum attention as biocontrol agent due to the fact that it is effective against a large number of soil-borne plant pathogenic fungi, suppressive effects on some root nematodes without adversely affecting beneficial microbes like Rhizobium and capable of promoting growth of certain crops. There are two major methods of inoculum production of Trichoderma spp. viz., solid state fermentation and liquid state fermentation. In solid ferme...
Sitansu Pan and N. K. Mishra
Epidemiological studies on some diseases of guava (Psidium guajava L.)
... of canker severity with maximum relative humidity at 1% level whereas, anthracnose correlated well with minimum relative humidity, temperature and number of rainy days at 5% level. The negative correlation was obtained for stem canker and dry rot with all parameters at 1% significant level. In case of Phytophthora fruit rot, positive correlation was also recorded with all parameters, except maximum relative humidity. Keywor...
S. K. Dutta, S. Roy Chowdhuri, D. Pandit and A. K. Bajpai
Rot diseases of muga host, Som (Persea bombycina) in Assam, India
...nfection was found to be maximum in 10 years old plantation. Keywords: Rot disease, Som, Muga, Heart rot, Canker rot, Phellinus contigus, Biscogniauxia mediterranea, Assam
...
Basudeb Dasgupta, Partha Dutta and Srikanta Das
Biological control of foot rot of betelvine (Piper betle L.) caused by Phytophthora parasitica Dastur
...ntervals were given. The maximum foot rot disease was recorded in control treatment. The yield parameters like fresh weight of 100 leaves and leaf yield were good in treatments where BM was applied. Trichoderma applications resulted in better c : b ratio during 1 st year, where as applications of P. fluorescens over two year analysis of pooled data gave the best c : b ratio....
P. Barma and S. Jha
Biology, seasonal activity of fruit fly (Bactrocera cucurbitae Coq.) on pointed gourd (Trichosanthes dioica Roxb.) and weather relations
...rs revealed that each of maximum and minimum temperature had significant positive correlation (r = +0.386 and +0.501, respectively) on the population build up of the pest. The relative humidity % of morning hours had significantly negative correlation (r = -0.451) and that of evening slightly positive (r = +0.284). Rainfall had insignificantly positive (r = +0.195), soil temperature significantly positive (r = +0.555) and the bright sun shine hours insignifica...
Amitava Konar, Kiran A. More and Pradip Mondal
Efficacy of some insecticides against cutworm and molecricket of potato in West Bengal
...lthy tubers was recorded maximum (31.66 t ha -1) in T5 treatment succeeds by T6 than other treatments as well as control.
...
Md Riton Choudhury, Koushik Brahmachari, Sudeshna Kar and Rupayan Deb
Integration of weed management practices in rice-potato-groundnut cropping sequence
...ures. Rice exhibited the maximum yield when treated with two hand weedings, but it may be profitably replaced by the application of herbicides. From the point of eco-safety measures and economy, combination of hand weeding and mulching can be judiciously recommended in potato and groundnut.
...
Goutam Mondal
Plant growth promoting activity of some indigenous Tricho-derma isolates and their field performance against sheath blight of rice in old alluvial zone of North Bengal
...wed negative result with maximum reduction in germination by 25.56% (cauliflower), shoot length by 67.06% (cauliflower), root length by 88.50% (cauliflower) and biomass by 34.91% (chilli). Whereas, in the field experiment with talc based bioformulation (3x108 cfu), all Trichoderma isolates, particularly the isolates, B18 and B16, were found effective to increase yield (12.50% to 23.14%) and reduce rice sheath blight disease incidence (46.32% to 70.54%) over ch...
Biswajit Pramanick, Sruti Karmakar, Koushik Brahmachari, Rupayan Deb
An integration of weed management practices in potato un-der New Alluvial soil
...esults revealed that the maximum tuber yield and return per rupee invested vis-à-vis the maximum N, P, K uptake by potato and the minimum uptake of N, P and K by weeds emerged in the potato field were recorded under the treatment T3 (hand weeding at 20 DAP along with mulching) which was closely followed by the treatment T9 (Pendimethalin @1kg a.i. ha-1 along with mulching). So, the findings of the experiment provide u...
S. Patra, V.W. Dhote, SK F. Alam, B.C. Das, M.L. Chatterjee and A. Samanta
Population dynamics of major insect pests and their natural enemies on cabbage under new alluvial zone of West Bengal
...s, respectively, whereas maximum coccinellid was observed on 23rd February of 2011-12 and 2012-13 crop seasons with 11.67 and 9.67 coccinellids/ 5plants, respectively. Both maximum and minimum temperature had major role to build up the population of diamond back moth, C. plutellae and coccinellids beetle while aphid population was enhanced only by maximum temperature. Relative humidity and...
Abhijit Ghosal and M. L. Chatterjee
Bioefficacy of imidacloprid 17.8 SL against whitefly, Bemisia tabaci (Gennadius) in brinjal
...(1.55/plant) and offered maximum reduction of whiteflies (83.15%) as well as highest marketable fruit yield (146.50 q/ha). However, imidacloprid at lower doses showed nearly similar results. The other neonicotinoid, thiamethoxam also provided similar levels of protection as that of imidacloprid. The conventional insecticide, methyl demeton (125 g a.i./ha) was less effective....
Dharmishthabahen R. Shah and Abhishek Shukla
Reaction of gerbera cultivars to spider mite, Tetranychus urti-cae Koch (Tetranychidae: Acari) under polyhouse conditions
...ters cultivar stanza has maximum mite population having green coloured leaves and red coloured flowers, while the highly tolerant cultivar Cherany with dark green leaves and pink coloured flower....
Dinesh Kachhawa and Sahidur Rahman
Factors influencing incidence of red spider mite of tea, Oligonychus coffeae (Nietner) in Assam
...ctors viz., temperature (maximum and minimum), relative humidity, total rainfall and bright sunshine hours were collected for the entire period of study from the Department of Agrometeorology, AAU, Jorhat.The incidence of red spider mite, Oligonychus coffeae on tea leaves was maximum during month of April to May-June and September-October (2011). The minimum number of mites was recorded from July- August and November (2011) ...
M. S. Joshi , D.M. Sawant and A.P. Gaikwad
Isolate variations in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides infecting pomegranate
...ptible as both displayed maximum mean DRI 10.38 and 8.56, respectively irrespec-tive of isolates. Resistant varieties Yarcud local and Bedana thin skin showed uniform resistant reaction against six isolates of the pathogen. The interaction between isolates x varieties was also statistically significant. Highest DRI (15.22) was recorded in the interaction between Bhagwa x Cg 85 and it was on par with Ganesh x Cg 86, Aarakta x Cg 82, Aarakta x Cg 84, Ruby X Cg 8...
S. Pal, H. Banerjee and N. N. Mandal
Efficacy of low dose of herbicides against weeds in transplanted kharif rice (Oryza sativa L.)
... treatment also gave the maximum grain yield (3.53 tha-1) and straw yield (4.73 tha-1) of rice resulting in lowest weed index (5.61 %). Therefore, penoxsulam 24 SC at 0.0225 kg a.i. ha-1 applied at 8-12 days after transplanting may be recommended to replace the tedious, time consuming and expensive hand weeding practice of weed control in transplanted kharif rice.
...
Shrinivas Mudigoudra and Shekharappa
Evaluation of plant products aganist sorghum shoot fly, Atherigona soccata Rondani
... dead heart (14.97%) and maximum grain yield of 13.22 q.ha-1 among different plant products. The next best plant product was found to be V. negundo @ 5% in recording less incidence of shoot fly and obtaining higher grain yield. However, both the treatments were found next best only to carbofuran 3 G....
Shyam Singh and L.P. Awasthi
Plant products for the management of yellow mosaic disease of mungbean and urdbean
...tract. On the other hand maximum disease incidence ( 80.85% and 73.56%) with minimum plant height, primary and secondary branches, nodules, pod and seed yield were recorded in untreated (control) plots in both mungbean and urdbean crops.
...
Freeha John, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem and Muhammad Hamed
Mousa Keshavarz1*, Maryam Soyuf Jahromi2
...e average low tide and a maximum depth of 5 m. In the current study, it was monitored monthly 217 individuals from Bandar Lengeh (26˚32ʹ28̋ N, 54˚52ʹ28̋ E; water depth: 0.5 to 1 m) during March to September, 2014. Their genders were obtained by dissection. The aim of this study was to determine the sexual ratio in their population and to see if they effect the operational sex ratio (OSR). The number of males and females were 71 an...
1Sitesh Chatterjee, 1Chirasree Gangopadhyay and 2Santosh Kumar Roy
... population was recorded maximum in the chlorantraniliprole granule applied plots in comparison to scheduled spray plots.
...
Amir Ismail1, Muhammad Riaz1,2*, Saeed Akhtar1, Amjad Farooq3, Muhammad Arif Shahzad1 and Ahmad Mujtaba4
... was found to exceed the maximum permissible limit (0.02 µg/g) set by Codex Alimentarius Commission in 53% milk samples. In 44% milk samples the level of Cd was found to exceed the permissible limit (0.0026 µg/g) set by International Dairy Federation (1979). The mean levels of Ni, Cu and Co were found in the normal ranges. The data for estimated daily intake of heavy metals through milk showed that infants are most prone towards heavy metal toxicit...
Shahid Iqbal Khattak1*, Mohammad Safdar Baloch1, Khalid Naveed2 and Ejaz Ahmad Khan1
...applied method. However, maximum grain protein content was recorded in soil applied method in comparison to foliar N application. In conclusion, higher results for all the quantitative parameters were observed at 120 kg N ha-1....
Umer Wahid1, Shahid Ali2* and Nihal Ahmad Hadi3
Muhammad Mansoor1, Amanullah1, Zafar Islam2*,Sher Muhammad3, Muhammad Umair4, Mehmood Ayaz5, Asghar Ali Khan6, Muhammad Asif2 and Ya Sakina3
... M1 were optimal for its maximum yield. Inqalab Mung outclassed among all candidate lines included in National Uniform Yield Trial (NUYT)- 2007 with an average yield of 1092 kg ha-1 at 12 locations across country, with highest grain yield of 3620 kg ha-1 at Agricultual Research Station ARS, Mingora, Swat, Khyber Pakhtoon Khawa. Again in NUYT-2008, Inqalab Mung outclassed among 13 candidate lines across 13 locations. It gave th...
Ayesha Ilyas1, Hafiz Azhar Ali Khan2,* and Abdul Qadir1,*
Huseyin Sasi1* and Gulcin G. Ozay2
...d age group was found at maximum rate of 30.60%. Their fork lengths and weights ranged between 6.0-22.8 cm and 3.7-134.62 g for females; 6.1-22.1 cm and 2.7-110 g for males, respectively.The growth parameters of the von Bertalanffy equation were found as Lt=34.71 [1-e–0.116(t+0.867)] for females and Lt=32.87 [1-e–0.127(t+0.717)] for males. The length-weight relationships were estimated to be WT= 0.0269 FL2.720 (R
Wu Yi-qun* and Xu Xiu
...Lying behavior reaches a maximum proportion from 13:30 to 14:00. Correlation analysis on the wintering behaviors shows that there is a significant positive correlation (P < 0.05) between feeding and walking, air movement and chasing behavior, and the positive correlation between lying and preening behavior is also significant. The results also showed that weather conditions has obvious influence on wintering behavior, especially on feeding, walking, lying a...
Saba Irshad1,*, Ayesha Ashfaq1, Ammara Muazzam1 and Abida Yasmeen2
...ns. Both extracts showed maximum antibacterial activity against B. subtilis, E. coli and S. aureus. All alcoholic extracts were competent enough to reduce the growth rate of M. canis and A. flavus up to 35%, with no inhibitory influence on Candida species and F. solani. These extracts fully inhibit growth of PC3 cells. Moreover, partially purified lectin, from Curcuma longa L. with a molecular weight of 1...
Murad Ali1, Farmanullah Khan1, Wiqar Ahmad2* and Imran Khan1
...d easily combine to give maximum output still needs lots of research. The experiment was conducted during wheat season 2014-15 on a selected water eroded site in District Swabi. Fourteen treatments viz the control (T1), recommended dose (RD) (120:90:60 kg ha-1 N: P2O5: K2O. T2), four combinations of farmyard manure (FYM) i.e 20, 15, 10 and 5 t ha-1 with 0, 25, 50, 75% of the RD (T3, T4, T5, T6, respectively), four combinations of poultry manure (PM) i.e. 10, 7...
Syed Makhdoom Hussain1,*, Tasneem Hameed1, Muhammad Afzal2, Arshad Javid3, Nosheen Aslam4, Syed Zakir Hussain Shah6, Majid Hussain5, Muhammad Zubair ul Hassan Arsalan1 and Muhammad Mudassar Shahzad1
...e chelated nutrients for maximum growth performance of C. mrigala fingerlings. Our results also suggested that phytase supplementation to sunflower meal based diet can help in the development of sustainable aquaculture by reducing the feed cost and nutrient discharge through feces into the aquatic ecosystem.
...
Rahat Naseer1*, Abu Saeed Hashmi1, Zulfiqar-ul-Hassan2, H. Rehman1, Saima Naveed1, F. Masood1 and M. Tayyab1
Attaullah Khan1, Muhammad Shafi1*, Jehan Bakht2 and Shazma Anwar1
...spectively compared with maximum germination (94.80%), tillers plant-1 (4.42), leaves plant-1 (17.45), leaf area (32.10cm2) less number of days to emergence (7.54) from control. All growth parameters were significantly improved by seed priming with CaCl2 except shoot length (cm). It is concluded that salinity stresses has adversely affected growth traits of wheat varieties however, seed priming with CaCl2 has alleviated the adverse effects of salinity in wheat...
Fareeda Tasneem1, Farah Rauf Shakoori1 and Abdul Rauf Shakoori2,*
...etic tree constructed by maximum likelihood method placed the FT8 strain very distinctly from other species, giving it a clearly separate position. Phylogeny results based on the H4 gene sequences corresponded to the results obtained by 18SrDNA sequences. Both markers proved the FT8 strain is a highly divergent species based on the phylogenetic relationships, opening new realms for the researchers of this field.
...
Netti Aryani1, Azrita2, Ainul Mardiah3 and Hafrijal Syandri2*
...version ratio (FCR). The maximum growth of giant gourami was found at 6% feeding rate. However, the best feed conversion ratio (1.34±0.18) was obtained at the 4% feeding rate. The carcass composition (crude protein and crude lipid) of giant gourami with different feeding rates showed a significant increase (p<0.05) after 120 days of the experiment. Based on growth performance, feed efficiency, and carcass composition, a 6% feeding rate showed the bes...
Sumaira Maqsood1,*, Muhammad Afzal1, Muhammad Anjum Aqueel1, Abu Bakar Muhammad Raza1,Waqas Wakil2 andMuhammad Hussnain Babar3
...treated larvae (control) maximum pupation (66.01±1.32 and 73.95±1.28 %) and adult emergence (61.87±1.71 and 67.77±1.11 %) was observed when larvae were treated with NPV (1x107 POB/ml) against 2nd and 4th instar larvae. This study would be helpful to use NPV and flubendiamide in IPM under field conditions to control S. litura on cauliflower.
...
Muhammad Ibrahim1,2*, Syed Jawad Ahmad Shah1, Shaukat Hussain2, Musharaf Ahmad2 and Farhatullah3
...gher than 26% were found maximum in the northeren zone (30%) which was followed by the central (6%) and southern zone (2%). Frequency of yellow rust severity of 5 (20-29% leaf area affected) to 9 (>75% of leaf area affected) was maximum in northeren zone (40%) which was followed by the central (10%) and southern zone (3.5%). A total of 35 known and unknown cultivars were deployed in the three wheat production zones and ou...
Muhammad Arslan Khan1,*, Sajid Aleem Khan1, Imran-ul-haq1 and Rashad Waseem Khan2
...ite) chitwood showed the maximum frequency percentage (72.3%). Results confirmed the presence of fungi and nematodes interacting each other to enhance the disease. Paecilomyces lilacinus (Thom) and Trichoderma harzianum (Rifai) (alone and in combination) were used as bio-control agents against isolated pathogens at three different concentration viz., R, R/2 and R/4. Combination of bio agents (T+P) gave maximum ...
Kulsoom Akhter1, Tahseen Ghous1,2,Saiqa Andleeb3,*, Faiz-ul-Hassan Nasim4, Samina Ejaz5, Zain-ul-Abdin1, Bilal Ahmed Khan1 and Muhammed Naeem Ahmed1
...B. cereus NC7401. At maximum studied concentration of metal ions (250 mgl-1), in above sequence, the strains accumulated 118.2, 121.87 and 90 mg/g Cr (VI), 135, 127.5 and 146.25 mg/g Ni (II) and 120, 129.37, 135 mg/g Cd(II). Langmuir and Freundlich models were applied and found suitable to describe biosorption of selected metals by the isolated strains.
...
Jawad Anwar* and Zafar Iqbal
... acetate fraction showed maximum zone of inhibition (24.25±1.06 mm) against X. campestris and (23.15±2.12 mm) against C. michiganensis on growth nutrient broth (GNB) medium as compared to other culture media (Potato dextrose broth and yeast extract broth). Similarly maximum zone of inhibition was observed in optimized parameters like shaking flask culture, 25 °C temperature, media of pH 5 and light fermenta...
Muhammad Zafarullah Khan*, Shah Saud Ahmad and Asif Nawaz
Sadia*, Abdur Rab, Sayyed Hamad Ahmad Shah, Irfan Ullah, Farida Bibi and Islam Zeb
...density (0.80gcm-3) with maximum number of new shoots (55.7), number of new flowers (225.3), fruit weight (197.5g), and fruit volume (245.5cm3) were recorded in plants deblossomed in September treated with 50 ppm of GA3. While maximum fruit density (1.13gcm-3) was recorded in the month of July fruits treated with 10 ppm of GA3. While maximum fruit drop (11.69%), titratable acidity (0.59%),...
Mohammad Umar Farooq1*, Sarfaraz Ahmad2, Ghulam Nabi1, Ijaz Ali1 and Imtiaz Ahmad1
...soil surface. Therefore, maximum carbon was leached down into soil. Similarly in un-grazed site, as their above portion of grass was not so grazed, but the carbon was leached into soil due to their shallow roots all the carbon leached down into soil. The carbon sequestration in underground and the aerial phytomass depends upon the management practices, climate and response of different species.
...
Zuhao Huang*, Meifang Li, Rujue Ruan and Jiawei Qin
Mian Ahmad Raza*, Ghulam Hassan and Naqib Ullah Khan
...TR × BST displayed maximum spikelets spike-1 (24.3) whereas for F1 cross combinations, FS × SRN and TTR × BST had the highest number of grains spike-1 (58.9). The results of inheritance studies discovered that both additive and dominance type of inheritance mechanism was involved in the expression for maturity trait, plant stature, spike length, spikelet spike-1 and grains spike-1. Negative intercept of regression line indicated the major rol...
Asad Abdullah1, Muhammad Irfan Ullah1,*, Muhammad Waqar Hassan2, Samina Khalid3, Yasir Iftikhar4, Muhammad Arshad1 and Jaime Molina-Ochoa5,6
...tion was observed. While maximum reduction on non-Bt cotton at 6% recorded as 66.60% and minimum at 2% concentration recorded as 48.72% of neem seed extract against B. tabaci. In case of A. biguttula, maximum reduction in population was observed at 6% concentration of NSE (64.94%) and minimum at 2% concentration (44.50%) on Bt cotton. While maximum reduction of ...
Zaheer Abbas*, Shaukat Ali, Jalal-Ud-Din and Ghulam M. Ali*
...leoptilar nodes produced maximum primary calli on callus induction medium containing both 0.5mgL-1 2, 4-D and 1 mgL-1 picloram. Eighty percent of embryogenic calli were obtained on MS medium containing only single auxin while combination of auxin and cytokine in MS and Chu’s N6 media produced 53.33 and 35.56% embryogenic calli, respectively. Inclusion of 5 mgL-1 silver nitrate in embryogenic medium enhanced the production of type II embryogenic calli by ...
Shakeel Ahmad Anjum, Muhammad Farrukh Saleem, Muhammad Shahid, Abdul Shakoor*, Muhammad Safeer, Imran Khan, Ayesha Farooq, Iftkhar Ali and Usman Nazir
Mahreen Yahya, Noor Abid Saeed*, Sajid Nadeem, Muhammad Hamed and Sajid Shokat
...ide protected crops give maximum net returns. Integration of varietal resistance and insecticides showed an effective reduction of aphids and gave a significant increase in grain yield.
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